Folk Arts in the Philippines 2021

arts 7
Folk Arts of the Philippines
First Quarter - Module

Name: ____________________________________
Compiler: JOSHUA F. ABRANTES
Grade & Section: ___________________________
GRADE 7 - ARTS
Date of Submission: ________________________
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 Folk Arts in the Philippines 2021

Quarter content preview

This module will introduce you to the folk arts and designs of Luzon, the
largest island of our country. Luzon is in the Northern most part of the Philippine
archipelago that includes the Island of Luzon itself, the Batanes and Babuyan
groups of islands to the north, and the outlying islands of Catanduanes,
Marinduque, Masbate, Romblon, Palawan, and Mindoro in the south. Luzon is
the economic and political center of the Philippines, being home to the country‟s
capital city, Manila.

You will be familiar with the art motifs from Batanes group of islands,
northern, central and southern parts of Luzon, and the island provinces of
Romblon, Marinduque, Palawan, and Mindoro. Representative folk arts from
each of the five regions of Luzon will be presented in this module.

Activities are also provided to aid you in deeper understanding of the role
played by folk arts in the community and in weaving the national fabric out
identity as a Filipino nation.

What you will learn

At the end of this module you are expected to:

Learning Outcome:

Explore the similarities and differences of Philippine folk arts.

Learning Objectives:

1. describe basic art elements;

2. analyze the elements, principles, and processes used in
folk arts; and
3. draw a sample of natural land scenery

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE 1
QUARTER CONTENT PREVIEW 2
WHAT YOU WILL LEARN 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS 3

LET‟S TALK ABOUT IT

A. Folk Arts (Media Techniques and Processes) ----------------------- 4
B. Folk Arts of Ilocos Region and Cordillera
Administrative Region ---------------------------------------------------- 5
C. Folk Arts of Cagayan Valley and Central Luzon ------------------- 8
D. Folk Arts of Southern Tagalog Region ------------------------------- 10
E. Folk Arts and Crafts of Bicol Region ---------------------------------- 12
F. Folk Arts from the Visayas ---------------------------------------------- 12
G. Folk Arts from Mindanao ------------------------------------------------ 14
H. Philippine Art During the Spanish Period --------------------------- 16
I. Philippine Art During the American Period -------------------------- 17
LEVELING-UP ACTIVITIES
Remembering What You Learned ---------------------------------------- 18
Thinking What You Learned ----------------------------------------------- 19
Applying What You Learned ----------------------------------------------- 21
REFERENCE --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24

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 Folk Arts in the Philippines 2021

Let’s talk about it

A. FOLK ARTS

Do you know what folk art means?

The term folk art refers to art made by people who have no art instruction, and
often little formal education. Art is generally considered to be folk art when it is the work
of untrained artist working on rural areas.

What are the folk arts?

It could be a paintings, carvings, furniture, textiles, metal works, masks, artifacts,

and all decorative arts made by people using traditional techniques handed down to
them through generations.

PHILIPPINES FOLK ART

Every country and community has its own folk art. Folk art is part of our country‟s
cultural heritage. It spoken of our national symbols that represent the country as well. It
also shows our country‟s national identity and national unity.

To create a work of art, folk artist use different materials. These materials are
called medium. Some of the media that artist use in art creation is crayon, colored
marker, clay, and other indigenous materials. In sculpting, the artist may use different
media such as wood, soap, marbles, clay, and many more. Pattern is word used to
describe a decorative surface design.

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B. FOLK ARTS OF ILOCOS REGION AND CORDILLERA

ADMINISTRATIVE REGION

ILOCOS Pottery is another lively tradition

of the Ilocanos. At present, the
Ilocanos, being the largest ethno-linguistic groups making of burnay pottery
in the Philippines, live in several places in the continuous as a tradition in Ilocos.
country. You can see most of them in La Union, Bernayan jars and pots are also
Abra, Isabela, Vigan and many other places. found in Ilocos.

