UNITS OF MEMORY
Bit: A Bit is the smallest unit of data that a computer uses. It can be used to represent two states
of information, such as Yes or No.
Byte: A Byte is equal to 8 Bits. A Byte can represent 256 states of information, for example,
numbers or a combination of numbers and letters. 1 Byte could be equal to one character. 10 Bytes
could be equal to a word. 100 Bytes would equal an average sentence.
Kilobyte: A Kilobyte is approximately 1,000 Bytes, actually 1,024 Bytes depending on which
definition is used. 1 Kilobyte would be equal to this paragraph you are reading, whereas 100
Kilobytes would equal an entire page.
Megabyte: A Megabyte is approximately 1,000 Kilobytes. In the early days of computing, a
Megabyte was considered to be a large amount of data. These days with a 500 Gigabyte hard drive
on a computer being common, a Megabyte doesn't seem like much anymore. One of those old 3-1/2
inch floppy disks can hold 1.44 Megabytes or the equivalent of a small book. 100 Megabytes might
hold a couple volumes of Encyclopedias. 600 Megabytes is about the amount of data that will fit on
a CD-ROM disk.
Gigabyte: A Gigabyte is approximately 1,000 Megabytes. A Gigabyte is still a very common term
used these days when referring to disk space or drive storage. 1 Gigabyte of data is almost twice
the amount of data that a CD-ROM can hold. But it's about one thousand times the capacity of a 3-
1/2 floppy disk. 1 Gigabyte could hold the contents of about 10 yards of books on a shelf. 100
Gigabytes could hold the entire library floor of academic journals.
Terabyte: A Terabyte is approximately one trillion bytes, or 1,000 Gigabytes. There was a time
that I never thought I would see a 1 Terabyte hard drive, now one and two terabyte drives are the
normal specs for many new computers. To put it in some perspective, a Terabyte could hold about
3.6 million 300 Kilobyte images or maybe about 300 hours of good quality video. A Terabyte could
hold 1,000 copies of the Encyclopedia Britannica. Ten Terabytes could hold the printed collection of
the Library of Congress. That's a lot of data.
Petabyte: A Petabyte is approximately 1,000 Terabytes or one million Gigabytes. It's hard to
visualize what a Petabyte could hold. 1 Petabyte could hold approximately 20 million 4-door filing
cabinets full of text. It could hold 500 billion pages of standard printed text. It would take about 500
million floppy disks to store the same amount of data.
Exabyte: An Exabyte is approximately 1,000 Petabytes. Another way to look at it is that an
Exabyte is approximately one quintillion bytes or one billion Gigabytes. There is not much to
compare an Exabyte to. It has been said that 5 Exabytes would be equal to all of the words ever
spoken by mankind.
Zettabyte: A Zettabyte is approximately 1,000 Exabytes. There is nothing to compare a Zettabyte
to but to say that it would take a whole lot of ones and zeroes to fill it up.
Yottabyte: A Yottabyte is approximately 1,000 Zettabytes. It would take approximately 11 trillion
years to download a Yottabyte file from the Internet using high-power broadband. You can compare
it to the World Wide Web as the entire Internet almost takes up about a Yottabyte.
Brontobyte: A Brontobyte is (you guessed it) approximately 1,000 Yottabytes. The only thing
there is to say about a Brontobyte is that it is a 1 followed by 27 zeroes!
Geopbyte: A Geopbyte is about 1000 Brontobytes! Not sure why this term was created. I'm
doubting that anyone alive today will ever see a Geopbyte hard drive. One way of looking at a
geopbyte is 15267 6504600 2283229 4012496 7031205 376 bytes!
· 1 Bit = Binary Digit · 1 Bit = Binary Digit
· 8 Bits = 1 Byte · 8 Bits = 1 Byte
· 1024 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte · 1000 Bytes = 1 Kilobyte
· 1024 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte · 1000 Kilobytes = 1 Megabyte
· 1024 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte · 1000 Megabytes = 1 Gigabyte
· 1024 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte · 1000 Gigabytes = 1 Terabyte
· 1024 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte · 1000 Terabytes = 1 Petabyte
· 1024 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte · 1000 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte
· 1024 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte · 1000 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte
· 1024 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte · 1000 Zettabytes = 1 Yottabyte
· 1024 Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte · 1000 Yottabytes = 1 Brontobyte
· 1024 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte · 1000 Brontobytes = 1 Geopbyte
Booting: When we start our Computer then there is an operation which is performed
automatically by the Computer which is also called as Booting. In the Booting, System
will check all the hardware’s and Software’s those are installed or Attached with the
System and this will also load all the Files those are needed for running a system.
TYPES OF BOOTING
Warm Booting: when the System Starts from the Starting or from initial State Means
when we Starts our System this is called as warm Booting. In the Warm Booting the
System will be Started from its beginning State means first of all, the user will press the
Power Button , then this will read all the instructions from the ROM and the Operating
System will b Automatically gets loaded into the System.
Cold Booting : The Cold Booting is that in which System Automatically Starts when we
are Running the System, For Example due to Light Fluctuation the system will
Automatically Restarts So that in this Chances Damaging of system are More. and the
System will no be start from its initial State So May Some Files will b Damaged because
they are not Properly Stored into the System.
