Intel® Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX) SDK

for Windows* OS
Developer Reference
Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

This software and the related documents are Intel copyrighted materials, and
your use of them is governed by the express license under which they were
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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Revision History
Revision Number Description Revision
Date
1.1 Intel® SGX Win 1.1 release Septem-
ber 2015
1.6 Intel® SGX Win 1.6 release April
2016
1.7 Intel® SGX Win 1.7 release November
2016
1.8 Intel® SGX Win 1.8 release June
2017
1.9 Intel® SGX Win 1.9 release October
2017
1.9.5 Intel® SGX Win 1.9.5 release January
2018
1.9.6 Intel® SGX Win 1.9.6 release March
2018
2.0.0 Intel® SGX Win 2.0.0 release April
2018
2.0.1 Intel® SGX Win 2.0.1 release April
2018
2.1 Intel® SGX Win 2.1 release August
2018
2.2 Intel® SGX Win 2.2 release November
2018
2.2.3 Intel® SGX Win 2.2.3 release February
2019
2.3 Intel® SGX Win 2.3 release March
2019
2.4 Intel® SGX Win 2.4 release June
2019
2.5 Intel® SGX Win 2.5 release October
2019
2.5.1 Intel® SGX Win 2.5.1 release November
2019
2.6 Intel® SGX Win 2.6 release January
2020
2.7 Intel® SGX Win 2.7 release March
2020

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

 
 

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Introduction
Intel provides the Intel® Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX) SDK
Developer Reference for software developers who wish to harden their applic-
ation security using the Intel Software Guard Extensions technology.
This document covers an overview of the technology, tutorials, tools, sample
code as well as an API reference.
Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK is a collection of APIs, sample source
code, libraries, and tools that enable the software developer to write and
debug Intel® Software Guard Extensions applications in C/C++ programming
language.

NOTE
Intel® Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX) technology is only available on
the 6th Generation Intel® Core(TM) Processor or newer.

Intel® Software Guard Extensions Technology Overview

Intel® Software Guard Extensions is an Intel technology whose objective is to
enable a high-level protection of secrets. It operates by allocating hardware-
protected memory where code and data reside. The protected memory area
is called an enclave. Data within the enclave memory can only be accessed by
the code that also resides within the enclave memory space. Enclave code can
be invoked via special instructions. An enclave can be built and loaded as a
Microsoft* Windows* DLL.

NOTE:
The enclave file can be disassembled, so the algorithms used by the enclave
developer will not remain secret.
Intel® Software Guard Extensions technology has a hard limit on the protected
memory size, typically 64 MB or 128 MB. As a result, the number of active
enclaves (in memory) is limited. Depending on the memory footprint of each
enclave, use cases suggest that 5-20 enclaves can reside in memory sim-
ultaneously.

Intel® Software Guard Extensions Security Properties

 l Intel designs the Intel® Software Guard Extensions to protect against soft-
ware attacks:

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

 o The enclave memory cannot be read or written from outside the

enclave regardless of current privilege level and CPU mode
(ring3/user-mode, ring0/kernel-mode, SMM, VMM, or another
enclave). The abort page is returned in such conditions.
 o An enclave can be created with a debug attribute that allows a spe-
cial debugger (Intel® Software Guard Extensions debugger) to view
its content like a standard debugger. Production enclaves (non-
debug) cannot be debugged by software or hardware debuggers.
 o The enclave environment cannot be entered via classic function
calls, jumps, register manipulation or stack manipulation. The only
way to call an enclave function is via a new instruction that per-
forms several protect checks. Classic function calls initiated by
enclave code to functions inside the enclave are allowed.
  CPU mode can only be 32 or 64 bit when executing enclave code.
o

Other CPU modes are not supported. An exception is raised in such

conditions.

 l Intel designs the Intel® Software Guard Extensions to protect against

known hardware attacks:
 o The enclave memory is encrypted using industry-standard encryp-
tion algorithms with replay protection.
  Tapping the memory or connecting the DRAM modules to another
o

system will only give access to encrypted data.

  The memory encryption key changes every power cycle randomly
o

(for example, boot/sleep/hibernate). The key is stored within the

CPU and it is not accessible.
  Intel® Software Guard Extensions is not designed to handle side
o

channel attacks or reverse engineering. It is up to the Intel® SGX

developers to build enclaves that are protected against these
types of attack.

Intel® Software Guard Extensions uses strong industry-standard algorithms for

signing enclaves. The signature of an enclave characterizes the content and
the layout of the enclave at build time. If the enclave’s content and layout are
not correct per the signature, then the enclave will fail to be initialized and,
hence, will not be executed. If an enclave is initialized, it should be identical to
the original enclave and will not be modified at runtime.

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Application Design Considerations

An Intel® Software Guard Extensions application design is different from non-
Intel® SGX application as it requires dividing the application into two logical
components:
 l Trusted component. The code that accesses the secret resides here.
This component is also called an enclave. More than one enclave can
exist in an application.
 l Untrusted component. The rest of the application including all its mod-
ules.1

The application writer should make the trusted part as small as possible. It is
suggested that enclave functionality should be limited to operate on the
secret data. A large enclave statistically has more bugs and (user created)
security holes than a small enclave.
The enclave code can leave the protected memory region and call functions in
the untrusted zone (by a special instruction). Reducing the enclave depend-
ency on untrusted code will also strengthen its protection against possible
attacks.
Embracing the above design considerations will improve protection as the
attack surface is minimized.
The application designer, as the first step to harnessing Intel® Software Guard
Extensions SDK in the application, must redesign or refactor the application to
fit these guidelines. This is accomplished by isolating the code module(s) that
access any secrets and then moving these modules to a separate pack-
age/library. The details of how to create such an enclave are detailed in the
tutorials section. You can also see the demonstrations on creating an enclave
in the sample code that are shipped with the Intel® Software Guard Extensions
SDK.

Terminology and Acronyms

 
AE Architectural enclaves. Enclaves that are part of the Intel® Soft-
ware Guard Extensions framework. They include the quoting

1 From an enclave standpoint, the operating system and VMM are not trusted
components, either.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

enclave (QE), provisioning enclave (PvE), launch enclave (LE), pro-

visioning certification enclave (PCE) and the platform service
enclave (PSE).
Attestation Prove authenticity. In case of platform attestation, prove the
identity of the platform.
CA Certificate Authority.
ECALL Enclave call. A function call that enters the enclave.
ECF Enclave Configuration File.
ECDH Elliptic curve Diffie–Hellman.
EDL Enclave Definition Language.
Intel® EPID Intel® Enhanced Privacy ID.
FIPS Federal Information Processing Standards developed by
NIST for use in computer systems government-wide.
FIPS 140-2 Standard that defines security requirements for cryptographic
modules and is required for sales to the Federal Governments.
HSM Hardware Security Module.
Attestation Attestation Service for Intel® Software Guard Extensions.
Service
ISV Independent Software Vendor.
KE Key Exchange.
LE Launch enclave, an architectural enclave from Intel, involved in
the licensing service.
Nonce An arbitrary number used only once to sign a cryptographic com-
munication.
OCALL Outside call. A function call that calls an untrusted function from
an enclave.
PCE Provisioning certification enclave, an architectural enclave from
Intel, involved in the Intel® Enhanced Privacy ID (Intel® EPID) Pro-
vision service to provide provisioning certificate.
PSE Platform service enclaves, architectural enclaves from Intel.
Including PSE-pr (long-term paring) and PSE-Op (session man-
agement).
Intel® SGX Platform Software for Intel® Software Guard Extensions.
PSW
PvE Provisioning enclave, an architectural enclave from Intel, involved
in the Intel® Enhanced Privacy ID (Intel® EPID) Provision service
to handle the provisioning protocol.
QE Quoting enclave, an architectural enclave from Intel, involved in

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

the quoting service.

Intel® SGX Intel® Software Guard Extensions.
SigRL Signature revocation list
SMK Session MAC key.
SP Service Provider.
SVN Security version number. Used to version security levels of both
hardware and software components of the Intel® Software Guard
Extensions framework.
TCB Trusted computing base. Portions of hardware and software that
are considered safe and uncompromised. A system protection is
improved if the TCB is as small as possible, making an attack
harder.
TCS Thread Control Structure.
TLS Thread Local Storage.
TLS Transport Layer Security.
tRTS Trusted Run Time System
uRTS Untrusted Run Time System
Intel® SGX Intel® Software Guard Extensions SSL cryptographic library
SSL based on the OpenSSL. Provides cryptographic services for
Intel® Software Guard Extensions enclave applications.

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Setting up an Intel® Software Guard Extensions Project

This topic introduces how to use the following features of Intel® Software
Guard Extensions SDK:
 l Using Microsoft* Visual Studio* Intel® Software Guard Extensions Wizard
 l Using Microsoft* Visual Studio* Intel® Software Guard Extensions Add-in
 l Enclave Project Files
 l Microsoft* Visual Studio* Project Settings

NOTE
The Visual Studio 2017 Add-in Tool is designed to work with the Visual Studio
2017 Professional Environment. While Visual Studio 2017 is a recommended
environment, the tools may also be installed with the Community and Enter-
prise versions of Visual Studio 2017.

Using Microsoft* Visual Studio* Intel® Software Guard Extensions Wizard

Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK installs a Microsoft* Visual Studio* soft-
ware wizard to aid developers in rapid development of Intel® Software Guard
Extensions. This wizard can be used to create an enclave project, which then
has the proper settings to take advantage of the various components that are
shipped with the Intel® SGX SDK.

Creating an Enclave

 1. On the menu bar of Microsoft* Visual Studio*, choose File-->New-->Pro-

ject.
The New Project dialog box opens.
 2. Select Templates-->Visual C++-->Intel® SGX Enclave Project. Enter
name, location, and solution name in the appropriate fields like any other
Microsoft* Visual Studio* project.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Figure 1 Intel® SGX Wizard: New Project Creation

 3. Click OK and the welcome dialog appears.

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Figure 2 Intel® SGX Wizard: Welcome Dialog

 4. Click Next to go to the Enclave Settings page.

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Figure 3 Intel® SGX Wizard: Enclave Settings

 5. Configure the enclave with proper settings
 l Project Type:
 o Enclave – Create an enclave project.
 o Enclave library – Create a static library for an enclave project.
 l Additional Libraries:
 o C++ 11 – Link C++ 11 with the enclave project.
 o EDL File - Create an EDL file in enclave project.
 l Signing Key:
 o Import an existing signing key to the enclave project. A ran-
dom key will be generated if no file is selected. The Enclave
signer will sign the enclave with the key file (see File
Formats).

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

 l Addition Configurations:
 o CVE-2020-0551 Load – Add CVE-2020-0551 mitigation
Load level configuration.
 o CVE-2020-0551 Control Flow – Add CVE-2020-0551 mit-
igation Control Flow level configuration.

NOTE:
See Enable CVE-2020-0551 Mitigation for details of these new con-
figurations.
When the enclave project is created, the wizard ensures that the enclave
project has proper settings.

NOTE:
The Wizard requires Visual C++ tools installed, which is no longer done
by default in Visual Studio 2017. Please make sure the C++ tools are
installed before using the Wizard to create an enclave project.

NOTE:
The Wizard creates an enclave project with several files. See Enclave Pro-
ject Files for a detailed file list.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Figure 4 Intel® SGX Wizard: Solution Explorer

Using Microsoft* Visual Studio* Intel® Software Guard Extensions Add-in

The Microsoft* Visual Studio* add-in is provided to the Intel® Software Guard
Extensions developer for configuring an enclave or importing an enclave to
untrusted components conveniently and efficiently. This add-in has three
main features:

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

 l Enclave Settings helps to maintain the enclave configuration settings

 l Enclave Signing helps to perform enclave two-step signing for release
mode.
 l Import Enclave helps to select the enclaves to be imported to the untrus-
ted components. Then the untrusted components can make use with the
enclave.
 l Enclave Project Configuration helps to add CVE-2020-0551 mitigation
enabled configurations into exist trust projects.

Enclave Settings
Enclave settings helps you to create and maintain the enclave configuration
file. The enclave configuration file is part of the enclave project and describes
the information of the enclave metadata. See Enclave Configuration File for
details.
Enclave Settings gives you the option to update the following enclave set-
tings:
 l ProdID
 l ISVSVN
 l StackMaxSize
 l HeapMaxSize
 l TCSNum
 l TCSPolicy
 l DisableDebug
 l MiscSelect
 l MiscMask
 l EnableKSS
 l ISVEXTPRODID_H
 l ISVEXTPRODID_L
 l ISVFAMILYID_H
 l ISVFAMILYID_L

 
To configure enclave settings:

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Open the solution that contains the enclave project. Right click the enclave
project. Select Intel® SGX Configuration -> Enclave Settings. A dialog will
be shown which allows the modification of the enclave settings. Here is a
sample of the dialog.

Figure 5 Intel® SGX Configuration: Enclave Settings

The Basic Settings box provides users the interface to modify the basic
enclave settings. The following list gives an explanation of each configuration
element.
Name Description Tag in the Enclave Con-
figuration File
Product ID ISV assigned Product ID <ProdID>
ISV SVN ISV assigned SVN <ISVSVN>
Thread Stack The stack size per trusted <StackMaxSize>
Size thread (in bytes)
Global Heap The heap size for the enclave (in <HeapMaxSize>
Size bytes)
Thread Num- The number of trusted threads <TCSNum>
ber
Thread Bound TCS management policy <TCSPolicy>
Policy
Table 1 Settings in the Enclave Configuration File

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The Advanced Settings dialog shows the interface to modify the advanced
features. Given that users have enough knowledge of these advanced features,
click the button Advanced…, then the following window appears:

Figure 6 Intel® SGX Configuration: Advanced Enclave Settings

Check the Debug selection if you want to ensure the enclave cannot be
launched in debug mode. The setting corresponds to the element <Dis-
ableDebug> of the Enclave Configuration File. The code/data memory inside
an enclave launched in debug mode is accessible by the debugger or other
software outside of the enclave. Thus, it does not have the same memory
access protection as an enclave launched in non-debug mode. An enclave can
only be debugged if it is launched in debug mode. If the selection is checked,
the enclave built with this configuration cannot be debugged.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

You can set the bits value for the Misc Select and Misc Mask in the Advanced
Settings dialog. These settings respectively correspond to the element <Mis-
cSelect> and <MiscMask> of the Enclave Configuration File. The <Mis-
cSelect> and <MiscMask> are for functionality extension in the future.
Currently only 0 for can be set for Misc Select by default. The recom-
mendation is keeping the default settings.
Check the Enable KSS option if you want to enable Key Separation & Sharing
(KSS) for the enclave. The setting corresponds to the element EnableKSS of
the Enclave Configuration File. You can also set the value for the ISV assigned
Extended Product ID and the ISV assigned Family ID from the text box. These
settings correspond to the elements ISVEXTPRODID_H, ISVEXTPRODID_L,
ISVFAMILYID_H, and ISVFAMILYID_L of the Enclave Configuration File
respectively . These elements are relevant to a more flexible model of KSS.
Note that you need to enable KSS before setting the ISV assigned Extended
Product ID and the ISV assigned Family ID.

Enclave Preferred Load Address

You may use the linker options /BASE and /FIXED to build an enclave.
/FIXED tells the uRTS and the driver to load the enclave at the preferred
load address only, which can be specified with the option /BASE.
When you use /BASE, the enclave PE’s OptionalHeader.ImageBase is set
with the preferred load address. When you specify /FIXED, the linker does
not generate a relocation section for the enclave and the enclave PE’s Head-
er.Characteristics will have IMAGE_FILE_RELOCS_STRIPPED set.
Additionally the PE’s OptinalHeader.DLLCharacteristics will not
have IMAGE_DLL_CHARACTERISTICS_DYNAMIC_BASE set, to indicate the
enclave DLL cannot be relocated at load time.
When you sign the enclave, if sgx_sign.exe detects that an enclave has
IMAGE_FILE_RELOCS_STRIPPED set in the enclave PE’s Head-
er.Characteristics, it will verify that the enclave does not have a relo-
cation section and that IMAGE_DLL_CHARACTERISTICS_DYNAMIC_BASE is
not set in the PE OptinalHeader.DLLCharacteristics. In addition,
sgx_sign.exe ensures that the selected BASE naturally aligns with the
enclave size. If any of these three requirements fails, sgx_sign.exe reports
an error. The loader sgx_urts.dll only attempts to load an enclave after
the enclave passes the same three tests. You may still receive an error from
sgx_urts.dll if the enclave cannot be loaded at the preferred load
address.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Enclave Signing
With the enclave launch control, the enclave signing key for release mode
must be stored in secure manner, such as a platform managed by an HSM. All
the release mode enclaves should use two-step signing mechanism. Enclave
Signer Usage Examples describes a command line example for this two-step
signing process. Enclave Signing provides a GUI to help developers to per-
form the two-step signing process more easily and more conveniently.
 
Step 1: Generate Enclave Signing Material
Open the solution that contains the enclave project. Right click the enclave
project. Select Intel® SGX Configuration -> Enclave Signing. The Enclave
Signing dialog appears. The following graphic shows a GUI sample for gen-
erating the enclave signing material.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Figure 7 Intel® SGX Configuration: Generate Enclave Signing Material

The default name and location for the output enclave signing material are spe-
cified. You can change the name and location. Click the button Generate Sign-
ing Material to generate the enclave signing material.
After finishing Step 1, you need to use your own signing facility, which can
access your private signing key to sign the output enclave signing material,
then bring the resulting signature file back for Step 2.

NOTE
By default, a Post Build Event for generating enclave signing material is
added during enclave creation with Microsoft* Visual Studio* in Intel® Soft-
ware Guard Extensions Wizard. Thus, for the release mode, the enclave signing
material is generated automatically after you compile the enclave project.
 
Step 2: Generate a Signed Enclave File
If you have finished generating the enclave signing material and have pre-
pared the resulting signature file, you can generate the signed enclave file. To
generate the final signed enclave file, select the radio button next to Step 2 -
Generate Signed Enclave File.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Figure 8 Intel® SGX Configuration: Generate a Signed Enclave File

The default location for the signing material and the enclave file are specified.
Check whether the specified paths are correct for the signing material and the
enclave file. Click the button Select... next to Public Key File to specify the
corresponding public key. Click the button Select... next to Signature File to
specify the resulting signature file.
After specifying all the correct files, click the button Generate Signed
Enclave, then the final signed enclave file is generated under the same folder
of the specified enclave file.

Import Enclave
Import Enclave helps to select the enclaves to be imported to the untrusted
components. Then the untrusted components can make use of the enclaves.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Import Enclave provides the following functions:

 l Allows selecting an enclave from the list of enclaves created with the
Intel® SGX Wizard in the same solution.
 l Supports browsing/searching for 3rd party provided enclaves which are
defined by EDL files.
 l Provides the option to remove any enclave selected to be hosted by an
application.
 l Adds/removes the enclave's _u.h and _u.c files to/from the untrusted
component project, for each enclave that is added to/removed from the
application.
 l Sets up the project settings for the untrusted component.

 
To import enclaves:
Open the solution that contains both the enclave project and the untrusted
application project that will host the enclave. Right click the untrusted applic-
ation project. Select Intel® SGX Configuration -> Import Enclave. The fol-
lowing sample dialog will be shown. In this example, the enclave project name
is sample_enclave and the hosting project is a Win32 console application.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Figure 9 Intel® SGX Configuration: Import Enclave

The Include EDLs section in the Import Enclave dialogue contains all the
enclaves in this solution and any enclaves imported from outside the solution.
Each enclave is represented by an Enclave Definition Language (EDL) file. EDL
is a minimal IDL used to describe the enclave interface. See Enclave Definition
Language Syntax for a detailed description. Select the EDL files corresponding
to the enclaves to be imported into the application.
To import an enclave that is not in the solution, you can click Import EDL… to
select a new EDL file. The imported enclaves are listed in the Imported field.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

You need to select any of the imported EDL files representing the enclaves
you wish to import into the application.

Figure 10 Intel® SGX Configuration: Import EDL File

If the selected EDL files require additional search paths for any embedded
EDL files, specify the search paths in the Search Path Settings.
To put the actions into effect, click OK. Then two files will be added to the
untrusted application project: sample_enclave_u.c and sample_
enclave_u.h. They contain the declarations and definitions of the untrusted
wrapper functions used to call enclave functions. In addition, the properties of

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

the untrusted application project are modified to recreate the files when the
project is rebuilt. The files are not expected to be modified by the user. To
cancel the actions, click Cancel.
To remove an imported enclave from the untrusted application, unselect the
corresponding EDL file and click OK. Then the corresponding settings in the
untrusted application are removed.

Enclave Project Configuration

Enclave Project Configuration helps you add new configurations into exist
trust projects.
To add new configurations:
Open the solution that contains the trust project. Right click the trust project.
Select Intel® SGX Configuration -> Enclave Project Configuration. A dialog
will be shown.

The CVE-2020-0551 dialog box provides users the interface to select the
two levels of CVE-2020-0551 mitigation enabled configurations.

NOTE:
If target trusted project has included corresponding CVE-2020-0551* con-
figurations already, the tool will do nothing.

NOTE:
See Enable CVE-2020-0551 Mitigation for details.

Enclave Project Files

The Intel® Software Guard Extensions wizard is used to create enclave pro-
jects. It creates several files with names derived from the project name.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Assuming the enclave project name is sample_enclave, here is the list of files
generated by the wizard.
Source files:
 l sample_enclave.cpp – main source file, to be filled with user func-
tions and variables. The user can add additional source files.
 l sample_enclave_t.c – trusted auto-generated wrapper functions.
Do not modify this file as every build recreates it.
 l sample_enclave.edl– enclave definition language (EDL) file.
Declares which functions are exported (trusted) and imported (untrus-
ted) by the enclave. EDL syntax is explained in a separate chapter.

Header files:
 l sample_enclave_t.h – trusted auto-generated header for wrapper
functions. Do not modify this file as every build recreates it.

Resource files:
 l sample_enclave.config.xml – specifies the enclave configuration.
Details are explained in a separate section.
 l sample_enclave.private.pem – RSA private key used to sign the
enclave.

NOTE:
The private key must be kept secret and safe. If it is exposed, the key could be
used by malware writers to create a valid signed enclave.If you do not want to
expose the private key in the enclave project, you can use sgx_sign to sign the
enclave in a separate environment. See Enclave Signing Tool for a detailed
description.

Microsoft* Visual Studio* Project Settings

This section introduces the following project settings:
 l Recommended Project Settings for an Enclave Project
 l Recommended Project Settings for an Untrusted Application

To configure the project settings in Microsoft* Visual Studio*, right click the
project name in Solution Explorer and select Properties from the context
menu.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Recommended Project Settings for an Enclave Project

For an enclave, default project settings are recommended, with the following
exceptions:
C/C++->General->Additional Include Directories:
[Intel SGX SDK Install Path]include;[Intel SGX SDK Install Path]include\tlibc;
[Intel SGX SDK Install Path]include\stlport;
 
Linker->General->Additional Library Directories:
[Intel SGX SDK Install Path]bin\$(Platform)\$(Configuration)
 
Linker->Input->Additional Dependencies:
HW Configuration: sgx_trts.lib; sgx_tservice.lib; sgx_
tstdc.lib; sgx_tlibcxx.lib; sgx_tcrypto.lib
Simulation Configuration: sgx_trts_sim.lib; sgx_tservice_
sim.lib; sgx_tstdc.lib; sgx_tlibcxx.lib; sgx_tcrypto.lib
 
Linker->Input->Ignore All Default Libraries:Yes (/NODEFAULTLIB)
Linker->Advanced->No Entry Point:Yes
To sign the enclave during the build process, set a custom build step in the
project settings:
Build Events->Post-Build Event->Command Line (Win32):
"[Intel SGX SDK Install Path]bin\win32\release\sgx_
sign.exe" sign -key "$(ProjectDir)sample_enclave_
private.pem" -enclave "$(OutDir)sample_enclave.dll" -out 
"$(OutDir)sample_enclave.signed.dll" -config "$(Pro-
jectDir)sample_enclave.config.xml"
Build Events->Post-Build Event->Command Line (x64):
"[Intel SGX SDK Install Path]bin\x64\release\sgx_
sign.exe" sign -key "$(ProjectDir)sample_enclave_
private.pem" -enclave "$(OutDir)sample_enclave.dll" -out 
"$(OutDir)sample_enclave.signed.dll" -config "$(Pro-
jectDir)sample_enclave.config.xml"

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Build Events->Post-Build Event->Use In Build:Yes

NOTE:
The signing command line is a sample command. Change the command line
based on the actual enclave name.

NOTE:
A few compiler options are not supported when enclave code is compiled.
See sections Unsupported MSVC* Options for Enclaves for a detailed list.

Recommended Project Settings for an Untrusted Application

Use the default project settings for an untrusted application, with the fol-
lowing additional settings:
C/C++->General->Additional Include Directories: $(SGXSDKIn-
stallPath)include;
Linker->General->Additional Library Directories: $(SGXSDKIn-
stallPath)bin\$(Platform)\$(Configuration)
Linker->Input->Additional Dependencies:
HW Configuration: sgx_uae_service.lib; sgx_urts.lib
Simulation Configuration: sgx_uae_service_sim.lib; sgx_urts_
sim.lib

Supported Application Types

The Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK supports a number of application
types and user accounts on the Windows* OS. Users of regular, guest and
administrator accounts may run an enclave application in the form of a DLL to
load and interface with an Intel® SGX enclave. User-level driver and system ser-
vices that execute in the security context of a user account also have access to
the functionality provided by the Intel® SGX software stack.

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Using Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK Tools

This topic introduces how to use the following tools that the Intel® Software
Guard Extensions SDK provides:
 l Edger8r Tool
Generates interfaces between the untrusted components and enclaves.
 l Enclave Signing Tool
Generates the enclave metadata, which includes the enclave signature,
and adds such metadata to the enclave image.
 l Enclave Debugger
Helps to debug an enclave.
 l Enclave Memory Measurement Tool
Helps to measure the usage of protected memory by the enclave at
runtime.
 l CPUSVN Configuration Tool
Helps to simulate the CPUSVN upgrade/downgrade scenario without
modifying the hardware.

Edger8r Tool
The Edger8r tool ships as part of the Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK. It
generates edge routines by reading a user-provided Enclave Description Lan-
guage (EDL) file. These edge routines define the interface between the untrus-
ted application and the enclave. Normally, the tool runs automatically as part
of the enclave build process. However, an advanced enclave writer may invoke
the Edger8r manually.
When given an EDL file, for example, demo.edl, the Edger8r by default gen-
erates four files:
 l demo_t.h – Contains prototype declarations for trusted proxies and
bridges.
 l demo_t.c – Contains function definitions for trusted proxies and
bridges.
 l demo_u.h – Contains prototype declarations for untrusted proxies and
bridges.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

 l demo_u.c – Contains function definitions for untrusted proxies and

bridges.

Here is the command line description for the Edger8r tool:

Syntax:
sgx_edger8r [options] <.edl file> [another .edl file …]
Arguments:
[Options] Descriptions
--use-prefix     Prefix the untrusted proxy with the enclave name.
Generate header files only.
--header-only     
--search-path  Specify the search path of EDL files.
<path>  
--untrusted     Generate untrusted proxy and bridge routines only.
Generate trusted proxy and bridge routines only.
--trusted         
--untrusted-dir  Specify the directory for saving the untrusted code.
<dir>
--trusted-dir  Specify the directory for saving the trusted code.
<dir>
--preprocessor Specify the path to the compiler, which is used to pre-
process the EDL file.
Print help message showing the command line and
--help                
options.
If neither --untrusted nor --trusted is specified, the Edger8r generates
both.
Here, the path parameter has the same format as the PATH environment vari-
able, and the enclave name is the base file name of the EDL file (demo in this
case).

CAUTION:
The ISV must run the Edger8r tool in a protected malware-free environment
to ensure the integrity of the tool so that the generated code is not com-
promised. The ISV is ultimately responsible for the code contained in the
enclave and should review the code that the Edger8r tool generates.

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Enclave Signing Tool

The Intel® Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX) SDK provides a tool named
sgx_sign for you to sign enclaves. In general, signing an enclave is a process
that involves producing a signature structure that contains enclave properties
such as the enclave measurement (see Enclave Signature Structure below).
Once an enclave is signed in such structure, the modifications to the enclave
file (such as code, data, signature, and so on) can be detected. The signing tool
also evaluates the enclave image for potential errors and warns you about
potential security hazards. sgx_sign is typically set up by one of the con-
figuration tools included in the Intel® SGX SDK and runs automatically at the
end of the build process. During the loading process, the signature is checked
to confirm that the enclave has not been tampered with and has been loaded
correctly. In addition, the signing tool can also be used to report metadata
information for a signed enclave and to generate the SIGStruct file needed to
whitelist the enclave signer.

Table 2 Enclave Signature Structure

Section Name
HEADERTYPE
HEADERLEN
HEADERVERSION
TYPE
MODVENDOR
DATE
Header
SIZE
KEYSIZE
MODULUSSIZE
ENPONENTSIZE
SWDEFINED
RESERVED
MODULUS
Signature EXPONENT
SIGNATURE

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Section Name
MISCSELECT
MISCMASK
RESERVED
ISVFAMILYID
ATTRIBUTES
Body ATTRIBUTEMASK
ENCLAVEHASH
RESERVED
ISVEXTPRODID
ISVPRODID
ISVSVN
RESERVED
Buffer Q1
Q2

Command-Line Syntax
To run sgx_sign, use the following command syntax:
sgx_sign <command> [args]
All valid commands are listed in the table below. See Enclave Signer Usage
Examples for more information.
Table 3 Signing Tool Commands
Command Description Arguments
sign Sign the enclave using the private key in one step. Required:
-enclave, -key,
-out
Optional:
-config,
-dumpfile,
-cssfile
gendata The first step of the 2-step signing process. Gen- Required:
erate the enclave signing material to be signed by -enclave, -out
an external tool. This step dumps the signing
Optional:
material, which consists of the header and body
-config
sections of the enclave signature structure (see

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

the Table Enclave Signature Structure in this

topic), into a file (256 bytes in total).
catsig The second step of the 2-step signing process. Required:
Generate the signed enclave with the input sig- -enclave, -key,
nature and public key. The input signature is gen- -out, -sig,
erated by an external tool based on the data -unsigned
generated by the gendata command. At this
Optional:
step, the signature and buffer sections are gen-
-config,
erated. The signature and buffer sections together
with the header and body sections complete the -dumpfile,
enclave signature structure (see the Table Enclave -cssfile
Signature Structure in this topic).
dump Get the metadata information for a signed enclave Required:
file and dump the metadata to a file specified with
-enclave,
the -dumpfile option and the SIGSTRUCT to the
file specified by the -cssfile option. -dumpfile
Optional:
-cssfile

All the valid command options are listed below:

Table 4 Signing Tool Arguments
Arguments Descriptions
-enclave <file> Specify the enclave file to be signed or already signed.
It is a required argument for the four commands.
-config <file> Specify the enclave configuration file
It is an invalid argument for the dump command and an
optional argument for the other three commands.
-out <file> Specify the output file.
It is required for the following three commands.
Command Description
sign The signed enclave file.
gendata The file with the enclave
signing material.
catsig The signed enclave file.
-key <file> Specify the signing key file. See File Formats for
detailed description.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Command Description
sign Private key.
gendata Not applicable.
catsig Public key.
-sig <file> Specify the file containing the signature corresponding
to the enclave signing material. 
Only valid for catsig command.
-unsigned  Specify the file containing the enclave signing material
<file> generated by gendata.
Only valid for the catsig command.
-dumpfile Specify a file to dump metadata information.
It is a required argument for the dump command and
an optional argument for sign and catsig
-cssfile Specify a file to dump the SIGSTRUCT information.  

It is an optional argument for the sign, catsig and

dump commands.
-resign By default, sgx_sign reports an error if an input enclave
has already been signed. You can force sgx_sign to
resign the enclave by providing this option
-version Print the version information and exit.
-help Print the help information and exit.  

The arguments, including options and filenames, can be specified in any order.
Options are processed first, then filenames. Use one or more spaces or tabs to
separate arguments. Each option consists of an option identifier, a dash (-), fol-
lowed by the name of the option. The <file> parameter specifies the abso-
lute or relative path of a file.
Users can start sgx_sign from a system command prompt or integrate the
command line into a Post Build Event under the enclave project properties in
Microsoft* Visual Studio* IDE.  To follow the different command character set
rules in different platforms, sgx_sign Command-Line is case-insensitive in
Windows* OS.
sgx_sign generates the output file and returns 0 for success. Otherwise, it
generates an error message and returns -1.

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Enclave Signing Key Management

An enclave project supports different signing methods needed by ISVs during
the enclave development life cycle.
 l Single-step method using the ISV’s test private key:
The signing tool supports a single-step signing process, which requires
the access to the signing key pair on the local build system. However,
there is a requirement that any white-listed enclave signing key must be
managed in a hardware security module. Thus, the ISV’s test private key
stored in the build platform will not be white-listed and enclaves signed
with this key can only be launched in debug or prerelease mode. In this
scenario, the ISV manages the signing key pair, which could be gen-
erated by the Microsoft* Visual Studio Wizard when the enclave project
is created or by the ISV using his own means. Single-step method is the
default signing method for non-production enclave applications, which
are created with the Intel SGX project debug and prerelease profiles.
 l 2-step method using an external signing tool:
 1. First step: At the end of the enclave build process, the signing tool
generates the enclave signing material. The ISV may also generate
the enclave signing material file by an option available in the
Microsoft* Visual Studio Add-in.
The ISV takes the enclave signing material file to an external sign-
ing platform/facility where the private key is stored, signs the sign-
ing material file, and takes the resulting signature file back to the
build platform.
 2. Second step: The ISV selects the Second Step Signing option from
the Microsoft* Visual Studio Add-in to add the hash of the public
key and signature to the enclave’s metadata section.
The 2-step signing process protects the signing key in a separate facility.
Thus it is the default signing method for the Intel SGX project release
profile. This means it is the only method for signing production enclave
applications.

File Formats
There are several files with various formats followed by the different options.
The file format details are listed below.
Table 5 Signing Tool File Formats

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File Format Description

Enclave file DLL A standard DLL.
Signed DLL sgx_sign generates the signed enclave file , which
enclave file includes the signature, to the enclave file.
Configuration XML See Enclave Configuration File.
file
Key file PEM Key file should follow the PEM format which contains an
unencrypted RSA 3072-bit key. The public exponent
must be 3.
Enclave hex RAW A dump file of the enclave signing material data to be
file signed with the private RSA key.
Signature file RAW A dump file of the signature generated at the ISV’s sign-
ing facility. The signature should follow the RSA-
PKCS1.5 padding scheme. The signature should be gen-
erated using the v1.5 version of the RSA scheme with
an SHA-256 message digest.
Metadata file RAW A dump file containing the SIGStruct metadata for the
signed enclave. This file is submitted when requesting
that a production enclave be whitelisted by Intel.

Signing Key Files

The enclave signing tool only accepts key files in the PEM format and that are
unencrypted. When an enclave project is created for the first time, you have to
choose either using an already existing signing key or automatically generating
one key for you. When you choose to import a pre-existing key, ensure that
such key is in PEM format and unencrypted. If that is not the case, convert the
signing key to the format accepted by the Signing Tool first. For instance, the
following command converts an encrypted private key in PKCS#8/DER format
to unencrypted PEM format:
openssl pkcs8 –inform DER –in private_pkcs8.der –outform 
PEM –out private_pkcs1.pem
Depending on the platform OS, the openssl* utility might be installed already
or it may be shipped with the Intel® SGX SDK.

