COURSE MODULE TAGOLOAN Community College
MODULE WEEK NO.1
Baluarte, Tagoloan, Misamis Oriental
Tel.No. (08822)740-835/(088)5671-215
College of Arts & Sciences
GEC 3: The Contemporary World
Semester of A.Y. 2021-2022
Introduction
The first module introduces the term “Globalization” and how this concept has been defined by
many scholars around the world using different context & perspective in order to arrive a
functional and significant understanding of its existence in the modern contemporary world.
Rationale
Define & study “what is globalization?” based on the different perspectives used across the word.
Intended Learning Outcomes
A. Recall the development of globalization
B. Identify the competing points of globalization to retain its basic concepts.
C. State the different discourses on the study of globalization
Activity
Defining/ Remembering Globalization:
The task to create a clear, definite meaning of Globalization
Discussion
COURSE MODULE MODULE WEEK NO.1
THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD ( GEC3
Ms. Mariecar M. Dagandan )
Instructor
Medium.com
DEFINING GLOBALIZATION
I. Progress, Development and Integration:
Tomas Larsson (2001)
economic thinking.com cambridge.com
“ The process of world shrinkage, of distances getting shorter, things moving closer.”
II. Broad & Inclusive:
COURSE MODULE MODULE WEEK NO.1
Kenichi Ohmae (1992)
kohmae.com toolshero.com
“… globalization means the onset of the borderless world….”
III. Narrow & Exclusive
Robert Cox (2000)
toronto university.com purdue university.com
“ …internationalizing of the production & labor, migration and state….”
IV. Flattened
Thomas L. Friedman (2005)
gstatic.com universitas21.com
“....the inexorable integration of markets, nation states and technologies to a degree never
witnessed before—in a way that is enabling individuals, corporations, and nation states to
reach around the world farther, faster, deeper, and cheaper than ever before ...”
V. Integration and/or Fragmentation
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George Ritzer (2015)
Amazon.com Wikipedia.com
“Globalization…..is a set of process involving increasing liquidity …flows & structures that are
barriers to, or can expedite these flows…..” - Ritzer (2015)
Metaphors of Globalization
A. Solidarity
science new journal.com
limited mobility
refers to the building blocks ( barriers )/ natural or manmade
B. Liquidity
New atlas.com
Not fixed or changing / increase ease of movement
Movement is difficult to stop /tends to melt whatever stands along its path.
C. Flows
Juzaphoto
Increase in liquidity
there is a movement of everything ( ex. Food, cuisines, migrants )
“Solidity refers to barriers that prevent mobility….liquidity is the increasing movement.....
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....The movement of people, things, places, and information brought by the growing “porosity” of
global limitations” – Ritzer (2015)
GLOBALIZATION FLOW
geopolitics.com
1. Homogeneity - the increasing sameness in the world
One-size-fits all ( flow of nothing )
Cultural imperialism ( Christianization, Americanization, McWorld , McDonaldization)
Neoliberalism, Capitalism, Market Economy ( Global Economic Crisis )
2. Heterogeneity – the creation of various elements from different societies.
Glocalization ( Hybrids or combination )
Cultural Hybridization ( Jihads )
Glocal Markets
CHARACTERISTICS
freeEducator.com
A. Cultural Differentialism – “catastrophic collision “
- Emphasizes the fact that cultures are essentially different and are only superficially affected by
global flows
B. Cultural Hybridization – “glocalization & integration “
- Emphasizes the integration of local and global cultures / evolution of cultures
C. Cultural Convergence – “deterritorialization “
- Homogeneity introduced by globalization / one culture imposes itself and destroy others.
VIEWS
rawabetcenter.com
I. Hardwired
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Nayan Chanda (2007)- basic human need to make our lives better
- “ trade, missionary work, adventure & conquest”
II. Cycles
Scholte( 2005) – Globalization is a long cyclical process ( soon disappear and reappear )
III. Epoch
Ritzer( 2015 )- globalization is a series of ‘waves’ and ‘series” ( sequential occurrence )
IV. Events
Composed of several points / specific events which characterized globalization
V. Broad Changes
Free world “ capitalism “
Emergence of American power / multinational corporation
Demise of USSR and end of the Cold War
Perspectives
Basic.com
1. Hyperglobalist - Legitimate process / a new age in human history
2. Skeptical - International process as becoming regionalized rather than globalized.
3. Transformationalist – no specific cause or outcome / national govt. are changing
Exercise
In this module you are exposed to the different definitions &/or claims on
globalization. With its many misconceptions, it created ambiguities & biases which poses a big
challenge on your part as a learner who wish to establish a concrete meaning of this term. As a
resolution, globalization is therefore defined using various concept, views & metaphors in order to
grasp the main rationale or even arrive into a functional meaning of this phenomenon.
Using the following lessons, state your own generalization or understanding of the term & relate it
to the actual application on the different aspects of your daily life. Internalize the terms & concepts
mentioned here and prepare yourself to answer basic aspects of globalization through an online Self-
test. Test your knowledge on Remembering the Key Terms.
Reflection
COURSE MODULE MODULE WEEK NO.1
1. What is the importance of defining globalization?
2. Do you agree on the ideas presented regarding the characteristics of globalization in modern
world ?
3. Which do you think is more advantageous?
Homogenous or heterogeneous society?
Resources and Additional Resources
Aldama,P.K.(2018). The contemporary world, Quezon City Philippines ,Rex Printing Company,Inc.
