Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Peking Opera (Xu, 2003)
Peking Opera (Xu, 2003)
Peking
C h i n a S e r i e s
Opera
Xu Chengbei
Translated by Chen Gengtao
图书在版编目(CIP)数据
中国京剧/徐城北著;陈耕涛译.—北京:
五洲传播出版社,2003.10
ISBN 7-5085-0256-6
中国京剧
著 者 徐城北
译 者 陈耕涛
责任编辑 张 宏
整体设计 海 洋
校 对 张行军
出版发行 五洲传播出版社(北京北三环中路 31 号 邮编 :100088)
设计制作 北京锦绣东方图文设计有限公司
承 印 者 北京华联印刷有限公司
版 次 2003 年 11 月第 1 版
印 次 2003 年 11 月第 1 次印刷
开 本 720×965 毫米 1/16
印 张 8.5
字 数 100 千字
书 号 ISBN 7-5085-0256-6/J·258
定 价 56.00 元
CONTENTS
37 Classic Plays
91 Forms of Performance
Beijing at night.
Photo by Zhao Dechun.
3
Farewell My Concubine, a movie that wins an award at an international film festival. The movie
has allowed many foreigners to know about Peking Opera. Photo shows film stars Gong Li (left),
Zhang Fengyi (center) and Leslie Cheung (right) playing roles in the film. Photo by courtesy of
China Film Archives.
Photo by Wang Miao.
Intriguing Facial Makeup
lianpu
jing chou
Jing chou
Intriguing Facial Makeup
Jinshan Temple
Jing
jing
chou
jing
jing
Third-year students of the China Opera School learn to paint
faces. Photo taken in 1964.
Pilgrimage
to the West
kunqu
Money Plays that Bustle with Noise and Excitement
11
Havoc in
12 Heaven nao tian gong Water-curtained Cave shui
lian dong ilgrimage to the West
gaoqiang
geyang
bangzi liuzi
kunqu
huabu
huabu Huabu
huabu
kunqu
huabu
huabu
huabu
P eking Opera
14
huabu
er huang
xi pi
er huang xi pi
jingqiang
qinqiang
hanxi
kunqu
Anhui Troupes and the Birth of Peking Opera
15
A three-storied
theatrical stage in
the Forbidden City
in Beijing. Photo by
Zhang Zhaoji.
Beijing in the early 20th
century.
Anhui Troupes and the Birth of Peking Opera
17
xiyuanzi xiyuanzi
xiyuanzi
xiyuanzi
xiyuanzi
xiyuanzi
Xiyuanzi
xiyuanzi
德胜门 安定门
西直门
东直门
xiyuanzi
内 城
皇 城
阜成门
朝阳门
紫禁城
天安门
西便门 东便门
正阳门
外 城
永定门 左安门
右安门
21
xiyuanzi
xiyuanzi
23
pingju quyi
A mural-depicting story of theatrical circles. The photo of the mural was taken during the Republic
of China period (1911-1949). Photo by courtesy of Mei Lanfang Museum.
The stage of the Xin Ming Grand Theater in Beijing in 1918. Photo by courtesy of Mei Lanfang
Museum.
The Stage and Props
shoujiu
Shoujiu
shoujiu
Stage setting. Photo by courtesy of Mei Lanfang Museum.
sheng jing
dan chou
dan
sheng
The Stage and Props
chou 27
sheng
dan jing chou
Sheng lao
sheng lao sheng
Lao sheng
32 xiao sheng
lao sheng
dan xiao sheng
xiao sheng
xiao sheng
xiao sheng
xiao sheng
xiao sheng
lao sheng
xiao sheng dan
Meng Xiaodong (1907-1977) won
great fame as an impersonator of lao
Sheng, in the 1920s. She played an
important role in winning a place for
xiao sheng
women performers on the Peking
Opera stage.
Dan
qing yi
hua dan
lao dan
Four Roles of Sheng,Dan, Jing and Chou
jing
jing
wen jing wu
jing jing
Chou
chou
chou
sheng dan
jing
Mei Lanfang in Drunken
Beauty. The master
impersonated Yang Yuhuan,
a typical hua shan. The
perfrmance was perfect in
both singing and action. Photo
by courtesy of Mei Lanfang
chou museum.
chou
lao sheng
lao sheng
lao sheng
35
Ye Shenglan, a top impersonator of xiao sheng, or young A female clown is usually played
man, performs with Du Jinfang, a famous dan (female role) by a man. This is a female clown
player. Photo taken in 1955. drawn by Zhang Jinliang.
dan
wen xi
wu xi
Wu xi
wu
sheng
wen xi wu xi
lao sheng
qing yi
P eking Opera
lao sheng
38 qing yi
wen xi wu xi
zhezi xi zhezi xi
zhezi
Zhezi xi
Qi Rushan, China’s most
important opera theorist in the
20th century, wrote more than
30 monographs on Peking
Opera. He wrote many of the
Peking Operas performed by
Mei Lanfang.
zhezi xi
wu xi
wu xi
A History of the Three Kingdoms
P eking Opera
40
zhezi xi
41
qing yi
qing yi
xiao sheng chou
P eking Opera
xi pi
44 Su San Sets out for Trial The Trial
dan
Sword Dance
45
The Embroidered
Pouch suo lin nang
47
lao sheng
48
lao sheng
lao
sheng
jing
jing wu sheng
wu sheng
wu sheng
50
sheng jing
chou
51
xiao sheng
sheng
52 dan
sheng
zhezi xi
A qing yi role.