Enclave Signer Usage Examples

The following are typical examples for signing an enclave using the one-step
or the two-step method. When the private signing key is available at the build
platform, you may follow the one-step signing process to sign your enclave.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

However, when the private key is only accessible in an isolated signing facility,
you must follow the two-step signing process described below.
 l One-step signing process:
Signing an enclave using a private key available on the build system:
sgx_sign sign -enclave enclave.dll -config con-
fig.xml -out enclave_signed.dll -key private.pem
 l Two-step signing process:
Signing an enclave using a private key stored in an HSM, for instance:
 1. Generate the enclave signing material.
sgx_sign gendata -enclave enclave.dll -config 
config.xml -out enclave_sig.dat
 2. At the signing facility, sign the file containing the enclave signing
material (enclave_sig.dat) and take the resulting signature file
(signature.dat) back to the build platform.
 3. Sign the enclave using the signature file and public key.
sgx_sign catsig -enclave enclave.dll -config con-
fig.xml -out enclave_signed.dll -key public.pem 
-sig signature.dat -unsigned enclave_sig.dat

The configuration file config.xml is optional. If you do not provide a con-

figuration file, the signing tool uses the default configuration values.
 
The following example illustrates generating a report of metadata information
for a signed enclave:
sgx_sign dump -enclave enclave_signed.dll -dumpfile 
metadata_info.txt
 
Intel® SGX SDK provides a tool for operating with both 32-bit and 64-bit
enclaves.

OpenSSL* Examples
The following command lines are typical examples using OpenSSL*.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

 1. Generate a 3072-bit RSA private key. Use 3 as the public exponent
value.

openssl genrsa -out private_key.pem -3 3072
 
 2. Produce the public part of a private RSA key.

openssl rsa -in private_key.pem -pubout -out public_
key.pem
 

 3. Sign the file containing the enclave signing material.

openssl dgst -sha256 -out signature.dat -sign private_
key.pem -keyform PEM enclave_sig.dat

Enclave Debugger
Only a debug mode enclave can be debugged with the Intel® SGX debugger:
 l The enclave must be built as debuggable. See Enclave Settings to unse-
lect Ensure the enclave cannot be launched in debug mode in the
enclave Advanced Configuration.
 l In the application, the enclave must be loaded in the debug mode. To
load an enclave in the debug mode, the debugger flag (the second para-
meter of sgx_create_enclave) must be TRUE.

To utilize the Intel® SGX debugger to debug an enclave, you must change the
Microsoft* Visual Studio* project properties for the Intel® SGX application.
 1. Right click the untrusted application project and select Project Prop-
erties.
 2. Go to Properties->Configuration Properties->Debugging and select
Intel® SGX Debugger as shown below.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Figure 11 Intel® SGX Debugger Enabling

 3. After you select the Intel® SGX Debugger, edit the Working Directory
and type $(OutDir).

Starting and Debugging an Enclaved Application from within Microsoft* Visual Stu-
dio
Once the Intel® Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX) Debugger is selected
for the application project, setting breakpoints and/or stepping into an
enclave works exactly like normal application debugging in Microsoft* Visual
Studio*.

Attaching to and Debugging an Enclave inside a Running Process

Use the following steps to attach to and debug an enclave inside a running pro-
cess:

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

 1. In Microsoft* Visual Studio*, select DEBUG-> Attach to process-

>Select->Intel® SGX code.
 2. Highlight the process that you would like to attach to and debug; then
click the Select button.
 3. In the pop-up dialog, Select Code Type, select Debug these code
types; then check Intel® SGX.
 4. Click OK in the Select Code Type dialog, and click Attach in the Attach
to Process dialog.

When the Intel® SGX Debugger is used as a remote debugger, the host
machine needs both the Intel® SGX SDK and the Intel® SGX Debugger
installed; the target machine needs the Intel® SGX Debugger and the
Microsoft* Visual Studio* remote debugger server:
 1. On the target machine, launch the Remote Debugging Monitor (msvs-
mon.exe) that was installed as a part of Microsoft* Visual Studio*.
 2. On the host machine, select DEBUG-> Attach to process->Select->In-
tel® SGX code in the Microsoft* Visual Studio* and set the qualifier as
the target machine name or IP address.

NOTE:
The remote machine may have multiple versions of the Remote Debugging
Monitor. Ensure that the version of the Remote Debugging Monitor being run
corresponds to the version of Microsoft* Visual Studio* that was configured
during the installation of the Intel® SGX SDK.
See Remote Debugging Setup at https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/visu-
alstudio/debugger/remote-debugging
The Intel® SGX Debugger can be used to debug both an enclave project and
an untrusted application, but cannot be used to debug the uRTS and tRTS,
which are parts of the Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK. When a break-
point occurs inside the uRTS or tRTS, the debugger is not able to display any
symbols and the button step out does not work. To fix this issue, manually
add one more break point outside the uRTS and tRTS.
The Intel® SGX Debugger only supports native C/C++ code. It is not able to
debug managed code or native/managed code mix mode. If the enclave is
used in the mix mode, you can debug it using the debugger attach feature
only.

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Attaching to and Debugging an Enclave inside a Running Universal Windows

Application
The enclave inside a Universal Windows Platform (UWP) Application can only
be debugged by the attach mode, because the Intel® Software Guard Exten-
sions (Intel® SGX) Debugger cannot launch the UWP Application directly.
Please see Attaching to and Debugging an Enclave inside a Running Process
for more details.

Enclave Memory Measurement Tool

An enclave is an isolated environment. The Intel® Software Guard Extensions
SDK provides a tool called sgx_emmt to measure the real usage of protected
memory by the enclave at runtime.
Currently the enclave memory measurement tool provides the following func-
tions:
1. Get the stack peak usage value for the enclave.
2. Get the heap peak usage value for the enclave.
3. Get the reserved memory peak usage value for the enclave.
The tool reports the size of the memory usage in KB. Once you get accurate
memory usage information for your enclaves, you can rework the enclave con-
figuration file based on this information to make full use of the protected
memory. See Enclave Configuration File for details.
The tool is a separate application under Windows* OS. To measure the pro-
tected memory consumption by one enclave, leverage this tool to launch a
test application which in turns loads the enclave. Use the following syntax for
sgx_emmt:
sgx_emmt [–-enclave=<enclave list>] application_name 
<application args>
Arguments:
--enclave:
This is an optional argument. It follows the measurement targets which are spe-
cified by <enclave list>. If users do not provide this parameter, the tool
will collect the protected memory usage information for each measurable
enclave. If more than one enclave needs to be measured, all the enclave
names should be listed in <enclave list> separated by comma (,) without
any blank space.
application:

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

It is the required argument which indicates the test application name. The
application arguments are provided in <application args> if there are
any.
Examples:
Assume a test application name is myApp with two input parameters. The test
application manages three enclaves named myEnclave1, myEnclave2,
myEnclave3.
1. Measure all the enclaves:
sgx_emmt myApp.exe app_arg1 app_arg2
2. Measure two enclave targets:
sgx_emmt –-enclave-
e=myEnclave1.signed.dll,myEnclave2.signed.dll myApp.exe 
app_arg1 app_arg2

NOTE:
The enclave memory measurement tool works based on the assumption that
the measurement targets are measurable enclaves and the symbol files of the
measurement targets can be found by default. A measurable enclave should
meet the following requirements:
 1. The enclave should be a debuggable enclave. This means that the <Dis-
ableDebug> configuration parameter in the enclave configuration file
should be set to 0.
 2. This tool requires the enclave debug information. The enclave module
should generate the debug information (/Zi/ZI/Z7 and /DEBUG) at
build time.
 3. The enclave should be launched in debug mode. To launch the enclave
in debug mode, set the debug flag to 1 when calling sgx_create_enclave
to load the enclave.

NOTE:
Two versions of sgx_emmt are provided in the Intel® Software Guard Exten-
sions SDK: 32bit version and 64bit version. Cross utilizing the tool will cause a
measurement failure. By default, the 64bit version is utilized. To measure
32bit enclaves, use the 32bit version sgx_emmt manually.

NOTE:

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

To enable the symbol files to be found by default, locate the symbol files
where they are generated or place the symbol files at current working dir-
ectory.

CPUSVN Configuration Tool

CPUSVN stands for Security Version Number of the CPU, which affects the key
derivation and report generation process. CPUSVN is not a numeric concept
and will be upgraded/downgraded along with the hardware upgrade/-
downgrade. To simulate the CPUSVN upgrade/downgrade without modifying
the hardware, the Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK provides a CPUSVN
configuration tool for you to configure the CPUSVN. The CPUSVN con-
figuration tool is for Intel® SGX simulation mode only and can be launched as a
command line tool or as a GUI tool. It depends on your input.
Command-Line Syntax
To run the Intel® SGX CPUSVN configuration tool, use the following syntax:
sgx_config_cpusvn [Command]
The valid commands are listed in the table below:
Table 6 CPUSVN Configuration Tool Commands

Command Description
-upgrade Simulate a CPUSVN upgrade.
-downgrade Simulate a CPUSVN downgrade.
-reset Restore the CPUSVN to its default value.

If the [Command] is omitted, the tool will be launched as a GUI tool and the
following dialog will be shown. Then, you can simulate the CPUSVN upgrade/-
downgrade/reset by clicking the corresponding button.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Figure 12 CPUSVN Configuration Tool Dialog

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Enclave Development Basics

This topic introduces the following enclave development basics:
 l Writing Enclave Functions
 l Calling Functions inside the Enclave
 l Calling Functions outside the Enclave
 l Linking Enclave with Libraries
 l Linking Application with Untrusted Libraries
 l Enclave Definition Language Syntax
 l Loading and Unloading an Enclave

The typical enclave development process includes the following steps:

 1. Use IDE plug-in wizard to generate an enclave project. See Using
Microsoft* Visual Studio* Intel® Software Guard Extensions Wizard for
additional details.
 2. Define the interface between the untrusted application and the enclave
in the EDL file.
 3. Implement the application and enclave functions.
 4. Build the application and enclave. In the build process, Edger8r Tool gen-
erates trusted and untrusted proxy/bridge functions. Enclave Signing
Tool generates the metadata and signature for the enclave.
 5. Run and debug the application in simulation and hardware modes. See
Enclave Debugger for more details.
 6. Prepare the application and enclave for release.

Writing Enclave Functions

From an application perspective, making an enclave call (ECALL) appears as
any other function call when using the untrusted proxy function. Enclave func-
tions are plain C/C++ functions with several limitations.
The user can write enclave functions in C and C++ (native only). Other lan-
guages are not supported.
Enclave functions can rely on special versions of the C/C++ runtime libraries,
STL, synchronization and several other trusted libraries that are part of the
Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK. These trusted libraries are specifically
designed to be used inside enclaves.

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The user can write or use other trusted libraries, making sure the libraries fol-
low the same rules as the internal enclave functions:
 1. Enclave functions can’t use all the available 32-bit or 64-bit instructions.
To check a list of illegal instructions inside an enclave, see Intel® Soft-
ware Guard Extensions Programming Reference.
 2. Enclave functions will only run in user mode (ring 3). Using instructions
requiring other CPU privileges will cause the enclave to fault.
 3. Function calls within an enclave are possible if the called function is stat-
ically linked to the enclave (the function needs to be in the enclave
image file). Windows* Dynamic libraries are not supported.

CAUTION:
The enclave signing process will fail if the enclave image contains any unre-
solved dependencies at build time.
Calling functions outside the enclave is possible using what are called OCALLs.
OCALLs are explained in detail in the Calling Functions outside the Enclave sec-
tion.
Table 7 Summary of Intel® SGX Rules and Limitations

Feature Supported Comment

Languages Partially Native C/C++. Enclave interface functions are lim-
ited to C (no C++).
C/C++ calls to No Can be done by explicit external calls (OCALLs).
other DLLs
C/C++ calls to No A trusted version of these libraries is supplied
System with the Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK
provided and they can be used instead.
C/C++/STL
standard lib-
raries
OS API calls (for No Can be done by explicit external calls (OCALLs).
example,
WIN32)
C++ frame- No Including MFC*, QT*, Boost* (partially – as long as
works Boost runtime is not used).
Call C++ class Yes Including C++ classes, static and inline functions.
methods
Intrinsic func- Partially Supported only if they use supported instruc-

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tions tions.
The allowed functions are included in the Intel®
Software Guard Extensions SDK.
Inline assembly Partially Same as the intrinsic functions.
Template func- Partially Only supported in enclave internal functions
tions
Ellipse (…) Partially Only supported in enclave internal functions
Varargs (va_ Partially Only supported in enclave internal functions.
list)
Synchronization Partially The Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK
provides a collection of functions/objects for
synchronization: spin-lock, mutex, and condition
variable.
Threading sup- Partially Creating threads inside the enclave is not sup-
port ported. Threads that run inside the enclave are
created within the (untrusted) application. Spin-
locks, trusted mutex and condition variables API
can be used for thread synchronization inside the
enclave.
Thread Local Partially  Only implicitly via declspec(thread), Thread_
Storage (TLS) local, or thread_local. No dynamic allocation of
TLS.
Dynamic Yes Enclave memory is a limited resource. Maximum
memory alloc- heap size is set at enclave creation.
ation
C++ Exceptions Yes Although they have an impact on performance.
SEH Exceptions No The Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK
provides an API to allow you to register functions,
or exception handlers, to handle a limited set of
hardware exceptions. See Custom Exception
Handling for more details.

Calling Functions inside the Enclave

After an enclave is loaded successfully, you get an enclave ID, which is
provided as a parameter when the ECALLs are performed. Optionally, OCALLs
can be performed within an ECALL. For example, assume that you need to com-
pute some secret inside an enclave, the EDL file might look like the following:

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// demo.edl
enclave {
// Add your definition of "secret_t" here
trusted {
public void get_secret([out] secret_t* secret);
};
untrusted {
// This OCALL is for illustration purposes only.
// It should not be used in a real enclave,
// unless it is during the development phase
// for debugging purposes.
void dump_secret([in] const secret_t* secret);
};
};
 
With the above EDL, the sgx_edger8r will generate an untrusted proxy func-
tion for the ECALL and a trusted proxy function for the OCALL:
Untrusted proxy function (called by the application):
sgx_status_t get_secret(sgx_enclave_id_t eid, secret_t* 
secret);
 
Trusted proxy function (called by the enclave):
sgx_status_t dump_secret(const secret_t* secret);
 
The generated untrusted proxy function will automatically call into the
enclave with the parameters to be passed to the real trusted function get_
secret inside the enclave. To initiate an ECALL in the application:
// An enclave call (ECALL) will happen here
secret_t secret;
sgx_status_t status = get_secret(eid, &secret);
 
The trusted functions inside the enclave can optionally do an OCALL to dump
the secret with the trusted proxy dump_secret. It will automatically call out
of the enclave with the given parameters to be received by the real untrusted
function dump_secret. The real untrusted function needs to be imple-
mented by the developer and linked with the application.

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Checking the Return Value

The trusted and untrusted proxy functions return a value of type sgx_
status_t. If the proxy function runs successfully, it will return SGX_
SUCCESS. Otherwise, it indicates a specific error described in Error Codes sec-
tion. You can refer to the sample code shipped with the SDK for examples of
proper error handling.

Calling Functions outside the Enclave

In some cases, the code within the enclave needs to call external functions
which reside in untrusted (unprotected) memory to use operating system cap-
abilities outside the enclave such as system calls, I/O operations, and so on.
This type of function call is named OCALL.
These functions need to be declared in the EDL file in the untrusted section.
See Enclave Definition Language Syntax for more details.
The enclave image is loaded very similarly to how Windows*OS loads DLLs.
The function address space of the application is shared with the enclave so
the enclave code can indirectly call functions linked with the application that
created the enclave. Calling functions from the application directly is not per-
mitted and will raise an exception at runtime.

CAUTION:
The wrapper functions copy the parameters from protected (enclave)
memory to unprotected memory as the external function cannot access pro-
tected memory regions. In particular, the OCALL parameters are copied into
the untrusted stack. Depending on the number of parameters, the OCALL may
cause a stack overrun in the untrusted domain. The exception that this event
will trigger will appear to come from the code that the sgx_eder8r generates
based on the enclave EDL file. However, the exception can be easily detected
using the Intel® SGX debugger.

CAUTION:
The wrapper functions will copy buffers (memory referenced by pointers) only
if these pointers are assigned special attributes in the EDL file.

CAUTION:
Certain trusted libraries distributed with the Intel® Software Guard Extensions
SDK provide an API that internally makes OCALLs. Currently, the Intel®

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Software Guard Extensions mutex, condition variable, and CPUID APIs from
sgx_tstdc.lib make OCALLs. Similarly, the trusted support library sgx_tser-
vice.lib, which provides services from the Platform Services Enclave (PSE-Op),
also makes OCALLs. Developers who use these APIs must first import the
needed OCALL functions from their corresponding EDL files. Otherwise,
developers will get a linker error when the enclave is built. See the Importing
EDL Libraries for details on how to import OCALL functions from a trusted lib-
rary EDL file.

CAUTION:
To help identify problems caused by missing imports, all OCALL functions
used in the Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK have the suffix ocall. For
instance, the linker error below indicates that the enclave needs to import the
OCALLs sgx_thread_wait_untrusted_event_ocall() and sgx_
thread_set_untrusted_event_ocall() that are needed in
sethread_mutex.obj, which is part of sgx_tstdc.lib.
sgx_tstdc.lib(sethread_mutex.obj) : error LNK2001: unre-
solved external symbol _sgx_thread_wait_untrusted_event_
ocall
sgx_tstdc.lib(sethread_mutex.obj) : error LNK2001: unre-
solved external symbol _sgx_thread_set_untrusted_event_
ocall

CAUTION:
Accessing protected memory from unprotected memory will result in abort
page semantics. This applies to all parts of the protected memory including
heap, stack, code and data.
Abort page semantics:
An attempt to read from a non-existent or disallowed resource returns all ones
for data (abort page). An attempt to write to a non-existent or disallowed phys-
ical resource is dropped. This behavior is unrelated to exception type abort
(the others being Fault and Trap).
OCALL functions have the following limitations/rules:
 l OCALL functions must be C functions, or C++ functions with C linkage.
 l Pointers that reference data within the enclave must be annotated with
pointer direction attributes in the EDL file. The wrapper function will per-
form shallow copy on these pointers. See Pointers for more information.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

 l Exceptions will not be caught within the enclave. The user must handle
them in the untrusted wrapper function.
 l OCALLs cannot have an ellipse (…) or a va_list in their prototype.

Example 1: The definition of a simple OCALL function

Step 1 – Add a declaration for foo in the EDL file
// foo.edl
enclave {
untrusted {
[cdecl] void foo(int param);
};
};
Step 2 (optional but highly recommended) – write a trusted, user-friendly
wrapper. This function is part of the enclave's trusted code.
The wrapper function ocall_foo function will look like:
// enclave's trusted code
#include "foo_t.h"
void ocall_foo(int param)
{
// it is necessary to check the return value of foo()
if (foo(param) != SGX_SUCCESS)
abort();
}
Step 3 – write an untrusted foo function.
// untrusted code
void foo(int param)
{
// the implementation of foo
}
The sgx_edger8r will generate an untrusted bridge function which will call
the untrusted function foo automatically. This untrusted bridge and the tar-
get untrusted function are part of the application, not the enclave.

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Library Development for Enclaves

Trusted library is the term used to refer to a static library designed to be
linked with an enclave. The following list describes the features of trusted lib-
raries:
 l Trusted libraries are components of an Intel® SGX-based solution. They
typically undergo a more rigorous threat evaluation and review process
than a regular static library.
 l A trusted library is developed (or ported) with the specific purpose of
being used within an enclave. Therefore, it should not contain instruc-
tions that are not supported by the Intel® SGX architecture.
 l A subset of the trusted library API may also be part of the enclave inter-
face. The trusted library interface that could be exposed to the untrus-
ted domain is defined in an EDL file. If present, this EDL file is a key
component of the trusted library.
 l A trusted library may have to be shipped with an untrusted library. Func-
tions within the trusted library may make OCALLs outside the enclave. If
an external function that the trusted library uses is not provided by the
libraries available on the platform, the trusted library will require an
untrusted support library.

In summary, a trusted library, in addition to the .lib file containing the trus-
ted code and data, may also include an .edl file as well as an untrusted .lib
file.
This topic describes the process of developing a trusted library and provides
an overview of the main steps necessary to build an enclave that uses such a
trusted library.
 1. The ISV provides a trusted library including the trusted functions
(without any edge-routines) and, when necessary, an EDL file and an
untrusted support library. To develop a trusted library, an ISV should cre-
ate an enclave project and choose the library option in the Intel®
SGX Wizard. This ensures the library is built with the appropriate set-
tings. The ISV might delete the EDL file from the project if the trusted lib-
rary only provides an interface to be invoked within an enclave. The ISV
should create a standard static library project for the untrusted support
library, if required.
 2. Add a “from/import” statement with the library EDL file path and name

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

to the enclave EDL file. The import statement indicates which trusted
functions (ECALLs) from the library may be called from outside the
enclave and which untrusted functions (OCALLs) are called from within
the trusted library. You may import all ECALLs and OCALLs from the trus-
ted library or select a specific subset of them.
A library EDL file may import additional library EDL files building a hier-
archical structure. For additional details, See Importing EDL Libraries.
 3. During the enclave build process, the sgx_edger8r generates
proxy/bridge code for all the trusted and untrusted functions. The gen-
erated code accounts for the functions declared in the enclave EDL file
as well as any imported trusted library EDL file.
 4. The trusted library and trusted proxy/bridge functions are linked to the
enclave code.

NOTE:
If you use the wildcard option to import a trusted library, the resulting
enclave contains the trusted bridge functions for all ECALLs and their cor-
responding implementations. The linker will not be able to optimize this
code out.
 5. The Intel® SGX application is linked to the untrusted proxy/bridge code.
Similarly, when the wildcard import option is used, the untrusted bridge
functions for all the OCALLs will be linked in.

Avoiding Name Collisions

An application may be designed to work with multiple enclaves. In this scen-
ario, each enclave would still be an independent compilation unit resulting in a
separate DLL file.
Enclaves, like regular DLL files, should provide a unique interface to avoid
name collisions when an untrusted application is linked with the edge-routines
of several enclaves. The sgx_edger8r prevents name collisions among
OCALL functions because it automatically prepends the enclave name to the
names of the untrusted bridge functions. However, ISVs must ensure the
uniqueness of the ECALL function names across enclaves to prevent collisions
among ECALL functions.
Despite having unique ECALL function names, name collision may also occur as
the result of developing an Intel® SGX application. This happens because an
enclave cannot import another DLL file. When two enclaves import the same

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

ECALL function from a trusted library, the set of edge-routines for each
enclave will contain identical untrusted proxy functions and marshaling data
structures for the imported ECALL. Thus, the linker will emit an error when the
application is linked with these two sets of edge-routines. To build an applic-
ation with more than one enclave when these enclaves import the same ECALL
from a trusted library, ISVs have to:
 1. Provide the --use-prefix option to sgx_edger8r, which will pre-
pend the enclave name to the untrusted proxy function names. For
instance, when an enclave uses the local attestation trusted library
sample code included in the Intel® SGX SDK, the enclave EDL file must
be parsed with the --use-prefix option to sgx_edger8r. See Local
Attestation for additional details.
 2. Prefix all ECALLs in their untrusted code with the enclave name, match-
ing the new proxy function names.

Linking Enclave with Libraries

This topic introduces how to link an enclave with the following types of lib-
raries:
 l Dynamic libraries
 l Static Libraries
 l Simulation Libraries

Dynamic Libraries
An enclave DLL must not depend on any dynamically linked library in any way.
The enclave loader has been intentionally designed to prohibit dynamic link-
ing of libraries within an enclave. The protection of an enclave is dependent
upon obtaining an accurate measurement of all code and data that is placed
into the enclave at load time; thus, dynamic linking would add complexity
without providing any benefit over static linking.

CAUTION:
The enclave image signing process will fail if the enclave file has any unre-
solved dependencies. It means that an enclave must have an empty IAT
(Import Address Table).

Static Libraries
You can link with static libraries as long as they do not have any dependencies.

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The Intel® Software Guard Extensions Software Development Kit (Intel® SGX
SDK) provides the following collection of trusted libraries.
Table 8 Trusted Libraries included in the Intel® SGX SDK
Name Description Comment
sgx_trts.lib Intel® SGX Runtime library Must link when
running in HW
mode
sgx_trts_ Intel® SGX Runtime library (simulation Must link when
sim.lib mode) running in sim-
ulation mode
sgx_ Standard C library (math, string, and so on.) Must link
tstdc.lib
sgx_tcxx.lib Standard C++ libraries, STL Optional
sgx_tser- Data seal/unseal (encryption), trusted Archi- Must link when
vice.lib tectural Enclaves support, Elliptic Curve Dif- using HW
fie-Hellman (EC DH) library, and so on. mode
sgx_tser- The counterpart of sgx_tservice.lib for sim- Must link when
vice_sim.lib ulation mode using sim-
ulation mode
sgx_ Cryptographic library Must link
tcrypto.lib
sgx_tkey_ Trusted key exchange library Optional
exchange.lib
sgx_tpro- Protected File System library Optional
tected_
fs.lib  
sgx_tedm- Support for Intel® SGX Enclave Dynamic Optional,
m.lib Memory Management (Intel® SGX EDMM) on Import sgx_
Intel® SGX 2.0 hardware platforms tedmm.edl
libsgx_ Switchless Enclave Function Calls Optional
tswitchless.asgx_
tswitchless.lib
sgx_pcl.lib Enables Intel® SGX Protected Code Loader Optional
for enclave code confidentiality

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Simulation Libraries
The Intel® SGX SDK provides simulation libraries to run application enclaves in
simulation mode (Intel® SGX hardware is not required). There are an untrusted
simulation library and a trusted simulation library. The untrusted simulation lib-
rary provides the functionality that the untrusted runtime library requires to
manage an enclave linked with the trusted simulation library, including the sim-
ulation of the Intel® SGX instructions executed outside the enclave: ECREATE,
EADD, EEXTEND, EINIT, EREMOVE, and EENTER. The trusted simulation library
is primarily responsible for simulating the Intel® SGX instructions that can
execute inside an enclave: EEXIT, EGETKEY, and EREPORT.

NOTE
Simulation mode does not require the Intel SGX support in the CPU. However,
the processor must support the Intel® Streaming SIMD Extensions 4.1 instruc-
tions at least.

Linking Application with Untrusted Libraries

The Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK provides the following collection of
untrusted libraries.
Table 9 Untrusted Libraries included in the Intel® SGX SDK
Name Description Comment
sgx_urts.lib Provides functionality for applications Must link when run-
to manage enclaves ning in HW mode.
sgx_urts.dll is
included in Intel®
SGX PSW
sgx_urts_sim- uRTS library used in simulation mode Dynamically linked
d.dll
sgx_urts_ The counterpart of sgx_urts.lib for Must link when run-
sim.lib simulation mode ning in simulation
mode
sgx_uae_ser- Provides both enclaves and untrus- Must link when run-
vice.lib ted applications access to services ning in HW mode.
provided by the AEs
sgx_uae_ser-
vice.dll is
included in Intel®
SGX PSW

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

sgx_uae_ser- Untrusted AE support library used in Dynamically linked

vice_sim.dll simulation mode
sgx_uae_ser- The counterpart of sgx_uae_ser- Must link when run-
vice_sim.lib vice.lib for simulation mode ning in simulation
mode
sgx_ukey_ Untrusted key exchange library (built Optional
exchange.lib with /MD)
sgx_ukey_ Untrusted key exchange library (built Optional
exchangemt.lib with /MT)
sgx_status.dll Provides functionality for applications Optional
to register Enclave Signing Key White
List Certificate Chain
sgx_cap- Provides functionality for applications Optional
able.dll to query Intel® SGX device status and
the version of PSW installed, or to
enable the Intel® SGX device.
sgx_uprotected_ Provides implementation for system Optional
fs.lib calls outside an enclave required by
Intel® Protected File System library.

Loading Untrusted Intel® SGX DLLs

The Intel® SGX DLLs shipped with the Intel® SGX PSW (sgx_urts.dll and
sgx_uae_service.dll) are installed in the system directory. You must
lock down the Intel® SGX application installation directory. Otherwise, you
must explicitly load these two DLLs.
Suppose an attacker gains control over the directory where the application is
installed and inserts a malicious copy of an Intel® SGX DLL in that directory. If
the application implicitly loads the Intel® SGX DLLs, then the bad copy will get
loaded before the original Intel® SGX DLLs from the system path.
To make sure that an Intel® SGX application is loading the Intel® SGX DLLs
from the system directory, the application should explicitly load the two DLLs
in the following order:
 1. sgx_uae_service.dll
 2. sgx_urts.dll

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Enclave Definition Language Syntax

Enclave Definition Language (EDL) files are meant to describe enclave trusted
and untrusted functions and types used in the function prototypes. Edger8r
Tool uses this file to create C wrapper functions for both enclave exports
(used by ECALLs) and imports (used by OCALLs).
EDL Template
enclave {
//Include files 
 
//Import other edl files
 
//Data structure declarations to be used as parameters of the
//function prototypes in edl
 
trusted {
//Include header files if any
//Will be includedd in enclave_t.h
 
//Trusted function prototypes
 
};
 
untrusted {
//Include header files if any
//Will be included in enclave_u.hhead
 
//Untrusted function prototypes
 
};
};
The trusted block is optional only if it is used as a library EDL, and this EDL
would be imported by other EDL files. However the untrusted block is always
optional.
Every EDL file follows this generic format:
 
enclave {
// An EDL file can optionally import functions from
// other EDL files
from “other/file.edl” import foo, bar;  // selective importing
from “another/file.edl” import *;       // import all functions
 
// Include C headers, these headers will be included in the
// generated files for both trusted and untrusted routines
include "string.h"

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include "mytypes.h"
 
// Type definitions (struct, union, enum), optional
struct mysecret {
int key;
const char* text;        
};
enum boolean { FALSE = 0, TRUE = 1 };
 
// Export functions (ECALLs), optional for library EDLs
trusted { 
//Include header files if any
//Will be included in enclave_t.h
 
//Trusted function prototypes
 
public void set_secret([in] struct mysecret* psecret);
 
void some_private_func(enum boolean b); // private ECALL 
(non-root ECALL).
};
 
// Import functions (OCALLs), optional
untrusted {
 
//Include header files if any
//Will be included in enclave_u.h
//Will be inserted in untrusted header file
“untrusted.h”
 
//Untrusted function prototypes
 
// This OCALL is not allowed to make another ECALL.
void ocall_print();
 
// This OCALL can make an ECALL to function
// “some_private_func”.
int another_ocall([in] struct mysecret* psecret) 
allow(some_private_func);
};
};

Comments
Both types of C/C++ comments are valid.
Example
enclave {
include “stdio.h” // include stdio header
include “../../util.h” /* this header defines some custom public 
types */
};

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Include Headers
Include C headers which define types (C structs, unions, typedefs, etc.); oth-
erwise auto generated code cannot be compiled if these types are referenced
in EDL. The included header file can be global or belong to trusted functions
or untrusted functions only.
A global included header file doesn’t mean that the same header file is
included in the enclave and untrusted application code.  In the following
example, the enclave will use the stdio.h from the Intel® Software Guard
Extensions SDK. While the application code will use the stdio.h shipped
with the host compiler.
Using the include directive is convenient when developers are migrating
existing code to the Intel SGX technology, since data types are defined
already in this case. Similar to other IDL languages like Microsoft* interface
definition language (MIDL*) and CORBA* interface definition language (OMG-
IDL), a user can define data types inside the EDL file and sgx_edger8r will
generate a C header file with the data type definitions. For a list of supported
data types with in EDL, see Basic Types.
Syntax
include “filename.h”
 
Example
enclave {
include “stdio.h”      // global headers
include “../../util.h”
 
trusted {
include “foo.h”   // for trusted functions only
};
 
untrusted {
include “bar.h”   // for untrusted functions only
};
};

Keywords
The identifiers listed in the following table are reserved for use as keywords of
the Enclave Definition Language.
Table 10 EDL Reserved Keywords

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Data Types
char short int float double void
int8_t int16_t int32_t int64_t size_t wchar_t
uint8_t uint16_ uint32_t uint64_t unsigned struct
t
union enum long      
Pointer Parameter Handling
in out user_ count size readonly
check
isptr string wstring      
Others
enclave from import trusted untrusted include
public allow isary const propagate_ transition_using_
errno threads
Function Calling Convention
cdecl stdcall fastcall dllimport    

Basic Types
EDL supports the following basic types:
char, short, long, int, float, double, void, int8_t, 
int16_t, int32_t, int64_t, size_t, wchar_t, uint8_t, 
uint16_t, uint32_t, uint64_t, unsigned, struct, enum, 
union.
 
It also supports long long and 64-bit long double.
Basic data types can be modified using the C modifiers:
const, *, [].
 
Additional types can be defined by including a C header file.

Pointers
EDL defines several attributes that can be used with pointers:
in, out, user_check, string, wstring,  
size, count, 
isptr, readonly.
 

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Each of them is explained in the following topics.

CAUTION:
The pointer attributes explained in this topic apply to ECALL and OCALL func-
tion parameters exclusively, not to the pointers returned by an ECALL or
OCALL function. Thus, pointers returned by an ECALL or OCALL function are
not checked by the edge-routines and must be verified by the enclave and
application code.
Pointer Handling
Pointers should be decorated with either a pointer direction attribute in, out
or a user_check attribute explicitly. The [in] and [out] serve as direction
attributes.
 l [in] – when [in] is specified for a pointer argument, the parameter is
passed from the calling procedure to the called procedure. For an ECALL
the in parameter is passed from the application to the enclave, for an
OCALL the parameter is passed from the enclave to the application.
 l [out] – when [out] is specified for a pointer argument, the parameter is
returned from the called procedure to the calling procedure. In an ECALL
function an out parameter is passed from the enclave to the application
and an OCALL function passes it from the application to the enclave.
 l [in] and [out] attributes may be combined. In this case the parameter is
passed in both directions.

