In this
Philippine name, the middle name or maternal family name is Edralin and the surname or
paternal family name is Marcos.
Ferdinand E. Marcos
CCLH
Marcos in 1982 during a ceremony
10th President of the Philippines
In office
December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986
Prime Minister Himself (1978–1981)
Cesar Virata (1981–1986)
Vice President Fernando Lopez (1965–1972)
Preceded by Diosdado Macapagal
Succeeded by Corazon Aquino
3rd Prime Minister of the Philippines
In office
June 12, 1978 – June 30, 1981
Preceded by Office established
(Position previously held by Jorge B.
Vargas as Ministries involved)
Succeeded by Cesar Virata
Secretary of National Defense
In office
August 28, 1971 – January 3, 1972
President Himself
Preceded by Juan Ponce Enrile
Succeeded by Juan Ponce Enrile
In office
December 31, 1965 – January 20, 1967
President Himself
Preceded by Macario Peralta
Succeeded by Ernesto Mata
11th President of the Senate of the Philippines
In office
April 5, 1963 – December 30, 1965
Preceded by Eulogio Rodriguez
Succeeded by Arturo Tolentino
Senator of the Philippines
In office
December 30, 1959 – December 30, 1965
Member of the
Philippine House of Representatives
from Ilocos Norte's 2nd district
In office
December 30, 1949 – December 30, 1959
Preceded by Pedro Albano
Succeeded by Simeon M. Valdez
Personal details
Born Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos
September 11, 1917
Sarrat, Ilocos Norte, Philippine Islands
Died September 28, 1989 (aged 72)
Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.
Resting place Ferdinand E. Marcos Presidential
Center, Batac, Ilocos Norte
(1993–2016)
Libingan ng mga Bayani, Metro Manila
(since November 18, 2016)
Political party Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (1978–1989)
Other political Liberal Party (1946–1965)
affiliations Nacionalista Party (1965–1972)
Independent (1972–1978)
Carmen Ortega (common-law)
Spouse(s)
(m. before 1954)
[1]
Imelda Romualdez
(m. 1954)
Children 4 with Carmen Ortega[1]
3 with Imelda Marcos:
Imee
Bongbong
Irene
Analisa Hegyesi Corr (mother Evelin
Hegyesi)[2][3][4]
Aimee (adopted)
Alma mater University of the Philippines
Profession Lawyer, jurist, politician
Signature
Military service
Nickname(s) Macoy, Ferdie
Allegiance Philippines
United States[a]
Years of 1942–1945
service
Rank First lieutenant
Major
Unit 21st Infantry Division (USAFFE)
14th Infantry Regiment (USAFIP-NL)
Battles/wars World War II
This article is part of a series
about
Ferdinand Marcos
Early Life
Family
Legacy
Prime Minister
1965 Philippine presidential election
President of the Philippines
First Term
1965 Philippine presidential election
1st Inauguration
Presidency
Communist insurgency
Moro conflict
Second Term
1969 Philippine presidential election
2nd Inauguration
First Quarter Storm
Plaza Miranda bombing
Vietnam War
Martial Law
Proclamation No. 1081
Martial law under Ferdinand Marcos
Human rights
Escalante Massacre
Chico River Dam Project
Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
Third Term
Presidential election and referendum, 1981
Assassination of Benigno Aquino, Jr.
People Power Revolution
1986 Philippine presidential election
Order of Sikatuna (Only two of the supposed 33
Marcos awards - the Gold Cross and the Distinguished Service
Star - were given during the Second World War, and both had
been contested by Marcos' superiors.)[5]
v
t
e
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos Sr. (/ˈmɑːrkɔːs/,[6] September 11, 1917 – September 28,
1989) was a Filipino politician, lawyer, and kleptocrat[7][8][9][10] who served as the 10th president of the
Philippines from 1965 to 1986. Espousing an ideology of "constitutional authoritarianism"[11][12]: 414 under
the New Society Movement, he ruled as a dictator[13][14][15] under martial law from 1972 until 1981,
[16]
and kept most of his martial law powers until he was deposed in 1986. One of the most
controversial leaders of the 20th century, Marcos' rule was infamous for its corruption, [17][18]
[19]
extravagance,[20][21][22] and brutality.[23][24][25]
Throughout his political career, Marcos claimed to have been the "most decorated war hero in the
Philippines."[26] A number of his claims have been found to be false, [27][28][29] with United States
Army documents describing his wartime claims as "fraudulent" and "absurd." [30][31] After World War II,
he became a lawyer, then served in the Philippine House of Representatives from 1949 to 1959 and
the Philippine Senate from 1959 to 1965. He was elected the President of the Philippines in 1965,
and presided over an economy that grew during the beginning of his 20-year rule, [32] but would end in
the loss of livelihood, extreme poverty,[33][34] and a crushing debt crisis.[35][34] He pursued an aggressive
program of infrastructure development funded by foreign debt, [36][37] making him popular during his first
term, although it would also trigger an inflationary crisis which would lead to social unrest in his
second term.[38][39] Marcos placed the Philippines under martial law on September 23, 1972, [40]
[41]
shortly before the end of his second term. Martial law was ratified in 1973 through a fraudulent
referendum.[42] The Constitution was revised, media outlets were silenced, [43] and violence and
oppression were used[25] against the political opposition, [44][45] Muslims,[46] suspected communists,[47]
[48]
and ordinary citizens.[45]
After being elected for a third term in the 1981 Philippine presidential election, Marcos's popularity
suffered greatly due to the economic collapse which began in early 1983, and the public outrage
over the assassination of opposition leader, Senator Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino Jr., later that year. This
discontent, the resulting resurgence of the opposition in the 1984 Philippine parliamentary election,
and the discovery of documents exposing his financial accounts and false war records, led Marcos
to call the snap election of 1986. Allegations of mass cheating, political turmoil, and human rights
abuses led to the People Power Revolution of February 1986, which removed him from power.[49] To
avoid what could have been a military confrontation in Manila between pro- and anti-Marcos troops,
Marcos was advised by US President Ronald Reagan through Senator Paul Laxalt to "cut and cut
cleanly."[50] Marcos then fled with his family to Hawaii. [51] He was succeeded as president by Aquino's
widow, Corazon "Cory" Aquino.[52][53][54]
According to source documents provided by the Presidential Commission on Good
Government (PCGG),[55] the Marcos family stole US$5 billion–$10 billion from the Central Bank of the
Philippines.[56] The PCGG also maintained that the Marcos family enjoyed a decadent lifestyle, taking
away billions of dollars[57] from the Philippines[58][59] between 1965 and 1986. His wife Imelda Marcos,
made infamous in her own right by the excesses that characterized her and her husband's conjugal
dictatorship,[60][61][62] is the source of the term "Imeldific".[63] Two of their children, Imee
Marcos and Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr., are still active in Philippine politics. He and his wife
currently hold the Guinness World Record for "Greatest Robbery of a Government". [64]
