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User Requirements Analysis For Digital Library Application Using Quality Function
Deployment.
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IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 818 (2017) 012004 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/818/1/012004
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User Requirements Analysis For Digital Library Application
Using Quality Function Deployment.
Lily Wulandari1) , Lana Sularto2), Tristyanti Yusnitasari3), Diana Ikasari4)
1,3,4
Faculty of Computer Science, Gunadarma University
2
Faculty of Economics, Gunadarma University
Email : lily@staff.gunadarma.ac.id, lana@staff.gunadarma.ac.id,
tyusnita@staff.gunadarma.ac.id, d_ikasari@staff.gunadarma.ac.id
Abstract
This study attemp to build Smart Digital Library to be used by the wider community wherever
they are. The system is built in the form of Smart Digital Library portal which uses semantic
similarity method (Semantic Similarity) to search journals, articles or books by title or author
name. This method is also used to determine the recommended books to be read by visitors of
Smart Digital Library based on testimony from a previous reader automatically. Steps being
taken in the development of Smart Digital Library system is the analysis phase, design phase,
testing and implementation phase. At this stage of the analysis using WebQual for the
preparation of the instruments to be distributed to the respondents and the data obtained from
the respondents will be processed using Quality Function Deployment. In the analysis phase
has the purpose of identifying consumer needs and technical requirements. The analysis was
performed to a digital library on the web digital library Gunadarma University, Bogor Institute
of Agriculture, University of Indonesia, etc. The questionnaire was distributed to 200
respondents. The research methodology begins with the collection of user requirements and
analyse it using QFD. Application design is funded by the government through a program of
Featured Universities Research by the Directorate General of Higher Education (DIKTI).
Conclusions from this research are identified which include the Consumer Requirements of
digital library application. The elements of the consumers requirements consists of 13 elements
and 25 elements of Engineering Characteristics digital library requirements. Therefore the
design of digital library applications that will be built, is designed according to the findings by
eliminating features that are not needed by restaurant based on QFD House of Quality.
Keywords: systems analysis, applications design, smart digital library, quality function deployment.
1. Introduction
The main activity of the digital library is a data search resources in the form of books, journals or
articles that represented by the title of each of these resources. When the authors determine the choice
of terminology which represents the title is very influenced by the background knowledge and ability.
Differences in knowledge and ability results in choosing terminology for titles of books, journals and
articles that represent the contents of these writings. The use of different terminology does not mean
that the contents of books, journals or articles are very different. This is because the two terms are
semantically similar (have the same meaning) although lexically different. Therefore, the search
method classic library of digital resources (keyword matching search-based) will fail to find resources
that are semantically similar but lexically different. This failure is characterized by the irrelevance of
the search results. This is exacerbated by the fact that the submitted query does not fairly represent the
resource that people wants to find. Usually done by doing query repeatedly by changing the form of
selection query terminology. The search method of digital library resources that can be automatically
enriched by exploiting the semantic heterogeneity is very important to identify the terminology and
broaden the search results. Some search techniques have been developed, such as full text search,
metadata search, and search with semantic networks. Based on observations made on several digital
library sites, search by title has not been made using techniques that based on common semantics
search, using common semantics technique search will results of the scope of data will be obtained
Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution
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Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd 1
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IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 818 (2017) 012004 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/818/1/012004
wider, if using keyword based technique, to get the information it must be made multiple times query,
because of the book's title can be expressed in terms that were different despite having a similarity of
meaning. Examples of search with the keyword "Programming" actually has in common with the word
"Coding" or "Making Program Code". So the search by considering the semantic can save queries
made with a lot of or extensive data coverage.
In addition to standard digital library research facility, this research also trying to add a new function
which is actually a function already exists in the online book store that is book recommendations.
