International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2019

Vol. 4, Issue 4, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 306-311

Published Online August 2019 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com)

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF

SUGARCANE JUICE EXTRACTING
MACHINE FOR RURAL COMMUNITY
Uti Joseph Nduka, Adogbeji Victor Omoefe
Mechanical Engineering Department,
Moshood Abiola Polytechnic Abeokuta Ogun State Nigeria

Akinola Adebisi Olayinka

Mechanical Engineering Department,
Federal University of Technology Akure Ondo State Nigeria

Abstract - Extracting the juice from sugarcane

has been a major problem, especially with the I. INTRODUCTION
use of a traditional way that could damage the
gum of the teeth and putting the human teeth in The sugarcane plant is the common name of a
distress and require much energy. The main species of herb belonging to the grass family. There
objective of the project is to design a sugarcane are three major categories of sugarcane found in
juice extracting machine, that will extract juice Nigeria and namely saccharrim, offiicinarum, and
from sugarcane and that will separate the juice Sporitaneum. It is of six perennial kinds of grass
from the sugarcane and the bagasse. The species in the tribe andropogonee of the geranium
crushing unit is made of two rollers which are (porseglove, 1988).
134 mm thick diameter and length of 265 mm, Extracting the juice from sugarcane through the use
with crushing section of the roller of 17.8 mm of a traditional way could damage the gum of the
length and the cutting blade section of the roller teeth and putting the human teeth in distress and
8.7 mm, 148 mm long hollow stainless steel require much energy as a major problem. The
cylinders and stainless steel rods of 32 mm quantity of the extracted juice produce from the
diameter. The machine was constructed by traditional way will not be sufficient enough. The
several well-established methods such as design of a sugarcane extracting machine, which is
methods, such are as follows: Measuring, made of two stainless steel roller crushers, will be
Marking Out Operation, Cutting Operation, able to extract enough sufficient juice without
Welding Operation, Grinding Operation. The putting pressure on the machine. The main
machine was tested using a given sample of objective of the project is to design and construction
sugarcane weighing 22.5 kg, the mass of juice of sugarcane juice extracting machine, extraction of
extracted was 4.1 kg, while the extraction took juice from sugarcane, separation of juice from the
about 22 min. From the design, the axial sugarcane and the bagasse.
deflection of the crusher is 3.540 x 10 5 m with an
actual speed of the roller of 10.5 rpm. The design II. LITERATURE REVIEW
of the sugarcane juice extracting machine
possesses simplicity in operation and The development of sugarcane machines has been
maintenance as well as affordable with low started hundreds of years back in many countries.
running and maintenance costs with reliable The Trapiche is a traditional wooden roller used by
efficiency. people of Panama and Columbia to extract
sugarcane juice, the trapiche is a Spanish word
“sugarcane crusher”. It is varying in size which is
Keywords: Sugarcane, Extractor. Extraction made up of wood. It has two rollers that are
Efficiency vertically placed and held by a wooden frame.
(Rika, 2010).

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 International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2019
Vol. 4, Issue 4, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 306-311
Published Online August 2019 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com)