Photo by Zhao Dechun.
sheng dan
Classic Plays
53
dan
Music and the Orchestra
xi pi er
huang Xi pi
Er huang
bang zi dan
xiao sheng si ping
gao bo zi qin qiang
kunqu
chui qiang
wen chang
Music and the Orchestra
55
jinghu
yueqin
pipa jinghu
jinghu
wu chang
wu chang
wu chang
56
kunqu
wen chang
jinghu erhu
yueqin
58
59
dan
P eking Opera
60
Dan
Acting
nian
61
sanban
yaoban
62
Dan
64
Chen Delin (1862-1930) was a grand dan actor of early era. Photo shows Chen with his students,
including Mei Lanfang. Photo by courtesy of Mei Lanfang Museum.
Nan Dan, or Men Playing Female Roles
65
dan
dan
kunqu
kunqu
P eking Opera
66
dan
dan
dan
dan
dan
Performers
and Performing Schools
P eking Opera
68
69
70
dan
jing
lao sheng
71
dan
xiao
sheng
Mei Lanfang (right) and his son Mei Baojiu playing on the same
xiao sheng
stage in Shanghai in 1950.
wu sheng
P eking Opera
72
73
dan dan
Generations of Famous Actors
75
wu sheng
wu sheng
76
77
sheng
dan At the sixtieth anniversary of
his stage life, Zhang Junqiu
xiao sheng
put on Grand Wedding in
the Enemy Camp (long feng
dan cheng xiang) together with
his family members. photo by
Wang Kexin.
lao sheng
P eking Opera
78
79
Cheng Yanqiu (left) and Yu Zhenfei performing on the same stage in the 1930s.
Mei Lanfang,
Famous Dan Impersonator
dan
The Marriage of the Fairy Princess tian xian pei
Romance of the Painted Building cai lou pei Yu Tang Chun the Courtesan
yu tang chun Mu’s Village Fortress mu ke zai
Upheaval
Mei Lanfang, Famous Dan Impersonator
dan
kunqu
P eking Opera
82
Mei Lanfang receiving French guests at his residence in Beijing. Photo by courtesy of Mei Lanfang
Museum.
The Maiden in Heaven Showering Flowers tian nu san hua Romance of the Jade
Hairpin yu zan ji
Farewell My Concubine ba
wang bie ji
erhu
jinghu
dan
Mei Lanfang, Famous Dan Impersonator
83
dan
Dan
84
86 ban zhu
ban zhu
wen
wu
Theatrical Companies and Old-style Opera Schools
jinghu
87
dan
88
89
dan
wu sheng
The music score of Story of the
Jade Hairpin (yu zan ji). Kept
by Wang Shucun.
keban
90
Theatre Performance
xiyuanzi
92
Tanghui, or Performance 93
at A Private Party
Tanghui
tanghui tanghui
tanghui
tanghui
tanghui
P eking Opera
94
tanghui
tanghui
95
tanghui tanghui
tanghui
tanghui
tanghui Tanghui
P eking Opera
96
tanghui
tanghui
tanghui
Amateur Performers
Forms of Performance
piaoyou Piaoyou
97
Piaoyou
Piaoyou
piaofang piaofang
piaofang
piaofang
P eking Opera
98
piaofang
piaofangs piaofang
piaoyou
100
Food stalls in a
Beijing street in the
1920s.
Old Beijing in Peking Opera’s Heyday
101
102
104
105
106
The Ba�le of Wits qun ying hui Borrowing the East Wind ie dong
feng the Huarong Pass hua rong dao Ganlu Monastery gan lu si
P eking Opera
108
Zhang Xuejin (second from left), a pupil of the Ma Lianliang Performing School, plays a role in a
lao sheng opera. Photo by Wang Kexin.
xigong
110
juehuo
qiaogong
hongniang
the M a i d s e r v a n t hong
niang
Women Generals of the Yang Family, a traditional Peking Opera.
“Realms” of Acting
P eking Opera
Eye expression is
112 most important in
Peking Opera. As
captured on film,
Mei Lanfang had 48
eye expressions.
Photo by courtesy
of Mei Lanfang
Museum.
Performers sometimes play roles outside their usual line. This requires great artistic attainment and
a wide scope of performing skills on the part of the performer. In the photo, Cheng Yanqiu plays
the usual dan role, whereas Shang Xiaoyun, also a dan role impersonator, plays a xiao sheng.
Conventions of Peking Opera
Conventions of Peking Opera
115
mang
kao zhe pi
yi
sheng
dan
jing chou
116
jing chou
Conventions of Peking Opera
117
kunqu
kunqu
Not Easy to Appreciate Peking Opera
119
120
122
Hu Jia
Zhuang Village hu jia zhuang Exchange of Blows in a Restaurant da dian The Battle
of Jinshan zhan jin shan The Maid in Heaven Showering Flowers tian nu san hua
Farewell My Concubine ba wang bie ji
Peking Opera
in the Contemporary Era
P eking Opera
124
Peking Opera in the Contemporary Era
125
126
Judge
Bao and his Sister-in-law Case of the Ungrateful
Husband’s Execution the
Baccae
Peking Opera in the Contemporary Era
127
128