Their arts and culture are greatly influenced by the

Spaniards and Christianity and is very evident you PANGASINAN
look at their churches.
In Pangasinan, you will see
Ilocano blankets have intricate designs. These beautiful arts and crafts which
blankets are called binakol and pinilian. Made include Bolinao Mats and hats.
from hand-spun cotton these blankets were dyed Bolinao mats are made from
in light or dark indigo with repetitive geometric either buri or raffia leaves.
designs. This design produces optical illusions. Different crafts made from
bamboos are found in San
Ilocano weaving tradition which has handed down Carlos.
from one generation to the next is called
panagabel.

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VIGAN

Vigan is known for keeping old houses. The people of Vigan remain steadfast in
their traditional crafts, particularly pottery (burnay) and handloom weaving (inabel)

Having the mountain as habitat, the natives of Cordillera are abundant with wood
from the trees in their environment. Their artworks are dominantly made from wood.

The art of the people of cordillera are decorative and ritualistic. The ritualistic items
are the bul-ul and the bihag. Bul-ul represents ancestral spirits and granary gods.
Bul-ul is granary deity whom the Ifugaos worship to have abundant harvest. Bihang
is a gruesome ritual object to incite fear of punishment to those who go against the
village norms. It serves as a guard reminding villagers not to do an act that would
cause harm to their people or they will get a punishment

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The people of cordillera developed the ELEMENTS, PRINCIPLES, AND

art of basket weaving. Basket is very PROCESSES OF ARTS
important in their daily life‟s. It served Elements
as a container to carry their load up - Line - Form
and down the mountain. - Color - Space
- Value - Perspective
- Shape - Texture

Principles
- Balance - Pattern
- Emphasis - Unity
- Contrast - Variety
- Rhythm - Proportion
Other woven art pieces of the people
Processes & Techniques
from CAR are hats, fan, the famous
- Drawing - Sculpture
pasiking or backpack. It is woven with - Printmaking - Environmental Art
very good design and sound structure. - Painting - Mixed Media
- Photography-Performance Art
- Craft, Folk & Popular Art
- Architecture

A. ALTERNATING DESIGNS - these are two

or more patters, motifs or colors used
alternatively.
B. GEOMETRIC LINES - there are different
straight or curved lines.
C. GEOMETRIC SHAPES - these are
The ifugaos wear amulet around their enclosed spaces formed by straight line or
neck. These amulets are made of gold, curved lines that progress evenly. Two-
bronze, beads, and other materials. dimensional shapes such as square, circle,
They call these amulets lingling-o or oval, rectangles, and triangles are some
dinumug and they believe that these examples. These shapes have smooth,
are fertility symbols. even edges. Cube, box, pyramid, sphere
are three-dimensional shapes or hard
edges shapes.
D. GRADUATED DESIGN - these are motifs
or pattern that are repeated but in
graduated size from small to big, or if
colors light to dark.
E. REPEATED DESIGN - these are design
elements used over and over again to
create a pattern.

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C. FOLK ARTS OF CAGAYAN VALLEY AND CENTRAL LUZON

CAGAYAN
BATANES The province of Cagayan is known for
Ivatan women usually wear a headgear called their beautiful tourist spots and religious
Vakul. spots.

NUEVA VIZCAYA The Calvary Hills

This province is known for their bakwat.

Church of the Lady of Piat

in Tuguegarao
ISABELA
The Aetas in Isabela and Cagayan usually hunt
for their foods. They make arrows with a series of
barbs below the arrow heads to prevent the
wounded animal from easily shaking of the arrow.

Tuguegarao’s arts and

crafts

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 Folk Arts in the Philippines 2021

BULACAN ZAMBALES
Bulacan is known for its artistically made They make bamboo flutes, baskets, and
bamboo arches or singkaban during fiesta other products out of bamboos and rattan.
and other special occasions.
Bocaue, Bulacan is known in manufacturing
firecrackers of different kinds.

PAMPANGA
Pampanga is known for the beautiful giant NUEVA ECIJA
lanterns. Weaving mat from buri is also a source of
Betis, Pampanga is actually synonymous to livelihood of the women from Nueva Ecija.
sculpture and woodcarving. Betis is now the
furniture-making and woodcarving capital of
Pampanga.

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 Folk Arts in the Philippines 2021

D. FOLK ARTS OF SOUTHERN TAGALOG REGION

LAGUNA CAVITE
The town of Paete in Laguna is known as In Kawit cavite, the people celebrate an
the “woodcarving capital of the Philippines” important tradition every Christmas
The hand woven and embroided barong season called Tinis.
tagalog of Lumban is a well-known product Karakol dancing is another tradition of
of the place. Caviteños.
Taka or paper mache‟ technique is another
form of native art in Laguna.