The direction attribute instructs the trusted edge-routines (trusted bridge

and trusted proxy) to copy the buffer pointed by the pointer. In order to copy
the buffer contents, the trusted edge-routines have to know how much data
needs to be copied. For this reason, the direction attribute is usually followed
by a size or count modifier. If neither of these is provided nor the pointer is
NULL, the trusted edge-routine assumes a count of one. When a buffer is
being copied, the trusted bridge must avoid overwriting enclave memory in
an ECALL and the trusted proxy must avoid leaking secrets in an OCALL. To
accomplish this goal, pointers passed as ECALL parameters must point to
untrusted memory and pointers passed as OCALL parameters must point to
trusted memory. If these conditions are not satisfied, the trusted bridge and
the trusted proxy will report an error at runtime, respectively, and the ECALL
and OCALL functions will not be executed.
You may use the direction attribute to trade protection for performance.
Otherwise, you must use the user_check attribute described below and

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validate the data obtained from untrusted memory via pointers before using
it, since the memory a pointer points to could change unexpectedly because it
is stored in untrusted memory. However, the direction attribute does not help
with structures that contain pointers. In this scenario, you have to validate and
copy the buffer contents, recursively if needed, yourself. Alternatively, you can
define a structure that can be deep copied. See Structure Deep Copy for
more information.
Example
enclave {
trusted {
 
public void test_ecall_user_check([user_check] int * ptr);
        
public void test_ecall_in([in] int * ptr);
        
public void test_ecall_out([out] int * ptr);
 
public void test_ecall_in_out([in, out] int * ptr);
        
};  
  
untrusted {
 
void test_ocall_user_check([user_check] int * ptr);
        
void test_ocall_in([in] int * ptr);
        
void test_ocall_out([out] int * ptr);
 
void test_ocall_in_out([in, out] int * ptr);
 
};
};
Unsupported Syntax:
enclave {
trusted {
 
// Pointers without a direction attribute
// or ‘user_check’ are not allowed
public void test_ecall_not(int * ptr);
 
// Function pointers are not allowed
public void test_ecall_func([in]int (*func_ptr)());
};    
};
In the example shown above:

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For ECALL:
 l [user_check]: In the function test_ecall_user_check, the pointer
ptr will not be verified; you should verify the pointer passed to the trus-
ted function. The buffer pointed to by ptr is not copied to inside buffer
either.
 l [in]: In the function test_ecall_in, a buffer with the same size as the
data type of ‘ptr’(int) will be allocated inside the enclave. Content poin-
ted to by ptr, one integer value, will be copied into the new allocated
memory inside. Any changes performed inside the enclave will not be vis-
ible to the untrusted application.
 l [out]: In the function test_ecall_out, a buffer with the same size as
the data type of  ‘ptr’(int) will be allocated inside the enclave, but the
content pointed to by ptr, one integer value will not be copied. Instead,
it will be initialized to zero. After the trusted function returns, the buffer
inside the enclave will be copied to the outside buffer pointed to by
ptr.
 l [in, out]: In the function test_ecall_in_out, a buffer with the same
size will be allocated inside the enclave, the content pointed to by ptr,
one integer value, will be copied to this buffer. After returning, the buffer
inside the enclave will be copied to the outside buffer.

For OCALL:
 l [user_check]: In the function test_ocall_user_check, the pointer
ptr will not be verified; the buffer pointed to by ptr is not copied to an
outside buffer. Besides, the application cannot read/modify the memory
pointed to by ptr, if ptr points to enclave memory.
 l [in]: In the function test_ocall_in, a buffer with the same size as the
data type of ptr(int) will be allocated in the 'application' side (untrusted
side). Content pointed to by ptr, one integer value, will be copied into
the newly allocated memory outside. Any changes performed by the
application will not be visible inside the enclave.
 l [out]: In the function test_ocall_out, a buffer with the same size as
the data type of ptr(int) will be allocated on the application side (untrus-
ted side) and its content will be initialized to zero. After the untrusted
function returns, the buffer outside the enclave will be copied to the
enclave buffer pointed to by ptr.

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 l [in, out]:  In the function test_ocall_in_out, a buffer with the same

size will be allocated in the application side, the content pointed to by
ptr,one integer value, will be copied to this buffer. After returning, the
buffer outside the enclave will be copied into the inside enclave buffer.

The following table summarizes behavior of wrapper functions when using the
in/out attributes:
Table 11 Behavior of wrapper functions when using the in/out attributes
  ECALL OCALL
user_ Pointer is not checked. Users must per- Pointer is not checked. Users
check form the check and/or copy. must perform the check
and/or copy
in Buffer copied from the application into Buffer copied from the
the enclave. Afterwards, changes will enclave to the application.
only affect the buffer inside enclave. Must be used if pointer points
Safe but slow. to enclave data.
out Trusted wrapper function will allocate a The untrusted buffer will be
buffer to be used by the enclave. Upon copied into the enclave by
return, this buffer will be copied to the the trusted wrapper function.
original buffer. Safe but slow.
in, Combines in and out behavior. Data is Same as ECALLs.
out copied back and forth.
EDL cannot analyze C typedefs and macros found in C headers. If a pointer
type is aliased to a type/macro that does not have an asterisk (*), the EDL
parser may report an error or not properly copy the pointer’s data.
In such cases, declare the type with [isptr] attribute to indicate that it is a
pointer type. See User Defined Data Types for more information.
Example:
// Error, PVOID is not a pointer in EDL
void foo([in, size=4] PVOID buffer);
// OK 
void foo([in, size=4] void* buffer);
// OK, “isptr” indicates “PVOID” is pointer type
void foo([in, isptr, size=4] PVOID buffer); 
// OK, opaque type, copy by value

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// Actual address must be in untrusted memory
void foo(HWND hWnd); 
Pointer Handling in ECALLs
In ECALLs, the trusted bridge checks that the marshaling structure does not
overlap with the enclave memory, and automatically allocates space on the
trusted stack to hold a copy of the structure. Then it checks that pointer para-
meters with their full range do not overlap with the enclave memory. When a
pointer to the untrusted memory with the in attribute is passed to the
enclave, the trusted bridge allocates memory inside the enclave and copies
the memory pointed to by the pointer from outside to the enclave memory.
When a pointer to the untrusted memory with the out attribute is passed to
the enclave, the trusted bridge allocates a buffer in the trusted memory, zer-
oes the buffer contents to clear any previous data and passes a pointer to this
buffer to the trusted function. After the trusted function returns, the trusted
bridge copies the contents of the trusted buffer to untrusted memory. When
the in and out attributes are combined, the trusted bridge allocates memory
inside the enclave, makes a copy of the buffer in the trusted memory before
calling the trusted function, and once the trusted function returns, the trusted
bridge copies the contents of the trusted buffer to the untrusted memory.
The amount of data copied out is the same as the amount of data copied in.

NOTE:
When an ECALL with a pointer parameter with out attribute returns, the trus-
ted bridge always copies data from the buffer in enclave memory to the buffer
outside. You must clear all sensitive data from that buffer on failure.
Before the trusted bridge returns, it frees all the trusted heap memory alloc-
ated at the beginning of the ECALL function for pointer parameters with a dir-
ection attribute. Attempting to use a buffer allocated by the trusted bridge
after it returns results in undefined behavior.
Pointer Handling in OCALLs
For OCALLs, the trusted proxy allocates memory on the outside stack to pass
the marshaling structure and checks that the pointer parameters with their full
range are within enclave. When a pointer to trusted memory with the in attrib-
ute is passed from an enclave (an OCALL), the trusted proxy allocates memory
outside the enclave and copies the memory pointed by the pointer from
inside the enclave to the untrusted memory. When a pointer to the trusted
memory with the out attribute is passed from an enclave (an OCALL), the trus-
ted proxy allocates a buffer on the untrusted stack, and passes a pointer to

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this buffer to the untrusted function. After the untrusted function returns, the
trusted proxy copies the contents of the untrusted buffer to the trusted
memory. When the in and out attributes are combined, the trusted proxy
allocates memory outside the enclave, makes a copy of the buffer in the
untrusted memory before calling the untrusted function, and after the untrus-
ted function returns the trusted proxy copies the contents of the untrusted
buffer to the trusted memory. The amount of data copied out is the same as
the amount of data copied in.
When the trusted proxy function returns, it frees all the untrusted stack
memory allocated at the beginning of the OCALL function for the pointer para-
meters with a direction attribute. Attempting to use a buffer allocated by the
trusted proxy after it returns results in undefined behavior.
Attribute: user_check
In certain situations, the restrictions imposed by the direction attribute may
not support the application needs for data communication across the enclave
boundary. For instance, a buffer might be too large to fit in enclave memory
and needs to be fragmented into smaller blocks that are then processed in a
series of ECALLs, or an application might require passing a pointer to trusted
memory (enclave context) as an ECALL parameter.
To support these specific scenarios, the EDL language provides the user_
check attribute. Parameters declared with the user_check attribute do not
undergo any of the checks described for [in] and [out] attributes.
However, you must understand the risks associated with passing pointers in
and out the enclave, in general, and the user_check attribute, in particular.
You must ensure that all the pointer checking and data copying are done cor-
rectly or risk compromising enclave secrets.
 
Buffer Size Calculation
The generalized formula for calculating the buffer size using these attributes:
Total number of bytes = count * size
 l The above formula holds when both count and size are specified.
 l If count is not specified for the pointer parameter, then it is assumed to
be equal to 1, i.e., count=1. Then total number of bytes equals to size.
 l If size is not specified, then the buffer size is calculated using the
above formula where size is sizeof (element pointed by the pointer).

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Attribute: size
The size attribute is used to indicate the buffer size in bytes used for copy
depending on the direction attribute ([in]/[out]) (when there is no count
attribute specified). This attribute is needed because the trusted bridge
needs to know the whole range of the buffer passed as a pointer to ensure it
does not overlap with the enclave memory, and to copy the contents of the
buffer from untrusted memory to trusted memory and/or vice versa depend-
ing on the direction attribute. The size may be either an integer constant or
one of the parameters to the function. size attribute is generally used for
void pointers.
Example
enclave{
trusted {
 
// Copies '100' bytes
 
public void test_size1([in, size=100] void* ptr, size_t len);
 
// Copies ‘len’ bytes
 
public void test_size2([in, size=len] void* ptr, size_t len);
};
};
Unsupported Syntax:
enclave{
trusted {
 
// size/count attributes must be used with
// pointer direction ([in, out])
void test_attribute_cant([size=len] void* ptr, size_t len);
};
};
Attribute: count
The count attribute is used to indicate a block of sizeof element pointed by
the pointer in bytes used for copy depending on the direction attribute. The
count and size attribute modifiers serve the same purpose. The number of
bytes copied by the trusted bridge or trusted proxy is the product of the
count and the size of the data type to which the parameter points. The count
may be either an integer constant or one of the parameters to the function.

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The size and count attribute modifiers may also be combined. In this case,
the trusted edge-routine will copy a number of bytes that is the product of
the count and size parameters (size*count) specified in the function declar-
ation in the EDL file.
Example
enclave{
trusted {
// Copies cnt * sizeof(int) bytes
public void test_count([in, count=cnt] int* ptr, unsigned 
cnt);
 
// Copies cnt * len bytes
public void test_count_size([in, count=cnt, size=len] int* 
ptr, unsigned cnt, size_t len);
};
};
Strings
The attributes string and wstring indicate that the parameter is a NULL
terminated C string or a NULL terminated wchar_t string, respectively. To
prevent "check first, use later" type of attacks, the trusted edge-routine first
operates in untrusted memory to determine the length of the string. Once the
string has been copied into the enclave, the trusted bridge explicitly
NULL terminates the string. The size of the buffer allocated in trusted memory
accounts for the length determined in the first step as well as the size of the
string termination character.

NOTE
There are some limitations on the usage of string and wstring attributes :
 l string and wstring must not be combined with any other modifier
such as size, or count.
 l string and wstring cannot be used with out alone. However,
string and wstring with both in and out are accepted.
 l string can only be used for char pointers; while wsting can only be
used for wchar_t pointers.

Example
enclave {
 
trusted {   
 

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// Cannot use [out] with "string/wstring" alone
// Using [in] , or [in, out] is acceptable
public void test_string([in, out, string] char* str);
 
public void test_wstring([in, out, wstring] char* wstr);
 
public void test_const_string([in, string] const char* str);
 
};
};
Unsupported Syntax:
enclave {
include "user_types.h"  //for typedef void const * pBuf2;
 
trusted {
 
// string/wstring attributes must be used 
// with pointer direction
void test_string_cant([string] char* ptr);
void test_string_cant_usercheck([user_check, string] char* 
ptr);
 
// string/wstring attributes cannot be used 
// with [out] attribute
void test_string_out([out, string] char* str);
 
// string/wstring attributes musted be used 
// for char/wchar_t pointers
void test_string_out([in, string] void* str);
 
};
};
In the first example, when the string attribute is used for function test_
string, strlen(str)+1 is used as the size for copying the string in and out
of the enclave. The extra byte is for null termination.
In the function test_wstring, wcslen(str)+1 (two-byte units) will be
used as the size for copying the string in and out of the enclave.
const Keyword
The EDL language accepts the const keyword with the same meaning as the
const keyword in the C standard. However, the support for this keyword is
limited in the EDL language. It may only be used with pointers and as the out-
ermost qualifier. This satisfies the most important usage in Intel® SGX, which is
to detect conflicts between const pointers (pointers to const data) with the

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out attribute. Other forms of the const keyword supported in the C stand-
ard are not supported in the EDL language.

Structures, Enums and Unions

Basic types and user defined data types can be used inside the struc-
ture/union except it differs from the standard in the following ways:
Unsupported Syntax:
enclave{
// 1. Each member of the structure has to be 
// defined separately
struct data_def_t{
int a, b, c; // Not allowed
// It has to be int a; int b; int c;
};
   
// 2. Bit fields in structures/unions are not allowed.
struct bitfields_t{
short i : 3;
short j : 6;
short k : 7;
};
 
//3. Nested structure definition is not allowed
struct my_struct_t{
int out_val;
float out_fval;
struct inner_struct_t{
int in_val;
float in_fval;
};
};
};
Valid Syntax:
enclave{
include "user_types.h" //for ufloat: typedef float ufloat
 
struct struct_foo_t {
uint32_t struct_foo_0;
uint64_t struct_foo_1;
};
 
enum enum_foo_t {
ENUM_FOO_0 = 0,
ENUM_FOO_1 = 1
};
 
union union_foo_t {

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

uint32_t union_foo_0;
uint32_t union_foo_1;
uint64_t union_foo_3;
};
 
trusted {
 
public void test_char(char val);
public void test_int(int val);
public void test_long(long long val);
 
public void test_float(float val);
public void test_ufloat(ufloat val);
public void test_double(double val);
public void test_long_double(long double val);
 
public void test_size_t(size_t val);
public void test_wchar_t(wchar_t val);
 
public void test_struct(struct struct_foo_t val);
public void test_struct2(struct_foo_t val);
 
public void test_enum(enum enum_foo_t val);
public void test_enum2(enum_foo_t val);
 
public void test_union(union union_foot_t val);
public void test_union2(union_foo_t val);
};
 
};

NOTE:
When referencing a structure, enum or union inside the EDL file, you must fol-
low C style and use the corresponding key word struct ,enum or union.
Structure Deep Copy
Member pointers in a structure can be decorated with a buffer size attribute
size, or count to indicate deep copy structure instead of shallow copy.
When the trusted edge-routines copy the buffer pointed by the structure
pointer, they also copy the buffer pointed by the structure member pointer
instructed by direction attribute of the structure pointer. The member pointer
values are also modified accordingly.
The buffer size of the structure must be a multiple of structure size and the
buffer is deep copied as an array of structure. Since function call by value
make a shallow copy, deep copy structure is not allowed to call by value. Dir-
ection attribute of deep copy structure pointer can be in and in, out. If a

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member pointer is not basic type, trusted edge-routines don't deep copy it
recursively .
Example
enclave {
struct struct_foo_t {
uint32_t count;
size_t size;
[count = count, size = size] uint64_t* buf;
};
 
trusted {
public void test_ecall_deep_copy([in, count = 1] struct 
struct_foo_t * ptr);
};  
};
Before calling the ecall , prepare the following data in untrusted domain as
parameter:
struct struct_foo_t foo = { 4, 8, data};
 
foo.count = 4;
foo.size = 8;
foo.buf = address of data[] in untrusted domain.
data[] = {0x1112131415161718,
0x2122232425262728,
0x3132333435363738,
0x4142434445464748}
 
After calling the ecall, the data in trusted domain will be:
struct struct_foo_t foo = { 4, 8, data2};
 
foo.count = 4;
foo.size = 8;
foo.buf = address of data2[] in trusted domain.
data2[] = {0x1112131415161718,
0x2122232425262728,
0x3132333435363738,
0x4142434445464748}

NOTE:
When deep copying a pointer parameter with in attribute in an OCALL, the
pointer in the structure, which is the address of a trusted domain, is copied to
untrusted domain ephemerally. You must avoid this scenario if the address is
sensitive data .

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Arrays
The Enclave Definition Language (EDL) supports multidimensional, fixed-size
arrays to be used in data structure definition and parameter declaration.
Arrays also should be decorated with the attribute [in], [out] or [user_
check] explicitly, which are similar to the pointers.

NOTE
Limitations on the array usage:
 l size/count cannot be used for array types
 l const cannot be used for array types
 l Zero-length arrays or flexible arrays are not supported by EDL syntax
 l Pointer arrays are not supported by EDL syntax

Example
enclave {
include "user_types.h"  //for uArray - typedef int uArray[10];
 
trusted {
 
public void test_array([in] int arr[4]);
 
public void test_array_multi([in] int arr[4][4]);
 
};
};
Unsupported Syntax:
enclave {
include "user_types.h"  //for uArray - typedef int uArray[10];
 
trusted {
 
// Flexible array is not supported
public void test_flexible(int arr[][4]);
 
// Zero-length array is not supported.
public void test_zero(int arr[0]);
 
};
};
A special attribute isary is used to designate function parameters that are of
a user defined type array. See User Defined Data Types for more information.

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User Defined Data Types

The Enclave Definition Language (EDL) supports user defined data types, but
should be defined in a header file. Any basic datatype which is typedef’ed into
another becomes a user defined data type.
Some user data types need to be annotated with special EDL attributes, such
as isptr, isary and readonly. If one of these attributes is missing when a
user-defined type parameter requires it so, the compiler will emit a com-
pilation error in the code that sgx_edger8r generates.
 l When there is a user defined data type for a pointer, isptr is used to
indicate that the user defined parameter is a pointer. See Pointers for
more information.

 l When there is a user defined data type for arrays, isary is used to indic-
ate that the user defined parameter is an array. See Arrays for more
information.

 l When an ECALL or OCALL parameter is a user defined type of a pointer

to a const data type, the parameter should be annotated with the
readonly attribute.

NOTE
isptr, isary and readonly can only be used to decorate a user defined
data type. Do not use them for any basic types, pointers or arrays.
readonly can only be used with isptr attribute. Any other usage of
readonly is not allowed.
Example
enclave {
include "user_types.h"  // for typedef void * pBuf;
  // and typedef void const * pBuf2;
  // and typedef int uArray[10];
 
trusted {   
 
public void test_isptr(
[in, isptr,  s ize=len] pBuf pBufptr, 
size_t len);
 
public void test_isptr_readonly(
[in, isptr, readonly, size=len] pBuf2 pBuf2ptr, 
size_t len);
 

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public void test_isary([in, isary] uArray arr);
};
};
Unsupported Syntax:
enclave {
include "user_types.h"  //for typedef void const * pBuf2;
  // and typedef int uArray[10];
 
trusted {
// Cannot use [out] when using [readonly] attribute
void test_isptr_readonly_cant(
[in, out, isptr, readonly,   s ize=len] pBuf2 
pBuf2ptr, 
size_t len);
 
// isptr cannot be used for pointers/arrays
public void test_isptr_cant1(
[in, isptr,  s ize=len] pBuf* pBufptr, 
size_t len);
public void test_isptr_cant2(
[in, isptr,  s ize=len] void* pBufptr, 
size_t len);
 
// User-defined array types need "isary"
public void test_miss_isary([in] uArray arr);
 
// size/count attributes cannot be used for user-defined 
array types
public void test_isary_cant_size(
[in, size=len] uArray arr, 
size_t len);,
 
// isary cannot be used for pointers/arrays
public void test_isary_cant(
[in, isary] uArray arr[4]); 
 
};
};
In the function test_isptr_readonly, pBuf2 (typedef void const * 
pBuf2) is a user defined pointer type, so isptr is used to indicate that it is a
user defined type. Also, the pBuff2ptr is readonly, so you cannot use the
out attribute.

Preprocessor Capability
The EDL language supports macro definition and conditional compilation dir-
ectives. To provide this capability, the sgx_edger8r first uses the compiler
preprocessor to parse the EDL file. Once all preprocessor tokens have been

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translated, the sgx_edger8r then parses the resulting file as regular EDL lan-
guage. This means that developers may define simple macros and use con-
ditional compilation directives to easily remove debug and test capabilities
from production enclaves, reducing the attack surface of an enclave. See the
following EDL example.
#define SGX_DEBUG
enclave {
trusted {
// ECALL definitions
}
untrusted {
// OCALL definitions
#ifdef SGX_DEBUG
void print([in, string] const char * str);
#endif
}
}
The current sgx_edger8r does not propagate macro definitions from the
EDL file into the generated edge-routines. As a result, you need to duplicate
macro definitions in both the EDL file as well as in the compiler arguments or
other source files.
We recommend you only use simple macro definitions and conditional com-
pilation directives in your EDL files.
The sgx_edger8r starts searching the PATH for the Intel® compiler. If it does
not find the Intel compiler, then it searches for the Microsoft* Visual Studio
compiler. The sgx_edger8r uses the first compiler it finds. However, if the
sgx_edger8r does not find any compiler in the PATH, it then looks for the
Visual Studio compiler in the registry. If the sgx_edger8r still cannot find a
compiler, it will then generate a warning message and will parse the EDL dir-
ectly. to parse macros and conditional compilation directives that might be in
the EDL file. You may override the default search behavior or even specify a
different preprocessor with the --preprocessor option.

Function Calling Convention for OCALLs

Untrusted functions can optionally receive attributes that affect their calling
convention and DLL linkage. You can find details on these calling conventions
at http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/984x0h58
The cdecl calling convention is the default as defined by the C standard.

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Improper use of the cdecl, stdcall or fastcall keywords may result in a

linker error.
OCALL functions (untrusted) may be implemented in DLLs, the keyword
dllimport is used to specify this attribute. Improper use of the dllimport
keyword will result in a compilation warning.
The calling convention is specified using the following keywords:
Table 12 Calling Convention Keywords
Value Stack Cleanup Parameter Passing
cdecl Caller Pushes parameters on the stack (right to left)
stdcall Callee Pushes parameters on the stack (right to left)
fastcall Callee Stored in registers, then pushed on stack (right to left)
These calling conventions affect 32-bit builds only. 64-bit builds have a single
calling convention, fastcall.
Example
The trusted function test_calling_convs() can use the standard func-
tions like file operations and others by using untrusted functions (OCALLs).
enclave {
include "sgx_stdio_stubs.h" //for FILE and other definitions
 
trusted {
public void test_calling_convs(void);
};
 
 
untrusted {
 
[cdecl, dllimport] FILE * fopen(
[in,string] const char * filename,
[in,string] const char * mode);
 
[cdecl, dllimport] int fclose([user_check] FILE * stream);
 
[cdecl, dllimport] size_t fwrite(
[in, size=size, count=count] const void * buf-
fer,
size_t size, 
size_t count,
[user_check]FILE * stream);
 
[fastcall] void test_fast_call([in]void* ptr);
      
[stdcall] void test_std_call(void);

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};
};
 
Unsupported Syntax:
enclave {
    
untrusted {
// Compiler warning without [cdecl,dllimport]
size_t fwrite([in, size=size, count=count] const void* ptr,
size_t size, 
size_t count, 
[user_check] FILE * stream);
 
// Compiler error without [stdcall]
// Redefinition due to different type modifiers
void test_std_call(void);
};
};

Propagating errno in OCALLs

OCALLs may use the propagate_errno attribute. When you use this attrib-
ute, the sgx_edger8r produces slightly different edge-routines. The errno
variable inside the enclave, which is provided by the trusted Standard C lib-
rary, is overwritten with the value of errno in the untrusted domain before
the OCALL returns. The trusted errno is updated upon OCALL completion
regardless whether the OCALL was successful or not. This does not change the
fundamental behavior of errno. A function that fails must set errno to indic-
ate what went wrong. A function that succeeds, in this case the OCALL, is
allowed to change the value of errno.
Example
enclave {
include "sgx_stdio_stubs.h" //for FILE and other definitions
 
trusted {
public void test_file_io(void);
};
 
untrusted {
 
[cdecl, dllimport] FILE * fopen(
[in,string] const char * filename,
[in,string] const char * mode) propagate_errno;
 

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[cdecl, dllimport] int fclose([user_check] FILE * stream) 
propagate_errno;
 
[cdecl, dllimport] size_t fwrite(
[in, size=size, count=count] const void * buf-
fer,
size_t size, 
size_t count,
[user_check]FILE * stream) propagate_errno;
};
};

Importing EDL Libraries
You can implement export and import functions in external trusted libraries,
akin to static libraries in the untrusted domain. To add these functions to an
enclave, use the enclave definition language (EDL) library import mechanism.
Use the EDL keywords from and import to add a library EDLfile to an
enclave EDL file is done .
The from keyword specifies the location of the library EDL file. Relative and
full paths are accepted. Relative paths are relative to the location of the EDL
file. It is recommended to use different names to distinguish the library EDL
file and the enclave EDL file.
The import keyword specifies the functions to import. An asterisk (*) can be
used to import all functions from the library. More than one function can be
imported by writing a list of function names separated by commas.
Syntax
from “lib_filename.edl” import func_name, func2_name;
Or
from “lib_filename.edl” import *;
Example
enclave {
    from “secure_comms.edl” import send_email, send_sms;
    from "../../sys/other_secure_comms.edl" import *;
};
A library EDL file may import another EDL file, which in turn, may import
another EDL file, creating a hierarchical structure as shown below:
// enclave.edl

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enclave {
from “other/file_L1.edl” import *;  // Import all functions
};
 
// Trusted library file_L1.edl
enclave {
from "file_L2.edl" import *; 
 
trusted {
public void test_int(int val);
};
};
 
// Trusted library file_L2.edl
enclave {
from "file_L3.edl" import *; 
 
trusted {
public void test_ptr(int* ptr);
};
};
 
// Trusted library file_L3.edl
enclave {
 
trusted {
public void test_float(float flt);
};
};

Granting Access to ECALLs

The default behavior is that ECALL functions cannot be called by any of the
untrusted functions.
To enable an ECALL to be directly called by application code as a root ECALL,
the ECALL should be explicitly decorated with the public keyword to be a

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public ECALL. Without this keyword, the ECALLs will be treated as private
ECALLs, and cannot be directly called as root ECALLs.
Syntax
trusted {
public <function prototype>;
};
An enclave EDL must have one or more public ECALLs, otherwise the Enclave
functions cannot be called at all and sgx_edger8r will report an error in this
case.
To grant an OCALL function access to an ECALL function, specify this access
using the allow keyword. Both public and private ECALLs can be put into the
allow list.
Syntax
untrusted {
<function prototype> allow (func_name, func2_name, …);
};
Example
enclave {
trusted {
public void clear_secret();
public void get_secret([out] secret_t* secret);
void set_secret([in] secret_t* secret);
};
untrusted {
void replace_secret(
[in] secret_t* new_secret,
[out] secret_t* old_secret)
allow (set_secret, clear_secret);
};
};
In the above example, the untrusted code is granted dif-
ferent access permission to the ECALLs.

ECALL called as root ECALL called from replace_secret

clear_secret Y Y
get_secret Y N
set_secret N Y

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Using Switchless Calls

ECALLs and OCALLs can use the transition_using_threads attribute as a post-
fix of the function declaration in the EDL file. When you use this attribute, the
sgx_edger8r produces different edge-routines.
ECALLs and OCALLs with the transition_using_threads attribute use the
Switchless mode of operation to serve the call.
(See: Using Switchless Calls)
Example
enclave {
trusted {
public void ecall_empty(void);
public void ecall_empty_switchless(void) transition_using_
threads;
};
untrusted {
void ocall_empty(void);
void ocall_empty_switchless(void) transition_using_threads;
};
};

Enclave Configuration File

The enclave configuration file is an XML file containing the user defined para-
meters of an enclave. This XML file is a part of the enclave project. A tool
named sgx_sign uses this file as an input to create the signature and
metadata for the enclave. Here is an example of the configuration file:
<EnclaveConfiguration>
<ProdID>100</ProdID>
<ISVSVN>1</ISVSVN>
<StackMaxSize>0x50000</StackMaxSize>
<HeapMaxSize>0x100000</HeapMaxSize>
<TCSNum>1</TCSNum>
<TCSPolicy>1</TCSPolicy>
<DisableDebug>0</DisableDebug>
<MiscSelect>0</MiscSelect>
<MiscMask>0xFFFFFFFF</MiscMask>
<EnableKSS>1</EnableKSS> 
<ISVEXTPRODID_H>1</ISVEXTPRODID_H>   
<ISVEXTPRODID_L>2</ISVEXTPRODID_L> 
<ISVFAMILYID_H>3</ISVFAMILYID_H> 
<ISVFAMILYID_L>4</ISVFAMILYID_L>
</EnclaveConfiguration>

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The table below lists the elements defined in the configuration file. All of them
are optional. Without a configuration file or if an element is not present in the
configuration file, the default value is be used.
Table 13 Enclave Configuration Default Values
Tag Description Default Value
ProdID ISV assigned Product ID. 0
ISVSVN ISV assigned SVN. 0
TCSNum The number of TCS.  Must 1
be greater than 0.
TCSPolicy TCS management policy. 1
0 – TCS is bound to the
untrusted thread.
1 – TCS is not bound to the
untrusted thread.
StackMaxSize The maximum stack size per 0x40000
thread.  Must be 4KB
aligned.
HeapMaxSize The maximum heap size for 0x1000000
the process. Must be 4KB
aligned.
DisableDebug Enclave cannot be 0 - Enclave can be
debugged. debugged
MiscSelect The desired Extended SSA 0
frame feature.
MiscMask The mask bits of MiscSelect 0xFFFFFFFF
to enforce.
EnableKSS Enable the Key Separation 0
and Sharing feature
ISVEXTPRODID_H ISV assigned Extended 0
Product ID
(High 8 bytes)
ISVEXTPRODID_L ISV assigned Extended 0
Product ID (Low 8 bytes)
ISVFAMILYID_H ISV assigned Family ID (High 0
8 bytes)
ISVFAMILYID_L ISV assigned Family ID (Low 0

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8 bytes)
MiscSelect and MiscMask are for future functional extension. Currently,
MiscSelect must be 0. Otherwise the corresponding enclave may not be
loaded successfully.
Set EnableKSS to 1 to enable the Key Separation & Sharing (KSS) feature for
the enclave. ISVEXTPRODID_H and ISVEXTPRODID_L are used to set the
ISV assigned Extended Product ID, which is a 16-byte value. ISVFAMILYID_H
and ISVFAMILYID_L are for the 16-bytes ISV assigned Family ID. Note that
you need to enable KSS before setting the ISV assigned Extended Product ID
and the ISV assigned Family ID.
To avoid wasting the valuable protected memory resource, you can properly
adjust the StackMaxSize and HeapMaxSize by using the measurement
tool sgx_emmt. See Enclave Memory Measurement Tool for details.
A Visual Studio Add-in named Intel® SGX Configuration is provided for users
to edit their configuration file conveniently. See Using Intel® SGX Con-
figuration Add-in for details.
If there is no enough stack for the enclave, ECALL returns the error code SGX_
ERROR_STACK_OVERRUN. This error code gives the information to enclave
writer that the StackMaxSize may need further adjustment.

Enclave Project Configurations
Depending on the development stage you are at, choose one of the following
project configurations to build an enclave:
 l Simulation: The simulation mode works in the same way as the debug
mode except the fact that true hardware is not exercised, instead the
Intel® SGX instructions are simulated in software. Single-step signing is
the default method to sign a simulation enclave.
 l Debug: When the Debugconfiguration option is selected for an enclave
project in Microsoft* Visual Studio, the enclave is compiled in the debug
mode and the resulting enclave file will contain debug information and
symbols. Choosing this project configuration also allows the enclave to
be launched in the enclave debug mode. This is facilitated by enabling
the SGX_DEBUG_FLAG that is passed as one of the parameters to the
sgx_create_enclave function. Single-step method is the default

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signing method for this project configuration. The signing key used in
this mode does not need to be white-listed.
 l Prerelease: When you choose the Prerelease configuration option for an
enclave project, Visual Studio will build the enclave in release mode with
compiler optimizations applied. Under this configuration, the enclave is
launched in enclave debug mode. A preprocessor flag EDEBUG is defined
in the preprocessor settings of the Microsoft Visual Studio enclave pro-
ject for this mode. When the EDEBUG preprocessor flag is defined, it
enables the SGX_DEBUG_FLAG, which in turn, launches the enclave in
the enclave debug mode. Single-step method is also the default signing
method for the Prerelease project configuration. Like in the Debug con-
figuration, the signing key does not need to be white-listed either.
 l Release: The Release configuration option for a Visual Studio enclave
project compiles the enclave in the release mode and launches the
enclave in the enclave release mode. This is done by disabling the SGX_
DEBUG_FLAG. SGX_DEBUG_FLAG is only enabled when NDEBUG is not
defined or EDEBUG is defined. In the debug configuration NDEBUG is
undefined and hence SGX_DEBUG_FLAG is enabled. In the prerelease
configuration NDEBUG and EDEBUG are both defined, which enables
SGX_DEBUG_FLAG. In the release mode, configuration NDEBUG is
defined and hence it disables SGX_DEBUG_FLAG thereby launching the
enclave in enclave release mode. Two-step method is the default signing
method for the Release configuration. The enclave needs to be signed
with a white-listed key.

For additional information on the different enclave signing methods, see

Enclave Signing Tool and Enclave Signer Usage Examples

Loading and Unloading an Enclave

Enclave source code is built as a dynamic link library. To use an enclave, the
enclave.dll should be loaded into protected memory by calling the API sgx_
create_enclave() or sgx_create_encalve_ex(). The enclave.dll
must be signed by sgx_sign.exe. When loading an enclave for the first time,
the loader gets a launch token and saves it back to the in/out parameter
token. You can save the launch token into a file, so that when loading an
enclave for the second time, the application can get the launch token from the
file. Providing a valid launch token can enhance the load performance. To

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unload an enclave, call sgx_destroy_enclave() interface with parameter

sgx_enclave_id_t.
The sample code to load and unload an Enclave is shown below.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <tchar.h>
#include "sgx_urts.h"
 
#define ENCLAVE_FILE _T("Enclave.signed.dll")
 
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
sgx_enclave_id_t   eid;
sgx_status_t       ret   = SGX_SUCCESS;
sgx_launch_token_t token = {0};
int updated = 0;
 
// Create the Enclave with above launch token. 
ret = sgx_create_enclave(ENCLAVE_FILE, SGX_DEBUG_FLAG, &token, 
&updated, &eid, NULL);
if (ret != SGX_SUCCESS) {
printf("App: error %#x, failed to create enclave.\n", ret);
return -1;
}
 
// A bunch of Enclave calls (ECALL) will happen here. 
 
 
// Destroy the enclave when all Enclave calls finished.
if(SGX_SUCCESS != sgx_destroy_enclave(eid))
return -1;
 
return 0;
}

Handling Power Events

The protected memory encryption keys that are stored within an Intel SGX-
enabled CPU are destroyed with every power event, including suspend and
hibernation.

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Thus, when a power transition occurs, the enclave memory will be removed
and all enclave data will not be accessible after that. As a result, when the sys-
tem resumes, any subsequent ECALL will fail returning the error code SGX_
ERROR_ENCLAVE_LOST. This specific error code indicates the enclave is lost
due to a power transition.
An Intel SGX application should have the capability to handle any power trans-
ition that might occur while the enclave is loaded in protected memory. To
handle the power event and resume enclave execution with minimum impact,
the application must be prepared to receive the error code SGX_ERROR_
ENCLAVE_LOST when an ECALL fails. When this happens, one and only one
thread from the application must destroy the enclave, sgx_destroy_
enclave(), and reload it again, sgx_create_enclave(). In addition, to
resume execution from where it was when the enclave was destroyed, the
application should periodically seal and save enclave state information on the
platform and use this information to restore the enclave to its original state
after the enclave is reloaded.
The Power Transition sample code included in the SDK demonstrates this pro-
cedure.