A sugar cane juice extractor machine is a machine The rollers are made of two parts which are the
used to extract the juice from sugar cane. These slicing part and the crushing unit.
juice extractor machines were built to help human The machine was mounted on a table made from
extract the juice from sugar cane through crushing square stainless pipes and angle bar, with the
and rolling process. electric motor and reduction gear mounted on the
A conventional machine is a simple machine base, the designed roller was assembling and
consists of several gears, rollers, and lever attached coupled with the shaft in the crushing chamber and
on a cast-iron chassis body. Most conventional the pinion gears were used on both sides of the
machines are made up of cast iron material which is rollers to connect to a chain drive.
strong and durable. These machines were made by a
simple mechanism of rolling and crushing IV. MACHINE DESCRIPTION &
(Kulkarni, 2005). OPERATION
Crushing a sugar cane requires strong force due to
its strong and hard characteristics. Juice extractor The crushing unit is made of two rollers which are
machines were built mostly focused on the 134 mm thick diameter and length of 26.5 mm, with
mechanical of the machine. The efficiency of the crushing section of the roller of 17.8 mm length and
machine depends on the mechanical system that has the cutting blade section of the roller 8.7 mm, 148
been designed on the machine. Mechanical power is mm long hollow stainless steel cylinders and
the most essential needs in these identified areas stainless steel rods of 32 mm diameter. The
(Olaoye, 2011). crushing surface of the roller is of two dimensions;
According to Cesar B.G.C (2004), designed one part is smaller and it is supported with cutting
conveyed screw press conveyors that gently blades that serve as a cutter while the other is bigger
squeeze the fiber (sugarcane) in each stage, and it has a rough surface with a depth of 5 mm
improving extraction. The performance of a pilot- which then compresses the sugarcane after being
scale screw-press conveyor was tested for cut. The clearance between the two rollers is 15
dewatering capabilities and power consumption. mm. The two-shaft used on each of the crushing
The un-optimized equipment decreased megasse rollers is carried by a shaft having a diameter of
moisture from 96 to 89 %. 28.8 mm and a length of 511 mm for the upper shaft
Olaoye, J. O. (2011), developed a sugarcane juice and the lower shaft, diameter 28.8 mm and length of
extractor for small scale industries. The designed is 460 mm.
a simple mechanical device for the extraction of
sugarcane juice. The output capacities of 10.50, V. DESIGN ANALYSIS OF
12.00 and 14.25 kg/hr were obtained at operating SUGARCANE JUICE
speeds of 0.25, 0.3 and 0.36 m/s. The extraction EXTRACTING MACHINE
efficiency of the machine ranged between 40 and 61
% at operating speeds of 0.25 and 0.36 m/s. He a. Power Selection For Motor
observed that this optimum performance of the The required power for the electric motor was
machine cannot be sustained over a long processing calculated using equation (1) (Alexandr et al.,
period due to the bluntness development of the 2010)
perforated grating drum over time. Power required (1)
Where
III. MATERIALS AND METHODS T is the torque in (N/m)
P is the transmitted power in watt
An extracting machine was designed and fabricated. ω is the angular speed
The materials use for the design and fabrication of
the sugarcane juice extractor was locally sourced,
Stainless steel Plate, Rollers, stainless square pipe,
gears, chain, bearing, electric motor, reduction gear, However, a 3.0 hp motor of 1450 rpm was chosen
bolt, and nut were bought-out materials were used.
In the design, stainless steel material was used to b. Determination of Actual Motor
avoid contamination of the extracted juice. The Torque
machine was designed to extract juice from the The actual motor torque (Tm) was obtained
sugarcane and it is powered by an electric motor. using equation (2) (Alexandr et al., 2010)

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 International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2019
Vol. 4, Issue 4, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 306-311
Published Online August 2019 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com)

(2) P is the power transmitted in watt, which is 2237

watt
where V is the speed of chain, which is 0.45 m/s
Motor Power is 2232.2
Angular velocity is 151.86
FT = 4.97

f. Power Transmitted by Chain

The power transmitted by the chain basis on
The Actual Motor Torque was 14.7 Nm breaking load was calculated from equation (6)
c. The Chain Drive
The required chain drive was calculated using (6)
equation (3) (Khurmi & Gupta 2010) where
WB is the braking load in newton, which is 8971 N
(3) V is the velocity of the chain in m/s, which is 0.45
m/s
where n is the factor of safety which is 30.7
Transmitted Power is 2237 kW Ks is the Service factor K1 x K2 x K3
Service Power is 1.3 K1 is the load factor, which is 1.25, K2 is the
lubrication factor, which is 1.5, K3 is the rating
factor, which is 1
Sf is the power transmitted by a chain

P = 70.1 watt
d. The Actual Speed of the Roller: g. Shaft Design
The actual speed of the rollers was obtained is calculated
using equation (4) (Khurmi & Gupta 2010) from equation (7) (Khurmi & Gupta 2010)
(7)
η2 = η1 ( ) (4)
where where
n1 is the speed of driver which is 28.4 rpm T is the torque in (N/m)
n2 is the speed of the roller p is the transmitted power in watt, which is 2237
N1 is the speed of rotation of smaller sprocket in watt
rpm, which is 28.4 rpm N is the Speed of Shaft in rpm, which is 1450 rpm
N2 is the speed of rotation of larger sprocket in rpm,
which is 75.3 rpm

n1
n2 T = 14.7 N/m
n2
h. Allowable Shear Stress
e. Tangential Driving Force (FT) The required allowable shear stress was
The required tangential driving force was calculated using equation (8) (Khurmi & Gupta
calculated using equation (5) (Khurmi & Gupta 2010)
2010) (8)
(5) where
where τ is the stress
FT is the tangential driving force Ԏu is the Ultimate Shear Stress for Steel is 360
MPa

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 International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2019
Vol. 4, Issue 4, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 306-311
Published Online August 2019 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com)