BATANGAS
The popular pinya fabric from pineapple
fiber is a product of Batangas.
RIZAL PROVINCE Making balisong is another skill of
The giant puppets or higantes or paper Batangaeños.
mache‟ of human figures are famous in the
Rizal Province.

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 Folk Arts in the Philippines 2021

QUEZON PROVINCE MINDORO

In the town of Lucban you will see colorful The Iraya Mangyans of Mindoro are skilled
displays of kipings. in weaving baskets and mats. Bay-ong is
some of the woven mats of Iraya Mangyans.

ROMBLON
This province is known for its marble, tiles,
tables and decor items.

MARINDUQUE
Mat weaving from buri or raffia plant is
common craft in Marinduque. s

PALAWAN
The queen of prehistoric artifacts was
excavated in the cave in Palawan. One of
the examples is the Manuggsul Jar.
Tagbanua carve wooden figures of different
animals and birds. S

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 Folk Arts in the Philippines 2021

E. FOLK ARTS AND CRAFTS OF BICOL REGION

Bicol is famous for their crafts made from abacca and raffia. Weaving, an old tradition in
Buhi, Camarines Sur, is still alive in town.
Bicol is also known for different delicacies from pili nuts.

F. FOLK ARTS OF THE VISAYAS

PANAY
One important industry in Iloilo is weaving. They weave patadyong, a wrap-around cloth
worn by women. They also weave hablon cloth and they do it using handloom.

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 Folk Arts in the Philippines 2021

Negros
ILOILO ARTS AND CRAFTS Weaving is very popular in Negros. Pinya
and sinamay weaving is also a profitable
industry in the place. Pinya cloth for barong
and other formal attire and sinamay for hats
are precious finished products out of those
materials.

Bohol
Very popular for their scenic spots. In arts
and craft, the place is known for their earliest
basket weaving industry.
Rare animal like the tarsier is an attraction
to local and foreign tourists.

CEBU
World-class furniture can be found in Cebu.
The famous guitars from Cebu are so
distinctive because of quality sound and
craftsmanship.

LEYTE, SAMAR, AND BILIRAN

Weaving or paglalara as they call is popular
in this place.

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 Folk Arts in the Philippines 2021

G. FOLK ARTS FROM MINDANAO

MARANAO TAUSUG
The dominant motif in all of their artworks is the okir Their most important traditional arts
design. Okir refers to whole range of folk motifs are brass casting and weaving.
consisting of plant forms that figure prominently in
their artworks.
Okir a datu – a gentleman‟s design is composed of
various spiral forms.
Okir a bay – ladies design is composed of zigzag
and angular forms as the principal motifs in their
geometric art.

Traditional dancing is an important

art in Jolo. Pangalay is a Tausug
dance they perform during wedding
The sarimanok is a bird-form symbol of the celebrations.
Maranaos that are found in their art objects.

Naga is another stylized dragon serpent design

usually carved on grave markers and on plows.

Maranaos are also famous for their gold and purple

malong.

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 Folk Arts in the Philippines 2021

T’BOLI YAKAN
They weave the T’nalak cloth on a back
strap loom. This cloth from abaca fiber is
woven in a tie-dye process. Another motif
is a g‟mayaw bird which they design to
portray a feeling of flapping wings.

BAGOBO

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 Folk Arts in the Philippines 2021

H. PHILIPPINE ART DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD

The coming of Spaniards in 1512 influenced changes in the Filipino culture

though there were tribes that continued to practice their primitive culture.

In the 16th century, Spanish colonizers came in, and found the Filipinos with their
own culture. The Filipinos‟ contentment and peaceful activities were changed forcefully
to absorb the Spanish culture.

Art during that period was more religious in nature. Religion was forced to the
people, making them embrace Christianity. Through artworks such as paintings,
sculpture, and engravings, the Spaniards became successful in propagating the
Catholic faith.

The Spaniards introduced comedia and zarzuela in the Philippines. The popular
santacruzan was also introduced to the Filipinos. Easel painting was also introduced
along with sculpture and architecture in western style.