NOTE:
On Windows* 10, an Intel® SGX application must call sgx_destroy_
enclave() for the OS to reclaim protected memory or EPC pages from
enclaves that have been removed due to power events. Not destroying an
enclave will result in EPC memory leakage that could prevent subsequent
enclaves from loading. When this happens sgx_create_enclave() will
return the error code SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC.

Using Switchless Calls

Enclave switch occurs whenever the execution of a CPU jumps in (EENTER) or
out (EEXIT) of an enclave; for example, when making ECALLs/OCALLs. Enclave
switches have a performance overhead. For workloads with short and frequent
calls, the enclave switching overhead can be reduced using Switchless Calls.
Switchless Calls introduce a new mode of operation to perform calls from/to
Intel® SGX enclaves, using worker threads inside and outside the enclave.

PERFORMANCE NOTE:
Switchless calls is an advanced feature. It requires additional worker threads
and configuration, performance testing and tuning. It should be used for work-
loads that require fine performance tuning. Misconfiguration may result in

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under utilized worker threads, which consumes CPU time while not serving
any tasks.

Usage
To use Switchless calls, the EDL attribute transition_using_threads
should be postfixed to the ECALLs and OCALLs where Switchless Calls are
required. An EDL file can contain ECALLs/OCALLs with or without this attribute.
The application code must create an enclave using sgx_create_enclave_
ex, set the Switchless flag in an extended options vector, and provide a switch-
less configuration structure .
On enclave creation, the uRTS creates several trusted and untrusted worker
threads according to the Switchless configuration provided via initialization
structures and allocates the required data structures for Switchless Calls. Trus-
ted worker threads use regular enclave TCSes. The TCSNum defined in the
enclave XML configuration should be updated accordingly when building an
enclave with switchless trusted worker threads.

NOTE:
You should not use Switchless Calls with TCS binding policy, namely
TCSPolicy 0. Using this policy disables concurrent execution of E/OCALLS.
When a developer builds an enclave with the TCS binding policy, they expect
the TLS data of the trusted thread to be preserved across calls to the same
trusted function. However, this behavior cannot be provided if the enclave
uses switchless calls for two main reasons:
 l Worker threads handle different switchless ECALLs, despite the TCS
binding policy. As a result, the TLS area assigned to any worker thread
will be re-used by all the ECALL functions that the worker thread ser-
vices.
 l When a switchless call request times out, it is serviced as a regular ECALL
using a TCS reserved for regular ECALLs. Thus, the switchless ECALL will
re-use the TLS area of a regular ECALL.

Example usage of sgx_create_enclave_ex:

sgx_launch_token_t token = {0};
sgx_status_t ret = SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED;
int updated = 0;

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sgx_uswitchless_config_t us_config = { 0, 1, 1, 
100000, 100000, {  
0 } };
void* enclave_ex_p[32] = { 0 };
enclave_ex_p[SGX_CREATE_ENCLAVE_EX_SWITCHLESS_
BIT_IDX] = &us_config;
sgx_enclave_id_t eid;
const char* fname = "enclave.signed.so";
ret = sgx_create_enclave_ex ( fname,
SGX_DEBUG_FLAG, &token, &updated, &eid, 
NULL,
SGX_CREATE_ENCLAVE_EX_SWITCHLESS, 
enclave_ex_p );

High Level Overview

 

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Figure 13 Switchless Calls Architecture

Major Highlights:

 l Two task pools, for ECALL and OCALL-tasks respectively.

 l Several worker threads servicing ECALLs (running inside the enclave)
and OCALLs (running outside the enclave) requests.
 l Task objects describing an ECALL/OCALL request including all the
required parameters.

Task Pool
The Task Pool contains task requests pending to be executed. It uses task
objects to transfer data between trusted and untrusted sides without invoking

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EENTER/EEXIT.
The application defines at runtime the task pool size, namely the number of
concurrent task requests.
Worker Threads
Worker threads wait for one or more pending tasks in the relevant task pool
and start executing the tasks until the task pool gets empty.
The number of working threads is defined by the application at runtime and
should be at least two to support nested Switchless Calls.
The depth of nested Switchless Calls (Switchless OCALL → Switchless
ECALL→ … → Switchless OCALL) cannot be greater than the number of work-
ing threads.
Fallback to regular ECALLs/OCALLs
When the Task Pool is full, or when all Worker Threads are busy, a Switchless
Call falls back to a regular ECALL/OCALL.
Nested Switchless ECALL
Switchless Calls do not support private nested ECALLs. Nested ECALLs using
the transition_using_threads keywords must be public as well. Allowing a nes-
ted switchless ECALL is not sufficient. A non-public nested ECALL returns
SGX_ERROR_ECALL_NOT_ALLOWED to the application.

Switchless Calls Usage Configuration Tips

The Switchless Calls operation mode can improve performance of some work-
loads. However, this mode is complex and may cause a slowdown or/and a
resource overloading by busy-wait worker threads.
When using switchless calls, it is highly recommended to introduce per-
formance measurements and tuning to the development cycle. A simple
example is shown in the Switchless sample code.
Switchless Calls Operation Mode Callbacks
The application can register callbacks for worker thread events. Worker
threads can send four types of events:
 l worker threads starts
 l worker thread exits

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 l worker thread enters idle state (sleep)

 l worker thread misses switchless call (fallback)

Worker thread events contain statistics of processed and missed (fallback)

switchless calls. The statistics is common for all worker threads of the same
type (trusted/untrusted).
Application may use the Switchless mode callbacks (sgx_uswitchless_
worker_callback_t) to gather additional performance data. Note that the
worker thread MISS event (SGX_USWITCHLESS_WORKER_EVENT_MISS) may
happen and cause additional overhead.
Applications that use Switchless Calls may find it useful to detect the HW cap-
abilities of the CPU: the number of cores and threads to configure the switch-
less configuration structure.
The worker thread START event (SGX_USWITCHLESS_WORKER_EVENT_
START) can be used to set thread affinity .
See the example of the worker thread exit callback below. For the callback
prototype, refer to sgx_uswitchless_worker_callback_t.
// global processed/missed calls counters
// 0,1 - untrusted; 2,3 - trusted
uint32_t g_stats[4] = { 0 };
/**
* callback to log switchless calls stats
*/
void exit_callback (
sgx_uswitchless_worker_type_t type,
sgx_uswitchless_worker_event_t event,
const sgx_uswitchless_worker_stats_t* stats )
{
// last thread exiting will update the latest results
g_stats[type*2] = stats->processed;
g_stats[type*2+1] = stats->missed;
}

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Enabling Enclave Code Confidentiality

Intel® Software Guard Extensions Protected Code Loader (Intel® SGX PCL) is
intended to protect Intellectual Property (IP) within the code for Intel® SGX
enclave applications running on the Windows* OS.
Problem: Intel® SGX provides integrity of code and confidentiality and integ-
rity of data at run-time. However, it does NOT provide confidentiality of code
offline as a binary file on disk. Adversaries can reverse engineer the binary
enclave DLL.
Solution: Encrypt the enclave DLL at build time and decrypt it at enclave
load time.
 

Intel® SGX PCL Architectural Overview

Build Time: 
Figure below shows the Intel® SGX PCL build flow.

Figure 14 Intel® SGX PCL Build Flow

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1. The Intel® SGX PCL library is linked into the ISV Intel® SGX IP Enclave.
2. Before the ISV IP Enclave is signed, the linked DLL is modified so that PE sec-
tions containing IP are encrypted. The green key designates the symmetric
encryption/decryption key.
Notes:
• The Intel® SGX PCL encryption tool treats all sections as IP, except for sec-
tions that are required by either the signing tool, the Intel® SGX PSW Enclave
Loader, or the Intel® SGX PCL decryption flow. For a detailed list, see ‘Regions
that are Not Encrypted’ below.
• Encryption/decryption key management is the ISV responsibility, which is
out of scope for this document.
Run Time
ISV Sealing Enclave
To load an IP Enclave, the ISV must first transport a decryption AES key to the
user local machine, seal it on the user local machine, and use it as an input for
the Intel® SGX PCL. For this, the ISV must devise the second enclave, the ‘Seal-
ing Enclave’. The figure below shows this flow:

Figure 15 ISV Sealing Enclave Flow

The ISV Sealing Enclave performs the following operation:
1. Uses the existing standard Intel® SGX SDK Remote Attestation to generate
a secure session with the ISV server. (The light blue key illustrates session
keys)
2. Receives the decryption key from the ISV server in a secured way.
See details at “Intel® SGX PCL Decryption key provisioning" below. (The green
key illustrates a decryption key)

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3. Uses the existing standard Intel® SGX SDK sealing mechanism to generate
the sealed key and store it locally.
Notes:
• For the Sealing Enclave and the IP Enclave to be able to seal and unseal the
decryption key, both enclaves must be signed with the same Intel® SGX ISV
signing key and have the same ProdID.
• Once the sealed key is generated, it can be stored in nonvolatile memory on
the platform. This decreases the number of remote attestations required to
run.
 
ISV IP Enclave
Figure below shows the enclave loading flow:

Figure 16 ISV IP Enclave Loading Flow

The ISV IP Enclave performs the following operations:
1. Receives the Sealed Key Blob as input.
2. Unseals the blob to receive the decryption key.
3. Uses the decryption key to decrypt the IP content.
Comparison with Standard Flow
Table below summarizes the differences between the IP Enclave load flows
with and without the Intel® SGX PCL.
Table 14 Comparison of flows with and without Intel® SGX PCL:
Step Standard Flow Intel® SGX PCL Flow
(No Intel® SGX PCL)
Build  l Link: ISV libraries  l Link: ISV libraries, objs, and sgx_

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Time and objs are linked pcl.lib are linked to IPEnclave.dll

to Enclave.dll  l Encrypt IPEnclave.dll to IPEn-
 l Sign: Enclave.dll is clave.enc.dll
signed to generate  l Sign: IPEnclave.enc.dll is signed to
Enclave.signed.dll generate IPEnclave.signed.dll
Enclave  1. Enclave application  1. Enclave application gets the sealed
Load loads the enclave decryption key.
using sgx_create_  2. Enclave application loads the enclave
enclave. using sgx_create_enclave_ex, provid-
 2. sgx_create_enclave ing the sealed decryption key
performs an implicit  3. sgx_create_enclave_ex performs an
ecall. implicit ecall.
 3. The implicit ecall ini-  4. The Implicit ecall invokes the Intel®
tiates an enclave SGX PCL flow.
runtime initialization  5. Intel® SGX PCL unseals the sealed
flow. blob to get the decryption key.
 6. Intel® SGX PCL decrypts the encryp-
ted IP sections and returns the
enclave to its functional state.
 7. The process continues with the
enclave runtime initialization flow.

Note: Intel® SGX PCL does not support the Simulation mode.

Security Considerations
Not Encrypted Regions
The ISV must make sure the regions described in the table below do not con-
tain the ISV IP. The encryption tool will NOT encrypt these regions.
Table 15 Not Encrypted Regions

Region Description
Content outside the PE section Encryption tool does not encrypt con-
tent that is outside a section
Section ".reloc" Intel® SGX PCL uses ".reloc" section to apply
relocations to its code and data
Sections "niptx", "nipdt", "nipdt1", "nipdt2" These sections include code and data used dur-
and "pcltbl" ing the Intel® SGX PCL flow

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Sections ".debug", "sgxmeta", "sgxdata", These sections are required by either the Intel®
"sgxvers", ".tls" and ".edata" SGX SDK signing tool or the Intel® SGX PSW
enclave loader
Export directory, export directory strings of These regions are required by either the Intel®
symbols, export directory functions, export SGX SDK signing tool or the Intel® SGX PSW
directory names, export directory ordinals, enclave loader
TLS directory, thread data, debug dir-
ectories, debug data

 
Writable Sections
The Intel® SGX PCL encryption tool sets the Writable bit in the section flags of
the encrypted PE sections . As a result, all pages that belong to such PE sec-
tions, including portions of the enclave code and read-only data, are writable
at enclave runtime.
Intel® SGX PCL Cryptographic Standards
At build time, the encryption tool uses:
• SHA256 to compute the hash of the symmetric encryption/decryption key
and embeds it into the IP enclave binary.
• AES-GCM-128 to encrypt-in-place the IP sections.
• RDRAND to generate the per-section random IVs.
At run time the Intel® SGX PCL uses:
• SHA256 to compute the hash of the unsealed symmetric encryp-
tion/decryption key. The Intel® SGX PCL verifies the integrity of the symmetric
encryption/decryption key by comparing its hash with the one embedded in
the IP enclave binary at build time.
• AES-GCM-128 to decrypt-in-place the IP sections.
 
Intel® SGX PCL Crypto Code Snippets from OpenSSL
Intel® SGX PCL library includes code snippets from OpenSSL1.1.1 (with slight
modifications to enable running with Intel® SGX PCL). Those snippets are now
part of the ISV’s IP enclave’s TCB. If in the future, an identified vulnerability in
OpenSSL1.1.1 requires modification to a file from which these snippets ori-
ginate, ISV must update the snippets accordingly.
 

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Integrating Intel® SGX PCL with an existing Intel® SGX solution

Integrating an ISV enclave with the Intel® SGX PCL requires the ISV to apply
modifications to the ISV solution:
 1. Apply modifications to the IP enclave.
 2. Apply modifications to the enclave application that loads the enclave(s).
 3. Create an additional enclave, the Sealing Enclave.

Note: Steps above are already applied to SampleEnclavePCL. See

README.md for instructions on building and running the sample code.
Disclaimer: This chapter presents a pseudo code, which is not secure, not com-
plete, and it will not compile. For the complete code, see SampleEnclavePCL.
Modifications to IP Enclave
 l Disable incremental linking if enabled.
 l Disable whole program optimization if enabled.
 l Disable interprocedural optimization "Multi File" if enabled.
 l Disable Control Flow Guard if enabled
 l Add sgx_pcl.lib to the list of static libraries that the enclave is linked to.
 l Change the build flow so that the build time encryption tool sgx_enc_
ip.exe is run before the enclave is signed
sgx_enc_ip.exe -k key.bin -i IPEnclave.dll -o IPEn-
clave.enc.dll
 l Change the signing command to sign the encrypted enclave IPEn-
clave.enc.dll

 l No modifications are required for the IP Enclave source code.

Modifications to Enclave Application

Required steps:
 1. Get the sealed blob:
 l If a file containing the sealed blob exists (for example, it was gen-
erated during the previous runs), read it.

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 l If the file does not exist:

 o Create the Sealing Enclave.
 o Use the Sealing Enclave to provision the decryption key to
the platform and seal it.
  Save the sealed key to a file on the platform for future use.
o

 2. Load the encrypted enclave using

sgx_create_enclave_ex and provide it with the sealed blob.

Pseudo code:
#define SEALED_KEY_FILE_NAME "SealedKey.bin"

#define IP_ENCLAVE_FILE_NAME "IPEnclave.signed.dll"

#define SEALING_ENCLAVE_FILE_NAME "SealingEnclave.signed.dll"

uint8_t* sealed_key;

size_t  
s
 ealed_key_size;

if(file_exists(SEALED_KEY_FILE_NAME))

// Sealed key file exists, read it into buffer:

ReadFromFile(SEALED_KEY_FILE_NAME, sealed_key);

else

/*

* Sealed key file does not exist. Create it:

* 1. Create the Sealing Enclave

* 2. Use the Sealing Enclave to provision the decryption key

*  
o
 nto the platform and seal it.

* 3. Save the sealed key to a file for future uses

*/

// 1. create the sealing enclave

sgx_create_enclave(

SEALING_ENCLAVE_FILE_NAME,

debug,

&token,

&updated,

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

&seal_enclave_id,

NULL);

/*

* 2. Use the Sealing Enclave to provision the decryption key

*  
o
 nto the platform and seal it:

*/

ecall_get_sealed_key_size(seal_enclave_id, &sealed_key_size);

sealed_key = (uint8_t*)malloc(sealed_key_size);

ecall_get_sealed_key(seal_enclave_id, sealed_key, sealed_key_size);

// 3. Save the sealed key to a file for future uses

WriteToFile(SEALED_KEY_FILE_NAME, sealed_key);

// Load the encrypted enclave, providing the sealed key:

const void* ex_features[32] = {};

ex_features[SGX_CREATE_ENCLAVE_EX_PCL_BIT_IDX] = sealed_key;

sgx_create_enclave_ex(

IP_ENCLAVE_FILE_NAME,

debug,

&token,

&updated,

ip_enclave_id,

NULL,

ex_features,

SGX_CREATE_ENCLAVE_EX_PCL);

Sealing Enclave
Intel® SGX PCL Decryption key provisioning
This section describes methods for creating and using the ISV Sealing Enclave.
The ISV Sealing enclave provisions the decryption key to the user local
machine and seals it.
To securely transport the decryption AES key to the user local machine, the
ISV Sealing enclave needs to attest to the ISV server, generate a secure ses-
sion, and use it to provision the decryption key.
Sending the Intel® SGX PCL Decryption Key from ISV Server to Local Plat-
form

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The Remote Attestation sample in this document illustrates and describes in

details how to initiate a remote attestation session with an ISV server.
Remote attestation enables the server and the client to share secret keys.
Such keys can be used to generate a secure session (for example, using TLS)
between the ISV server and the Sealing enclave. The secure session can then
be used to securely provision the decryption key.
Sealing the Intel® SGX PCL Decryption Key
The sealing sample code in this document illustrates how to seal a secret. By
default, the Intel® SGX SDK seals the secret using MRSIGNER.
Interaction with the Enclave Application
In the pseudo code above, the ISV Sealing Enclave provides the Enclave
Application with the sealed decryption key by implementing the enclave calls
ecall_get_sealed_key_size and ecall_get_sealed_key. This is not an archi-
tectural requirement and ISVs can use their own design.
 

Enable CVE-2020-0551 Mitigation

The Intel® SGX SDK facilitates mitigation of CVE-2020-0551, aka LVI (Load
Value Injection). The Intel® SGX SDK supports two mitigation levels. One level
addresses all instructions vulnerable to LVI. This level is called CVE-2020-
0551-Load (Load, for short). The second mitigation level addresses vulnerable
control flow instructions only and is called CVE-2020-0551-CF (CF, for short).
For more on LVI, see https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2020-0551 and
https://software.intel.com/security-software-guidance/software-guid-
ance/load-value-injection.

Mitigation enabled Trust Libraries

The Intel® SGX SDK includes three sets of trusted libraries, Unmitigated, Load
and CF.

Mitigation Level Path

Unmitigated [Intel SGX SDK Install Path]
bin\x64\Release
Load [Intel SGX SDK Install Path]bin\x64\CVE-
2020-0551-Load-Release
CF [Intel SGX SDK Install Path]bin\x64\CVE-
2020-0551-CF-Release

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As stated above, the Intel® SGX SDK facilitates mitigation of CVE-2020-0551.

Intel® SGX developers taking full advantage of this requires the following tools.
Required tools:
 l Visual Studio v15.9.21 or later (Visual Studio v15.x.y := Visual Studio
2017).
 l Sgx-asm-pp.py. This is a custom tool and part of the Intel® SGX SDK. This
tool helps mitigate handwritten assembly code.
Required options:
  Load mitigation level CF mitigation level No LVI mit-
igation
Visual Studio /Qspectre-load /Qspectre-load-cf (neither)
15.9.21 or later
Sgx-asm-pp.py --MITIGATION-CVE- --MITIGATION-CVE- --MITIGATION-
2020-0551=LOAD 2020-0551=CF  CVE-2020-
0551=NONE or
use
NASM/MASM
directly.

Sgx-asm-pp.py has another required option, --assembler. This option is

used to specify the assembler used for the assembly source file. Valid argu-
ments for –-assembler are 'nasm' and 'ml64' (without the quotes).

Create CVE-2020-0551 Mitigation enabled trusted (enclave) project

You can use the Intel® SGX Visual Studio Wizard to create CVE-2020-0551
mitigation enabled new projects.
Follow Using Microsoft* Visual Studio* Intel® Software Guard Extensions Wiz-
ard to create a CVE-2020-0551 mitigation enabled new project.
After the new trusted project is created, four new CVE-2020-0551 mitigation
related configurations will be found.
 l CVE-2020-0551-Load-Release
 l CVE-2020-0551-Load-Prerelease
 l CVE-2020-0551-CF-Release
 l CVE-2020-0551-CF-Prerelease

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See Mitigation Configuration Introduction for detailed information on these

configurations.

NOTE:
These four configurations are only supported on x64 platform.

Enable Mitigation for existing trusted project

User can use Intel® SGX Visual Studio Plug-In to add CVE-2020-0551 mit-
igation enabled configurations into existing trusted projects.
Follow Using Microsoft* Visual Studio* Intel® Software Guard Extensions Add-
in to add these configurations.
After that, four new CVE-2020-0551 mitigation related configurations will be
added.
 l CVE-2020-0551-Load-Release
 l CVE-2020-0551-Load-Prerelease
 l CVE-2020-0551-CF-Release
 l CVE-2020-0551-CF-Prerelease

See Mitigation Configuration Introduction for detailed information on these

configurations.

NOTE:
These four configurations are only supported on x64 platform.

Mitigation Configuration Introduction

CVE-2020-0551 Mitigation includes the following four configurations.
 l CVE-2020-0551-Load-Release
 l CVE-2020-0551-Load-Prerelease
 l CVE-2020-0551-CF-Release
 l CVE-2020-0551-CF-Prerelease

CVE-2020-0551-Load-Release
 l Project is built with Release mode and Load level mitigation is enabled.
 l All C/C++ files will be built with /Qspectre-load option.

CVE-2020-0551-Load-Prerelease

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

 l Project is built with Prerelease mode and Load level mitigation is

enabled.
 l All C/C++ files will be built with /Qspectre-load option.

CVE-2020-0551-CF-Release
 l Project is built with Release mode and Control Flow level mitigation is
enabled.
 l All C/C++ files will be built with /Qspectre-load-cf option.

CVE-2020-0551-CF-Prerelease
 l Project is built with Prerelease mode and Control Flow level mitigation is
enabled.
 l All C/C++ files will be built with /Qspectre-load-cf option.

In each configuration, each .asm file's build command will be changed accord-
ing to it's Properties->General->Item Type type:
 l If a .asm file's type is Custom Build Tool and it's built by ml64.exe.
The file's Properties->Custom Build Tool->Command Line
will be switched to:
python "$(SGXSDKInstallPath)\scripts\sgx-asm-pp.py" 
--assembler=ml64 --MITIGATION-CVE-2020-0551=
[LOAD|CF] <ml64 command line options>
 l If a .asm file's type is Custom Build Tool and it's built by nasm.exe.
The file's Properties->Custom Build Tool->Command Line
will be switched to:
python "$(SGXSDKInstallPath)\scripts\sgx-asm-pp.py" 
--assembler=nasm --MITIGATION-CVE-2020-0551=
[LOAD|CF] <nasm command line options>
 l If a .asm file's type is Microsoft Macro Assembler. The trusted pro-
ject's Properties->Build Dependencies->Build Cus-

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tomizations.. will be switched to Intel® SGX special masm script.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK Sample Code

After installing the Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK, you can find the
sample code at [Intel SGX SDK Install Path]src .
You can open the sample projects in Microsoft* Visual Studio* 2017.
 l The SampleEnclave project shows how to create an enclave.
 l The PowerTransition project shows how to handle the power transition
for an Intel SGX project.
 l The Cxx11SGXDemo project shows how to use C++11 library inside the
enclave.
 l The LocalAttestation project shows how to use the Intel Elliptical Curve
Diffie-Hellman key exchange library to establish a trusted channel
between two enclaves running on the same platform.
 l The RemoteAttestation project shows how to use the Intel remote attest-
ation and key exchange library in the remote attestation process.
 l The SealedData project demonstrates how to use the APIs to encrypt
and integrity-protect enclave secrets to store them on disk.
 l The Sgx2Enclave project shows how to create an Intel® SGX2 enclave
and use the sgx_tedmm library.

Sample Enclave
The project SampleEnclave shows you how to write an enclave from scratch.
This topic demonstrates the following basic aspects of enclave features:
 l Initialize and destroy an enclave
 l Create ECALLs or OCALLs
 l Call trusted libraries inside the enclave

The code is shipped with the Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK in
[Intel SGX SDK Install Path]src\SampleEnclave. You can open
the project in Microsoft* Visual Studio 2017.

NOTE:
If the sample project is located in a system directory, administrator privilege is
required to open it. You can copy the project folder to your directory if admin-
istrator permission cannot be granted.

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Configure and Enable Intel® SGX

Some OEM systems support configuration and enabling of Intel® SGX in the
BIOS via an SW Control Interface. The Intel® SGX PSW exposes an API that ALL
applications should call prior to creating an application. The API sgx_
enable_device configures and enables the Intel® SGX device if the plat-
form has NOT been previously enabled. If the BIOS configures Intel® SGX as
result of the call, then a reboot is required for the BIOS configuration to take
affect (Intel® SGX will not be available for use until after the reboot). Please,
refer to the query_sgx_status function in the Sample Application for use
of this API. See sgx_enable_device for additional details.

Initialize an Enclave
Before establishing any trusted transaction between an application and an
enclave, the enclave itself needs to be correctly created and initialized by call-
ing sgx_create_enclave provided by the uRTS library.
Saving and Retrieving the Launch Token
A launch token needs to be passed to sgx_create_enclave for enclave ini-
tialization. If the launch token was saved in a previous transaction, it can be
retrieved and used directly. Otherwise, you can provide an all-0 buffer. sgx_
create_enclave will attempt to create a valid launch token if the input is not
valid. After the enclave is correctly created and initialized, you may need to
save the token if it has been updated. The fourth parameter of sgx_create_
enclave indicates whether or not an update has been performed.
The launch token should be saved in a per-user directory or a registry entry in
case it would be used in a multi-user environment.
For example, the token can be saved in either of the following locations:
 l CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDATA - the file system directory where application-
specific data is stored
 l HKEY_CURRENT_USER - the registry entry that contains the profile for
the user who is currently logged on to the computer.

See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/bb762494
(v=vs.85).aspx for details about CSIDL_LOCAL_APPDAT.

ECALL/OCALL Functions
This sample demonstrates basic EDL syntax used by ECALL/OCALL functions,
as well as using trusted libraries inside the enclave. You may see Enclave

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Definition Language Syntax for syntax details and Trusted Libraries for C/C++
support.

Destroy an Enclave
To release the enclave memory, you need to invoke sgx_destroy_enclave
provided by the sgx_urts library. It will recycle the EPC memory and untrus-
ted resources used by that enclave instance.

Power Transition
If a power transition occurs, the enclave memory will be removed and all the
enclave data will be inaccessible. Consequently, when the system is resumed,
each of the in-process ECALLS and the subsequent ECALLs will fail with the
error code SGX_ERROR_ENCLAVE_LOST which indicates the enclave is lost
due to a power transition.
An Intel® Software Guard Extensions project should have the capability to
handle the power transition which might impact its behavior. The project
named PowerTransition describes one method of developing Intel® Software
Guard Extensions projects that handle power transitions. See ECALL-Error-
Code Based Retry for more info.
PowerTransition demonstrates the following scenario: an enclave instance is
created and initialized by one main thread and shared with three other child
threads; The three child threads repeatedly ECALL into the enclave, manip-
ulate secret data within the enclave and backup the corresponding encrypted
data outside the enclave; After all the child threads finish, the main thread des-
troys the enclave and frees the associated system resources. If a power trans-
ition happens, one and only one thread will reload the enclave and restore the
secret data inside the enclave with the encrypted data that was saved outside
and then continues the execution.
The PowerTransition sample code is shipped with the Intel® Software Guard
Extensions SDK. You can find the source code in the [Intel SGX SDK 
Install Path]src\PowerTransition directory. The sample code can
be built with the Microsoft* Visual Studio 2017 using the corresponding pro-
ject in the Microsoft* Visual Studio 2017.

NOTE:
If the sample project locates in a system directory, administrator privilege is
required to open it. You can copy the project folder to your directory if admin-
istrator permission cannot be granted.

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ECALL-Error-Code Based Retry

After a power transition, an Intel® SGX error code SGX_ERROR_ENCLAVE_
LOST will be returned for the current ECALL. To handle the power transition
and continue the project without impact, you need to destroy the invalid
enclave to free resources first and then retry with a newly created and ini-
tialized enclave instance, as depicted in the following figure.

Figure 17 Power Transition Handling Flow Chart

ECALLs in Demonstration
PowerTransition demonstrates handling the power transition in two types of
ECALLs:
 1. Initialization ECALL after enclave creation.
 2. Normal ECALL to manipulate secrets within the enclave.

Initialization ECALL after Enclave Creation

PowerTransition illustrates one initialization ECALL after enclave creation
which is shown in the following figure:

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Figure 18 Enclave Initialization ECall after Enclave Creation Flow Chart

sgx_create_enclave is a key API provided by the uRTS library for enclave cre-
ation. For sgx_create_enclave, a mechanism of power transition handling is
already implemented in the uRTS library. Therefore, it is unnecessary to manu-
ally handle power transition for this API.

NOTE:
To concentrate on handling a power transition, PowerTransition assumes the
enclave file and the launch token are located in the same directory as the
application. See Sample Enclave for how to store the launch token properly.
Normal ECALL to Process Secrets within the Enclave
This is the most common ECALL type into an enclave. PowerTransition demon-
strates the power transition handling for this type of ECALL in a child thread
after the enclave creation and initialization by the main thread, as depicted in
the figure below. Since the enclave instance is shared by the child threads, it is
required to make sure one and only one child thread to re-creates and re-ini-
tializes the enclave instance after the power transition and the others utilize
the re-created enclave instance directly. PowerTransition confirms this point
by checking whether the Enclave ID is updated.

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Figure 19 Regular ECALL Flow Chart

NOTE:
During the ECALL process, it is recommended to back up the confidential data
as cipher text outside the enclave frequently. Then we can use the backup
data to restore the enclave to reduce the power transition impacts.

C++11 Demo
The project Cxx11SGXDemo is designed to illustrate some of the C++11 lib-
rary features supported inside the enclave provided by the Intel® SGX SDK
and the compiler features supported by the Visual Studio 2017 Compiler.
This sample provides practical use cases for each of the C++11 features cur-
rently supported.
The code is shipped with the Intel SGX SDK and is located in [Intel SGX 
SDK Install Path]src\Cxx11SGXDemo. Open the project in Microsoft*
Visual Studio 2017.

NOTE:

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

If the sample project is located in a system directory, administrator privileges

are required to open the project. You can copy the project folder to your dir-
ectory if an administrator permission cannot be granted.
The sample covers a subset of C++11 features inside the enclave as listed in
the table below.
Table 16 Overview of C++11 features covered
Headers #include <typeinfo>
#include <functional>
#include <algorithm>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <tuple>
#include <memory>
#include <atomic>
#include <mutex>
#include <condition_variable>
#include <map>
Classes std::function, std::all_of, std::any_of, std::none_of,
std::initializer_list, std::unordered_set,
std::unordered_map, std::unordered_multiset,
std::unordered_multimap, std::tuple,
std::shared_ptr, std::unique_ptr, std::auto std::mutex,
std::condition_variable
Compiler fea- lambda expressions, auto, decltype,
tures
strongly typed enum classes,
range-based for statements,
static_assert, new virtual function controls,
delegating constructors, variadic templates,

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substitution failure is not an error (SFINAE),

rvalue references and move semantics, nullptr type

Attestation
In the Intel® Software Guard Extensions architecture, attestation refers to the
process of demonstrating that a specific enclave was established on the plat-
form. The Intel® SGX Architecture provides two attestation mechanisms:
 l One creates an authenticated assertion between two enclaves running
on the same platform referred to as local attestation.
 l The second mechanism extends local attestation to provide assertions
to 3rd parties outside the platform referred to as remote attestation.
The remote attestation process leverages a quoting service.

The Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK provides APIs used by applications
to implement the attestation process.

Local Attestation
Local attestation refers to two enclaves on the same platform authenticating
to each other using the Intel SGX REPORT mechanism before exchanging
information. In an Intel® SGX application, multiple enclaves might collaborate
to perform certain functions. After the two enclaves verify the counterpart is
trustworthy, they can exchange information on a protected channel, which typ-
ically provides confidentiality, integrity and replay protection. The local attest-
ation and protected channel establishment uses the REPORT based Diffie-
Hellman Key Exchange* protocol.
You can find a sample solution shipped with the Intel® Software Guard Exten-
sions SDK at [Intel SGX SDK Install Path]src\LocalAt-
testation directory. To compile, you only need to open the project with
Microsoft* Visual Studio 2017.

NOTE:
If the sample project locates in a system directory, administrator privilege is
required to open it. You can copy the project folder to your directory if admin-
istrator permission cannot be granted.
The sample code shows an example implementation of local attestation,
including protected channel establishment and secret message exchange
using enclave to enclave function call as an example.

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Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Library and Local Attestation Flow

The local attestation sample in the SDK uses the Diffie-Hellman (DH) key
exchange library to establish a protected channel between two enclaves. The
DH key exchange APIs are described in sgx_dh.h. The key exchange library
is part of the Intel® SGX application SDK trusted libraries. It is statically linked
with the enclave code and exposes APIs for the enclave code to generate and
process local key exchange protocol messages. The library is combined with
other libraries and is built into the final library called sgx_tservice.lib that is
part of the SDK release.

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Figure 20 Local Attestation Flow with the DH Key Exchange Library

The figure above represents the usage of DH key exchange library. A local
attestation flow consists of the following steps:
In the figure, ISV Enclave 1 is the initiator enclave and ISV Enclave 2 is the
responder enclave.

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 1. Initiator enclave calls the Intel ECDH key exchange library to initiate the
session with the initiator role.
 2. The initiator enclave does an OCALL into the untrusted code requesting
the Diffie-Hellman Message 1 and session id.
 3. The untrusted code does an ECALL into the responder enclave.
 4. Responder enclave in turn calls the ECDH key exchange library to initiate
the session with the responder role.
 5. Responder enclave calls the key exchange library to generate the DH
Message 1 ga || TARGETINFO.
 6. DH Message 1 is sent back from the responder enclave to the initiator
enclave through an ECALL return to the untrusted code followed by an
OCALL return into the initiator enclave.
 7. Initiator enclave processes the Message 1 using the key exchange library
API and generates the DH Message 2 gb||[Report Enclave 1(h
(ga || gb))]SMK.
 8. DH Message 2 is sent to the untrusted side through an OCALL.
 9. The untrusted code does an ECALL into the responder enclave giving it
the DH Message 2 and requesting the DH Message 3.
 10. Responder enclave calls the key exchange library API to process the DH
Message 2 and generates the DH Message 3 [ReportEnclave2(h(gb 
|| ga)) || Optional Payload]SMK.
 11. DH Message 3 is sent back from the responder enclave to the initiator
enclave through an ECALL return to the untrusted code followed by an
OCALL return into the initiator enclave.
 12. Initiator enclave uses the key exchange library to process the DH Mes-
sage 3 and establish the session.
 13. Messages exchanged between the enclaves are protected by the AEK.

Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange Library and Local Attestation 2.0

the Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange library also exposes DH key exchange
2.0 APIs for the enclave code to generate and process local key exchange pro-
tocol messages. To use DH key exchange 2.0 APIs which are also described in
sgx_dh.h,. add SGX_USE_LAv2_INITIATOR to Preprocessor Defin-
itions option.
A local attestation 2.0 flow consists of the steps in previous section except 7
and 10:

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 1. ISV initiator enclave calls the Intel ECDH key exchange library to initiate
the session with the initiator role.
 2. The initiator enclave does an OCALL into the untrusted code requesting
the Diffie-Hellman Message 1 and session id.
 3. The untrusted code does an ECALL into the responder enclave .
 4. The responder enclave in turn calls the ECDH key exchange library to ini-
tiate the session with the responder role.
 5. The responder enclave calls the key exchange library to generate DH
Message 1 ga || TARGETINFO .
 6. DH Message 1 is sent back from the responder enclave to the initiator
enclave through an ECALL return to the untrusted code followed by an
OCALL return into the initiator enclave.
 7. The initiator enclave processes the Message 1 using the key exchange
library 2.0 API and generates the DH Message 2 gb||[Report 
Enclave 1(h(proto_spec || gb))]SMK and report_data
replaced with proto_specin which proto_spec is 'SGX LA' || Ver 
|| Rev || TARGET_SPEC || padding.
 8. DH Message 2 is sent to the untrusted side through an OCALL.
 9. The untrusted code does an ECALL into the responder enclave giving it
the DH Message 2 and requesting the DH Message 3.
 10. The responder enclave calls the key exchange library 2.0 API to process
the DH Message 2 and generates the DH Message 3 [Report 
Enclave2(h(ga || proto_spec)) || Optional Payload || 
ga]SMK.
 11. DH Message 3 is sent back from the responder enclave to initiator
enclave through an ECALL return to the untrusted code followed by an
OCALL return into the initiator enclave.
 12. The initiator enclave uses the key exchange library to process the DH
Message 3 and establish the session.
 13. Messages exchanged between the enclaves are protected by the AEK.

Protected Channel Establishment

The following figure illustrates the interaction between two enclaves, namely
the source enclave and the destination enclave, to establish a session. The
application initiates a session between the source enclave and the destination
enclave by doing an ECALL into the source enclave, passing in the enclave id of
the destination enclave. Upon receiving the enclave id of the destination
enclave, the source enclave does an OCALL into the core untrusted code

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which then does an ECALL into the destination enclave to exchange the mes-
sages required to establish a session using ECDH Key Exchange* protocol.

Figure 21 Secure Channel Establishment Flow with the DH Key Exchange

Library

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Secret Message Exchange and Enclave to Enclave Call

The following figure illustrates the message exchange between two enclaves.
After the establishment of the protected channel, session keys are used to
encrypt the payload in the message(s) being exchanged between the source
and destination enclaves. The sample code implements interfaces to encrypt
the payload of the message. The sample code also shows the implementation
of an enclave calling a function from another enclave. Call type, target function
ID, total input parameter length and input parameters are encapsulated in the
payload of the secret message sent from the caller (source) Enclave and the
callee (destination) enclave. As one enclave cannot access memory of another
enclave, all input and output parameters, including data indirectly referenced
by a parameter needs to be marshaled across the two enclaves. The sample
code uses Intel® SGX SDK trusted cryptographic library to encrypt the pay-
load of the message. Through such encryption, message exchange is just the
secret and in case of the enclave to enclave call is the marshaled destination
enclave’s function id, total parameter length and all the parameters. The des-
tination enclave decrypts the payload and calls the appropriate function. The
results of the function call are encrypted using the session keys and sent back
to the source enclave.

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Figure 22 Secret Message Exchange Flow with the DH Key Exchange Library

Remote Attestation
Generally speaking, Remote Attestation is the concept of a HW entity or of a
combination of HW and SW gaining the trust of a remote provider or producer
of some sort. With Intel® SGX, Remote Attestation software includes the app’s

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enclave and the Intel-provided Quoting Enclave (QE) and Provisioning Enclave
(PvE). The attestation HW is the Intel® SGX enabled CPU.
Remote Attestation alone is not enough for the remote party to be able to
securely deliver their service (secrets or assets). Securely delivering services
also requires a secure communication session. Remote Attestation is used dur-
ing the establishment of such a session. This is analogous to how the familiar
SSL handshake includes both authentication and session establishment.
The Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK includes sample code showing:
 l How an application enclave can attest to a remote party.
 l How an application enclave and the remote party can establish a secure
session.

The SDK includes a remote session establishment or key exchange (KE) lib-
raries that can be used to greatly simplify these processes.
You can find the sample code for remote attestation in the directory [Intel 
SGX SDK Install Path]src\RemoteAttestation.

NOTE:
To run the sample code in the hardware mode, you need to access to Internet.

NOTE:
The Intel® Attestation Service has been activated. A sandbox version of Intel
Attestation Service is supported to enable development in an ISV’s applic-
ation server for Intel® SGX attestation. Refer to the Intel® Attestation
Service documentation for information on how to establish the com-
munication between the ISV Application Server and Intel Attestation Server.

NOTE:
If the sample project is located in a system directory, administrator privilege is
required to open it. You can copy the project folder to your directory if admin-
istrator permission cannot be granted.
Intel® SGX uses an anonymous signature scheme, Intel® Enhanced Privacy ID
(Intel® EPID), for authentication (for example, attestation). The supplied key
exchange libraries implement a Sigma-like protocol for session establishment.
Sigma is a protocol that includes a Diffie-Hellman key exchange, but also
addresses the weaknesses of DH. The protocol Intel® SGX uses differs from the
Sigma protocol that’s used in IKE v1 and v2 in that the Intel® SGX platform
uses Intel® EPID to authenticate while the service provider uses PKI. (In Sigma,

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both parties use PKI.) Finally, the KE libraries require the service provider to
use an ECDSA, not an RSA, key pair in the authentication portion of the pro-
tocol and the libraries use ECDH for the actual key exchange.
Remote Key Exchange (KE) Libraries
The RemoteAttestation sample in the SDK uses the remote KE libraries as
described above to create a remote attestation of an enclave, and uses that
attestation during establishment of a secure session (a key exchange).
There are both untrusted and trusted KE libraries. The untrusted KE library is
provided as a static library, sgx_ukey_exchange[mt].lib. The Intel®
SGX application needs to link with this library and include the header file
sgx_ukey_exchange.h, containing the prototypes for the APIs that the KE
trusted library exposes.

NOTE:
If you are unable to use either of the two pre-built untrusted key exchange
static libraries, the source code for a sample untrusted key exchange library is
included in the isv_app subfolder of the Remote Attestation sample applic-
ation that is shipped with this SDK.
The trusted KE library is also provided as a static library. As a trusted library,
the process for using it is slightly different than that for the untrusted KE lib-
rary. The main difference relates to the fact that the trusted KE library
exposes ECALLs called by the untrusted KE library. This means that the library
has a corresponding EDL file, sgx_tkey_exchange.edl, which has to be
imported in the EDL file for the application enclave that uses the library. We
can see this in code snippet below, showing the complete contents of app_
enclave.edl, the EDL file for the app enclave in the sample code.
enclave {
from "sgx_tkey_exchange.edl" import *;
include "sgx_key_exchange.h"
include "sgx_trts.h"
trusted {
public sgx_status_t enclave_init_ra(
int b_pse,
[out] sgx_ra_context_t *p_context);
public sgx_status_t enclave_ra_close(
sgx_ra_context_t context);
};
};
 

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It’s worth noting that sgx_key_exchange.h contains types specific to

remote key exchange and must be included as shown above as well as in the
untrusted code of the application that uses the enclave. Finally, sgx_tkey_
exchange.h is a header file that includes prototypes for the APIs that the
trusted library exposes, but that are not ECALLs, i.e., APIs called by ISV code in
the application enclave.
Remote Attestation and Protected Session Establishment
This topic describes the functionality of the remote attestation sample in
detail.

NOTE:
In the sample code, the service provider is modeled as a DLL, service_pro-
vider.dll. The sample service provider does not depend on
Intel® SGX headers, type definitions, libraries, and so on. This was done to
demonstrate that the Intel SGX is not required in any way when building a
remote attestation service provider.

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Figure 23 Remote Attestation and Trust Channel Establishment Flow

An Intel® Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX) application would typically
begin by requesting service (for example, media streaming) from a service pro-
vider (SP) and the SP would respond with a challenge. This is not shown in the
figure. The figure begins with the app’s reaction to the challenge.

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 1. The flow starts with the app entering the enclave that will be the end-
point of the KE, passing in b_pse, a flag indicating whether the app/en-
clave uses Platform Services.
 2. If b_pse is true, then the isv enclave shall call trusted AE support library
with sgx_create_pse_session() to establish a session with PSE.
 3. Code in the enclave calls sgx_ra_init(), passing in the SP’s ECDSA
public key, g_sp_pub_key, and b_pse. The integrity of g_sp_pub_
key is a public key is important so this value should just be built into isv_
enclave.
 4. Close PSE session by sgx_close_pse_session() if a session is estab-
lished before. The requirement is that, if the app enclave uses Platform
Services, the session with the PSE must already be established before
the app enclave calls sgx_ra_init().
 5. sgx_ra_init() returns the KE context to the app enclave and the
app enclave returns the context to the app.
 6. The application calls sgx_get_extended_epid_group_id() and
sends the value returned in p_extended_epid_group_id to the
server in msg0.
 7. The server checks whether the extended Intel® EPID group ID is sup-
ported. If the ID is not supported, the server aborts remote attestation.

NOTE:
Currently, the only valid extended Intel® EPID group ID is zero. The
server should verify this value is zero. If the Intel® EPID group ID is not
zero, the server aborts remote attestation.
 8. The application calls sgx_ra_get_msg1(), passing in this KE's context.
Figure 3 shows the app also passing in a pointer to the untrusted proxy
corresponding to sgx_ra_get_ga, exposed by the TKE. This reflects
the fact that the names of untrusted proxies are enclave-specific.
 9. sgx_ra_get_msg1() builds an S1 message = (ga || GID) and returns it
to the app.
 10. The app sends S1 to the service provider (SP) by ra_network_send_
receive(), it will call sp_ra_proc_msg1_req() to process S1 and
generate S2.
 11. Application eventually receives S2 = gb || SPID || 2-byte 
TYPE || 2-byte KDF-ID || SigSP(gb, ga) || CMACSMK(gb 

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|| SPID || 2-byte TYPE || 2-byte KDF-ID || SigSP(gb, 
ga)) || SigRL.
 12. The application calls sgx_ra_proc_msg2(), passing in S2 and the con-
text.
 13. The code in sgx_ra_proc_msg2() builds S3 = CMACSMK(M)||M
where M = ga ||PS_SECURITY_PROPERTY|| QUOTE and returns it.
Platform Services Security Information is included only if the app/en-
clave uses Platform Services.
 14. Application sends the msg3 to the SP by ra_network_send_
receive(), and the SP verifies the msg3.
 15. SP returns the verification result to the application.

At this point, a session has been established and keys exchanged. Whether the
service provider thinks the session is secure and uses it depends on the secur-
ity properties of the platform as indicated by the S3 message. If the platform’s
security properties meet the service provider’s criteria, then the service pro-
vider can use the session keys to securely deliver a secret and the app enclave
can consume the secret any time after it retrieves the session keys by calling
sgx_ra_get_keys() on the trusted KE library. This is not shown in the fig-
ure, nor is the closing of the session. Closing the session requires entering the
app enclave and calling sgx_ra_close() on the trusted KE library, among
other app enclave-specific cleanup.
Remote Attestation with a Custom Key Derivation Function (KDF)
By default, the platform software uses the KDF described in the definition of
the sgx_ra_get_keys API when the sgx_ra_init API is used to generate
the remote attestation context. If the ISV needs to use a different KDF than
the default KDF used by Intel® SGX PSW, the ISV can use the sgx_ra_init_
ex API to provide a callback function to generate the remote attestation keys
used in the SIGMA protocol (SMK) and returned by the API sgx_ra_get_
keys (SK, MK, and VK). The decision to use a different KDF is a policy of the
ISV, but it should be approved by the ISV’s security process.
Debugging a Remote Attestation Service Provider
As an ISV writing the remote attestation service provider, you may want to
debug the message flow. One way to do this would be to provide pre-gen-
erated messages that can be replayed and verified. However, not that S1 mes-
sage = (GID || ga) includes the random component ga generated
inside an enclave. Also, the remote attestation service provider generates a
random public+private key pair as part of its msg2 generation, but without

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any interaction with Intel® SGX. Finally, each of these has state or context that
is associated with cryptographic operations and is used to ensure that certain
calls being made are in the correct order and that the state is consistent.
These characteristics help protect the remote attestation flow against attacks,
but also make it more difficult to replay pre-generated messages.
To overcome these, the cryptographic library is modified and used (only) by
the sample service provider. Any time that key generation, signing, or other
operation requests a random number, the number 9 is returned. This means
that the crypto functions from sample_libcrypto.lib are predictable
and cryptographically weak. If we can replay msg1 send from the isv_app,
the sample service_provider.dll will always generate the exact same
msg2. We now have a sufficient system to replay messages sent by the isv_
app and have it verify that the responses sent by the remote service are the
expected ones.
To replay messages and exercise this verification flow, pass in 1 or 2 as a com-
mand-line argument when running the sample application isv_app. The
isv_app will ignore errors generated by the built-in checks in the Intel SGX.
Developers wishing to debug their remote attestation service provider should
be able to temporarily modify their cryptographic subsystem to behave in a
similar manner as the sample_libcrypto.lib and replay the pre-com-
puted messages stored in sample_messages.h. The responses from their
own remote attestation service provider should match the ones generated by
ours, which are also stored in sample_messages.h.

NOTE
Do not use the sample cryptographic library provided in this sample in pro-
duction code.
Using a Different Extended Intel® EPID Group for Remote Attestation
The Intel® SGX platform software can generate Quotes signed by keys belong-
ing to a more than one extended Intel® EPID Group. Before remote attestation
starts, the ISV Service provider (SP) needs to know which extended Intel®
EPID Group the PSW supports. The ISV SP will use this information to request
Quote generation and verification in the correct extended Intel® EPID Group.
The API sgx_get_extended_epid_group_id returns the extended Intel®
EPID Group ID. The ISV application should query the currently configured
extended Intel® EPID Group ID from the platform software using this API and
sending it to the ISV SP. The ISV SP then knows which extended Intel® EPID
Group to use for remote attestation. If the ISV SP does not support the

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provided extended Intel® EPID Group, it will terminate the remote attestation
attempt.
ECDSA Remote Attestation
The Intel® SGX platform software consume The Intel® SGX Data Center Attest-
ation Primitives (Intel® SGX DCAP) in order to support ECDSA attestation. The
platform which creates the ECDSA attestation must support Flexible Launch
Control (FLC).
The ECDSA Attestation key is created and owned by the owner of the remote
attestation infrastructure but is certified by an Intel rooted key whose cer-
tificate is distributed by Intel. The Intel rooted certificate proves that the plat-
form running the Intel® SGX enclave is valid and in good standing.
The application calls sgx_select_att_key_id to select the ECDSA attest-
ation key from a list provided by the off-platform Quote verifier.

Sealed Data
The Intel® SGX SDK provides APIs to encrypt and integrity-protect enclave
secrets to store them outside the enclave, such as on disk. The Intel® SGX Plat-
form SW provides Monotonic Counter and Trusted Time service to ISV
enclaves. The Monotonic Counter can be used to implement replay-protected
policy, and the Trusted Time can be used to enforce time based policy. Both
of them are in a form of Sealed Data. The requirement of replay-protected
data blob and time based policy data blob is quite subtle. The Intel® SGX SDK
will provide reference code to help ISV to implement them correctly.
The sample code SealedData is shipped with the Intel® Software Guard Exten-
sions SDK in [Intel SGX SDK Install Path]src\SealedData folder.
To compile, you only need to open the project with Microsoft* Visual Studio
2017.

NOTE:
To run this sample in the hardware mode, access to the Internet.

NOTE:
If the sample project is located in a system directory, administrator privilege is
required to modify it. You can copy the project folder to your directory if
administrator permission cannot be granted.

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Replay Protected Policy

In Enterprise Rights Management (ERM) type usages, an offline activity log
might need to be maintained and periodically audited by the enterprise, for
example, depending on whether and/or how many times a secret document is
viewed or printed offline. If the offline activity log is tampered with or deleted,
the ERM application will disable the offline use capability. A functional secure
document viewing ERM application is quite complex, involving credential veri-
fication, document key provisioning, secure document rendering, secure dis-
play and many other security processes.
The Replay Protected policy sample code will not implement a full secure doc-
ument viewing functionality, instead, it will demonstrate:
 l Initializing a replay protected policy, to create an offline activity log
together with a secret, protected by a Monotonic Counter.
 l Verifying and updating the replay protected policy, to verify and update
the activity log before the secret can be used to perform a function.
 l Deleting the replay protected policy, to delete the activity log and the
associated Monotonic Counter after the secret is invalidated.

Initializing a Policy

 1. The Enclave creates a new Monotonic Counter using sgx_create_

monotonic_counter.
 2. The Enclave fills the activity log with the sample usage secret and usage
data, the Monotonic Counter_UUID and the Monotonic Counter_
Value returned by sgx_create_monotonic_counter.
 3. The Enclave seals the activity log into sealed data using sgx_seal_
data.

Verifying a Policy

 1. The Enclave verifies and decrypts the sealed data using sgx_unseal_
data
 2. The Enclave retrieves the current Monotonic Counter value of the asso-
ciated Monotonic Counter using sgx_read_monotonic_counter. If it
fails, abort the operation.
 3. The Enclave verifies the Monotonic Counter_Value returned by sgx_
read_monotonic_counter is the same as the Monotonic Counter_
Value in the activity log.
 4. The Enclave releases the secret to perform functions.

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Updating a Policy

 1. The Enclave verifies activity log.

 2. The Enclave checks that the secret and usage data inside the activity log
has not been invalidated or expired, for example, by comparing the use
count in the activity log against a predetermined threshold. If the secret
is invalidated or expired, the function that requires the secret will not be
rendered.
 3. The Enclave Increases the Monotonic Counter value of the associated MC
using sgx_increment_monotonic_counter. If it fails, abort the
operation.
 4. The Enclave verifies the Monotonic Counter value returned in sgx_
increment_monotonic_counter is equal to the old value, pre-
viously returned by sgx_read_monotonic_counter, plus one.
 5. The Enclave updates the activity log and the Monotonic Counter_
Value.
 6. The Enclave seals the activity log into Sealed Data using sgx_seal_
data.
 7. The Enclave releases the secret to perform functions.

Deleting a Policy

 1. The Enclave follows the process of updating the Replay-Protected Activ-
ity Log to set the use counter to the maximum number of uses allowed,
before releasing the secret for the last time.
 2. User connects to the network to upload the activity log and receives a
new secret.
 3. The Enclave deletes the activity log and the associated Monotonic
Counter using sgx_destroy_monotonic_counter. If it is blocked by
the attacker, the associated activity log does not allow releasing of the
secret as the secret inside the activity log is invalidated or expired.

Time Based Policy

The sample code demonstrates a proper implementation of a Time-Based
Policy in the form of an offline Digital Rights Management (DRM) Key that
expires after a certain period of time. The sample code will not implement full
DRM functionality. Instead, it demonstrates:

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 l Creating offline sealed data with the DRM key, a time stamp and the
expiration policy.
 l Verifying the DRM key has not expired before releasing the key to per-
form function.

Initializing a Policy

 1. The Enclave retrieves the time reference and the time source nonce
using sgx_get_trusted_time.
 2. The Enclave fills the policy structure with the sample usage secret, the
time policy, the time reference and the time source nonce returned by
sgx_get_trusted_time.
 3. The Enclave seals the policy structure into Sealed Data using sgx_
seal_data.

Verifying a Policy

 1. The Enclave verifies and decrypts the sealed data using sgx_unseal_
data.
 2. The Enclave retrieves the current time using sgx_get_trusted_
time.
 3. The Enclave verifies the time source nonce returned by sgx_get_trus-
ted_time is the same as the time source nonce in the policy structure.
If not, abort the operation.
 4. Calculate time elapsed.
 5. Verify the policy. If the time limit has expired, abort the operation.
 6. The Enclave releases the secret to perform functions.

Intel® SGX2 Enclave

The project Sgx2Enclave illustrates creating and using the Intel® SGX 2.0
Enclave Dynamic Memory Management (Intel® SGX EDMM) enclave for the
Intel® SGX 2.0 hardware platform, leveraging the sgx_tedmm library provided
by the Intel® SGX SDK.
The project shows how to opt-in to Intel® SGX 2.0 behavior by linking the
sgx_tedmm library and importing the sgx_tedmm.edl file. It also demon-
strates Intel® SGX 2.0 API usage.
The code is shipped with the Intel® SGX SDK and is located in [Intel SGX 
SDK Install Path]src\Sgx2Enclave. You must open the project in
Microsoft* Visual Studio 2017.

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NOTE:
If the sample project is located in a system directory, administrator privileges
are required to open the project. You can copy the project folder to your dir-
ectory if an administrator permission cannot be granted.

Switchless
The Switchless sample is designed to illustrate the usage and potential per-
formance benefits of the Intel® Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX) Switch-
less Calls. It demonstrates the usage of sgx_create_enclave_ex and the
Switchless Calls configuration. The Switchless sample EDL defines regular and
switchless ECALLs and regular and switchless OCALLs. The sample application
calls sample ECALLSs/OCALLs in loops and compares the execution time of
the regular and switchless calls.

Protected Code Loader

Comparing the sample code in folder SampleEnclavePCL to the sample code
in folder SampleEnclave demonstrates how to integrate the Intel® Software
Guard Extensions Protected Code Loader (Intel® SGX PCL) into an ISV existing
Intel® SGX project.

Universal Windows Platform (UWP) Sample Enclave

Project SampleEnclaveUwp is a sample UWP application that uses the Intel®
Software Guard Extensions (SGX) SDK.
This project is a port of the SampleEnclave project that comes with the Intel®
SGX SDK to the UWP, based on the BlankAppUWP C++ project generated by
the Visual Studio Wizard. To use this project, you should be familiar with the
SampleEnclave Desktop or Win32 version.
The code is shipped with the Intel® SGX SDK and is located in [Intel SGX 
SDK Install Path]src\SampleEnclaveUwp. Open the project in the
Microsoft* Visual Studio 2017.

NOTE:
If the sample project is located in a system directory, administrator privileges
are required to open the project. You can copy the project folder to your dir-
ectory if an administrator permission cannot be granted.
To debug this sample, see Attaching to and Debugging an Enclave inside a
Running UWP application

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SampleSGXEnable
Project SampleSGXEnable is a sample application which is executed outside
Enclave. It's main functions are:
 1. Query Intel® SGX device's status.
 2. Enable Intel® SGX device if it's set as Software Control inside BIOS.

The code is shipped with the Intel® SGX SDK and is located in [Intel SGX 
SDK Install Path]src\SampleSGXEnable. Open the project in the
Microsoft* Visual Studio 2017.

NOTE:
This sample codes should be used inside APP installer to query and enable
Intel® SGX device during installation.

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Library Functions and Type Reference

This topic includes the following sub-topics to describe library functions and
type reference for Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK:
 l Untrusted Library Functions
 l Trusted Libraries
 l Function Descriptions
 l Types and Enumerations
 l Error Codes

Untrusted Library Functions

The untrusted library functions can only be called from application code - out-
side the enclave.

Enclave Creation and Destruction

These functions are used to create or destroy enclaves:
 l sgx_create_enclave
 l sgx_create_enclave_ex
 l sgx_destroy_enclave

Enclave Enumeration
Use this function to enumerate all the processes that have created and are cur-
rently using one or more enclaves. You can also use this function to obtain
information about all enclaves loaded on the platform.
 l sgx_enum_enclaves

Quoting Functions
These functions allow application enclaves to ensure that they are running on
the Intel® Software Guard Extensions environment.

NOTE:
To run these functions in the hardware mode, you need to access to the Inter-
net. Configure the system network proxy settings if needed.

NOTE:

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Under certain conditions, the Architectural Enclave Service Manager (AESM)

may fail to load Intel® signed enclaves due to the lack of resources. In this case,
sgx_ra_get_msg1, and sgx_ra_proc_msg2 might return errors. To fix
this problem, exit the applications with the loaded enclave to release the
resource and retry.
These functions perform Intel® EPID quoting.
 l sgx_init_quote
 l sgx_calc_quote_size
 l sgx_get_quote_size
 l sgx_get_quote
 l sgx_report_attestation_status
 l sgx_check_update_status

These functions perform Intel® EPID quoting and ECDSA quoting.

 l sgx_select_att_key_id
 l sgx_init_quote_ex
 l sgx_get_quote_size_ex
 l sgx_get_quote_ex

Untrusted Key Exchange Functions

These functions allow exchanging of secrets between ISV’s server and
enclaves. They are used in concert with the trusted Key Exchange functions.

NOTE:
To run these functions in the hardware mode, you need to access to the Inter-
net. Configure the system network proxy settings if needed.

NOTE:
Under certain conditions, the Architectural Enclave Service Manager (AESM)
may fail to load Intel® signed enclaves due to the lack of resources. In this case,
sgx_ra_get_msg1, and sgx_ra_proc_msg2 might return errors. To fix
this problem, exit applications with the loaded enclave to release the resource
and retry.
These functions perform Intel® EPID attestation.

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 l sgx_ra_get_msg1
 l sgx_ra_proc_msg2
 l sgx_get_extended_epid_group_id

These functions perform Intel® EPID attestation.and ECDSA attestation.

 l sgx_ra_get_msg1_ex
 l sgx_ra_proc_msg2_ex

Untrusted Platform Service Function

This function helps ISVs determine what Intel® SGX Platform Services are sup-
ported by the platform.

NOTE:
To run this function in the hardware mode, you need to access to Internet. Con-
figure the system network proxy settings if needed.

NOTE:
In some rare condition, some Intel® SGX signed enclaves will not be loaded
because of out of resource. In such case, sgx_ra_get_msg1, and sgx_ra_
proc_msg2 might return errors. To fix this problem, exit applications with the
loaded enclave to release the resource and retry.
 l sgx_get_ps_cap

Intel® SGX Enabling and Launch Control Functions

The enabling and launch control function helps you to enable the Intel® Soft-
ware Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX) device and return appropriate status.
 l sgx_enable_device
 l sgx_cap_enable_device

This function provides an Enclave Signing Key White List Certificate Chain,
which contains the signing key(s) of the Intel® SGX application enclave(s)
allowed to be launched. If the system has not acquired an up-to-date Enclave
Signing Key White List Certificate Chain, you can provide the chain to the sys-
tem by setting sgx_register_wl_cert_chain. Use sgx_get_whitel-
ist_size to get the size of the current Enclave Signing Key White List
Certificate Chain. Use sgx_get_whitelist to get the chain.

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 l sgx_register_wl_cert_chain
 l sgx_get_whitelist_size
 l sgx_get_whitelist

Intel® SGX device capability Functions

 
The Intel® SGX device capability functions help you query the Intel
SGX device status and the version of the PSW installed.
 l sgx_is_capable
 l sgx_cap_get_status
 l sgx_cap_get_psw_version_string

Trusted Libraries
The trusted libraries are static libraries that linked with the enclave binary.
The Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK ships with several trusted libraries
that cover domains such as standard C/C++ libraries, synchronization, encryp-
tion and more.
These functions/objects can only be used from within the enclave.
Trusted libraries built for HW mode (for example, not for simulation) contain a
string with the release number. The string version, which uses the library name
as prefix, is defined when the SDK is built and consists of various parameters
such as the product number, SVN revision number, build number, and so on.
This mechanism ensures all trusted libraries shipped in a given SDK release
will have the same version number and allows quick identification of the trus-
ted libraries linked into an enclave.
For instance, sgx_tstdc.lib contains a string version like SGX_TSTDC_
VERSION_1.0.0.0. Of course, the last digits vary depending on the SDK
release.

CAUTION:
Do not link the enclave with any untrusted library including C/C++ standard lib-
raries. This action will either fail the enclave signing process or cause a runtime
failure due to the use of restricted instructions.

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Trusted Runtime System

The Intel® SGX trusted runtime system (tRTS) is a key component of the Intel®
Software Guard Extensions SDK. It provides the enclave entry point logic as
well as other functions to be used by enclave developers.
 l Intel® Software Guard Extensions Helper Functions
 l Custom Exception Handling
 l Debug APIs inside Trusted Libraries
 l Intrinsic Functions

Intel® Software Guard Extensions Helper Functions

The tRTS provides the following helper functions for you to determine
whether a given address is within or outside enclave memory.
 l sgx_is_within_enclave
 l sgx_is_outside_enclave

The tRTS provides a wrapper to the RDRAND instruction to generate a true

random number from hardware. The C/C++ standard library functions rand
and srand functions are not supported within an enclave because they only
provide pseudo random numbers. Instead, enclave developers should use the
sgx_read_rand function to get true random numbers.
 l sgx_read_rand

Custom Exception Handling

The Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK provides an API to allow you to
register functions, or exception handlers, to handle a limited set of hardware
exceptions. When one of the enclave supported hardware exceptions occurs
within the enclave, the registered exception handlers will be called in a spe-
cific order until an exception handler reports that it has handled the excep-
tion. For example, issuing a CPUID instruction inside an Enclave will result in a
#UD fault (Invalid Opcode Exception). ISV enclave code can call sgx_
register_exception_handler to register a function of type sgx_excep-
tion_handler_t to respond to this exception. To check a list of enclave sup-
ported exceptions, see Intel® Software Guard Extensions Programming
Reference.

NOTE:

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Custom exception handling is only supported in HW mode. Although the

exception handlers can be registered in simulation mode, the exceptions can-
not be caught and handled within the enclave.

NOTE:
OCALLs are not allowed in the exception handler.

NOTE:
Custom exception handing only saves general purpose registers in sgx_
exception_info_t. You should be careful when touching other registers in
the exception handlers.
The Custom Exception Handling APIs are listed below:
 l sgx_register_exception_handler
 l sgx_unregister_exception_handler

Custom Exception Handler for CPUID Instruction

If an ISV requiresusing the CPUID information within an enclave, then the
enclave code must make an OCALL to perform the CPUID instruction in the
untrusted application. The Intel® SGX SDK provides two functions in the lib-
rary sgx_tstdc to obtain CPUID information through an OCALL:
 l sgx_cpuid
 l sgx_cpuid_ex

In addition, the Intel SGX SDK also provides the following intrinsics which call
the above functions to obtain CPUID data:
 l __cpuid
 l __cpuidex

Both the functions and intrinsics result in an OCALL to the uRTS library to
obtain CPUID data. The results are returned from an untrusted component in
the system. It is recommended that threat evaluation be performed to ensure
that CPUID return values are not problematic. Ideally, sanity checking of the
return values should be performed.
If an ISV's enclave uses a third party library which executes the CPUID instruc-
tion, then the ISV would need to provide a custom exception handler to
handle the exception generated from issuing the CPUID instruction (unless the
third party library registers its own exception handler for CPUID support). The

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ISV is responsible for analyzing the usage of the specific CPUID result
provided by the untrusted domain to ensure it does not compromise the
enclave security properties. Recommended implementation of the CPUID
exception handler involves:
 1. ISV analyzes the third party library CPUID usages, identifying required
CPUID results.
 2. ISV enclave code initialization routine populates a cache of the required
CPUID results inside the enclave. This cache might be maintained by the
RTS or by ISV code.
 3. ISV enclave code initialization routine registers a custom exception hand-
ler.
 4. The custom exception handler, when invoked, examines the exception
information and faulting instruction. If the exception is caused by a
CPUID instruction:
 1. Retrieve the cached CPUID result and populate the CPUID instruc-
tion output registers.
 2. Advance the RIP to bypass the CPUID instruction and complete the
exception handling.

Debug APIs inside Trusted Libraries

You can use the following debug APIs inside enclave:
 l IsDebuggerPresent
 l DebugBreak
 l OutputDebugString

NOTE:
OutputDebugString requires the Intel® SGX Debugger attached. Otherwise
the function does nothing.
Intrinsic Functions
The majority of Microsoft* Visual C++ intrinsics can be called inside the
enclave, and an enclave project can include Microsoft* standard <intrin.h>
directly with few restrictions. For example, you should not use intrinsics that
generate instructions unsupported inside an enclave. All unsupported intrinsic
functions generally fall into following categories:

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

 l I/O related functions.

 l Instructions requiring ring 0 privileges or can change privilege level.
 l OS or system related functions.
 l Intrinsics which are considered unprotected and encryption alternatives.

 1. There are few requirements for including Microsoft* standard

<intrin.h>:
 1. Add $(VC_VC_IncludePath) to Include Directories.
 2. Set Ignore Standard Include Path to No.
 2. Use /Oi or #pragma intrinsic(…) to enable MSVC intrinsics.

The <sgx_intrin.h> also provides compile warnings for unsupported

intrinsics.

Trusted Service Library

The Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK provides a trusted library named
sgx_tservice for secure data manipulation and protection. The sgx_tser-
vice library provides the following trusted functionality and services:
 l Intel® Software Guard Extensions Instruction Wrapper Functions
 l Intel® Software Guard Extensions Sealing and Unsealing Functions
 l Trusted Platform Service Functions
 l Diffie–Hellman (DH) Session Establishment Functions
 l Custom Alignment Interfaces

Intel® Software Guard Extensions Instruction Wrapper Functions

The sgx_tservice library provides functions for getting specific keys and
creating and verifying an enclave report. The API functions are listed below:
 l sgx_get_key
 l sgx_create_report
 l sgx_verify_report

The sgx_tservice library also provides two help functions:

 l sgx_self_report for getting a self cryptographic report
 l sgx_self_target for getting a self target info of an enclave.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Sealing and Unsealing Functions

The sgx_tservice library provides the following functions:
 l Exposes APIs to create sealed data which is both confidentiality and
integrity protected.
 l Exposes an API to unseal sealed data inside the enclave.
 l Provides APIs to authenticate and verify the input data with AES-GMAC.

See the following related topics for more information.

 l sgx_seal_data
 l sgx_seal_data_ex
 l sgx_unseal_data
 l sgx_mac_aadata
 l sgx_mac_aadata_ex
 l sgx_unmac_aadata

The library also provides APIs to help calculate the sealed data size, encrypt
text length, and Message Authentication Code (MAC) text length.
 l sgx_calc_sealed_data_size
 l sgx_get_add_mac_txt_len
 l sgx_get_encrypt_txt_len

SealLibrary Introduction
When an enclave is instantiated, it provides protections (confidentiality and
integrity) to the data by keeping it within the boundary of the enclave. Enclave
developers should identify enclave data and/or state that is considered secret
and potentially needs preservation across the following enclave destruction
events:
 l Application is done with the enclave and closes it.
 l Application itself is closed.
 l The platform is hibernated or shutdown.