People can not see a good book based on the title of the book, sometimes the titles do not talk about
the contents of the book. Testimony is included in the opinion mining or sentiment analysis, which is a
process of understanding, extract and process the textual data automatically to get the sentiment of
information contained in an opinion sentence. Turney research in 2002, namely the opinion mining by
using data contains consumer reviews data on a product. The method used in this study is the semantic
orientations using pointwise Mutual Information (SO-PMI)[17]. Sentiment analysis is a combination
of text mining and natural processing. Several methods that can be used to solve the problem of
opinion mining is Naive Bayes classifier (NBC). NBC used to classify the opinions into positive
opinions and negative opinions. Another method that can be used is KNN Clustering, NN, KMean,
and Support Vector Machine (SVM) Clustering. Usually the book will be a best seller after people
read later testified against the book. Testimonials will give rise to the interest to read the book if the
result is well worth the testimony or recommend that the book is a good read. In general
recommendation made by testimonials for books or other products in the online or digital media
library is only done by selecting from a few words that represent the testimony of each user or reader.
Such conditions can not give users flexibility in expressing his opinion on a book or any other product
as testimonials that do generally, which is a sentence not a word choice. The difficulty in measuring
the ranking of a book based on testimony is the diversity of representation at the time of making the
testimony by users even though the meaning of the testimony has the same meaning.
Ranking can also be done on the website of the hotel, resort, tourist attractions and others. Such
websites usually provide features to provide recommendations on product reviews or just consumer
reviews. As examples of websites that have the product review is www.amazon.com,
www.download.com, www.yelp.com, Website yelp.com has a feature for users to give testimony to
the product and then to a ranking done by giving a checklist on the asterisk, and its website
amazon.com just to give you a checklist on the asterisk by it can not be known whether the product is
the result of reading a book is good or bad. In this case it can be said that the lack of response or
comment from the user, it could be when the user clicks or to cite a book, the book turned out to be not
in accordance with what is expected or desired. Measurement rankings based on testimony can be
done manually by a reviewer read testimonials. then classify it after that do the rankings, but this
process requires substantial time, is expected to have a tool to automatically measure the rank of books
or other products based on such testimony. Making a Smart Digital Library is expected to be very
useful for readers to search information, where Smart Digital Library contains a title search based on
common semantics (semantic similarity) and advice books are widely read by testimonials from
readers of the book is done by looking at the similarities semantics.
Sample data for ranking the books based on testimonies by similarity semantic taken from a catalog of
books on the website and also the physical book. For the analysis of digital library using the digital
library websites Gunadarma University, Diponegoro University, University of Indonesia, Bogor
Agriculture Institute and the Institute of Technology Surabaya. In some existing digital library on the
websites of the digital library is still no automation on his widely read book recommendations based
on testimonials from readers of the book is done by looking at the semantic similarity. So that needs to
be developed Smart Digital Library using semantic similarity to his widely read book
recommendations so that referrals can be more free in expressing their views through a series of words
2
2016 Congress on Industrial and Applied Life Sciences & Mathematics (Nature-Math 2016) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 818 (2017) 012004 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/818/1/012004
forming testimony. Early stage to find out that the need for a recommendation based on testimony is
by distributing questionnaires. Questionnaire deployment was conducted to see the user needs of the
features that will be developed at this Smart Digital Library. Preparation of the questionnaire using
WebQual and results of data processing using QFD.
2. Research objectives
Based on the issues raised, the purpose of this study is as follows:
1. To identify Consumer Requirements and Technical Requirements that are part of the Quality
Function Deployment analysis as applied to Digital Library websites Gunadarma University,
Diponegoro University, University of Indonesia, Bogor Agriculture Institute and the Institute of
Technology Surabaya.
2. To find out what are the attributes that still require attention based on Quality Function Deployment
analysis which has to be used and need to be eliminated in order to obtain a Digital Library
applications that suit the needs of the user.