Religious sculptured images were done by Filipinos in wood, clay, and stone.
During that period, the development of sculpture in the country can be attributed to the
following factors:

1. Natural skills of the Filipino native carvers

2. Presence of competent critic during that time
3. Availability of well-made images from Spain and Mexico used as model

There were also Filipino artists during that period whose artworks focused on
social and political issues such as Filipnos‟ discontentment with Spaniards and friars.

In architecture, the colonial house was introduced. Unlike the bahay-kubo or nipa
hut, the colonial house employed new materials such as tiles, stones, and bricks.
Churches were constructed with influence of Baroque style in architecture. Santos were
carved replacing the likha (religious image of early Filipinos) under the supervision and
direction of the friars.

In music and dance, western mode was introduced and western instruments
such as harp, flute, guitar, and organ took place of ethnic instruments. Choir was used
as part of the religious ceremonies or church rituals, and this choir was mostly trained in
seminary.

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 Folk Arts in the Philippines 2021

I. PHILIPPINE ART DURING THE AMERICAN PERIOD

During the American period, Zarzuela continued as many Filipino artists felt the need
to free themselves politically and intellectually. Through zarzuela or comedia, Filipinos were
able to express their aspirations for freedom and independence. This theme was carried on
through the early years of American period.

A new play was introduced by the Americans to the Philippines. American educators
introduced new ideas concerning dramatic presentations. As the Western civilization took
over the popularity of zarzuela was replaced by the vaudeville. Both the zarzuela and
vaudeville dealt on political and social issues, and the desire of the Filipinos to be
independent.

In painting, many Filipino painters received scholarship abroad that permitted them to have
formal training in America. During this period, the western influences started to become
visible in the artworks of Filipino artists.

In sculpture, a well0known sculptor, Guillermo Tolentino, created the Bonifacio

Monument during the American period. This artwork obviously embodied the western
standards and taste but Tolentino also depicted his Filipino sense of freedom.

In architecture, new structures were constructed such as schools, hospitals, semi-

industrial, and commercial buildings, municipal halls, and more residential houses.

Music and dance during American period took another style. The jazz, blues, and
dances such as foxtrot, tango, tap dance, charleston, and boogie become popular.

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LEVELING-UP ACTIVITIES

Remembering What You Learned

Directions: Arrange the following letters to determine the source of inspiration of the
Filipinos as manifested from the folk art designs and motifs of Ilocos Region and
Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR)

TANURE
Answer: ________________________

What „natural spots‟ do you see around you? Describe them. Use the space provided
below for your answers.

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Thinking What You Learned

Task-1

Directions: Try to tell the similarities and differences of the following textiles. Use the
table below for your answer.

1. In identifying the similarities or differences of the artwork, use your knowledge about
the elements of arts and the principles used by the folk artists.
2. Please refer to page 7 as your guide in identifying and describing the elements and
principles of arts. You can use the internet if you want to know more about this elements
and principles and to see some of the examples.
3. Since the processes of arts used are already given which is weaving, focus on the
elements and principles used in doing your activity. As you can see on the images, you
can identify the most common elements which include the lines and shapes. We cannot
recognize some of the elements because it is only common on the three-dimensional
artworks like sculptures etc. Also, we cannot identify the element color because the
images reflected in your module are in gray scale or in black and white color.
4. Always remember that the elements and principles of arts are connected. For
example, the shapes or color of an artwork can work together and determine the focus
of an image to create emphasis.
5. Most of the principles of arts can be seen in photography; since the activity that we
need to explore is weaving we can focus on the pattern used.

EXAMPLE:

B’LAAN YAKAN TAUSUG

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 Folk Arts in the Philippines 2021

EXAMPLE:

ORIGIN OF TEXTILE SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES

TAUSUG TRIBE -Tausug folk artists uses a mixture -A Tausug woven textile produces
of different straight lines just like in strongly geometric patterns. -
the woven textile of Yakan Tribe characterized by diagonal crosses
pattern
Yakan Tribe -The images of Yakan and Tausug -Yakan tribe uses the saw-tooth
Tribe woven textile bears with the pattern. -The woven textile of Yakan
shapes of diamond and with tribe uses the repetitive pattern of
triangular designs. It incorporates bunga sama
zigzag motifs as well
B‟laan Tribe -their textiles are characterized with -Recognizable motifs include those
rhomb patterns inspired by the natural environment

ACTIVITY: TASK 1

KALINGA ILOCOS
IFUGAO

Origin of Textile Similarities Differences

Ilocos

Kalinga

Ifugao

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 Folk Arts in the Philippines 2021

Write your impressions here:

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Applying What You Learned

Task-1

Look around you and observe the things you see. Describe your surrounding
using your basic knowledge about art elements.