In general, the secrets provisioned within an enclave are lost when the enclave
is closed. However if the secret data needs to be preserved during one of
these events for future use within an enclave, it must be stored outside the

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enclave boundary before closing the enclave. In order to protect and preserve
the data, a mechanism is in place which allows enclave software to retrieve a
key unique to that enclave. This key can only be generated by that enclave on
that particular platform. Enclave software uses that key to encrypt data to the
platform or to decrypt data already on the platform. Refer to these encrypt
and decrypt operations as sealing and unsealing respectively as the data is
cryptographically sealed to the enclave and platform.
To provide strong protection against potential key-wear-out attacks, a unique
seal key is generated for each data blob encrypted with the sgx_seal_data
API call. A key ID for each encrypted data blob is stored in clear alongside the
encrypted data blob. The key ID is used to re-generate the seal key to decrypt
the data blob.
AES-GCM (AES – Advanced Encryption Standard) is utilized to encrypt and
MAC-protect the payload. To protect against software-based side channel
attacks, the crypto implementation of AES-GCM utilizes Intel® Advanced
Encryption Standard New Instructions (Intel® AES-NI), which is immune to soft-
ware-based side channel attacks. The Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) is a mode of
operation of the AES algorithm. GCM assures authenticity of the confidential
data (of up to about 64 GB per invocation) using a universal hash function.
GCM can also provide authentication assurance for additional data (of prac-
tically unlimited length per invocation) that is not encrypted. GCM can also
provide authentication assurance for additional data (of practically unlimited
length per invocation) that is not encrypted. If the GCM input contains only
data that is not to be encrypted, the resulting specialization of GCM, called
GMAC (Galois Message Authentication Code), is simply an authentication mode
for the input data. The sgx_mac_aadata API call restricts the input to non-
confidential data to provide data origin authentication only. The single output
of this function is the authentication tag.
Example Use Cases
One example is that an application may start collecting secret state while
executing that needs to be preserved and utilized on future invocations of
that application. Another example is during application installation, a secret
key may need to be preserved and verified upon starting the application.
For these cases the seal APIs can be utilized to seal the secret data (key or
state) in the examples above, and then unseal the secret data when needed.
Sealing

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 1. Use sgx_calc_sealed_data_size to calculate the number of bytes

to allocate for the sgx_sealed_data_t structure.
 2. Allocate memory for the sgx_sealed_data_t structure.
 3. Call sgx_seal_data to perform sealing operation
 4. Save the sealed data structure for future use.

Unsealing
 1. Use sgx_get_encrypt_txt_len and sgx_get_add_mac_txt_
len to determine the size of the buffers to allocate in terms of bytes.
 2. Allocate memory for the decrypted text and additional text buffers.
 3. Call sgx_unseal_data to perform the unsealing operation.

Trusted Platform Service Functions

The sgx_tservice library provides the following functions that allow an ISV
to use platform services and get platform services security property.

NOTE:
To run these functions in the hardware mode, you need to access to Internet.
Configure the system network proxy settings if needed.
 l sgx_create_pse_session
 l sgx_close_pse_session
 l sgx_get_ps_sec_prop
 l sgx_get_ps_sec_prop_ex
 l sgx_get_trusted_time
 l sgx_create_monotonic_counter_ex
 l sgx_create_monotonic_counter
 l sgx_destroy_monotonic_counter
 l sgx_increment_monotonic_counter
 l sgx_read_monotonic_counter

Diffie–Hellman (DH) Session Establishment Functions

The sgx_tservice library provides the following functions to allow an ISV to
establish secure session between two enclaves using the EC DH Key exchange
protocol.

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 l sgx_dh_init_session
 l sgx_dh_responder_gen_msg1
 l sgx_dh_initiator_proc_msg1
 l sgx_dh_responder_proc_msg2
 l sgx_dh_initiator_proc_msg3

Custom Alignment Interfaces

The sgx_tservice library provides a set of interfaces that facilitate custom
alignment of secrets and structures that contain secrets. Different interfaces
are used for secrets that are statically-defined (stack, global, static) versus
dynamically-defined (heap) and for secrets in C++ code versus C code.
See the following related topics for more information:
 l class template custom_alignment_aligned
 l sgx_get_aligned_ptr
 l sgx_aligned_malloc
 l sgx_aligned_free

C Standard Library
The Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK includes a trusted version of the C
standard library. The library is named sgx_tstdc (trusted standard C), and
can only be used inside an enclave. Standard C headers are located under
[Intel SGX SDK Install Path]include\tlibc.
sgx_tstdc provides a subset of C11 functions that are ported from the
OpenBSD* project. Unsupported functions are not allowed inside an enclave
for the following reasons:
 l The definition implies usage of a restricted CPU instruction.
 l The definition is known to be unsafe or insecure.
 l The definition implementation is too large to fit inside an enclave or
relies heavily on information from the untrusted domain.
 l The definition is compiler specific, and not part of the standard.
 l The definition is a part of the standard, but it is not supported by a spe-
cific compiler.

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See Unsupported C Standard Functions for a list of unsupported C11 defin-

itions within an enclave.
Locale Functions
A trusted version of locale functions is not provided primarily due to the size
restriction. Those functions rely heavily on the localization data (normally 1MB
to 2MB), which should be preloaded into the enclave in advance to ensure
that it will not be modified from the untrusted domain. This practice would
increase the footprint of an enclave, especially for those enclaves not depend-
ing on the locale functionality. Moreover, since localization data is not avail-
able, wide character functions inquiring enclave locale settings are not
supported either.
Random Number Generation Functions
The random functions srand and rand are not supported in the Intel® SGX
SDK C library. A true random function sgx_read_rand is provided in the
tRTS library by using the RDRAND instruction. However, in the Intel® SGX sim-
ulation environment, this function still generates pseudo random numbers
because RDRAND may not be available on the hardware platform.
String Functions
The functions strcpy and strcat are not supported in the Intel® SGX SDK C
library. You are recommended to use strncpy and strncat instead.
Abort Function
The abort() function is supported within an enclave but has a different beha-
vior. When a thread calls the abort function, it makes the enclave unusable by
setting the enclave state to a specific value that allows the tRTS and applic-
ation to detect and report this event. The aborting thread generates an excep-
tion and exits the enclave, while other enclave threads continue running
normally until they exit the enclave. Once the enclave is in the unusable state,
subsequent enclave calls and OCALL returns generate the same error indic-
ating that the enclave is no longer usable. After all thread calls abort, the
enclave is locked and cannot be recovered. You have to destroy, reload and
reinitialize the enclave to use it again.
Thread Synchronization Primitives
Multiple untrusted threads may enter an enclave simultaneously as long as
more than one thread context is defined by the application and created by
the untrusted loader. Once multiple threads execute concurrently within an
enclave, they will need some forms of synchronization mechanism if they

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intend to operate on any global data structure. In some cases, threads may use
the atomic operations provided by the processor’s ISA. In the general case,
however, they would use synchronization objects and mechanisms similar to
those available outside the enclave.
The Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK already supports event, mutex and
conditional variable synchronization mechanisms by means of the following
API and data types defined in the Types and Enumerations section. Some func-
tions included in the trusted Thread Synchronization library may make calls
outside the enclave (OCALLs). If you use any of the APIs below, you must first
import the needed OCALL functions from sgx_tstdc.edl. Otherwise, you
will get a linker error when the enclave is being built; see Calling Functions out-
side the Enclave for additional details. The table below illustrates the prim-
itives that the Intel® SGX Thread Synchronization library supports, as well as
the OCALLs that each API function needs.

  Function API OCall Function

Mutex Synchronization sgx_thread_mutex_  
init
sgx_thread_mutex_  
destroy
sgx_thread_mutex_ sgx_thread_wait_untrusted_
lock event_ocall
sgx_thread_mutex_  
trylock
sgx_thread_mutex_ sgx_thread_set_untrusted_
unlock event_ocall
Condition Variable Syn- sgx_thread_cond_  
chronization init
sgx_thread_cond_  
destroy
sgx_thread_cond_ sgx_thread_wait_untrusted_
wait event_ocall
sgx_thread_setwait_untrusted_
events_ocall
sgx_thread_cond_ sgx_thread_set_untrusted_
signal event_ocall
sgx_thread_cond_ sgx_thread_set_multiple_untrus-

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broadcast ted_events_ocall
Event Synchronization sgx_create_event  

sgx_set_event sgx_thread_wait_untrusted_
event_ocall
sgx_thread_set_untrusted_
event_ocall
sgx_thread_set_untrusted_
event_ocall
sgx_thread_set_multiple_untrus-
ted_events_ocall
sgx_reset_event sgx_thread_wait_untrusted_
event_ocall
sgx_thread_set_untrusted_
event_ocall
sgx_destroy_event sgx_thread_wait_untrusted_
event_ocall
sgx_thread_set_untrusted_
event_ocall
sgx_wait_for_ sgx_thread_wait_untrusted_
single_object event_ocall
sgx_thread_set_untrusted_
event_ocall
sgx_thread_wait_untrusted_
event_ocall
sgx_thread_setwait_untrusted_
events_ocall
sgx_wait_for_mul- sgx_thread_wait_untrusted_
tiple_objects event_ocall
sgx_thread_set_untrusted_
event_ocall
sgx_thread_wait_untrusted_
event_ocall
sgx_thread_setwait_untrusted_

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events_ocall
Thread Management sgx_thread_self  
sgx_thread_equal  

Query CPUID inside Enclave

The Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK provides two functions for enclave
developers to query a subset of CPUID information inside the enclave:
 l sgx_cpuid
 l sgx_cpuidex

Secure Functions
The Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK provides some secure functions. An
enclave project can include <mbusafecrt.h> to use them.
See Supported C Secure Functions for a list of supported secure functions
definitions within an enclave.
Non-Local Jumps
The C standard library provides a pair of functions, setjmp and longjmp,
that can be used to perform non-local jumps. setjmp saves the current pro-
gram state into a data structure. longjmp can later use this data structure to
restore the execution context. This means that after longjmp, execution con-
tinues at the setjmp call site.
Since setjmp/longjmp may transfer execution from one function to a pre-
determined location in another function, normal stack unwinding does not
occur. As a result, you must use this functionality carefully, ensuring that an
enclave only calls setjmp in a valid context. You should also perform extens-
ive security validation to ascertain that the enclave never uses these functions
in such a way it could result in undefined behavior. Typical use of
setjmp/longjmp is the implementation of an exception mechanism (error
handling). However, you must never use these functions in C++ programs. You
should use the standard CEH instead. You are recommended to review the
information provided at cert.org on how to use setjmp/longjmp securely.

C++ Language Support

The Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK provides a trusted library for C++
support inside the enclave. C++ developers would utilize advanced C++ fea-
tures that require C++ runtime libraries.

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The ISO/IEC 14882: C++ standard is chosen as the baseline for the Intel® Soft-
ware Guard Extensions SDK trusted library. Most of standard C++ features are
fully supported inside the enclave, and including:
 1. Dynamic memory management with new/delete;
 2. Global initializers are supported (usually used in the construction of
global objects);
 3. Run-time Type Identification (RTTI);
 4. C++ exception handling inside the enclave.

Currently, global destructors are not supported due to the reason that EPC
memory will be recycled when destroying an enclave.

NOTE
C++ objects are not supported in enclave interface definitions. If an applic-
ation needs to pass a C++ object across the enclave boundary, you are recom-
mended to store the C++ object’s data in a C struct and marshal the data
across the enclave interface. Then you need to instantiate the C++ object
inside the enclave with the marshaled C struct passed in to the constructor (or
you may update existing instantiated objects with appropriate operators).
C++ Standard Library
The Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK includes a trusted version of the
C++ standard library that conforms to the C++11 standard. Visual Studio* uses
sgx_tcxx.lib, which has been ported from libc++ and supports most
C++11 features.
As for the C++ standard library, most functions will work just as its untrusted
counterpart, but here is a high level summary of features that are not sup-
ported inside the enclave:
 1. I/O related functions and classes, like <iostream>;
 2. Functions depending on a locale library;
 3. Any other functions that require system calls.

However, only C functions can be used as the language for trusted and untrus-
ted interfaces. While you can use C++ to develop your enclaves, you should
not pass C++ objects across the enclave boundary.
Known Issue for C++ Exception
There is a known issue for C++ exception handling inside the enclave. An
exception object cannot be rethrown after it has been handled once (after a

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catch block), even though the object was not expected to be destroyed. The
issue exists only in the 32-bit enclave.
Here is an example:
void go2()
{
try {
throw 1;
}
catch (...) {
try {
throw;
}
catch (...)  {
 
} // exception object was destroyed unexpectedly  
 
throw;  
/
  / Crash!
}  
 
}

Cryptography Library
The Intel® Software Guard Extensions Software Development Kit (Intel®
SGX SDK) includes a trusted cryptography library named sgx_tcrypto. It
contains cryptographic functions used by other trusted libraries included in
the SDK, such as the sgx_tservice library. Thus, functionality of this library
is limited.
 l sgx_sha256_msg
 l sgx_sha256_init
 l sgx_sha256_update
 l sgx_sha256_get_hash
 l sgx_sha256_close
 l sgx_rijndael128GCM_encrypt
 l sgx_rijndael128GCM_decrypt
 l sgx_aes_gcm128_enc_init
 l sgx_aes_gcm128_enc_update
 l sgx_aes_gcm128_enc_get_mac
 l sgx_aes_gcm_close
 l sgx_rijndael128_cmac_msg
 l sgx_cmac128_init

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 l sgx_cmac128_update
 l sgx_cmac128_final
 l sgx_cmac128_close
 l sgx_aes_ctr_encrypt
 l sgx_aes_ctr_decrypt
 l sgx_ecc256_open_context
 l sgx_ecc256_close_context
 l sgx_ecc256_create_key_pair
 l sgx_ecc256_compute_shared_dhkey
 l sgx_ecc256_check_point
 l sgx_ecdsa_sign
 l sgx_ecdsa_verify
 l sgx_ecdsa_verify_hash
 l sgx_rsa3072_sign
 l sgx_rsa3072_verify
 l sgx_create_rsa_key_pair
 l sgx_create_rsa_priv2_key
 l sgx_create_rsa_pub1_key
 l sgx_free_rsa_key
 l sgx_rsa_priv_decrypt_sha256
 l sgx_rsa_pub_encrypt_sha256
 l sgx_calculate_ecdsa_priv_key
 l sgx_ecc256_calculate_pub_from_priv
 l sgx_hmac_sha256_msg
 l sgx_hmac256_init
 l sgx_hmac256_update
 l sgx_hmac256_final
 l sgx_hmac256_close

If you need additional cryptographic functionality, you can use the Intel® Integ-
rated Performance Primitives (Intel® IPP) Cryptography library. The Intel®
IPP Cryptography 2018 Update 2.1 is linked to sgx_tcrypto.lib and its

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API is directly accessible. The Intel® IPP Cryptographic header files are located
in [Intel SGX SDK Install Path]include\ipp. The Intel®
IPP Cryptographic library is included in the SDK under the Community Licens-
ing.
The trusted cryptography library is based on an underlying general-purpose
cryptographic library: Intel® Integrated Performance Primitives (Intel® IPP)
Cryptography 2018 Update 2.1 or Intel® Software Guard Extensions SSL cryp-
tographic library (Intel® SGX SSL).
The default build uses precompiled, optimized libraries, which include Intel®
IPP libraries. In addition, the Intel® IPP Cryptographic header files are located
in [Intel SGX SDK Install Path]include/ipp. If you want to use
Intel® SGX SSL instead of Intel® IPP you should use the non-optimized code
implementation. Follow the README.md for detailed instructions.
If you need additional cryptographic functionality, you can use the general-pur-
pose cryptographic library, and its corresponding header files. The underlying
trusted libraries are linked into libsgx_tcrypto.a.

Directly accessing Intel® SGX SSL API is possible after updating the Enclave
EDL and the Application project with the requirements described in Intel®
SGX SSL Developer Guide, section 2.2. Using Intel® SGX SSL Library.

NOTE
To get internal OpenSSL* error codes, you need to build sgx_tcrypto in
DEBUG mode and declare extern unsigned long openssl_last_err,
which holds OpenSSL error code upon failure.
See more information at the Intel® Software Guard Extensions SSL cryp-
tographic library GitHub* repository.
Known limitations:
 l Intel SGX SSL library registers a CPUID exception handler which handles
CPUID exceptions on certain leaves:
 l  o leaf 0x0
 o leaf 0x1
 o leaf 0x4, sub leaf 0x0
 o leaf 0x7, sub leaf 0x0

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 l Enclaves using one of the mentioned leaves may have a different beha-
vior upon moving from Intel IPP to Intel SGX SSL.
 l When running sgx-gdb on an enclave built with Intel SGX SSL, several
SIGILL signals might be raised (since OpenSSL code has some cpuid
instruction calls), gdb continue will continue executing your program.

NOTE
See more information on cryptography in Intel® Integrated Performance Prim-
itives Cryptography Developer Reference.
 

Trusted Key Exchange Functions

These functions allow an ISV to exchange secrets between its server and its
enclaves. They are used in concert with untrusted Key Exchange functions.
 l sgx_ra_init
 l sgx_ra_init_ex
 l sgx_ra_get_keys
 l sgx_ra_close

Intel® Protected File System Library

Intel® Protected File System Library provides protected files API for Intel®
SGX enclaves. It supports a basic subset of the regular C file API and enables
you to create files and work with them as you would normally do from a reg-
ular application.
With this API, the files are encrypted and saved on the untrusted disk during a
write operation, and they are verified for confidentiality and integrity during a
read operation.
To encrypt a file, you should provide a file encryption key. This key is a 128
bits key, and is used as a key derivation key, to generate multiple encryption
keys. According to “NIST Special Publication 800-108 - Recommendation for
Key Derivation Using Pseudorandom Functions”: “The key that is input to a key
derivation function is called a key derivation key. To comply with this Recom-
mendation, a key derivation key shall be a cryptographic key (see Section 3.1).
The key derivation key used as an input to one of the key derivation functions

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specified in this Recommendation can be generated by an approved cryp-

tographic random bit generator (e.g., by a deterministic random bit generator
of the type specified in [5]), or by an approved automated key-establishment
process (e.g., as defined in [1] and [2])”. For more details, please refer to NIST
SP 800-108 document.
Another option is to use automatic keys derived from the enclave sealing key
(see disadvantages of this approach in the topic Using the Protected FS Auto-
matic Keys API).
 l sgx_fopen
 l sgx_fopen_auto_key
 l sgx_fclose
 l sgx_fread
 l sgx_fwrite
 l sgx_fflush
 l sgx_ftell
 l sgx_fseek
 l sgx_feof
 l sgx_ferror
 l sgx_clearerr
 l sgx_remove
 l sgx_fexport_auto_key
 l sgx_fimport_auto_key
 l sgx_fclear_cache

Protected FS Usage Limitation

Since the Protected Files have meta-data embedded in them, only one file
handle can be opened for writing at a time, or many file handles for reading.
OS protection mechanism is used for protecting against accidentally opening
more than one ‘write’ file handle. If this protection is bypassed, the file will get
corrupted. An open file handle can be used by many threads inside the same
enclave, the APIs include internal locks for handling this and the operations
will be executed by one.

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Protected FS Error Codes

The Protected File System (FS) API tries to preserve the original C file API
errors. A local errno (enclave internal) is also set for APIs that require this
according to the original C file API documentation.
When the Protected FS API is accessing the OS file system, if an error is
returned, that error will be provided back to the caller of the Protected FS
API. In addition, when possible, it returns an EXXX error code for internal
errors (for example, the EACCES error code is returned when trying to write a
file that was opened as read-only, or ENOMEM is returned when an internal
attempt to allocate memory fails). Several special error codes were added, like
SGX_ERROR_FILE_NAME_MISMATCH, for the cases when the current file
name does not match the internal file name. You can find these error codes
and their explanations in sgx_error.h.
Protected FS Application Layout
The following figure demonstrates how the Protected File System (FS) works
inside an Intel® SGX application:

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Figure 24 Protected File System Layout

To use the Intel SGX Protected File System libraries:
 1. The enclave must be linked with sgx_tprotected_fs.lib
 2. The application must be linked with sgx_uprotected_fs.lib
 3. The enclave’s EDL file must ‘import’ all the functions from sgx_tpro-
tected_fs.edl
 4. The source files should ‘include’ sgx_tprotected_fs.h

Protected FS S3/S4 Important Note

To enhance the performance of the Protected File System, cache is used to
save the user’s data inside the enclave, and only when the cache is full it is
flushed to disk.

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In case of S3/S4 transitions, data in the cache will be lost (the entire enclave is
los). Therefore, all file handles must be flushed or closed before entering
S3/S4. If no action is taken, the file integrity is not harmed, only the latest writ-
ten data that was not flushed will be lost.
Using the Protected FS Automatic Keys API
Automatic keys are derived from the enclave sealing key (with MRSIGNER), so
the files are bound to all the enclaves signed by the same signer on this par-
ticular machine. To transfer a file from one machine to another, you should fol-
low the key export and import procedure below. There are several cases when
using automatic keys is not recommended.
 l Disaster recovery – trying to open files created on one machine on a dif-
ferent machine will fail (unless you follow the procedure described
below). Therefore, automatic disaster recovery may not work properly.
 l VM migrations – currently, Intel® SGX does not support automatic
enclave keys transfer in VM migration. Therefore, enclaves running on
servers that use VM migrations cannot use the auto key API.

File Transfer with the Automatic Keys API

For files that were created with sgx_fopen_auto_key, to transfer a file
from one enclave to another, or to another enclave on a different machine, fol-
low this procedure:
 1. Close all open handles to the file.
 2. Call the sgx_fexport_auto_key API. This API returns the last encryp-
tion key that was used to encrypt the meta-data node of the file.
 3. Transfer the file to the destination enclave, and provide the key in a safe
method to that enclave.
 4. Call the sgx_fimport_auto_key API. This API will re-encrypt the
meta-data node with a new encryption key, derived from the local
enclave seal key.
 5. Open the file with sgx_fopen_auto_key as usual.

Protected FS Security Non-Objectives

In order to mitigate file swapping attacks (with two valid files), file names are
checked during a file open operation (verifies that the current name is equal
to the file name the file was created with). However, if two files are created
with the same file name, there is no way to protect against such a swapping
attack.

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Since the files are saved in the regular FS, there is no protection against mali-
cious file deletion or modification – this will only be detected when trying to
read or write the modified section from the file (decryption will fail).
There are several things that are not protected when using the Protected FS
API, and anyone who can access the OS can see them:
 1. File name
 2. File size (up to 4KB granularity)
 3. File modification date
 4. Key type (user or auto)
 5. Usage patterns
 6. Read/Write offsets

If any of those items might expose sensitive information, and help a potential
attacker, the enclave developer should add defense mechanisms on their own
to protect against this. For example, an implementation of a “secure browser”
should not save the ‘cookies’ with the names of their related websites,
because an attacker can learn from that the user’s browsing history.

TCMalloc Library
The Intel® Software Guard Extensions SDK includes a trusted version of the
TCMalloc library. The library is named sgx_tcmalloc, and can only be used
inside an enclave. sgx_tcmalloc provides high performance memory alloc-
ation and deallocation functions that are ported from gperftools-2.7:
 l malloc
 l free
 l realloc
 l calloc
 l memalign

Do the following to enable TCMalloc in Intel® SGX:

1.Set the enclave project's Global Heap Size value equal or larger than
0xA00000.
The Global Heap Size setting path:
enclave project->Intel® SGX Configuration->Enclave Set-
tings->Global Heap Size

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Figure 25 Global Heap Size

2.Add sgx_tcmalloc.lib into the target enclave project's Additional 
Dependencies option.
The Additional Dependencies setting path:
enclave project->Properties->Linker->Input->Additional 
Dependencies

Figure 26 Additional Dependencies

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NOTE:
The sgx_tcmalloc.lib must be added before sgx_tstdc.lib, or
dlmalloc will be used.

Enclave Dynamic Memory Management Library

The Intel® SGX SDK includes a trusted library, sgx_tedmm.lib, that
provides support for modifying the permissions of committed pages in an
enclave. Intel® SGX EDMM behavior is only available on Intel® SGX 2.0 hard-
ware platforms with 2.0 Platform Software and Intel® SGX 2.0-
capable Windows* OS.
An Intel® SGX EDMM-capable enclave opts-in to Intel® SGX 2.0 behavior by
linking against the sgx_tedmm library and importing the file sgx_tedm-
m.edl. In addition to supporting explicit requests to modify page per-
missions, this enclave will automatically modify any RWX code pages to RX
after relocation completes. An Intel® SGX EDMM-capable enclave will also
execute on a system without support for Intel® SGX 2.0, but will not be able to
perform Intel® SGX EDMM operations. The Intel® SGX EDMM APIs will report
SGX_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED in this situation.
Update Project Settings for Enclave Project
To create an Intel® SGX EDMM-capable enclave, adjust your Enclave Project
settings to add the Intel® SGX EDMM library.
Linker->Input->Additional Dependencies: Add sgx_tedmm.lib
Import Intel® SGX EDMM EDL file
The Intel® SGX EDMM EDL file should be imported by the enclave EDL file as
shown in the example. Note including this edl file will expose an additional
OCALL for the enclave.
enclave {
from "sgx_tedmm.edl" import *;
 
trusted {
};
untrusted {
};
};
EDMM Library API

 l sgx_virtual_protect

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Switchless Calls Library

The untrusted portion of the Switchless Calls is integrated into the uRTS lib-
rary. The trusted part is provided by sgx_tswitchless.lib library. The trusted
library does not expose any API functions. It just enables the Switchless Calls
feature inside the enclave.
Developers can enable Switchless Calls using the ‘transition_using_threads’
keyword in the enclave EDL file .
At runtime, the enclave must be created using the sgx_create_enclave_
ex API, providing a Switchless Calls configuration structure.

Protected Code Loader Library

The untrusted portion of Intel® SGX PCL is integrated into the uRTS library.
The trusted part is provided by sgx_pcl.lib. The trusted library does not
expose any API to the ISV portion of the enclave. See 'Integrating
Intel® SGX PCL with an existing Intel® SGX solution' above for a detailed
description of how these libraries are used. Intel® SGX PCL is not supported in
simulation mode.
 

Function Descriptions
This topic describes various functions including their syntax, parameters,
return values, and requirements.

NOTE
When an API function lists an EDL in its requirements, users need to explicitly
import such library EDL file in their enclave's EDL.

sgx_create_enclave
Loads the enclave using its file name and initializes it using a launch token.
sgx_create_enclave is a macro for the sgx_create_enclavea(ANSI)
or sgx_create_enclavew (Unicode) function.
The compiler will use the Unicode version if UNICODE is defined in the pro-
ject.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_create_enclave(
const char *file_name,
const int debug,

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sgx_launch_token_t *launch_token,
int *launch_token_updated,
sgx_enclave_id_t *enclave_id,
sgx_misc_attribute_t *misc_attr
);
 
Parameters
file_name [in]
Name or full path to the enclave image. This parameter is identical to the
lpFileName parameter in CreateFile(). If the project is using Unicode char-
acter set, file_name should be an Unicode string. If the project is using
Multi-Byte character set, file_name should be an ANSI string.
debug [in]
The valid value is 0 or 1.
0 indicates to create the enclave in non-debug mode. An enclave created in
non-debug mode cannot be debugged.
1 indicates to create the enclave in debug mode. The code/data memory
inside an enclave created in debug mode is accessible by the debugger or
other software outside of the enclave and thus is not under the same memory
access protections as an enclave created in non-debug mode.
Enclaves should only be created in debug mode for debug purposes. A helper
macro SGX_DEBUG_FLAG is provided to create an enclave in debug mode. In
release builds, the value of SGX_DEBUG_FLAG is 0. In debug and pre-release
builds, the value of SGX_DEBUG_FLAG is 1 by default.
launch_token [in/out]
Pointer to an sgx_launch_token_t object used to initialize the enclave to be
created. Must not be NULL. The caller can provide an all-0 buffer as the sgx_
launch_token_t object, in which case, the function attempts to create a valid
sgx_launch_token_t object and store it in the buffer. You should store the sgx_
launch_token_t object and re-use it in future calls to create the same enclave.
Certain platform configuration changes can invalidate a previously stored sgx_
launch_token_t object. If the token provided is not valid, the function attempts
to update it to a valid one.
launch_token_updated [out]

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The output is 0 or 1. 0 indicates the launch token has not been updated. 1
indicates the launch token has been updated.
enclave_id [out]
Pointer to an sgx_enclave_id_t that receives the enclave ID or handle. Must
not be NULL.
misc_attr [out, optional]
Pointer to an sgx_misc_attribute_t structure that receives the misc select and
attributes of the enclave. This pointer may be NULL if the information is not
needed.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The enclave is loaded and initialized successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_ENCLAVE
The enclave file is corrupted.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The ‘enclave_id’, ‘updated’, or ‘token’ parameter is NULL.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory available to complete sgx_create_enclave().
SGX_ERROR_ENCLAVE_FILE_ACCESS
The enclave file cannot be opened. Possible reasons: the enclave file is not
found or you have no privilege to access the enclave file.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_METADATA
The metadata embedded within the enclave image is corrupted or missing.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_VERSION
The enclave metadata version (created by the signing tool) and the untrusted
library version (uRTS) do not match.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_SIGNATURE
The signature for the enclave is not valid.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC

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The protected memory has run out. Possible reasons: you are creating too
many enclaves, the enclave requires too much memory, or one of the Archi-
tecture Enclaves for this operation cannot be loaded.
SGX_ERROR_NO_DEVICE
The Intel® SGX device is not valid. This may be caused by the Intel® SGX driver
being disabled or not installed.
SGX_ERROR_MEMORY_MAP_CONFLICT
During the enclave creation, a race condition for mapping memory between
the loader and another thread occured. The loader may fail to map virtual
address. Create the enclave again.
SGX_ERROR_DEVICE_BUSY
The Intel® SGX driver or a low level system is busy when creating the enclave.
Create the enclave again.
SGX_ERROR_MODE_INCOMPATIBLE
The target enclave mode is incompatible with the mode of the current RTS.
Possible reasons: a 64-bit application tries to load a 32-bit enclave or a sim-
ulation uRTS tries to load a hardware enclave.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
sgx_create_enclave() needs the AE service to get a launch token. If the
service is not available, the enclave may not be launched.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
The request to the AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_INVALID_PRIVILEGE
The request requires some special attributes for the enclave, but is not priv-
ileged.
SGX_ERROR_NDEBUG_ENCLAVE
The enclave is signed as a product enclave and cannot be created as a debug-
gable enclave.
SGX_ERROR_UNDEFINED_SYMBOL
The enclave contains an import table.
The signing tool should typically report this type of error when the enclave is
built.

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SGX_ERROR_INVALID_MISC
The MiscSelct/MiscMask settings are not correct.
SGX_ERROR_HYPERV_ENABLED
Incompatible versions of Windows* 10 OS and Hyper-V* are detected. Disable
Hyper-V on the target machine.
SGX_ERROR_PCL_ENCRYPTED
Enclave is encrypted. This function cannot be used to load an enclave that was
encrypted by the encryption tool. Use sgx_create_enclave_ex.
SGX_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED
Requested feature is not supported. Possible features are KSS, EDMM, and, if
the application is a UWP App, TCS_POLICY_BIND.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Unexpected error is detected.
Description
The sgx_create_enclave function loads and initializes the enclave using
the enclave file name and a launch token. If the launch token is incorrect, the
function gets a new one and saves it back to the input parameter “token”. In
this case, the parameter “updated” indicates that the launch token is updated.
If both enclave and launch tokens are valid, the function returns a value of
SGX_SUCCESS. The enclave ID (handle) is returned via the enclave_id para-
meter.
The library sgx_urts.lib provides this function to load an enclave with the
Intel® SGX hardware, and it cannot be used to load an enclave linked with the
simulation library. On the other hand, the simulation library sgx_urts_
sim.lib exposes an identical interface which can only load a simulation
enclave. Running in simulation mode does not require Intel® SGX hard-
ware/driver. However, it does not provide hardware protection.
The randomization of the load address of the enclave is dependent on the
operating system. The address of the heap and stack is not randomized and is
at a constant offset from the enclave base address. Different versions of Win-
dows OS may randomize or not randomize the base address. A compromised
loader or operating system (both of which are outside the TCB) can remove
the randomization entirely. The enclave writer should not rely on the ran-
domization of the base address of the enclave.

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Do not call the sgx_create_enclave function as part of initialization of a

DLL. For instance, sgx_create_enclave hangs when it is called from the
global object constructor of a C++ class in a DLL.
Requirements
Header sgx_urts.h
Library sgx_urts.lib or sgx_urts_sim.lib (simulation)
 

sgx_create_enclave_ex
Loads the enclave using its file name and initializes it using a launch token.
Enables extended features, Intel® SGX PCL, Switchless Calls initialization, and
Key Separation & Sharing (KSS).
sgx_create_enclave_ex is a macro for the sgx_create_enclave_exa
(ANSI) or sgx_create_enclave_exw (Unicode) function.
The compiler uses the Unicode version if UNICODE is defined in the project.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_create_enclave_ex(
const char *file_name,
const int debug,
sgx_launch_token_t *launch_token,
int *launch_token_updated,
sgx_enclave_id_t *enclave_id,
sgx_misc_attribute_t *misc_attr,
const uint32_t ex_features,
const void* ex_features_p[32]
);
 
Parameters
file_name [in]
Name or full path to the enclave image. This parameter is identical to the
lpFileName parameter in CreateFile(). If the project is using the Unicode char-
acter set, file_name should be a Unicode string. If the project is using Multi-
Byte character set, file_name should be an ANSI string.
debug [in]
The valid value is 0 or 1.

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0 indicates creating the enclave in a non-debug mode. An enclave created in a

non-debug mode cannot be debugged.
1 indicates creating the enclave in a debug mode. The codeor data memory
inside an enclave created in a debug mode is accessible by a debugger or
another software outside the enclave. Thus, this enclave is not under the same
memory access protections as a non-debig enclave.
You should create enclaves in the debug mode for debug purposes only. To
create a debuggable enclave, you can use a helper macro SGX_DEBUG_FLAG.
In release builds, the value of SGX_DEBUG_FLAG is 0. In debug and pre-
release builds, the value of SGX_DEBUG_FLAG is 1 by default.
launch_token [in/out]
Pointer to an sgx_launch_token_t object used to initialize the enclave to be
created. Must not be NULL. You can provide an all-0 buffer as the sgx_launch_
token_t object, in which case, the function attempts to create a valid sgx_
launch_token_t object and store it in the buffer. You should store the sgx_
launch_token_t object and re-use it in future calls to create the same enclave.
Certain platform configuration changes can invalidate a previously stored sgx_
launch_token_t object. If the token provided is not valid, the function attempts
to update it to a valid one.
launch_token_updated [out]
The output is 0 or 1. 0 indicates that the launch token has not been updated.
1 indicates that the launch token has been updated.
enclave_id [out]
Pointer to an sgx_enclave_id_t that receives the enclave ID or handle. Must
not be NULL.
misc_attr [out, optional]
Pointer to an sgx_misc_attribute_t structure that receives the misc select and
attributes of the enclave. This pointer can be NULL if the information is not
needed.
ex_features [in]
Bitmask defining the extended features to activate on the enclave creation.
Bit [0] – enable the Intel® SGX PCL.
Bit [1] – enable Switchless Calls.
Bit [2] - enable Key Separation & Sharing (KSS).