3. Literature review
3.1 Digital Library
Understanding digital libraries or Digital Library there are various opinions. Among that opinion is: as
said by Hasibuan [1], a digital library or a digital library system is the concept of using the internet and
information technology in library management. Meanwhile, according to Fahmi [2] says that the
digital library is a system that consists of hardware (hardware) and software (software), strongly
tipped electronic, management staff, users, organizations, working mechanism, as well as services by
utilizing various types of information technology, Digital libraries can be grouped into several types as
follows:
1. Early digital libraries
2. Digital libraries of institusional publication
3. Digital libraries developments at national libraries
4. Digital libraries at Universities
5. Digital libraries of special materials
6. Digital libraries as research project
7. Digital libraries as Hybrid library project [3]
Based on the definitions above that the digital library has basically 3 main characteristics as reviewed
[4], namely:
1. Using technology that integrates the ability to create, find, and use information in various
forms in a widespread network.
2. It has a collection that includes the data and metadata that mutual linking of data, both internal
and external environment.
3. Is an activity to collect and organize digital resources developed together community service
users to meet the information needs them.For the digital library is an integration of various
institutions that select, collect, process, maintain, and provide information extends to various
communities.
Some Reasons of the importance of digital libraries as follows:
1. A digital Library bring information to the user
The digital library can be accessed anywhere. Digital libraries that deliver or bring the information
to users whenever they need.
2. Improved searching and manipulation of information
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2016 Congress on Industrial and Applied Life Sciences & Mathematics (Nature-Math 2016) IOP Publishing
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The digital library offers a variety of ways of search and retrieval by providing electronic data
bases making it easier for users to access information.
3. Improved facilities for information sharing
With digital collections, libraries provide convenience facilities for sharing information between
users and between libraries. The digital library also opens opportunities and paves the way for
cooperation with other libraries.
4. Timely access to information
The digital library help users get the latest information. The digital library allows to easily access
informasiberseri (periodical colection) with digital publishing.
5. Improved use of information
The digital library no longer restricted by time, place, language, and culture, so it's easier use of the
information. Diverse information from various parts of the world with different languages and
different cultures facilitate search.
6. Improved collaboration
Research at the University of California shows that the digital library facilities capable of
improving cooperation among users. This process will improve the dissemination and use of
information.
7. Reduction of the digital divide
The presence of the Internet in the world have raised their gab / gap among nations
in the world in terms of infrastructure, facilities and resources. The presence of a digital library that
can minimize the gap. [3].
Some of the gains of digitalization is one of them is the speed sourcing. Library library should
integrate the concept pencarian.Sehubungan with that libraries should take notice 6 (six) of the
agreement as reviewed by Tedd and Large [4], namely:
1. Tecnical interoperability (technical agreements), the similarity in the use of procedures and
mechanisms of hardware, software, communication protocols, transport of data, procedures
for storage and indexing, and others.
2. Semantic interoperability (semantic agreement), the standard use of the term in
indexing and retrieval.
3. Political / human interoperability (political agreement): the decision to share together and
cooperate.
4. Intercomunity interoperability (agreement among the community of users): an agreement to
assemble between institutions and diverse disciplines.
5. Legal interoperability (legal agreement) legislation on access to digital collections, including
the matter of intellectual property rights.
6. International interoperability (International Agreements) standard that allows
international cooperation, the possibility of other state agencies have the specifications,
procedures, technical and legal. [5].
3.2 Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) was first developed in Japan in 1966 by Dr. Yoji Akao.
Definition of QFD itself according to Dr. Yoji Akao is a method for transforming a request from the
user into a quality design for spreading „function forming quality‟ and deploy methods for achieving
the design quality into the system, component parts, and the specific elements in the manufacturing
process. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a systematic approach that determines the demand or
consumer demand then accurately translate these demands into technical, manufacturing, and
production planning right. With QFD, the company's operations is driven by the „voice of the
customer‟ and not by management commands or opinion / wishes of the experts. The use of QFD
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2016 Congress on Industrial and Applied Life Sciences & Mathematics (Nature-Math 2016) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 818 (2017) 012004 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/818/1/012004
focuses on the major causes of satisfaction as well as customer dissatisfaction, making it a useful tool
for competitive analysis of product quality by management.