Fs is the Factor of Safety is 8 l. Permissible Angle of Twist for

Crusher
The required Permissible Angle of Twist for
Crusher was calculated from equation (12) & (13)
(Abdulkadir et al. 2009)
i. Torque twisting moment by a solid θ= (For Solid Circular Shaft) (12)
shaft
The required torque twisting moment by the solid
shaft was calculated using equation (9) (Khurmi & But Mt = (Nm) (13)
Gupta 2010)
where
(9) θ is the angle of twist
L is the length of the roller, which is 0.265 m
where G is the modulus of rigidity for steel, which is 80 x
τ is the Shear Stress, which is 45 N 109 Nm2
Te is the Twist moment P is the power transmitted which is 2.2371 kW
d is the diameter N is the speed of the shaft, which is 1450 rpm
d is the diameter which is 0.134 m
Mt is the moment of twist of the crusher, which is
14734 Nm

Mt = =

Mt = 14734 Nm

The diameter of the solid shaft is 11. 84 mm θ=

Shaft diameter, d is 12 mm

j. Design Analysis of Crusher = =

The required design analysis of the crusher was
obtained from equation (10) (Tipler, 2004) = 0.088°
Fc = Mf x Sf (10) Hence the Permissible Angle of Twist for Crusher
where is 0.088°
Fc is the crushing of the design
Mf is the Mass of Roller, which is 220 N m. Axial Deflection of Crusher
Sf is the factor of safety, which is 1.7 The axial deflection of the crusher was calculated
Fc = 220 x 1.7 from equation (14) (Abdulkadir et al., 2009)
ðL = (14
Fc is 374
where
k. Torque Transmitted to the Crusher
The torque transmitted to the crusher was calculated ðL is the axial deflection
from equation (11) (Tipler, 2004) A is the area of crusher
T=Fxr (11) L is the length of the roller, which is 0.265 m
where E is the modulus of elasticity, which is 200 x 10 3
T is the torque N/mm2
F is the Force, which is 374 N D is the diameter of the roller, which is 0.134 m
r is the radius of crusher which is 0.068 F is the Force of the crusher
T = 374 x 0.068 Area of Crusher, A = (15)
T = 25.432 N

Hence Torque Transmitted to the Crusher is 25.43 2 A=

N
A = 0.014 m2
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 International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2019
Vol. 4, Issue 4, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 306-311
Published Online August 2019 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com)

ðL =

ðL = 3.540 x 10-5 m

n. Extraction Efficiency of Machine

Extraction Efficiency Machine was measured the
ratio of the weight of the extracted juice to the total
weight of sugarcane as determined below

(16)

Total Weight of stalks (Sugarcane) is given by Figure 1: Detailed and Exploded Design of
(mass of shredded stalks – a mass of dry bagasse) Sugarcane Juice Extracting Machine

= 0.84 x 100
83.7 %
o. Performance Evaluation
The machine was tested using a given sample of
cane stalks weighing 22.5 kg; the machine was
evaluated using the following indicators and the
results of the test are:
Capacity (Throughput) of Machine was based on
the ability of the machine to extract sugarcane juice
of duration of time per kilogram weight of the
sugarcane

(17)

61.36 kg/hr

Plate 1: Sugarcane Juice Extracting Machine

VI. RESULT

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 International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology, 2019
Vol. 4, Issue 4, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 306-311
Published Online August 2019 in IJEAST (http://www.ijeast.com)

From the design analysis of the sugarcane juice Alexandr F. A, Viachaslau K, Vladimir V.
extracting machine, the machine will require an (2010): Driveline Systems of Ground
electric motor of 3 hp with speed of 1450 rpm that Vehicles: Theory and Design. CRC
would be connected to a reduction gear motor that Press: Taylor & Francis Group, Boca
will reduce the motor speed from 1450 rpm to 28.4 Raton London
rpm of the crushing rollers, with an actual speed of Cesar Benigno Granda Cotlear (2004): Sugarcane
the rollers 10.5 rpm and the crusher having the Juice Extraction and Preservation, and
permissible angle of twist of 0.0088° and the torque Long-Term Lime Pretreatment of Bagasse.
transmitted to the crusher 25.432 N, having an axial A Dissertation by Submitted to Texas A&M
deflection of the crusher 3.540 x 10 5m. The University in partial fulfillment of the
sugarcane juice extractor performs optimally with requirements for the degree of Doctor of
an efficiency of about 84 % when using an electric Philosophy
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speed of the electric motor that will reduce the of Machine Design. Eurasia Publishing
roller speed to about 28..81 rpm. House (P) Ltd., 7361, Ram Nagar, New
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since that the double sets of the roller are used in 9.10.1.1; final report. June 1997.
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