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Task-2

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 Folk Arts in the Philippines 2021

Directions: Analyze the different examples of folk arts according to the elements,
principles and processed of arts used.

Art Geometric Geometric Graduated Repeated

Folk arts/crafts
processes Lines Shapes Designs Designs
mat straight squares, lines shapes
weaving lines rectangles

Task-3

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 Folk Arts in the Philippines 2021

Directions: Draw a landscape in your place. You can use any medium and choose any
natural and scenery found in your place.

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References:

Honing Your Skills Through MAPEH 7, Rodelia Natividad Tangco, Angelina A. Mojica

Photo sources:

https://www.google.com/search?q=folk+arts+of+cordillera&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjCt6DapqnrAh
VsEqYKHcO9B1gQ2-
cCegQIABAC&oq=folk+arts+of+cordillera&gs_lcp=ChJtb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1pbWcQAzIGCAAQ
CBAeOgQIIxAnOgQIABBDOgUIABCxAzoHCCMQsAIQJzoECAAQDToGCAAQBxAeOggIABAIEA
cQHjoICAAQCBANEB5Q2FVYqZcBYJihAWgAcAB4AoAB-
AaIAYspkgENMC45LjMuMS4xLjEuMpgBAKABAcABAQ&sclient=mobile-gws-wiz-img&ei=Biw-
X8KcJuykmAXD-57ABQ&bih=559&biw=360&client=ms-android-oppo&prmd=ivn

https://www.google.com/search?q=weaving+clipart&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwjB8NDdqqnrAhVEEq
YKHUrhDokQ2-
cCegQIABAC&oq=weaving&gs_lcp=ChJtb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1pbWcQARgAMgQIIxAnMgQIIxAn
MgcIABCxAxBDMgQIABBDMgIIADoHCCMQ6gIQJzoFCAAQsQNQuq8CWJO6AmCnyQJoAnAAe
AGAAZQFiAH8EZIBCzAuNC4wLjEuMC4ymAEAoAEBsAEFwAEB&sclient=mobile-gws-wiz-
img&ei=PzA-X4HVG8SkmAXKwrvICA&bih=559&biw=360&client=ms-android-oppo&prmd=ivn

https://www.google.com/search?q=pottery+clipart&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiAg9HyqqnrAhXWEK
YKHeIBDlsQ2-
cCegQIABAC&oq=ptteryclipart&gs_lcp=ChJtb2JpbGUtZ3dzLXdpei1pbWcQARgAMgQIABANMgQI
ABANMgQIABANMgQIABANMgQIABANOgcIABCxAxBDOgQIABBDOgUIABCxAzoGCAAQBxAeU
IKZAljaqwJg0rwCaABwAHgBgAHlA4gBwBaSAQowLjExLjEuMS4xmAEAoAEBwAEB&sclient=mob
ile-gws-wiz-img&ei=azA-X8ChHtahmAXig7jYBQ&bih=559&biw=360&client=ms-android-
oppo&prmd=ivn

Clarifications and Additional Instructions

1. If the information reflected in your module is limited for you to answer some of the activities, use the
internet to help you get information and gain more knowledge regarding the topic or task assigned. But, make
sure that you will do your best in answering. You can use your own words to avoid plagiarism.
2. Use a separate sheet of paper if the spaces provided for your activities are not enough for you to answer.
Attach the paper on your module before submitting to your advisers.

Teacher’s Contact Details

Full Name: JOSHUA F. ABRANTES
Permanent Address: 053, GABAWAN ODIONGAN ROMBLON
Contact Number: 09612219996 (Smart)
Email Address: abrantesjosh@gmail.com
Facebook Account: SHUA ABRANTES

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