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a method of planning and development of products/services in
a structured way that allows the development team clearly define needs and expectations and to
evaluate the ability of a product or service in a systematic way to meet the needs and expectations [6].
QFD is a structured process or mechanism for determining customer needs and translating those needs
into relevant technical requirements, which each functional area and level of the organization can
understand and act [7]. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a method of planning and development
in a structured way that allows the development team clearly define customer needs and expectations,
and evaluating the ability of a product or service in a systematic way to meet the needs and
expectations [8]. QFD is used to improve understanding of the customer and to develop products,
services and processes in a way that is more oriented to the customer [9].
Based on the above definition, it can be concluded that the practice of QFD is to design a process in
response to customer needs. QFD translate what the customer needs into what is produced by the
organization. QFD enables organizations to prioritize the needs of customers, finding innovative
responses to those needs and improve processes to achieve maximum effectiveness. QFD is also a
leading practice process improvements that can enable organizations to exceed customer expectations.
By definition, QFD is a practice to design a process in response to customer needs. QFD translates
what the customer needs to be what the resulting organization. QFD enables organizations to prioritize
the needs of customers, finding innovative responses to those needs, and improve processes to achieve
maximum effectiveness. QFD is also a leading practice process improvements that can enable
organizations to exceed customer expectations. The purpose of QFD themselves as much as possible
not only meet customer expectations, but also to go beyond customer expectations as a way to
compete, so expect consumers do not resist and did not complain but instead want it.
The main tool of QFD is a matrix [10], where the results achieved through the use of inter-
departmental or functional teams to collect, Interpret, document and prioritize customer needs. The
starting point (starting point) QFD is a customer and the wishes and needs of customers. In QFD this
is called the "voice of the customer" (voice of the customer). QFD is the job of the team heard the
voice of the customer. There are three main benefits obtained by the company when using QFD that is:
1. Reduce Costs: This can happen because the products are produced strictly according to customer
needs and expectations of consumers so that there is no repetition of work and disposal of raw
materials that do not conform to the specifications set by the consumer. Cost reduction can be
achieved by a reduction in the purchase cost of raw materials, overheads or wage reduction and
simplification of the production process. 2. Increase Revenue: With cost reductions, for the results that
we receive will be increased. By QFD products or services produced will be better able to meet
customer needs and expectations. 3. Reduce Production Time: QFD will make the product or service
development team to focus on program development needs and expectations of consumers [8].
Other benefits derived from the application of this QFD also includes [11]:
a. Focus on the customer (Customer focused) is to get
input and feedback from customers regarding the needs and expectations of customers. This is
important, because the performance of an organization can not be separated from customers.
b. Efficient time (Time Efficient), by applying QFD, the
development program will focus on the expectations and needs of customers.
c. Orientation cooperation (Cooperations Oriented), QFD
using a group-oriented approach. All decisions are based on consensus and the involvement of
everyone in the discussion and decision-making.
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2016 Congress on Industrial and Applied Life Sciences & Mathematics (Nature-Math 2016) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 818 (2017) 012004 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/818/1/012004
d. Orientation in the documentation (Documentation
Oriented), QFD using data and documentation that shows the process of getting all the needs and
expectations of customers. Data and documentation is used as information about the needs and
expectations of customers are always repaired from time to time.
4.Methods
4.1 Research Design
This research is a case study, namely a depth and contextual analysis of the situation similar in other
organizations, where the nature and definition of the problem that occurs is similar to that experienced
in the current situation [12]. The data source preformance this study are derived from primary data and
secondary data. In the analysis phase of the digital library web sites of data obtained from a digital
library the University of Diponegoro (Diponegoro University), University of Indonesia (UI), Bogor
Institute of Agriculture, etc.
4.2. Population, sample and sampling technique.
4.2.1. Population
The population is the entire group of people, events, things or objects of interest of researchers who
want to investigate [12]. The population in this study is a digital library or digital library.