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Bits [3:31] – reserved, must be 0.

ex_features_p [in]
Array of pointers to extended feature control structures. The index of the
extended feature control structure in the array is the same as the index of the
feature enable bit in ex_features.
ex_features_p[0] – pointer to an Intel® SGX PCL sealed key.
ex_features_p[1] – pointer to the sgx_uswitchless_config_t structure.
ex_features_p[2] - pointer to the sgx_kss_config_t structure.
ex_features_p[3:31] – reserved, must be NULL.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Enclave is loaded and initialized successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_ENCLAVE
Enclave file is corrupted.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
‘enclave_id’, ‘updated’, or ‘token’ parameter is NULL.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory available to complete sgx_create_enclave_ex().
SGX_ERROR_ENCLAVE_FILE_ACCESS
Enclave file cannot be opened. Possible reasons: the file is not found or you
have no privilege to access the file.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_METADATA
Metadata embedded within the enclave image is corrupted or missing.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_VERSION
Enclave metadata version (created by the signing tool) and the untrusted lib-
rary version (uRTS) do not match.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_SIGNATURE
Signature for the enclave is not valid.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC

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Protected memory has run out. Possible reasons: you are creating too many
enclaves, the enclave requires too much memory, or one of the Architecture
Enclaves for this operation cannot be loaded.
SGX_ERROR_NO_DEVICE
Intel® SGX device is not valid. Possible reasons: the Intel® SGX driver is dis-
abled or not installed.
SGX_ERROR_MEMORY_MAP_CONFLICT
During enclave creation, a race condition for mapping memory between the
loader and another thread occurred. The loader may fail to map virtual
address. Create the enclave again.
SGX_ERROR_DEVICE_BUSY
Intel®SGX driver or a low level system is busy when creating the enclave.
Create the enclave again.
SGX_ERROR_MODE_INCOMPATIBLE
Target enclave mode is incompatible with the mode of the current RTS.
Reason examples: a 64-bit application tries to load a 32-bit enclave or a sim-
ulation uRTS tries to load a hardware enclave.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
sgx_create_enclave() needs the AE service to get a launch token. If the
service is not available, the enclave may not be launched.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
Request to the AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_INVALID_PRIVILEGE
Request requires some special attributes for the enclave, but it does not priv-
iledge.
SGX_ERROR_NDEBUG_ENCLAVE
Enclave is signed as a product enclave and cannot be created as a debuggable
enclave.
SGX_ERROR_UNDEFINED_SYMBOL
Enclave contains an import table.
The signing tool should typically reports this type of error when the enclave is
built.

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SGX_ERROR_INVALID_MISC
The MiscSelct or MiscMask settings are not correct.
SGX_ERROR_HYPERV_ENABLED
Incompatible versions of Windows* 10 OS and Hyper-V* are detected. Disable
Hyper-V on the target system.
SGX_ERROR_PCL_ENCRYPTED
Enclave is encrypted but input parameters do not include the required con-
tent (e.g. sealed decryption key blob).
SGX_ERROR_PCL_NOT_ENCRYPTED
Enclave is not encrypted but input parameters include content for enclave
decryption.
SGX_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED
Desired feature is not supported.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Unexpected error is detected.
Description
The sgx_create_enclave_ex function loads and initializes the enclave as
described by sgx_create_enclave. In addition, sgx_create_enclave_
ex activates extended features, based on the input provided in ex_fea-
tures and ex_features_p parameters.
The following extended features are currently supported:
 l Intel® SGX Protected Code Loader that enables loading encrypted
enclaves.
 l Switchless Calls. For more information, see the Switchless Calls section.
 l Key Separation & Sharing (KSS). You can specify a different sgx_kss_con-
fig_t structure to load a KSS enabled enclave to have additional control
options over the key derivation process. The KSS enabled enclave
should be signed with EnableKSS set to 1 in the configuration file.

The described extended features are independent but can also work
together.
Requirements

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Header sgx_urts.h
Library sgx_urts.lib or sgx_urts_sim.lib (simulation)
 

sgx_destroy_enclave
The sgx_destroy_enclave function destroys an enclave and frees its asso-
ciated resources.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_destroy_enclave(
const sgx_enclave_id_t enclave_id
);
 
Parameters
enclave_id [in]
An enclave ID or handle that was generated by sgx_create_enclave.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The enclave was unloaded successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_ENCLAVE_ID
The enclave ID (handle) is not valid. The enclave has not been loaded or the
enclave has already been destroyed.
Description
The sgx_destroy_enclave function destroys an enclave and releases its
associated resources and invalidates the enclave ID or handle.
The function will block until no other threads are executing inside the enclave.
It is highly recommended that the sgx_destroy_enclave function be
called after the application has finished using the enclave to avoid possible
deadlocks.
The library sgx_urts.lib exposes this function to destroy a previously cre-
ated enclave in hardware mode, while sgx_urts_sim.lib provides a sim-
ulative counterpart.
See more details in Loading and Unloading an Enclave.

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Requirements
Header sgx_urts.h
Library sgx_urts.lib or sgx_urts_sim.lib (simulation)

sgx_enum_enclaves
Enumerates the process IDs that have loaded enclaves, as well as their cor-
responding enclave IDs and enclave size.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_enum_enclaves(
EnclaveEnumArrayType* pEnclaveEnum,
DWORD cb,
DWORD* pBytesNeeded;
);
 
Parameters
pEnclaveEnum [out]
Pointer to an array of structures containing process ID, enclave ID and enclave
size.
cb [in]
Size allocated for the array of structures of type EnclaveEnumArrayType.
pBytesNeeded [out]
The number of bytes required to store the complete array of structures of
type EnclaveEnumArrayType.
Return value
SGX_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED
This API has been deprecated and is not longer supported.
 
Description
The sgx_enum_enclaves function has been deprecated and is not longer
supported.
Requirements
Header sgx_urts.h
Library sgx_urts.lib

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sgx_select_att_key_id
sgx_select_att_key_id used to select the attestation key.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_select_att_key_id(
const uint8_t *p_att_key_id_list,
uint32_t att_key_idlist_size,
sgx_att_key_id_t *p_att_key_id
);
 
Parameters
p_att_key_id_list [in]
List of the supported attestation key IDs provided by the quote verifier.
att_key_id_list_size
The size of p_att_key_id_list.
p_att_key_id[out]
Pointer to the selected attestation key. Cannot be NULL.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The p_att_key_id_list is not correct, list header is incorrect, the number
of key IDs in the list exceeds the maximum or p_att_key_id pointer is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_ATT_KEY_ID
The platform quoting infrastructure does not support the key described.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An unexpected error was detected.
Description
You can select the attestation key id from the list provided by the off-platform
Quote verifier. Calling sgx_select_att_key_id is the first thing an Intel®

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Software Guard Extensions application does when getting a quote of an

enclave. Then call sgx_init_quote_exto generate or obtain the attestation
key. Calculate quote size by Calling sgx_get_quote_size_ex. At last, call
sgx_get_quote_exto generate the quote.
The function will return a sgx_att_key_id_t of attestation keys supported both
by the platform and the relying party. If the platform cannot support one in
the list, the API will return error SGX_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_ATT_KEY_ID. If
the caller doesn't supply a list (p_att_key_id_list == NULL), then the platform
software deem the relying party support all kinds of attestation keys. If there
are multiple attestation keys are supported by both the platform and the rely-
ing party, in such case, if the "default quoting type" in registry(HKEY_LOCAL_
MACHINE\SOFTWARE\\Intel\SGX_PSW\AESMQuotingType) is one of them,
then the "default quoting type" will be returned; otherwise, the platform soft-
ware will choose one of them according to its internal logic.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_uae_quote_ex.h
Library sgx_quote_ex.lib or sgx_quote_ex_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_init_quote
sgx_init_quote returns information needed by an Intel® SGX application
to get a quote of one of its enclaves.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_init_quote(
sgx_target_info_t *p_target_info,
sgx_epid_group_id_t *p_gid
);
 
Parameters
p_target_info [out]
Allows an enclave for which the quote is being created, to create report that
only QE can verify.
p_gid [out]
ID of platform’s current Intel® EPID group.

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Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All of the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the pointers are invalid.
SGX_ERROR_AE_INVALID_EPIDBLOB
The Intel® EPID blob is corrupted.
SGX_ERROR_BUSY
The requested service is temporarily not available
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to the AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_NETWORK_FAILURE
Network connecting or proxy setting issue was encountered.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC
There is not enough EPC memory to load one of the Architecture Enclaves
needed to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UPDATE_NEEDED
Intel® SGX needs to be updated.
SGX_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_PLATFORM
Intel® EPID Provisioning failed because the platform was not recognized by
the back-end server.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An unexpected error was detected.
Description

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Calling sgx_init_quote is the first thing an Intel® Software Guard Exten-

sions application does in the process of getting a quote of an enclave. The con-
tent of p_target_info changes when the QE changes. The content of p_gid
changes when the platform SVN changes.
It's suggested that the caller should wait (typically several seconds to tens of
seconds) and retry this API if SGX_ERROR_BUSY is returned.
Requirements
Header sgx_uae_epid.h
Library sgx_epid.lib or sgx_epid_sim.lib (simulation)

sgx_init_quote_ex
Returns information required by an Intel® SGX application to get a quote of
one of its enclaves.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_init_quote_ex(
const sgx_att_key_id_t *p_att_key_id,
sgx_target_info_t *p_target_info,
size_t* p_pub_key_id_size,
uint8_t* p_pub_key_id
);
 
Parameters
p_att_key_id[in]
Selected attestation key ID returned by sgx_select_att_key_id. Cannot
be NULL.
p_target_info [out]
Allows an enclave for that the quote is being created to create the report that
only QE can verify.
p_pub_key_id_size [out]
This parameter can be used in two ways. If p_pub_key_id is NULL, the API
returns the buffer size required to hold the attestation public key ID. If p_
pub_key_id is not NULL, p_pub_key_size must be large enough to hold
the return attestation public key ID. Must not be NULL.
p_pub_key_id [out]

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This parameter can be used in two ways. If it is passed in as NULL and p_pub_
key_id_size is not NULL, the API returns the buffer size required to hold
the attestation public key ID. If the parameter is not NULL, it must point to the
buffer that is at least as long as the value passed in by p_pub_key_id.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All of the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
If p_pub_key_id_size, p_att_key_id is NULL, any of the other pointers
are invalid. If p_pub_key_size is not NULL, any of the other pointers are
invalid.
SGX_ERROR_BUSY
The requested service is temporarily not available
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
Request to the AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC
Not enough EPC memory is available to load one of the Architecture Enclaves
needed to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UPDATE_NEEDED
Intel® SGX needs to be updated.
SGX_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_PLATFORM
Intel® EPID Provisioning failed because the platform was not recognized by
the back-end server.
SGX_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_ATT_KEY_ID
The platform quoting infrastructure does not support the key described.
SGX_ERROR_ATT_KEY_CERTIFICATION_FAILURE

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Failed to generate and certify the attestation key.

 
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Unexpected error was detected.
Description
The application calls this API to request the owner of the selected platform
attestation key to generate or obtain the attestation key.
If SGX_ERROR_BUSY is returned, you should wait (typically, several seconds to
tens of seconds) and retry this API.
Requirements
Header sgx_uae_quote_ex.h
Library sgx_quote_ex.lib or sgx_quote_ex_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_calc_quote_size
sgx_calc_quote_size returns the required buffer size for the quote.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_calc_quote_size(
const uint8_t *p_sig_rl,
uint32_t sig_rl_size,
uint32_t *p_quote_size
);
 
Parameters
p_sig_rl [in]
Optional revoke list of signatures, can be NULL.
sig_rl_size [in]
Size of p_sig_rl, in bytes. If p_sig_rl is NULL, then sig_rl_size will be
0.
p_quote_size [out]
Indicate the size of quote buffer.
Return value

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SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The p_quote_size pointer is invalid or the other input parameters are cor-
rupted.
Description
You cannot allocate a chunk of memory at compile time because the size of
the quote is not a fixed value. Instead, before trying to call sgx_calc_quote,
call sgx_calc_quote_size first to calculate the buffer size and then alloc-
ate enough memory for the quote.
Requirements
Header sgx_uae_epid.h
Library sgx_epid.lib or sgx_epid_sim.lib (simulation)

sgx_get_quote_size
sgx_get_quote_size is deprecated. Use the sgx_calc_quote_
size function instead.
sgx_get_quote_size returns the required buffer size for the quote.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_get_quote_size(
const uint8_t *p_sig_rl,
uint32_t *p_quote_size
);
 
Parameters
p_sig_rl [in]
Optional revoke list of signatures, can be NULL.
p_quote_size [out]
Indicate the size of quote buffer.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.

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SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The p_quote_size pointer is invalid or the other input parameters are cor-
rupted.
Description
You cannot allocate a chunk of memory at compile time because the size of
the quote is not a fixed value. Instead, before trying to call sgx_get_quote,
call sgx_get_quote_size first to get the buffer size and then allocate
enough memory for the quote.
Requirements
   
Header sgx_uae_epid.h
Library sgx_epid.lib or sgx_epid_sim.lib (simulation)

sgx_get_quote_size_ex
sgx_get_quote_size_ex returns the required buffer size for the quote.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_get_quote_size_ex(
const sgx_att_key_id_t *p_att_key_id,
uint32_t *p_quote_size
);
 
Parameters
p_att_key_id[in]
Selected attestation key ID returned by sgx_select_att_key_id. Cannot
be NULL.
p_quote_size [out]
Indicate the size of quote buffer. Cannot be NULL.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER

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The p_quote_size pointer is invalid or the other input parameters are cor-
rupted.
SGX_ERROR_ATT_KEY_UNINITIALIZED
The platform quoting infrastructure does not have the attestation key avail-
able to generate quotes. Call sgx_init_quote_ex again.
SGX_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_ATT_KEY_ID
The platform quoting infrastructure does not support the key described.
Description
You cannot allocate a chunk of memory at compile time because the size of
the quote is not a fixed value. Instead, before trying to call sgx_get_quote_
ex, call sgx_get_quote_size_ex first to get the buffer size and then alloc-
ate enough memory for the quote.
Requirements
Header sgx_uae_quote_ex.h
Library sgx_quote_ex.lib or sgx_quote_ex_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_get_quote
sgx_get_quote generates a linkable or un-linkable QUOTE.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_get_quote(
const sgx_report_t *p_report,
sgx_quote_sign_type_t quote_type,
const sgx_spid_t *p_spid,
const sgx_quote_nonce_t *p_nonce,
const uint8_t *p_sig_rl,
uint32_t sig_rl_size,
sgx_report_t *p_qe_report,
sgx_quote_t *p_quote,
uint32_t quote_size
);
 
Parameters
p_report [in]
Report of enclave for which quote is being calculated.

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quote_type [in]
SGX_UNLINKABLE_SIGNATURE for unlinkable quote or SGX_LINKABLE_
SIGNATURE for linkable quote.
p_spid [in]
ID of service provider.
p_nonce [in]
Optional nonce, if p_qe_report is not NULL, then nonce should not be NULL
as well.
p_sig_rl [in]
Optional revoke list of signatures, can be NULL.
sig_rl_size [in]
Size of p_sig_rl, in bytes. If the p_sig_rl is NULL, then sig_rl_size
shall be 0.
p_qe_report [out]
Optional output. If not NULL, report of QE target to the calling enclave will be
copied to this buffer, and in this case, nonce should not be NULL as well.
p_quote [out]
The major output of get_quote, the quote itself, linkable or unlinkable
depending on quote_type input. quote cannot be NULL.
quote_size [in]
Indicates the size of the quote buffer. To get the size, user shall call sgx_
calc_quote_size first.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the pointers are invalid.
SGX_ERROR_AE_INVALID_EPIDBLOB
The Intel® EPID blob is corrupted.
SGX_ERROR_EPID_MEMBER_REVOKED

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The Intel® EPID group membership has been revoked. The platform is not trus-
ted. Updating the platform and retrying will not remedy the revocation.
SGX_ERROR_BUSY
The requested service is temporarily not available.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_NETWORK_FAILURE
Network connecting or proxy setting issue was encountered.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC
There is not enough EPC memory to load one of the Architecture Enclaves
needed to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UPDATE_NEEDED
Intel® SGX needs to be updated.
SGX_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_PLATFORM
Intel® EPID Provisioning failed because the platform was not recognized by
the back-end server.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An unexpected error was detected.
Description
Both Intel® EPID Member and Verifier need to know the Group Public Key and
the Intel® EPID Parameters used. These values not being returned by either
sgx_init_quote() or sgx_get_quote() reflects the reliance on the
Attestation Service for Intel® Software Guard Extensions. With the Attestation
Service in place, simply sending the GID to the Attestation Service (through
the Intel® SGX application and PS) is sufficient for the Attestation Service to
know which public key and parameters to use.

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The purpose of p_qe_report is for the ISV enclave to confirm the QUOTE it
received is not modified by the untrusted SW stack, and not a replay. The
implementation in QE is to generate a REPORT targeting the ISV enclave (tar-
get info from p_report) , with the lower 32Bytes in report.data = 
SHA256(p_nonce||p_quote). The ISV enclave can verify the p_qe_
report and report.data to confirm the QUOTE has not be modified and
is not a replay. It is optional.
It's suggested that the caller should wait (typically several seconds to tens of
seconds) and retry this API if SGX_ERROR_BUSY is returned.
Requirements
Header sgx_uae_epid.h
Library sgx_epid.lib or sgx_epid_sim.lib (simulation)

sgx_get_quote_ex
sgx_get_quote_ex takes the application enclave REPORT and generates a
QUOTE.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_get_quote_ex(
const sgx_report_t *p_app_report,
const sgx_att_key_id_t *p_att_key_id,
sgx_qe_report_info_t *p_qe_report_info,
sgx_quote_t *p_quote,
uint32_t quote_size
);
 
Parameters
p_app_report [in]
Report of the enclave for that the quote is being calculated. Cannot be NULL.
p_att_key_id[in]
Selected attestation key ID returned by sgx_select_att_key_id. Cannot
be NULL.
p_qe_report_info [in, out]
Optional input and output contain the information required to generate a
REPORT that can be verified by the application enclave.
p_quote [out]

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The major output of sgx_get_quote_ex, the quote itself cannot be NULL.

quote_size [in]
Indicates the size of the quote buffer. To get the size, user shall call sgx_
get_quote_size_ex first.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the pointers are invalid.
SGX_ERROR_BUSY
The requested service is temporarily not available.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
Request to AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC
There is not enough EPC memory to load one of the Architecture Enclaves
needed to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UPDATE_NEEDED
Intel® SGX needs to be updated.
SGX_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_PLATFORM
Intel® EPID Provisioning failed because the platform was not recognized by
the back-end server.
SGX_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_ATT_KEY_ID
The platform quoting infrastructure does not support the key described.
SGX_ERROR_ATT_KEY_UNINITIALIZED

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The platform quoting infrastructure does not have the attestation key avail-
able to generate quotes. Call sgx_init_quote_ex again.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Unexpected error was detected.
Description
The function takes the application enclave REPORT that will be converted into
a quote after the QE verifies the REPORT. After the verification, the QE signs
the REPORT with the platform attestation key matching the selected attest-
ation key ID. If the key is not available, this API may return an error SGX_ATT_
KEY_NOT_INITIALIZED depending on the algorithm. In this case, call sgx_
init_quote_ex to re-generate and certify the attestation key.
The purpose of qe_report in p_qe_report_info is for the ISV enclave to
confirm the QUOTE it received is not modified by the untrusted SW stack, and
not a replay. The implementation in QE is to generate a REPORT targeting the
ISV enclave (app_enclave_target_info from p_app_report) , with the lower
32Bytes in report.data = SHA256(nonce||p_quote) (nonce from p_
app_report). The ISV enclave can verify the qe_reportand report.data
to confirm the QUOTE has not been modified and is not a replay. It is optional.
If SGX_ERROR_BUSY is returned, you should wait (typically, several seconds to
tens of seconds) and retry this API.
Requirements
Header sgx_uae_quote_ex.h
Library sgx_quote_ex.lib or sgx_quote_ex_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_ra_get_msg1
sgx_ra_get_msg1 is used to get the Intel® EPID remote attestation and key
exchange protocol message 1 to send to a service provider. The application
enclave should use sgx_ra_init  function to create the remote attestation
and key exchange process context, and return to the untrusted code, before
the untrusted code can invoke this function.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_ra_get_msg1(
sgx_ra_context_t context,
sgx_enclave_id_t eid,
sgx_ecall_get_ga_trusted_t p_get_ga,

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sgx_ra_msg1_t *p_msg1
);
 
Parameters
context [in]
Context returned by the sgx_ra_init function inside the application
enclave.
eid [in]
ID of the application enclave which is going to be attested.
p_get_ga [in]
Function pointer of the ECALL proxy sgx_ra_get_ga generated by sgx_
edger8r. The application enclave should link with sgx_tkey_exchange lib-
rary and import sgx_tkey_exchange.edl in the enclave EDL file to expose
the ECALL proxy for sgx_ra_get_ga.
p_msg1 [out]
Message 1 used by the remote attestation and key exchange protocol.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the pointers are invalid.
SGX_ERROR_AE_INVALID_EPIDBLOB
The Intel® EPID blob is corrupted.
SGX_ERROR_EPID_MEMBER_REVOKED
The Intel® EPID group membership has been revoked. The platform is not trus-
ted. Updating the platform and retrying will not remedy the revocation.
SGX_ERROR_BUSY
The requested service is temporarily not available.
SGX_ERROR_UPDATE_NEEDED
Intel® SGX needs to be updated.

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SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC
There is not enough EPC memory to load one of the Architecture Enclaves
needed to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_NETWORK_FAILURE
Network connecting or proxy setting issue was encountered.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_STATE
The API is invoked in incorrect order or state.
SGX_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_PLATFORM
Intel® EPID Provisioning failed because the platform was not recognized by
the back-end server.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An unexpected error was detected.
Description
The application also passes in a pointer to the untrusted proxy corresponding
to sgx_ra_get_ga, which is exposed by the trusted key exchange library.
This reflects the fact that the names of untrusted proxies are enclave-specific.
It's suggested that the caller should wait (typically several seconds to tens of
seconds) and retry this API if SGX_ERROR_BUSY is returned.
Requirements
Header sgx_ukey_exchange.h
Library sgx_ukey_exchange.libor sgx_ukey_exchangemt.lib

sgx_ra_get_msg1_ex
sgx_ra_get_msg1_ex is used to get the Intel® EPID or ECDSA remote
attestation and key exchange protocol message 1 to send to a service

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provider. The application enclave should use sgx_ra_init_ex function to

create the remote attestation and key exchange process context, and return
to the untrusted code, before the untrusted code can invoke this function.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_ra_get_msg1_ex(
const sgx_att_key_id_t *p_att_key_id,
sgx_ra_context_t context,
sgx_enclave_id_t eid,
sgx_ecall_get_ga_trusted_t p_get_ga,
sgx_ra_msg1_t *p_msg1
);
 
Parameters
p_att_key_id [in]
Selected attestation key ID returned by sgx_select_att_key_id.
context [in]
Context returned by the sgx_ra_init_ex function inside the application
enclave.
eid [in]
ID of the application enclave which is going to be attested.
p_get_ga [in]
Function pointer of the ECALL proxy sgx_ra_get_ga generated by sgx_
edger8r. The application enclave should link with sgx_tkey_exchange lib-
rary and import sgx_tkey_exchange.edl in the enclave EDL file to expose
the ECALL proxy for sgx_ra_get_ga.
p_msg1 [out]
Message 1 used by the remote attestation and key exchange protocol.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the pointers are invalid.
SGX_ERROR_AE_INVALID_EPIDBLOB

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The Intel® EPID blob is corrupted.

SGX_ERROR_EPID_MEMBER_REVOKED
The Intel® EPID group membership has been revoked. The platform is not trus-
ted. Updating the platform and retrying will not remedy the revocation.
SGX_ERROR_BUSY
The requested service is temporarily not available.
SGX_ERROR_UPDATE_NEEDED
Intel® SGX needs to be updated.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC
There is not enough EPC memory to load one of the Architecture Enclaves
needed to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
Request to AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_STATE
The API is invoked in an incorrect order or state.
SGX_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_PLATFORM
Intel® EPID Provisioning failed because the platform was not recognized by
the back-end server.
SGX_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_ATT_KEY_ID
The platform quoting infrastructure does not support the key described.
SGX_ERROR_ATT_KEY_CERTIFICATION_FAILURE
Failed to generate and certify the attestation key.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Unexpected error was detected.
Description

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The application also passes in a pointer to the untrusted proxy corresponding

to sgx_ra_get_ga, which is exposed by the trusted key exchange library.
This reflects the fact that the names of untrusted proxies are enclave-specific.
If SGX_ERROR_BUSY is returned, you should wait (typically, several seconds to
tens of seconds) and retry this API.
Requirements
Header sgx_ukey_exchange.h
Library sgx_ukey_exchange.libor sgx_ukey_exchangemt.lib

sgx_ra_proc_msg2
sgx_ra_proc_msg2 is used to process the remote attestation and key
exchange protocol message 2 from the service provider and generate mes-
sage 3 to send to the service provider. If the service provider accepts mes-
sage 3, negotiated session keys between the application enclave and the
service provider are ready for use. The application enclave can use sgx_ra_
get_keys function to retrieve the negotiated keys and can use sgx_ra_
close function to release the context of the remote attestation and key
exchange process. If processing message 2 results in an error, the application
should notify the service provider of the error or the service provider needs a
time-out mechanism to terminate the remote attestation transaction when it
does not receive message 3.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_ra_proc_msg2(
sgx_ra_context_t context,
sgx_enclave_id_t eid,
sgx_ecall_proc_msg2_trusted_t p_proc_msg2,
sgx_ecall_get_msg3_trusted_t p_get_msg3,
const sgx_ra_msg2_t *p_msg2,
uint32_t msg2_size,
sgx_ra_msg3_t **pp_msg3,
uint32_t *p_msg3_size
);
Parameters
context [in]
Context returned by sgx_ra_init.
eid [in]
ID of the application enclave which is going to be attested.

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p_proc_msg2 [in]
Function pointer of the ECALL proxy sgx_ra_proc_msg2_trusted_t gen-
erated by sgx_edger8r. The application enclave should link with sgx_
tkey_exchange library and import the sgx_tkey_exchange.edl in the
EDL file of the application enclave to expose the ECALL proxy for sgx_ra_
proc_msg2.
p_get_msg3 [in]
Function pointer of the ECALL proxy sgx_ra_get_msg3_trusted_t gen-
erated by sgx_edger8r. The application enclave should link with sgx_
tkey_exchange library and import the sgx_tkey_exchange.edl in the
EDL file of the application enclave to expose the ECALL proxy for sgx_ra_
get_msg3.
p_msg2 [in]
sgx_ra_msg2_t message 2 from the service provider received by applic-
ation.
msg2_size [in]
The length of p_msg2 (in bytes).
pp_msg3 [out]
sgx_ra_msg3_t message 3 to be sent to the service provider. The message
buffer is allocated by the sgx_ukey_exchange library. The caller should
free the buffer after use.
p_msg3_size [out]
The length of pp_msg3 (in bytes).
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the pointers are invalid.
SGX_ERROR_AE_INVALID_EPIDBLOB
The Intel® EPID blob is corrupted.
SGX_ERROR_EPID_MEMBER_REVOKED

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The Intel® EPID group membership has been revoked. The platform is not trus-
ted. Updating the platform and retrying will not remedy the revocation.
SGX_ERROR_BUSY
The requested service is temporarily not available.
SGX_ERROR_UPDATE_NEEDED
Intel® SGX needs to be updated.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC
There is not enough EPC memory to load one of the Architecture Enclaves
needed to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_NETWORK_FAILURE
Network connecting or proxy setting issue was encountered.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_STATE
The API is invoked in incorrect order or state.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_SIGNATURE
The signature is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_MAC_MISMATCH
Indicates verification error for reports, sealed data, etc.
SGX_ERROR_KDF_MISMATCH
Indicates key derivation function does not match.
SGX_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_PLATFORM
Intel® EPID Provisioning failed because the platform was not recognized by
the back-end server.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED

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An unexpected error was detected.

Description
The sgx_ra_proc_msg2 processes the incoming message 2 and returns
message 3. Message 3 is allocated by the library, so the caller should free it
after use.
It's suggested that the caller should wait (typically several seconds to tens of
seconds) and retry this API if SGX_ERROR_BUSY is returned.
Requirements
Header sgx_ukey_exchange.h
Library sgx_ukey_exchange.liborsgx_ukey_exchangemt.lib

sgx_ra_proc_msg2_ex
sgx_ra_proc_msg2_ex is used to process the remote attestation and key
exchange protocol message 2 from the service provider and generate mes-
sage 3 to send to the service provider. If the service provider accepts mes-
sage 3, negotiated session keys between the application enclave and the
service provider are ready for use. The application enclave can use sgx_ra_
get_keys function to retrieve the negotiated keys and can use sgx_ra_
close function to release the context of the remote attestation and key
exchange process. If processing message 2 results in an error, the application
should notify the service provider of the error or the service provider needs a
time-out mechanism to terminate the remote attestation transaction when it
does not receive message 3.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_ra_proc_msg2_ex(
const sgx_att_key_id_t *p_att_key_id,
sgx_ra_context_t context,
sgx_enclave_id_t eid,
sgx_ecall_proc_msg2_trusted_t p_proc_msg2,
sgx_ecall_get_msg3_trusted_t p_get_msg3,
const sgx_ra_msg2_t *p_msg2,
uint32_t msg2_size,
sgx_ra_msg3_t **pp_msg3,
uint32_t *p_msg3_size
);
Parameters
p_att_key_id[in]
Selected attestation key ID returned from sgx_select_att_key_id.

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context [in]
Context returned by sgx_ra_init.
eid [in]
ID of the application enclave that is going to be attested.
p_proc_msg2 [in]
Function pointer of the ECALL proxy sgx_ra_proc_msg2_trusted_t gen-
erated by sgx_edger8r. The application enclave should link with sgx_
tkey_exchange library and import the sgx_tkey_exchange.edl in the
EDL file of the application enclave to expose the ECALL proxy for sgx_ra_
proc_msg2.
p_get_msg3 [in]
Function pointer of the ECALL proxy sgx_ra_get_msg3_trusted_t gen-
erated by sgx_edger8r. The application enclave should link with sgx_
tkey_exchange library and import the sgx_tkey_exchange.edl in the
EDL file of the application enclave to expose the ECALL proxy for sgx_ra_
get_msg3.
p_msg2 [in]
sgx_ra_msg2_t message 2 from the service provider received by applic-
ation.
msg2_size [in]
The length of p_msg2 (in bytes).
pp_msg3 [out]
sgx_ra_msg3_t message 3 to be sent to the service provider. The message
buffer is allocated by the sgx_ukey_exchange library. The caller should
free the buffer after use.
p_msg3_size [out]
The length of pp_msg3 (in bytes).
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the pointers are invalid.

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SGX_ERROR_AE_INVALID_EPIDBLOB
The Intel® EPID blob is corrupted.
SGX_ERROR_EPID_MEMBER_REVOKED
The Intel® EPID group membership has been revoked. The platform is not trus-
ted. Updating the platform and retrying will not remedy the revocation.
SGX_ERROR_BUSY
The requested service is temporarily not available.
SGX_ERROR_UPDATE_NEEDED
Intel® SGX needs to be updated.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC
There is not enough EPC memory to load one of the Architecture Enclaves
needed to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
Request to AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_STATE
The API is invoked in an incorrect order or state. Before calling this API, user
should call sgx_ra_get_msg1_ex first.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_SIGNATURE
The signature is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_MAC_MISMATCH
Indicates verification error for reports, sealed data, etc.
SGX_ERROR_KDF_MISMATCH
Indicates key derivation function does not match.
SGX_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_PLATFORM

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Intel® EPID Provisioning failed because the platform was not recognized by
the back-end server.
SGX_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_ATT_KEY_ID
The platform quoting infrastructure does not support the key described.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_ATT_KEY_CERT_DATA
The data returned by the platform library's sgx_get_quote_config is
invalid.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Unexpected error was detected.
Description
The sgx_ra_proc_msg2_ex processes the incoming message 2 and returns
message 3. Message 3 is allocated by the library, so the caller should free it
after use.
If SGX_ERROR_BUSY is returned, you should wait (typically, several seconds to
tens of seconds) and retry this API.
Requirements
Header sgx_ukey_exchange.h
Library sgx_ukey_exchange.liborsgx_ukey_exchangemt.lib

sgx_report_attestation_status
sgx_report_attestation_status reports information from the Intel
Attestation Server during a remote attestation to help to decide whether a
TCB update is required. It is recommended to always call sgx_report_
attestation_status after a remote attestation transaction when it results
in a Platform Info Blob (PIB).
The attestation_status indicates whether the ISV server decided to
trust the enclave or not.
 l The value pass:0 indicates that the ISV server trusts the enclave. If the
ISV server trusts the enclave and platform services, sgx_report_
attestation_status will not take actions to correct the TCB that will
cause negative user experience such as long latencies or requesting a
TCB update.

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 l The value fail:!=0 indicates that the ISV server does not trust the
enclave. If the ISV server does not trust the enclave or platform services,
sgx_report_attestation_statuswill take all actions to correct
the TCB which may incur long latencies and/or request the application to
update one of the Intel SGX’s TCB components. It is the ISV’s respons-
ibility to provide the TCB component updates to the client platform.

Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_report_attestation_status (
const sgx_platform_info_t* p_platform_info
int attestation_status,
sgx_update_info_bit_t* p_update_info
);
 
Parameters
p_platform_info [in]
Pointer to opaque structure received from Intel Attestation Server.
attestation_status [in]
The value indicates whether remote attestation succeeds or fails. If attestation
succeeds, the value is 0. If it fails, the value will be others.
p_update_info [out]
Pointer to the buffer that receives the update information only when the
return value of sgx_report_attestation_status  is SGX_ERROR_
UPDATE_NEEDED.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the pointers are invalid.
SGX_ERROR_AE_INVALID_EPIDBLOB
The Intel® EPID blob is corrupted.
SGX_ERROR_UPDATE_NEEDED
Intel® SGX needs to be updated.

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SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_BUSY
This service is temporarily unavailable.
SGX_ERROR_NETWORK_FAILURE
Network connecting or proxy setting issue was encountered.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC
There is not enough EPC memory to load one of the Architecture Enclaves
needed to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_PLATFORM
Intel® EPID Provisioning failed because the platform was not recognized by
the back-end server.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An unexpected error was detected.
Description
The application calls sgx_report_attestation_status after remote
attestation to help to recover the TCB.
Requirements
Header sgx_uae_service.h
Library sgx_uae_service.lib or sgx_uae_service_sim.lib
(simulation)

sgx_check_update_status
sgx_check_update_status reports information from the Intel Attestation
Server during a remote attestation to help to learn whether a TCB update is
available, and whether Intel® EPID provisioning or PSE provisioning/long-term
pairing is or was needed or pending. It is recommended to always call sgx_

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check_update_status after a remote attestation transaction when it res-

ults in a Platform Info Blob (PIB).
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_check_update_status (
const sgx_platform_info_t* p_platform_info,
sgx_update_info_bit_t* p_update_info,
uint32_t config,
uint32_t* p_status
);
 
Parameters
p_platform_info [in]
Pointer to opaque structure received from Intel Attestation Server. Can be
NULL when TCB is up to date. If it is, then p_update_info also needs to be
NULL.
p_update_info [out]
Pointer to the buffer that receives the update information only when the
return value of sgx_check_update_status is SGX_ERROR_UPDATE_
NEEDED. Can be NULL.
config [in]
The value indicates whether caller wants to address pending Intel® EPID or
PSE provisioning using the combination of the following bits.
Value Description
bit 0: reserved and must be zero.
bit 1: set if caller wants to trigger Intel® EPID provisioning if it is
needed/pending.
bit 2: set if caller wants to trigger PSE provisioning/long-term pairing if it
is needed/pending.
bit 31..3: reserved and must be zero.
if bit[2:1] == 0: never trigger either Intel® EPID or PSE provisioning/long-term pair-
ing.

p_status [out]
The value will be filled as follows:
Value Description

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bit 0: set if any update is available. Caller can inspect p_update_info to

learn details.
bit 1: set if Intel® EPID provisioning is or was needed/pending. Set or
cleared independent of config input.
bit 2: set if PSE provisioning/long-term pairing is or was needed/pending.
Set or cleared independent of config input.
bit 31..3: reserved and must be zero.

