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Ch3 Numerical Methods Lecture Notes Part One

This document contains lecture notes on numerically solving systems of linear equations using matrices and Cramer's rule. It includes examples of using each method to solve 2x2 and 3x3 systems of linear equations. The key steps of using matrices are: 1) write the equations in matrix form, 2) take the inverse of the coefficient matrix, 3) multiply to solve for variables. The key steps when using Cramer's rule are: 1) write the equations in matrix form, 2) use determinants of the coefficient matrix and matrices with one column replaced to solve for each variable.

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Abdiqani Mohamed Adan
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85 views4 pages

Ch3 Numerical Methods Lecture Notes Part One

This document contains lecture notes on numerically solving systems of linear equations using matrices and Cramer's rule. It includes examples of using each method to solve 2x2 and 3x3 systems of linear equations. The key steps of using matrices are: 1) write the equations in matrix form, 2) take the inverse of the coefficient matrix, 3) multiply to solve for variables. The key steps when using Cramer's rule are: 1) write the equations in matrix form, 2) use determinants of the coefficient matrix and matrices with one column replaced to solve for each variable.

Uploaded by

Abdiqani Mohamed Adan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AMOUD UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Numerical Methods

LECTURE NOTES

CHAPTER THREE

Numerical solution of linear equations

(Part one)

CLASS: Junior

FIRST SEMESTER

ACADEMIC YEAR: September, 2020 – July, 2021

LECTURER: Mr. Abdiqani M. Aden (Msc in Research & Statistics; Msc in Pure Mathematics)
Solving System of linear equations by Matrices
 The procedure for solving system of linear equations in two variables using matrices is:
1. Write the equations in the form
a x+b y=c
a x+b y= c
2. Write the matrix equations corresponding to these equations,
a b
× =
a b
3. Determine the inverse matrix of

Multiply each side of × = by the inverse of matrix.


4. Solve for x and y by equating corresponding elements.

Example (1)
3 +5 −7=0
Use matrices to solve the system
4 − 3 − 19 = 0

Note:
 The procedure for solving system of linear equations in three variables using matrices is:
1. Write the equations in the form
a x+b y+c z =d
a x+b y+c z= d
a x+b y+c z= d
2. Write the matrix equations corresponding to these equations,
a b c d
a b c × = d
a b c d
a b c
3. Determine the inverse matrix of a b c
a b c
a b c d
Multiply each side of a b c × = d by the inverse of matrix.
a b c d
4. Solve for x, y and z by equating corresponding elements.

Numerical Methods Lecture Notes AU 2020 Page 2


Example (2)
+ + −4=0
Solve the system using matrices 2 − 3 + 4 = 33
3 −2 −2 −2=0

Try it!!!
1. In two closed loops of an electrical circuit, the currents flowing are given by the
simultaneous equations:
I + 2I + 4 = 0
5I + 3I − 1 = 0
Use matrices to solve for I and I .
2. The relationship between the displacement s, velocity v, and acceleration a, of a piston is
given by the equations:
s + 2v + 2a = 4
3s – v + 4a = 25
3s + 2v – a = 4

Solving System of linear equations by Cramer’s rule


The procedure for solving system of linear equations in two variables using Cramer’s is:
1. Write the equations in the form
a x+b y=c
a x+b y= c
2. Write the matrix equations corresponding to these equations,
a b c
= c
a b
3. x = and y =
a b c b a c
where D = , D = and D = a c
a b c b

Example (3)
3 −5 =7
Use Cramer’s rule to solve the system
6 − 10 = 14

Numerical Methods Lecture Notes AU 2020 Page 3


Note:
The procedure for solving system of linear equations in three variables using Cramer’s is:
1. Write the equations in the form
a x+b y+c z =d
a x+b y+c z= d
a x+b y+c z= d
2. Write the matrix equations corresponding to these equations,
a b c d
a b c = d
a b c d
3. x = , y= and z =
a b c d b c a d c a d c
where D = a b c ,D = d b c , D = a d c and D = a d c
a b c d b c a d c a d c

Example (4)
A d.c. circuit comprises three closed loops. Applying Kirchhoff’s laws to the closed loops gives
the following equations for current flow in milliamperes:
2I + 3I − 4I = 26
I − 5I − 3I = −87
7I + 2I + 6I = 12
Use Cramer’s rule to solve for I , I and I .

THE END

Numerical Methods Lecture Notes AU 2020 Page 4

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