4.2.2. Sample
The sample is a portion of the population who want to study their characteristics and can be
considered representative of the overall population [12]. The sample in this study is part of a digital
library on the university digital library among which; library.gunadarma.ac.id, digilib.its.ac.id,
digilib.unm.ac.id, digilib.uns.ac.id, digilib.unair.ac.id, digilib.ub.ac.id, digilib.unimed.ac.id,
digilib.mercubuana.ac.id, lain-lain.
1.2.3. Sampling techniques
The sampling technique used in this study is simple random sampling. The sample size for this study
is estimated at approximately 200 respondents by reason of the determination of the amount based on
the opinions [13], that the sampling for the population that is not infinite and the unknown can be
taken a sample of 100 people assuming normally distributed population. The total sample of 200 is
reinforced by the opinions of Roscoe [12] which states that the number of samples is greater than 30
and less than 500 in most research is represented. Sampling was conducted using questionnaires
distributed to users of digital libraries by simple random sampling. This study tries to analyze the
quality of service Website Digital Library in order to determine the difference between the actual
perception and ideal expectations as measured by the website users WebQual method approach.
Instruments prepared by modifying and adding dimension to the three main dimensions, namely
WebQual Information Quality, Service Interaction and Usability.
4.2.4. Data analysis methods
4.2.4.1. Descriptive analysis
Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine and be able to explain the characteristics of the
variables examined in a situation or to understand the characteristics of organizations that follow
certain common practices [12]. The purpose of this analysis is to give researchers a history or to
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2016 Congress on Industrial and Applied Life Sciences & Mathematics (Nature-Math 2016) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 818 (2017) 012004 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/818/1/012004
describe aspects that are relevant to the phenomenon of attention from the perspective of a person,
organization, industry orientation, or other [12]. The descriptive analysis in this study is to describe the
results of research on the design of smart digital library website which is the processing of the
respondents using a questionnaire.
4.2.4.2. Quality Function Deployment analysis
Quality function deployment (QFD) is an important tool in product planning and development. It helps
improve customer satisfaction and shortening product development lifecycle. Due to the fact that QFD
is a team tool and assists group process, geographically distributed team members pose a challenging
issue on the common practice and usage of QFD [14]. Quality Function Deployment is defined as a
structured methodology that is used in the design and development of products to establish
specification needs and desires of consumers, and systematically evaluate the capabilities of the
product or service to meet the needs and desires of consumers [15]. Quality Function Deployment
using matrix-shaped House of Quality, which is used to describe the needs and expectations of
consumers and the company's technical ability to design and produce goods or services according to
customer desires. Data were collected both primary and secondary processed through the following
stages [16]:
5. Discussion
5.1. Characteristics of respondents
Based on the results of the questionnaire obtained distribution is the Library's digital information
search by author, showed that 93% of respondents said require a search feature based on the author's
name, while the remaining 7% did not need these features.
From the results of the questionnaire, it was found that respondents who need a search feature
information by year published the book as much as 80% of respondents, while the remaining 20% do
not need these features.
Comparisons between respondents who need a search feature information based on semantic
similarity more requiring as many as 83% of respondents stated need, while the remaining
17% did not require a search feature information based on semantic similarity.
From the results of the questionnaire, it was found that respondents who need a feature space to give
testimony, many of which require as many as 67% , while the remaining 33% do not need these
features.
Comparisons between respondents who require features that provide information on the rating
guide so that users know a good book to read based on the ranking of results than if the data
shows that more that require as many as 60% of respondents stated need, while the remaining
40% do not need these features.
5.2. Analysis of the Quality Function Deployment House of Quality
Analysis of the Quality Function Deployment House of Quality has been done and has been through
the stages as described in the research methodology, which is the stage of determining the attributes of
a product by compiling product attributes based on priority (measured by assigning weights interests)
that reflect the things that expected by the consumer / user of the product.
