Technical Vocational

Livelihood 11
Shielded Metal Arc Welding

Quarter
Self-Learning Module 15
TITLE: WELD CARBON STEEL PLATES IN FLAT POSITION (1F) PART 3
Writer: Rubener P. Tacsay
Reviewer: Orlando A. Joven Jr (Validator)
Emmanuel B. Penetrante (Technical)
 EXPECTATIONS

At the end of this module, the learners will be able to

PRETEST

Directions: Identify the different weld defect base on the height of reinforcement

Write the letter of the correct answer in the space before the number.

___________1. This is the amount of a groove weld which extends beyond the surface of the plate.
a. Defects
b. Excessive Reinforcement
c. Reinforcement
d. Root concavity
_______________2. This is specifically defined by the standard. Typically, reinforcement should be
flush to 1/16” (pipe) or Flush to 1/8” (plate r structural shapes
a. Concavity or convexity
b. Excessive Reinforcement
c. Reinforcement
d. Root concavity
_______________3. A fillet weld exceeding specific limits it is Cause by Too high amperage and travel
speed to prevent this you must observe proper parameters and techniques.
a. Concavity or convexity
b. Excessive Reinforcement
c. Reinforcement
d. Root concavity
_______________4. This is caused by shrinkage of the weld pool in the through-thickness
direction of the weld.
a. Concavity or convexity
b. Excessive Reinforcement
c. Reinforcement
d. Root concavity
___________5. A flaw or flaws that by nature or accumulated effect render a part or
product unable to meet minimum applicable acceptance standards or specifications.
The term designates reject ability.
 a. Defects
b. Excessive Reinforcement
c. Reinforcement
d. Root concavity

RECAP
Directions: Make a short essay regarding height of Reinforcement, how this factor
contributes to weld defects? Please elaborate your answer.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________

LESSON

Types of Welding Defects

Now that you know how to reveal welding defects, we’re going to learn to identify
what kind of weld defect we are dealing with. Each has its own characteristics and
needs a different approach to repair.

Porosity
What it looks like

Porosity is the presence of cavities within the weld metal. The forms it takes can be:
• distributed porosity
• surface-breaking pores
• wormhole
• crater pipes
What it can cause
Porosity causes reduced strength and failures in some cases due to fatigue.
What causes it
Among the possible causes of porosity in welding we can include:
• Substances in the surface including moisture, grease, oil and surface
contamination in general.
• Poor gas shielding originated from Nitrogen and oxygen absorption in the weld
pool.
• Surface coatings. As the welding process takes place, large amounts of fumes
may get trapped.
How to repair it
Remove porosity with an angle grinder, using the right wheel attached. For explosive
environments, we recommend using a non-sparking disc.

Undercut
What it looks like

An undercut is a grove left in the base metal unfilled by filler weld metal during
fusion. It happens along the toe lines of a weld. This is easily noticeable in the joint
design at hand.
What it can cause
Fatigue crack propagation and failure.
What causes it
This is clearly a welding technique issue. If the temperature is too hot near the free
edges, parent metal of previous weld metal particularly near thinner and free edges.
It can also be caused by erratic movements, electrode error, holding too long an arc,
arc blow, or not pausing long enough on the toes of the weld.
How to repair it
You need to remove the weld seam with a grinding wheel. Once removed, you can
start over.

UNDERFILL-When the weld metal surface remains below the adjacent surface of the
base metal then it is called an underfill. Basically, Underfill is undersized welding
UNDERFILL
 ACTIVITIES

ACTIVITY NO 1. Search and watch You Tube video about performing welding
carbon plate welding in flat position (1F position.)
Make a short Self-made Video (maximum of 5 minutes)
perform weld carbon plate in flat position (1F) by following the step-by-step
procedure in welding. always consider observing weld capping/ final pass not
exceeding allowable tolerances specified by welding codes/ standards on underfill,
porosities, undercut.

WRAP–UP
Performing Tack Weld in Flat Position
Use the checklist below as basis for judging whether you meet the required
competency. Check if the weld did not exceed in allowable tolerance specified by
welding code/ standards.
Performance Indicators YES NO
Undercut
Under fill
Porosities
undercut
Note: Have learners assess their performance. For criteria needing assistance, provide the appropriate
intervention.

VALUING
Based on your own experience, what set welding ampere suited for your
welding job? Why? Please elaborate.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
 POSTTEST
Direction: Identify the following weld defect. Write the letter of your answer on the
space before the number.

__________1. This is when the weld metal surface remains below the adjacent surface
of the base metal.
a. Burn through.
b. convexity
c. Underfill
d. Porosity
___________2. This is the presence of cavities within the weld metal. The forms it takes
can be, surface-breaking pores, wormhole, crater pipes
a. Burn through.
b. convexity
c. Underfill
d. Porosity

_____________3. This is a grove left in the base metal unfilled by filler weld metal
during fusion. It happens along the toe lines of a weld. This is easily noticeable in
the joint design at hand
a. Burn through.
b. convexity
c. Underfill
d. Porosity
______________4. This is clearly a welding technique issue. If the temperature is too
hot near the free edges, parent metal of previous weld metal particularly near thinner
and free edges. It can also be caused by erratic movements, electrode error, holding
too long an arc, arc blow, or not pausing long enough on the toes of the weld.
a. Burn-through.
b. convexity
c. Underfill
d. Surface coating
______________5. As the welding process takes place, large amounts of fumes may get
trapped.
a. Porosity
b. Underfill
c. Underfill
d. Surface coating
 KEY TO CORRECTION
5.D
4.A 4. 4F
3.C 3. 3F
2.D 2. 2F
1.C 1. 1F
POST TEST PRETEST

References
Government of the Philippines. DepEd-NCR Shielded Metal Arc Welding Module 1
series 2019
WeldGuru.com. 2020. Accessed June, 2020. https://weldguru.com/oxy-fuel-
cutting/