TEXT - Unicode is a 16 bit code which can represent 65,536

characters (2^16)
- Most text files store their text using the ASCII coding • Enough for any language character set
scheme • Useful in international business documents
“Isang character may equivalent na interpretation para sa computer - Unicode helps with the localization of software
maintindihan niya information. When we code or type something for • Localization – it is a standard form or a fixed form
the computer to understand we don’t type the literal characters like of a software
“A or 1” we use the ascii code for the computers can recognize what
text or information are we looking for”
DIFFERENCE BETWEENN ASCII AND UNICODE:
- ASCII stands for American Standard Code for
- ASCII uses an 8 bit encoding while unicode uses a variable
information Interchange
bit encoding
Standards – it is use for universal aspect
- Unicode is standardized while ASCII isn’t
- Each character is translated into 7 bits - Unicode represents most written languages in the world
while ASCII does not
- The ASCII character set can contain at most 2^7
- ASCII has its equivalent within unicode
characters (128 symbols)
• All characters available in ASCII are included
- Limited or not enough for many languages since it just
in UNICODE, but not all characters in
covered the 128 symbols
UNICODE are covered by ASCII
GRAPHICS
ASCII CODE TABLE
- Digital photos are stored as bitmap images
- the picture is represented by pixels (square dots)
- pixel – picture elements
- each pixel has a single colour

- We need to addressed the compatibility issus of this

software and in operating system, but in general, it is
important for us to know this information because of
its resources, memory, and its range.
- In bit depth it represents kung ilang colors ang
puwedeng gamitin sa tool.

ANSI: EXTENDED ASCII

- American National Standards Institute

- The NASI code used 8 bits to represent the charaacter
• Can code 256 letter or symbols 2^8
• Better for many European and Asian
languages

BLACK AND WHITE GRAPHICS

UNICODE
- The simplest bitmap images only uses black and white
“When you type something to be rich text or unicode kapag sinabing • Each pixel is coloured black or white
rich text you could change the format but in unicode you cannot • Called monochrome graphics
change the format and you can’t stylized the text” - A pixel can be stored as ‘0’ Black or ‘1’ White in the
graphics
 • So each pixel needs 1 bit of memory (isa lang *Images or photographs it should be RGB since if you want
naman value which is black or white) to publish it for viewing purposes

*CMYK meant for printing because limited yung colors na

mayroon ang printer

IMAGES

VECTOR vs. BITMAPS

GRAYSCALE GRAHICS
- in bitmap you can use the word “realistic” taken from
- A grayscale graphics is a bitmap using shades of gray any device such as camera, phone, etc.
• E.g 256 shades of gray - Vector are made for mathematical computations so
- Each pixel can be wite, black, or one of 254 shades of therefor they uses shapes in any form or lines. Vector
gray. is not realistic it is more of illustration and cartoonish
• 256 is 2^8, so each pixel requires 8 bits of effect when uses for presentation for graphic
information - Bitmap is measured by pixel; vector is measured by
- Grayscale files are bigger than monochrome files mathematical
since we talk about the 256 - Kapag nag open ka ng file ng picture sa photoshop
that is vector, but when you copy and paste on that
file that is raster.
COLOUR GRAPHICS
- Kapag nag smart object siya that is vector, but if it is
- Colour images can use 16, 256, 65, 536, or 16.7 million in jpeg file that’s raster
colours - When scaling up or down images nagiging pixelated
- More colours needs more bits for each pixel siya because raster yung image
• 16 colours = 2^4 = 4 bits needed for each
pixel
REDUCING THE SIZE
• 16.7M colours = 2^24 = 24 bits needed for
each pixel Three techniques:
- Graphics files with full clour can get big
• Editing the image (shrinking or cropping)
- Colour graphics are way more detailed compared to
• Compressing the full image
graysccale
• Dithering – use groups of pixels composed of two or
more colors to produce the illusion of extra colours
- Puwede gamitin by changing the mode of your
colors
- For example you want to work in 32 bit and sinave
mo sia as jpeg tapos inopen mo ulit and you want to
change it in 8 bit okay lang ‘yon
*removing some other colors since chinachange niya into
available image color etc.

- Mas mabigat yung 5 layers kaysa sa 1 layer lang. If you

want to save resources you have to find out the layers
na issave mo na-e-edit mo.
- If I am going to print brochures, anong resolution
dapat 72dpi or 300dpi? Answer: 300 since malapitan
mo titignan yung product.
- If im going to create an avatar profile for my FB, ano
ang recommended resolution? Answer: 72
- If Im going to design a building size tarpaulin, anong
resolution dapat 72 or 300? Answer: mid 72 since
malayuan naman yung pag-view kahit na pixelated na
yung image. 8, 12, 14 vs 16 BIT DEPTH

- Bit Depth – determines the smallest changes you can

IMAGE FILE FORMATS make, relative to some range of values.
- A single bit has 2 possible values, 0 or 1. When you
- Common bitmap formats are .bmp, .pcx
combine 2 bits, then you can have four possible
- For line drawings, with few colours, save the file as a
values (00, 01, 10, and 11). When you combine 3 bits,
GIF image (file ends with .gif)
you can have eight possible values (000, 001, 010,
- For photos, with lots of colours, use the JPG (JPEG)
011, 100, 101, 110, and 111). And so on. In general,
format (file ends with .jpg)
the number of possible choices is 2 raised to the
number of bits. So “8-bit” = 28 = 256 possible integer
values. In Photoshop, this is represented as integers
0-255 (internally, this is binary 00000000-11111111
to the computer).

- 0-225 the value is 256 since counted pa rin ‘0’