The document discusses welding of aluminum alloys and the effects of welding parameters and post-weld heat treatments on the resulting mechanical properties. Specifically, it addresses how the heat input during welding affects the tensile strength and hardness of 2219 aluminum, and how post-weld heat treatments can recover the tensile strength but not the ductility. It also analyzes temperature ranges that cause overaging and solutionizing during welding based on microhardness measurements. Finally, it discusses the effects of different welding and filler metal processes on joint efficiencies of Al-Li-Cu alloys.
The document discusses welding of aluminum alloys and the effects of welding parameters and post-weld heat treatments on the resulting mechanical properties. Specifically, it addresses how the heat input during welding affects the tensile strength and hardness of 2219 aluminum, and how post-weld heat treatments can recover the tensile strength but not the ductility. It also analyzes temperature ranges that cause overaging and solutionizing during welding based on microhardness measurements. Finally, it discusses the effects of different welding and filler metal processes on joint efficiencies of Al-Li-Cu alloys.
The document discusses welding of aluminum alloys and the effects of welding parameters and post-weld heat treatments on the resulting mechanical properties. Specifically, it addresses how the heat input during welding affects the tensile strength and hardness of 2219 aluminum, and how post-weld heat treatments can recover the tensile strength but not the ductility. It also analyzes temperature ranges that cause overaging and solutionizing during welding based on microhardness measurements. Finally, it discusses the effects of different welding and filler metal processes on joint efficiencies of Al-Li-Cu alloys.
The document discusses welding of aluminum alloys and the effects of welding parameters and post-weld heat treatments on the resulting mechanical properties. Specifically, it addresses how the heat input during welding affects the tensile strength and hardness of 2219 aluminum, and how post-weld heat treatments can recover the tensile strength but not the ductility. It also analyzes temperature ranges that cause overaging and solutionizing during welding based on microhardness measurements. Finally, it discusses the effects of different welding and filler metal processes on joint efficiencies of Al-Li-Cu alloys.
2006544960 Metalurgi Las – S2 Khusus TUGAS 10 – CHAPTER 15
1. A reciprocal relationship between the tensile strength of 2219 aluminum (essentially Al– 6.3Cu) weldments and the heat input per unit length of weld per unit thickness has been observed. Explain why. Semakin tinggi nilai heat input per satuan panjang dari lasan per satuan ketebalan, maka semakin besar tingkat overaging, oleh karena itu menurunkan nilai tensile strength.
2. (a) Based on the results of mechanical testing for 2219 aluminum given in Table P15.2, comment on the effect of postweld heat treatment on the tensile strength Postweld artificial aging sendiri tidak dapat menghasilkan recovery yang cukup baik dalam hal kekuatan HAZ. Postweld solid solution ditambah artificial aging akan menghasilkan hasil yang paling baik, terutama dengan benda kerja yang dilas pada kondisi annealed.
(b) The bend angle (i.e., the maximum angle the specimen can be bent prior to failure) is an indication of the ductility of the material. Does the weld ductility seem to recover as effectively as the tensile strength? Explain why or why not.
Keuletan dari hasil lasan, seperti ditunjukkan dengan nilai bend angle maksimum, tidak dapat kembali sebaik mengembalikan nilai kekuatan dengan menggunakan PWHT. Pembentukan batas butir eutektik yang getas pada PMZ menghasilkan kerusakan permanen pada hasil lasan yang tidak dapat dihilangkan menggunakan proses PWHT. 3. A 12.7-mm-thick plate of 6061-T6 aluminum (TL = 652°C) was gas– tungsten arc welded with DC electrode negative. The welding parameters were I = 222 A, E = 10.4 V, and V = 5.1 mm/s. Microhardness measurements after welding indicated that softening due to overaging starts about 5.3 mm from the fusion line and gradually increases as the fusion line is approached. Thermal measurements during welding revealed a peak temperature of about 300°C at the position where softening started. Calorimetric measurements showed that the arc efficiency was around 80%. How does the width of the HAZ compare with that predicted from Adams’s equation (Chapter 2)? Diketahui: Q = η I E = 0.8 x 222x 10,4 = 1847 W V = 5,1 x 10-3 m/s Tp = 300oC Tm = TL = 652oC g = 12,7 x 10-3 m ρC = 2,7 x 106 J/m3K
Jawab:
Y = 5,1 x 10-3 m = 5,1 mm
Perkiraan lebar daerah HAZ akibat pengelasan sangat dekat dengan yang diamati.
4. Figure P15.4 show the hardness distributions measured by Umgeher and Cerjak (27) in 7075 aluminum after natural aging three months at room temperature (pwna), after artificial aging (pwaa), and after full postweld PROBLEMS 373 TABLE P15.2 2219 Aluminum Tensile Strength Bend Angle Test Specimen Procedure (N/mm2 ) (deg) Base metal SS 320 180 SS + AA 412 121 Weldment SS + welding 254 64 SS + AA + welding 287 54 SS + welding + AA 300 44 SS + welding + SS + AA 373 84 AN + welding + SS + AA 403 93 Abbreviations: SS, solid solution; AA, artificial aging; AN, annealing. 0 10 20 30 40 80 120 160 distance from fusion line, mm peak temperature, oC hardness, HV 5 600 400 200 0 pwna pwaa pwsh peak temp Figure P15.4 heat treatment of solutionizing, quenching, and then artificial aging (pwsh). Indicate the temperature ranges in which overaging and solutionizing occur during welding. Explain how these hardness distributions compare with each other. Overaging paling parah, dimana nilai kekerasannya paling rendah pada kurva pwaa, terjadi pada suhu sekitar 340oC. Solutionization, diambil sebagai dataran tinggi kekerasan di kurva pwna dekat fusion line, terjadi pada suhu 410oC. Kurva pwsh memiliki kekerasan yang tertinggi dan paling seragam karena adanya postweld solutionization dan perlakuan panas. Kurva pwaa memiliki nilai kekerasan yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kurva pwna karena terjadi overaging saat pwaa.
5. Al–Li–Cu alloy 2095 was welded by LBW, GTAW, and GMAW and the HAZ hardness profiles of the resultant welds were measured. Rank the welds in the order of increasing hardness in the HAZ. Proses pengelasan dari Al-Li-Cu dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kekerasan jika diurutkan adalah GMAW, GTAW, dan LBW berdasarkan penurunan heat input per satuan panjang dari lasan. 6. Al–Li–Cu alloy 2090 was welded with various filler metals such as 2319, 2090, 4047, and 4145. Joint efficiencies up to 65% of base-metal strength were obtained in the as-welded condition. After postweld solution heat treatment and artificial aging, joint efficiencies up to 98% were obtained. Explain why. Joint efficiency meningkat dari 65% setelah proses pengelasan (AW) menjadi 98% karena peningkatan kekuatan setelah proses postweld solution heat treatment dan artificial aging (HT).
7. Sketch the hardness profiles in the following aluminum alloys after friction stir welding: (a) artificially aged 2219; (b) work-hardened 5083. Kedua profil kekerasan menandakan penghilangan signifikan dari kekuatan pada daerah HAZ seperti pada busur las.
