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Log and Exp Function

1. The document discusses differentiation of inverse trigonometric functions and finding derivatives of various logarithmic and exponential functions. It provides examples of finding the derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions like sin-1(√(1-x2)) and tan-1(sin-1(x)). 2. The document also covers properties of logarithmic functions, including the base change property and rules for differentiation. Examples are given of finding the domain of logarithmic functions and determining whether limits exist for various logarithmic and exponential expressions. 3. Methods are presented for relating the derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions using properties like d/dx(lnx) = 1/x, d/dx(ex)

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Aparjan Patrika
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57 views5 pages

Log and Exp Function

1. The document discusses differentiation of inverse trigonometric functions and finding derivatives of various logarithmic and exponential functions. It provides examples of finding the derivatives of inverse trigonometric functions like sin-1(√(1-x2)) and tan-1(sin-1(x)). 2. The document also covers properties of logarithmic functions, including the base change property and rules for differentiation. Examples are given of finding the domain of logarithmic functions and determining whether limits exist for various logarithmic and exponential expressions. 3. Methods are presented for relating the derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions using properties like d/dx(lnx) = 1/x, d/dx(ex)

Uploaded by

Aparjan Patrika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Differentiation of inverse trigonometric function

y = sin-1 x

sin y = x

d/dx (sin-1x)
d
¿
dx

dy 1 1 1
¿ = = =
d sin y d cos y √ 1−x 2
( sin y )
dy

cos-1x, tan-1x, cot-1x, sec-1x

1. Find derivative of:

y=sin−1 √ 1− x2

What is the domain and range of this function?

x∈[-1,1], y∈[0, π/2]

y’ = -1/√(1-x2) if x∈[0,1],

= 1/√(1-x2) if x ∈[-1,0)

1 (−2 x ) −x
y'= ∙ 2
=
√1−(√ 1−x ) 2 2 2 √ 1−x √ x √ 1−x 2
2

2. Find derivative of :
y=tan −1 ( sin −1 x )
Also find domain and range of this function.
x∈[-1,1], y∈[tan-1(-π/2), tan-1(π/2)]

3. Find derivative of:


tan−1 ( x 3 + x sin−1 x +2 )
x
sin−1 ( x ) +3 x 2+
√ 1−x 2
2
( x sin−1 ( x ) + x 3 +2 ) +1

LOGARITHMIC AND EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION

bp = a
⇒logba = p
y = log a (x)
x>0
y = logx a
x > 0, x≠1

Domain for:
y = log10 (x2 – 3x + 2)
⇒(x2 – 3x + 2) > 0
⇒(x – 1 ) (x – 2) > 0
+ +
-
1 2
x ∈(-∞,1) ∪ (2, ∞)

y = log(x^2 – 5x + 6) 100
y = log (1 – x) (x2 + 3x + 2)

(1 – x) ≠ 1 ⇒ x ≠ 0 -2 -1
(1 – x) > 0 ⇒ 1 > x 0
x∈(-∞ , 1) – {0} 1
(x2 + 3x + 2) > 0
x∈(-∞, -2) ∪ (-1, ∞)

(-∞, -2) ∪ (-1,1) – {0}

x2 – 5x + 6 > 0 ⇒ x > 3 or x < 2


x2 – 5x + 6 ≠ 1 ⇒ x2 – 5x + 5 ≠ 0 ⇒ x ≠ (5 ± √5)/2
x∈(-∞, 2) ∪ (3, ∞) – {(5 ± √5)/2}

Properties
i) If log b a exists then a > 0
ii) If log b a exists then b > 0 & b ≠ 1
iii) log b a + log b c = log b(ac)

bp = a, bq = c ⇒bp+q = ac ⇒ log b(ac) = p + q

iv) log b a – log b c = log b(a/c)


v) log b (a∙a∙…m times) = log b a + log b a + log b a + … m times = m
log b a
vi) (log b a) /(log b c) = log c a

bp = a, bq = c ⇒b = c1/q

(c1/q) p = a

⇒cp/q = a

⇒p/q = log c a

vii) a log b =b
a

log a b= p
⇒ a p=b
⇒ a log b=b
a

logaa = 1

loga 1 = 0

y =f(x) = akx+p

⇒logay = kx + p

f(x) = ax, a > 0

ln → Natural logarithm
ex irrational number ≈ 2.71 = 1 + x/1! + x/2! + x/3! + … ∞

ln(x) = loge(x)

log10(x) = loge(x)/loge10 = ln(x)/ln(10)

Limits:
ln ( 1+ x )
lim =1
x →0 x

limx→0(log10(x+1))/x = lne/ln10 = log10(e) [1/logba = logab]

limx→1ln(x) /(x – 1) = 1

limx→0(k/p)(ln(1+kx)/kx) for some constant p, k = k/p

limx→π/4(ln(sin(x) – 1/√2+1)/(sin2x – 1)

d
1) Using first principle find dx ( ln x )
2) Use the limit result to find derivative of ex

Limx→0(ex – 1)/x = 1→

limh→0 (e(x+h) – e(x))/h = ex limh→0 ( eh – 1)/h = ex

3) If (ex – 1)/x = 1 + x/2! + x2/3! + … ∞, show that the limit result given in 2)
is true.

d(ln x)/dx = 1/x

d ex/dx = ex

2x = exln2

d2x/dx = d exln2/dx = (d exln2/d xln2) (d xln2/dx) = exln2 ln2 = ln2 2x

ekx = kekx

d ax/dx = ln(a) ax [ a is constant > 0]

log10(x) → 1/xln(10)
loga(x) → 1/xlna

1. ln(x2 – sinx) [x∈(1, ∞)]


2. log10(2x + 2-x + 3x^2 + 3-x^2) [x∈R]
3. xx [x∈R+]
4. (x2 + 1)ln(x+sinx) [x∈R+]

y = √(4 – (x/3)2

x = 6 sinθ, y = 2 cosθ
dy dy /d θ −2 sin θ −1
= = = tan θ
dx dx /d θ 6 cos θ 3

Let, x = f(t) and y = φ(t)

find dy/dx

5. f(t) = t2 – 2t + ln(t), φ(t) = tt


6. f(t) = 2t + 1, φ(t) = sin(t)
7. f(t) = log10t, φ(t) = 10t
2 x
8. Find derivative of logx(x + 10 )

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