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2016 Congress on Industrial and Applied Life Sciences & Mathematics (Nature-Math 2016) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 818 (2017) 012004 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/818/1/012004
Analysis of Quality Function Deployment with the House of Quality that has been done has been
through stages, ie the stage of determining product attributes by arranging product attributes based on
priority (measured by assigning weights interest) which reflects the things expected by consumer /
user of the product. Phase Project Objective conducted with due regard to the comparison of data
performance and relatives importance index (weight factor) of product attributes; then we will be able
to see opportunities improvements that can be done and set it as a goal to be met in the product design
modification project (project objective). The results of the three stages can be seen in Table 1.
The next stage after the calculations obtained from table 1 is the stage of Engineering Characteristics
(Technical Parameters). The next stage is the stage of Interaction Matrix that is the core of QFD. This
stage is done by connecting the product attributes with their technical parameters. Such relations may
be evaluated for each cell matrix, what kind of relationships that happen: a strong-strong (strong),
weak (weak) or nothing to do. Results of phase Interaction Matrix can be seen in Table 2. The purpose
of QFD is to measure what variables need to be built because of flaws in the digital library were
observed and the results of questionnaires QFD which the user states require that its value is below 1.
Based on calculations of the Matrix Interaction phase, it can be seen that there is a technical
characteristic that has a value of priority in under 1 to be developed for the needs of the user.
Table 1. Product attributes, product evaluation (process benchmarking) and the stage of the project
objective
Questionnaire Target Imp.rate RII Weight Weight(%)
Digital Library for completeness catalog 4 5 1,25 5 6,25 8
Digital Library for Accurate Information 4 5 1,25 5 6,25 8
Digital Library for timely information 4 5 1,25 4 5 7
Digital Library for information by category in the catalog 4 5 1,25 4 5 7
Digital Library to search menu information (books /
articles / journals) 4 5 1,25 5 6,25 8
Digital Library to search by author 2 5 2,5 2 5 7
Digital Library to search by year of publication 1 5 5 2 10 14
Digital Library to search for information (books / articles
/ journals) by keyword 4 5 1,25 4 5 7
Digital Library to search for information (books / articles
/ journals) based on common sense 1 5 5 1 5 7
Digital Library for space opinion / testimony 1 5 5 1 5 7
Digital Library for ranking information of the book based
on testimony 1 5 5 1 5 7
Digital Library for ranking information of the book based
on testimony Digital Library to download (books /
articles / journals) 4 5 1,25 4 5 7
Digital Library to print (books / articles / journals) 4 5 1,25 4 5 7
The Interaction Matrix phase can be seen in the following :
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2016 Congress on Industrial and Applied Life Sciences & Mathematics (Nature-Math 2016) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 818 (2017) 012004 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/818/1/012004
Figure 2. Interaction Matrix
Results of Interaction Matrix phase can be seen in the following table 2.
Table 2. Interaction Matrix Result
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2016 Congress on Industrial and Applied Life Sciences & Mathematics (Nature-Math 2016) IOP Publishing
IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 818 (2017) 012004 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/818/1/012004
Based on the calculation of the Matrix Interaction phase, obtained the technical characteristics that
have priority values below 1 to be developed for the needs of users, namely; Search by author, search
by similarity of meaning, space Opinion / Testimonials, rating books based on testimony,
Recommended Books / articles / journals, information is the latest book, Menu for download (books /
articles / journals), Menu to print (books / articles / journal).
6.Conclusions
6.1. The results of data processing using the Quality Function Deployment method has identified
Consumer requirements including the need for a digital library. element of consumer needs
consist of feature information search by title, name pegarang, and year by considering the
similarity of meaning / semantics, room features opinions / testimonials, features books rankings
based on the testimony.
6.2. Based on the results of data processing at the Technical Requirements (House of Quality matrix
calculation). Stage which is part of Quality Function Deployment analysis, found that there are
some design features digital library is not important according to the respondents. Digital design
library is designed to be built according to the findings by eliminating features that are not
required by the user.
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