Can be NULL. If all user wants is to know about updates, the API will return
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE and fill in p_update_info even if p_
status is NULL.
 
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the pointers are invalid.
For example: p_platform_info NULL and p_update_info non-NULL
(can't determine update status w/o PIB). Or p_platform_info NULL and
config == 0 (nothing to do).
SGX_ERROR_UNSUPPORTED_CONFIG
Any unsupported bits in config input are set.
SGX_ERROR_AE_INVALID_EPIDBLOB
The Intel® EPID blob is corrupted.
SGX_ERROR_UPDATE_NEEDED
Intel® SGX needs to be updated.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to AE service timed out.

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SGX_ERROR_BUSY
This service is temporarily unavailable.
SGX_ERROR_NETWORK_FAILURE
Network connecting or proxy setting issue was encountered.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC
There is not enough EPC memory to load one of the Architecture Enclaves
needed to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_PLATFORM
Intel® EPID Provisioning failed because the platform was not recognized by
the back-end server.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An unexpected error was detected.
 
Description
The application calls sgx_check_update_status after remote attestation
to help to recover the TCB and learn whether Intel® EPID provisioning or PSE
provisioning/long-term pairing is or was needed/pending.
Requirements
Header sgx_uae_service.h
Library sgx_uae_service.lib or sgx_uae_service_sim.lib
(simulation)

sgx_get_extended_epid_group_id
The function sgx_get_extended_epid_group_id reports which exten-
ded Intel® EPID Group the client uses by default. The key used to sign a Quote
will be a member of the extended Intel® EPID Group reported in this API.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_get_extended_epid_group_id(
uint32_t *p_extended_epid_group_id
);
 
Parameters

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p_extended_epid_group_id [out]
The extended Intel® EPID Group ID.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The p_extended_epid_group_id pointer is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An unexpected error was detected.
Description
The application uses this value to tell the ISV Service Provider which exten-
ded Intel® EPID Group to use during remote attestation.
Requirements
Header sgx_uae_service.h
Library sgx_uae_service.lib or sgx_uae_service_sim.lib
(simulation)

sgx_get_ps_cap
sgx_get_ps_cap returns the platform service capability of the platform.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_get_ps_cap(
sgx_ps_cap_t* p_sgx_ps_cap
);
 

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Parameters
p_sgx_ps_cap [out]
A pointer to sgx_ps_cap_t structure indicates the platform service capability
of the platform.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The ps_cap pointer is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to the AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_NETWORK_FAILURE
Network connecting or proxy setting issue was encountered.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An unexpected error is detected.
Description
Before using Platform Services provided by the trusted Architecture Enclave
support library, you need to call sgx_get_ps_cap first to get the capability
of the platform.
Requirements
Header sgx_uae_service.h
Library sgx_uae_service.lib or sgx_uae_service_sim.lib
(simulation)

sgx_register_wl_cert_chain
sgx_register_wl_cert_chain helps you to provide an Enclave Signing
Key White List Certificate Chain. An Enclave Signing Key White List Certificate
Chain contains the signing key(s) of the Intel® SGX application enclave(s). If the
system has not acquired an up-to-date Enclave Signing Key White List

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Certificate Chain, you can provide the chain to the system by setting sgx_
register_wl_cert_chain.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_register_wl_cert_chain(
const TCHAR *CertChainPath
);
 
Parameters
CertChainPath [in]
The full path of Enclave White List Cert Chain file.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The White Listis invalid.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
The request to the AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An unexpected error is detected.
Description
If you have an update-to-date Enclave Signing Key White List Certificate Chain,
you need to call sgx_register_wl_cert_chainonce first to launch
enclaves.
Requirements
Header sgx_uae_launch.h
Library sgx_launch.dll

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sgx_enable_device
sgx_enable_device helps ISV applications to enable the Intel® SGX device
and return appropriate status. If a reboot is required, ISV applications can
decide whether to notify users of the restart requirement or not.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_enable_device(
sgx_device_status_t *sgx_device_status
);
 
Parameters
sgx_device_status [out]
The status of Intel SGX device.
SGX_ENABLED
The platform is enabled for Intel SGX.
SGX_DISABLED_REBOOT_REQUIRED
This platform is disabled for Intel SGX. It is configured to be enabled after the
next reboot. The Intel SGX device is currently disabled and a reboot is
required to enable it.
SGX_DISABLED_MANUAL_ENABLE
The platform is disabled for Intel SGX but can be enabled manually through
the BIOS menu. The Software Control Interface is not available to enable Intel
SGX on this platform.
SGX_DISABLED_LEGACY_OS
The operating system does not support UEFI enabling of the Intel SGX device.
If UEFI is supported by the operating system in general, but support for
enabling the Intel SGX device does not exist, this function will return the more
general SGX_DISABLED.
SGX_DISABLED
This platform is disabled for Intel SGX. More details about the ability to enable
Intel® SGX are unavailable. There may be cases where Intel SGX can be manu-
ally enabled in the BIOS.
Return value

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SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The sgx_device_status pointer is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond.
SGX_ERROR_HYPERV_ENABLED
The detected version of Windows* 10 is incompatible with Hyper-V*. In this
case, you need to disable Hyper-V* on the target machine.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An unexpected error is detected.
Description
ISV applications can call sgx_enable_device to enable Intel SGX device
dynamically.
A platform update may have occurred disabling Intel® SGX, and execution of
this API will re-enable Intel® SGX but only after a reboot. If Intel® SGX is not cur-
rently enabled on the platform, the ISV application determines the next
course of action:
 a. Continue to run in non-SGX mode
 b. Shut down the application and inform the user that a reboot
is required before this application can run.

NOTE: In the case SGX_DISABLED is returned, manual BIOS configuration by

the user may be required. The ISV needs to determine the recommended
course of action to the user.
Requirements
Header sgx_uae_service.h
Library sgx_uae_service.dll

NOTE:
It's recommended to use sgx_cap_enable_device for an application
installer and sgx_enable_device for an Intel SGX application.

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sgx_is_capable
sgx_is_capable helps ISV applications to check if the client platform is
enabled for the Intel® Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX). You must run
the client application with the administrator privileges to get the status suc-
cessfully.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_is_capable(
int *sgx_capable
);
 
Parameters
sgx_capable [out]
Capable status of the Intel SGX device.
1
Platform is enabled for the Intel SGX or the Software Control Interface is avail-
able to configure the Intel SGX device.
0
Intel SGX device is not available or may require manual configuration.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
sgx_capable pointer is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_NO_PRIVILEGE
Application does not have the required privilege to read EFI variables. Run the
application with administrator privileges to query the Intel SGX device status.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Unexpected error is detected.
Description

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ISV applications can call sgx_is_capable to detect if the Intel® SGX device
is available. This API is intended to detect cases where software can configure
the Intel SGX device. If 0 is returned, sgx_cap_get_statuscan be used to
detect manual configuration changes that can be made to enable the Intel
SGX device.
Requirements
Header sgx_capable.h
Library sgx_capable.dll

NOTE:
Administrative privileges are required to use this API.

sgx_cap_enable_device
sgx_cap_enable_device helps ISV applications to enable the Intel® Soft-
ware Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX) device and return the appropriate status.
If a reboot is required, an ISV application can decide whether to notify users of
the restart requirement or not.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_cap_enable_device(
sgx_device_status_t *sgx_device_status
);
 
Parameters
sgx_device_status [out]
Intel® SGX status of the Intel® SGX device.
SGX_ENABLED
Platform is enabled for the Intel® SGX.
SGX_DISABLED_REBOOT_REQUIRED
Platform is disabled for the Intel® SGX. Reboot required to enable the plat-
form.
SGX_DISABLED_MANUAL_ENABLE

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Platform is disabled for the Intel® SGX but can be enabled manually through
the BIOS menu. The Software Control Interface is not available to enable the
Intel® SGX on this platform.
SGX_DISABLED_HYPERV_ENABLED
Detected version of Windows* OS10 is incompatible with the Hyper-V*. The
Intel® SGX cannot be enabled on the target system unless the Hyper-V* is dis-
abled.
SGX_DISABLED_LEGACY_OS
Operating system does not support UEFI enabling of the the Intel® SGX
device. If the operating system supports UEFI in general, but support for
enabling the Intel® SGX device does not exist, this function returns SGX_
DISABLED.
SGX_DISABLED_UNSUPPORTED_CPU
Processor does not support the Intel SGX.
SGX_DISABLED
Platform is disabled for the Intel® SGX. More details about enabling the Intel®
SGX are unavailable. The Intel® SGX can be manually enabled in the BIOS.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The sgx_device_status pointer is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_NO_PRIVILEGE
Application does not have the required privileges to read an UEFI variable.
Run the application with the administrator privileges to enable the Intel®
SGX device status.
SGX_ERROR_HYPERV_ENABLED
Detected version of Windows* OS 10 is incompatible with the Hyper-V*. Dis-
able the Hyper-V* on the target system.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Unexpected error is detected.
Description

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ISV application can call sgx_cap_enable_device to enable the Intel SGX

device dynamically.
Requirements
Header sgx_capable.h
Library sgx_capable.dll

NOTE:
Administrative privileges are required to use this API.
APIs that begin with sgx_cap are utility functions that operate independently
of the Intel® SGX PSW. They do not require the PSW to be installed on the sys-
tem. When the PSW is installed, they have the same behavior.
This API should be used inside APP installer to enable Intel® SGX device dur-
ing installation.

sgx_cap_get_status
sgx_cap_get_status helps ISV applications check the status of the Intel®
Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX) on the client platform. You must run
the client application with the administrator privileges to get the status suc-
cessfully.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_cap_get_status(
sgx_device_status_t *sgx_device_status
);
 
Parameters
sgx_device_status [out]
Intel® SGX status of the Intel® SGX device.
SGX_ENABLED
Platform is enabled for the Intel® SGX.
SGX_DISABLED_REBOOT_REQUIRED
Platform is disabled for the Intel® SGX. Reboot required for enabling the plat-
form.
SGX_DISABLED_SCI_AVAILABLE

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Platform is disabled for the Intel® SGX but can be enabled using the Software
Control Interface.
SGX_DISABLED_MANUAL_ENABLE
Platform is disabled for the Intel® SGX but can be enabled manually through
the BIOS menu. The Software Control Interface is not available to enable the
Intel® SGX on this platform.
SGX_DISABLED_HYPERV_ENABLED
Detected version of Windows* 10 is incompatible with Hyper-V*. The Intel®
SGX cannot be enabled on the target machine, unless Hyper-V* is disabled.
SGX_DISABLED_LEGACY_OS
Operating system does not support UEFI enabling of the Intel SGX device. If
the operating system supports the UEFI in general but cannot enable the
Intel® SGX device, the function returns SGX_DISABLED.
SGX_DISABLED_UNSUPPORTED_CPU
Processor does not support the Intel® SGX. 
SGX_DISABLED
Platform is disabled for the Intel® SGX. You can try to enable the Intel® SGX
manually through the BIOS menu.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The sgx_device_status pointer is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_NO_PRIVILEGE
Application does not have the required privileges to read EFI variables. Run
the application with the administrator privileges to query the Intel®
SGX device status.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Unexpected error is detected.
Description

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ISV applications can call sgx_cap_get_status to detect if the Intel® SGX is

enabled or can be enabled on the device, using the software interface or by
taking manual configuration steps.
Requirements
Header sgx_capable.h
Library sgx_capable.dll

NOTE:
Administrator privileges are required to use this API.
APIs that begin with sgx_cap are the utility functions that operate inde-
pendently of the Intel® SGX Platform Software (Intel® SGX PSW). They do not
require the Intel® SGX PSW to be installed on the system. When the Intel®
SGX PSW is installed, the functions behavior remains unchanged.
This API should be used inside APP installer to query Intel® SGX device status
during installation.

sgx_cap_get_psw_version_string
sgx_cap_get_psw_version_string helps ISV applications determine
the version of the Intel® SGX Platform Software (PSW) installed on the device.
A buffer is specified along with the buffer length (in characters). If the buffer is
not large enough to hold the PSW version string or is NULL, the buffer length
needed to store the version string is returned in the size parameter.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_cap_get_psw_version_stringw(
LPWSTR *version_string,
DWORD *version_string_len
);
or
sgx_status_t sgx_cap_get_psw_version_stringa(
LPSTR *version_string,
DWORD *version_string_len
);
Parameters
version_string [out]
Version of the PSW installed on the system, in the string format.

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version_string_size [in out]

When version_string is not NULL, version_string_length is inter-
preted as the length of version_string. If version_string_len is too
small to hold the string, or if a NULL pointer is passed in for version_
string, version_string_len returns the length required.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully. A NULL terminated version string is
returned in the version_string parameter.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The version_string_len pointer is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
There is no sufficient space in the version_string parameter. The size of
the buffer needed is returned in the version_string_len parameter.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The Intel SGX PSW is not installed. As a result, the version string is not avail-
able.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An unexpected error is detected.
Description
ISV applications can call sgx_cap_get_psw_version_string to determ-
ine the version of the Intel SGX Platform Sofware installed on the device.
Requirements
Header sgx_capable.h
Library sgx_capable.dll

NOTE:
APIs that begin with sgx_cap are utility functions that operate independently
of the Intel SGX PSW. They do not require the PSW to be installed on the sys-
tem. When the PSW is installed, they have the same behavior.

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sgx_get_whitelist_size
sgx_get_whitelist_size returns the required buffer size for the white-
list.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_get_whitelist_size(
uint32_t *p_whitelist_size
);
 
Parameters
p_whitelist_size [out]
Indicate the size of white-list buffer.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The p_whitelist_size pointer is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_BUSY
The requested service is temporarily not available.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
The white-list is invalid.
Description
You cannot allocate a chunk of memory at compile time because the size of
the quote is not a fixed value. Instead, before trying to call sgx_get_whitel-

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ist, call sgx_get_whitelist_size first to get the buffer size and then
allocate enough memory for the quote.
Requirements
Header sgx_uae_launch.h
Library sgx_launch.lib or sgx_launch_sim.lib (simulation)

sgx_get_whitelist
sgx_get_whitelist returns the white-list used by aesm_service.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_get_whitelist(
uint8_t *p_whitelist,
uint32_t whitelist_size
);
 
Parameters
p_whitelist [out]
The white-list.
whitelist_size [in]
Indicate the size of white-list buffer. To get the size, call sgx_get_whitel-
ist_size first.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The p_whitelist pointer is invalid or p_whitelist_size is not correct.
SGX_ERROR_BUSY
The requested service is temporarily not available.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond.

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SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
The white-list is invalid.
Description
You can get current white-list used by aesm_service.
Requirements
Header sgx_uae_launch.h
Library sgx_launch.lib or sgx_launch_sim.lib (simulation)

sgx_is_within_enclave
The sgx_is_within_enclave function checks that the buffer located at
the pointer addr with its length of size is an address that is strictly within
the calling enclave address space.
Syntax
int sgx_is_within_enclave (
const void *addr,
size_t size
);
 
Parameters
addr [in]
The start address of the buffer.
size [in]
The size of the buffer.
Return value
1
The buffer is strictly within the enclave address space.
0
The whole buffer or part of the buffer is not within the enclave, or the buffer is
wrapped around.

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Description
sgx_is_within_enclave simply compares the start and end address of
the buffer with the calling enclave address space. It does not check the prop-
erty of the address. Given a function pointer, you sometimes need to confirm
whether such a function is within the enclave. In this case, it is recommended
to use sgx_is_within_enclave with a size of 1. sgx_is_within_
enclave returns 0 if the buffer is outside the enclave or overlaps with the
enclave boundary. Thus !sgx_is_within_enclave() ≠ sgx_is_out-
side_enclave().
Requirements
Header sgx_trts.h
Library sgx_trts.lib or sgx_trts_sim.lib (simulation)

sgx_is_outside_enclave
The sgx_is_outside_enclave function checks that the buffer located at
the pointer addr with its length of size is an address that is strictly outside
the calling enclave address space.
Syntax
int sgx_is_outside_enclave (
const void *addr,
size_t size
);
 
Parameters
addr [in]
The start address of the buffer.
size [in]
The size of the buffer.
Return value
1
The buffer is strictly outside the enclave address space.
0

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The whole buffer or part of the buffer is not outside the enclave, or the buffer
is wrapped around.
Description
sgx_is_outside_enclave simply compares the start and end address of
the buffer with the calling enclave address space. It does not check the prop-
erty of the address. sgx_is_outside_enclave returns 0 if the buffer is
inside the enclave or overlaps with the enclave boundary. Thus !sgx_is_
outside_enclave() ≠ sgx_is_within_enclave().
Requirements
Header sgx_trts.h
Library sgx_trts.lib or sgx_trts_sim.lib (simulation)

sgx_read_rand
The sgx_read_rand function is used to generate a random number inside
the enclave.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_read_rand(
unsigned char *rand,
size_t length_in_bytes
);
 
Parameters
rand [out]
A pointer to the buffer that receives the random number. The pointer cannot
be NULL. The rand buffer can be either within or outside the enclave, but it is
not allowed to be across the enclave boundary or wrapped around.
length_in_bytes [in]
The length of the buffer (in bytes).
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Indicates success.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Invalid input parameters detected.

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SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates an unexpected error occurs during the valid random number gen-
eration process.
Description
The sgx_read_rand function is provided to replace the C standard pseudo-
random sequence generation functions inside the enclave, since these stand-
ard functions are not supported in the enclave, such as rand, srand, etc. For
HW mode, the function generates a real-random sequence; while for sim-
ulation mode, the function generates a pseudo-random sequence.
Requirements
Header sgx_trts.h
Library sgx_trts.lib or sgx_trts_sim.lib (simulation)

sgx_register_exception_handler
sgx_register_exception_handler allows developers to register an
exception handler, and specify whether to prepend (when is_first_hand-
ler is equal to 1) or append the handler to the handler chain.
Syntax
void* sgx_register_exception_handler(
int is_first_handler,
sgx_exception_handler_t exception_handler
);
 
Parameters
is_first_handler [in]
Specify the order in which the handler should be called. If the parameter is
nonzero, the handler is the first handler to be called. If the parameter is zero,
the handler is the last handler to be called.
exception_handler [in]
The exception handler to be called
Return value
Non-zero

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Indicates the exception handler is registered successfully. The return value is

an open handle to the custom exception handler.
NULL
The exception handler was not registered.
Description
The Intel® SGX SDK supports the registration of custom exception handler
functions. You can write your own code to handle a limited set of hardware
exceptions. For example, a CPUID instruction inside an enclave will effectively
result in a #UD fault (Invalid Opcode Exception). ISV enclave code can have an
exception handler to prevent the enclave from being trapped into an excep-
tion condition. See Custom Exception Handling for more details.
Calling sgx_register_exception_handler allows you to register an
exception handler, and specify whether to prepend (when is_first_hand-
ler is nonzero) or append the handler to the handler chain.
After calling sgx_register_exception_handler to prepend an excep-
tion handler, a subsequent call to this function may add another exception
handler at the beginning of the handler chain. Therefore the order in which
exception handlers are called does not only depend on the value of the is_
first_handler parameter, but more importantly depends on the order in
which exception handlers are registered.

NOTE:
Custom exception handling is only supported in hardware mode. Although the
exception handlers can be registered in simulation mode, the exceptions can-
not be caught and handled within the enclave.
Requirements
Header sgx_trts_exception.h
Library sgx_trts.lib or sgx_trts_sim.lib (simulation)

sgx_unregister_exception_handler
sgx_unregister_exception_handler is used to unregister a custom
exception handler.
Syntax
int sgx_unregister_exception_handler(
void* handler
);

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Parameters
handler [in]
A handle to the custom exception handler previously registered using the
sgx_register_exception_handler function.
Return value
Non-zero
The custom exception handler is unregistered successfully.
0
The exception handler was not unregistered (not a valid pointer, handler not
found).
Description
The Intel® SGX SDK supports the registration of custom exception handler
functions. An enclave developer can write their own code to handle a limited
set of hardware exceptions. See Custom Exception Handling for more details.
Calling sgx_unregister_exception_handler allows developers to unre-
gister an exception handler that was registered earlier.
Requirements
Header sgx_trts_exception.h
Library sgx_trts.lib or sgx_trts_sim.lib (simulation)

IsDebuggerPresent
Determines whether the calling process is being debugged by Intel® SGX
debugger.
Syntax
bool IsDebuggerPresent(
void
);
 
Parameters
None.
Return value

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True
If the current process is running in the context of Intel® SGX debugger.
False
If the current process is not running in the context of Intel® SGX debugger.
Requirements
Header sgx_debug.h
Library sgx_trts.lib or sgx_trts_sim.lib (simulation)

OutputDebugString
Sends a string to the Intel® SGX debugger for display.
Syntax
void OutputDebugStringA(W)(
char*(wchar_t*) output_string
);
 
Parameters
lpOutputString [in, optional]
The null-terminated string to be displayed.
Return value
This function does not return a value.
Requirements
Header sgx_debug.h
Library sgx_trts.lib or sgx_trts_sim.lib (simulation), sgx_
tstdcxx.lib

DebugBreak
Causes a breakpoint exception to occur in the current process. This allows the
calling thread to signal Intel® SGX debugger to handle the exception.

NOTE:

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If an enclave calls this function after the Intel® SGX debugger detaches from
the enclave, the application will crash.
Syntax
void DebugBreak(
void
);
 
Parameters
None
Return value
This function does not return a value.
Requirements
Header sgx_debug.h
Library sgx_trts.lib or sgx_trts_sim.lib (simulation)

sgx_spin_lock
The sgx_spin_lock function acquires a spin lock within the enclave.
Syntax
uint32_t sgx_spin_lock(
sgx_spinlock_t * lock
);
 
Parameters
lock [in]
The trusted spin lock object to be acquired.
Return value
0
This function always returns zero after the lock is acquired.
Description

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sgx_spin_lock modifies the value of the spin lock by using compiler atomic
operations. If the lock is not available to be acquired, the thread will always
wait on the lock until it can be acquired successfully.
Requirements
Header sgx_spinlock.h
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_spin_unlock
The sgx_spin_unlock function releases a spin lock within the enclave.
Syntax
uint32_t sgx_spin_unlock(
sgx_spinlock_t * lock
);
 
Parameters
lock [in]
The trusted spin lock object to be released.
Return value
0
This function always returns zero after the lock is released.
Description
sgx_spin_unlock resets the value of the spin lock, regardless of its current
state. This function simply assigns a value of zero to the lock, which indicates
the lock is released.
Requirements
Header sgx_spinlock.h
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_thread_mutex_init
The sgx_thread_mutex_init function initializes a trusted mutex object
within the enclave.
Syntax

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int sgx_thread_mutex_init(
sgx_thread_mutex_t * mutex,
const sgx_thread_mutexattr_t * unused
);
 
Parameters
mutex [in]
The trusted mutex object to be initialized.
unused [in]
Unused parameter reserved for future user defined mutex attributes. [NOT
USED]
Return value
0
The mutex is initialized successfully.
EINVAL
The trusted mutex object is invalid. It is either NULL or located outside of
enclave memory.
Description
When a thread creates a mutex within an enclave, sgx_thread_mutex_
init simply initializes the various fields of the mutex object to indicate that
the mutex is available. sgx_thread_mutex_init creates a non-recursive
mutex. The results of using a mutex in a lock or unlock operation before it has
been fully initialized (for example, the function call to sgx_thread_mutex_
init returns) are undefined. To avoid race conditions in the initialization of a
trusted mutex, it is recommended statically initializing the mutex with the
macro SGX_THREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER, SGX_THREAD_NON_
RECURSIVE_MUTEX_INITIALIZER ,of, or SGX_THREAD_RECURSIVE_
MUTEX_INITIALIZER instead.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

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sgx_thread_mutex_destroy
The sgx_thread_mutex_destroy function destroys a trusted mutex
object within an enclave.
Syntax
int sgx_thread_mutex_destroy(
sgx_thread_mutex_t * mutex
);
 
Parameters
mutex [in]
The trusted mutex object to be destroyed.
Return value
0
The mutex is destroyed successfully.
EINVAL
The trusted mutex object is invalid. It is either NULL or located outside of
enclave memory.
EBUSY
The mutex is locked by another thread or has pending threads to acquire the
mutex.
Description
sgx_thread_mutex_destroy resets the mutex, which brings it to its initial
status. In this process, certain fields are checked to prevent releasing a mutex
that is still owned by a thread or on which threads are still waiting.

NOTE:
Locking or unlocking a mutex after it has been destroyed results in undefined
behavior. After a mutex is destroyed, it must be re-created before it can be
used again.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

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sgx_thread_mutex_lock
The sgx_thread_mutex_lock function locks a trusted mutex object within
an enclave.
Syntax
int sgx_thread_mutex_lock(
sgx_thread_mutex_t * mutex
);
 
Parameters
mutex [in]
The trusted mutex object to be locked.
Return value
0
The mutex is locked successfully.
EINVAL
The trusted mutex object is invalid.
Description
To acquire a mutex, a thread first needs to acquire the corresponding spin
lock. After the spin lock is acquired, the thread checks whether the mutex is
available. If the queue is empty or the thread is at the head of the queue the
thread will now become the owner of the mutex. To confirm its ownership, the
thread updates the refcount and owner fields. If the mutex is not available, the
thread searches the queue. If the thread is already in the queue, but not at the
head, it means that the thread has previously tried to lock the mutex, but it
did not succeed and had to wait outside the enclave and it has been
awakened unexpectedly. When this happens, the thread makes an OCALL and
simply goes back to sleep. If the thread is trying to lock the mutex for the first
time, it will update the waiting queue and make an OCALL to get suspended.
Note that threads release the spin lock after acquiring the mutex or before
leaving the enclave.

NOTE

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A thread should not exit an enclave returning from a root ECALL after acquir-
ing the ownership of a mutex. Do not split the critical section protected by a
mutex across root ECALLs.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgx_tsrdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_thread_mutex_trylock
The sgx_thread_mutex_trylock function tries to lock a trusted mutex
object within an enclave.
Syntax
int sgx_thread_mutex_trylock(
sgx_thread_mutex_t * mutex
);
 
Parameters
mutex [in]
The trusted mutex object to be try-locked.
Return value
0
The mutex is locked successfully.
EINVAL
The trusted mutex object is invalid.
EBUSY
The mutex is locked by another thread or has pending threads to acquire the
mutex.
Description
A thread may check the status of the mutex, which implies acquiring the spin
lock and verifying that the mutex is available and that the queue is empty or
the thread is at the head of the queue. When this happens, the thread
acquires the mutex, releases the spin lock and returns 0. Otherwise, the

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thread releases the spin lock and returns EINVAL/EBUSY. The thread is not sus-
pended in this case.

NOTE
A thread should not exit an enclave returning from a root ECALL after acquir-
ing the ownership of a mutex. Do not split the critical section protected by a
mutex across root ECALLs.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_thread_mutex_unlock
The sgx_thread_mutex_unlock function unlocks a trusted mutex object
within an enclave.
Syntax
int sgx_thread_mutex_unlock(
sgx_thread_mutex_t * mutex
);
 
Parameters
mutex [in]
The trusted mutex object to be unlocked.
Return value
0
The mutex is unlocked successfully.
EINVAL
The trusted mutex object is invalid or it is not locked by any thread.
EPERM
The mutex is locked by another thread.
Description
Before a thread releases a mutex, it has to verify it is the owner of the mutex. If
that is the case, the thread decreases the refcount by 1 and then may either

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continue normal execution or wakeup the first thread in the queue. Note that
to ensure the state of the mutex remains consistent, the thread that is
awakened by the thread releasing the mutex will then try to acquire the
mutex almost as in the initial call to the sgx_thread_mutex_lock routine.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgxtstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_thread_cond_init
The sgx_thread_cond_init function initializes a trusted condition vari-
able within the enclave.
Syntax
int sgx_thread_cond_init(
sgx_thread_cond_t * cond,
const sgx_thread_condattr_t * unused
);
 
Parameters
cond [in]
The trusted condition variable.
attr [in]
Unused parameter reserved for future user defined condition variable attrib-
utes. [NOT USED]
Return value
0
The condition variable is initialized successfully.
EINVAL
The trusted condition variable is invalid. It is either NULL or located outside
enclave memory.
Description:
When a thread creates a condition variable within an enclave, it simply ini-
tializes the various fields of the object to indicate that the condition variable is

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available. The results of using a condition variable in a wait, signal or broadcast

operation before it has been fully initialized (for example, the function call to
sgx_thread_cond_init returns) are undefined. To avoid race conditions
in the initialization of a condition variable, it is recommended statically ini-
tializing the condition variable with the macro SGX_THREAD_COND_
INITIALIZER.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_thread_cond_destroy
The sgx_thread_cond_destroy function destroys a trusted condition vari-
able within an enclave.
Syntax
int sgx_thread_cond_destroy(
sgx_thread_cond_t * cond
);
 
Parameters
cond [in]
The trusted condition variable to be destroyed.
Return value
0
The condition variable is destroyed successfully.
EINVAL
The trusted condition variable is invalid. It is either NULL or located outside
enclave memory.
EBUSY
The condition variable has pending threads waiting on it.
Description
The procedure first confirms that there are no threads waiting on the con-
dition variable before it is destroyed. The destroy operation acquires the spin

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lock at the beginning of the operation to prevent other threads from signaling
to or waiting on the condition variable.

NOTE
Acquiring or releasing a condition variable after it has been destroyed results
in undefined behavior. After a condition variable is destroyed, it must be re-
created before it can be used again.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_thread_cond_wait
The sgx_thread_cond_wait function waits on a condition variable within
an enclave.
Syntax
int sgx_thread_cond_wait(
sgx_thread_cond_t * cond,
sgx_thread_mutex_t * mutex
);
 
Parameters
cond [in]
The trusted condition variable to be waited on.
mutex [in]
The trusted mutex object that will be unlocked when the thread is blocked in
the condition variable.
Return value
0
The thread waiting on the condition variable is signaled by other thread
(without errors).
EINVAL
The trusted condition variable or mutex object is invalid or the mutex is not
locked.

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EPERM
The trusted mutex is locked by another thread.
Description:
A condition variable is always used in conjunction with a mutex. To wait on a
condition variable, a thread first needs to acquire the condition variable spin
lock. After the spin lock is acquired, the thread updates the condition variable
waiting queue. To avoid the lost wake-up signal problem, the condition vari-
able spin lock is released after the mutex. This order ensures the function
atomically releases the mutex and causes the calling thread to block on the
condition variable, with respect to other threads accessing the mutex and the
condition variable. After releasing the condition variable spin lock, the thread
makes an OCALL to get suspended. When the thread is awakened, it acquires
the condition variable spin lock. The thread then searches the condition vari-
able queue. If the thread is in the queue, it means that the thread was already
waiting on the condition variable outside the enclave, and it has been
awakened unexpectedly. When this happens, the thread releases the con-
dition variable spin lock, makes an OCALL and simply goes back to sleep.
Otherwise, another thread has signaled or broadcasted the condition variable
and this thread may proceed. Before returning, the thread releases the con-
dition variable spin lock and acquires the mutex, ensuring that upon returning
from the function call the thread still owns the mutex.

NOTE
Threads check whether they are in the queue to make the Intel SGX condition
variable robust against attacks to the untrusted event.
A thread may have to do up to two OCALLs throughout the sgx_thread_
cond_wait function call.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_thread_cond_signal
The sgx_thread_cond_signal function wakes a pending thread waiting
on the condition variable.
Syntax
int sgx_thread_cond_signal(

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

sgx_thread_cond_t * cond
);
 
Parameters
cond [in]
The trusted condition variable to be signaled.
Return value
0
One pending thread is signaled.
EINVAL
The trusted condition variable is invalid.
Description
To signal a condition variable, a thread starts acquiring the condition variable
spin-lock. Then it inspects the status of the condition variable queue. If the
queue is empty it means that there are not any threads waiting on the con-
dition variable. When that happens, the thread releases the condition variable
and returns. However, if the queue is not empty, the thread removes the first
thread waiting in the queue. The thread then makes an OCALL to wake up the
thread that is suspended outside the enclave, but first the thread releases the
condition variable spin-lock. Upon returning from the OCALL, the thread con-
tinues normal execution.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_thread_cond_broadcast
The sgx_thread_cond_broadcast function wakes all pending threads
waiting on the condition variable.
Syntax
int sgx_thread_cond_broadcast(
sgx_thread_cond_t * cond
);
 

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Parameters
cond [in]
The trusted condition variable to be broadcasted.
Return value
0
All pending threads have been broadcasted.
EINVAL
The trusted condition variable is invalid.
ENOMEM
Internal memory allocation failed.
Description
Broadcast and signal operations on a condition variable are analogous. The
only difference is that during a broadcast operation, the thread removes all
the threads waiting on the condition variable queue and wakes up all the
threads suspended outside the enclave in a single OCALL.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_thread_self
The sgx_thread_self function returns the unique thread identification.
Syntax
sgx_thread_t sgx_thread_self(
void
);
 
Return value
The return value cannot be NULL and is always valid as long as it is invoked by
a thread inside the enclave.
Description

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The function is a simple wrap of get_thread_data() provided in the tRTS,

which provides a trusted thread unique identifier.

NOTE:
This identifier does not change throughout the life of an enclave.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_thread_equal
The sgx_thread_equal function compares two thread identifiers.
Syntax
int sgx_thread_equal(sgx_thread_t
sgx_thread_t t1,
sgx_thread_t t2
);
 
Return value
A nonzero value if the two thread IDs are equal, 0 otherwise.
Description
The function compares two thread identifiers provided by sgx_thread_
self to determine if the IDs refer to the same trusted thread.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_create_event
The sgx_create_event function initializes an unamed event within the
enclave.
Syntax
int sgx_create_event(
sgx_thread_sync_object_handle_t* handle,
int is_manual_reset,
int is_signaled_init_state

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);
 
Parameters
handle [out]
Pointer to handle of the trusted thread synchronization object (event).
is_manual_reset [in]
If this parameter is 1, the event can only be reset manually.
If this parameter is 0, the event will be reset automatically.
is_signaled_init_state [in]
By default, the initial state of the event is not set. However, when this para-
meter is 1, the event will be signaled upon initialization.
When this parameter is 0, the event will be non-signaled upon initialization.
Return value
0
The unnamed event is initialized successfully.
EINVAL
The pointer to the trusted event is invalid.
ENOMEM
There is not enough memory to allocate an event.
Description
When a thread creates an event within an enclave, sgx_create_event
simply initializes various fields of the event object to indicate that the event is
available. By default, sgx_create_event creates a non-signaled event that
is automatically reset by sgx_wait_for_single_object and sgx_wait_
for_multiple_objects. The results of using an event in any operation
before it has been fully initialized are undefined.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

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sgx_set_event
The sgx_set_event function sets the event object to the signaled state.
Syntax
int sgx_set_event(
sgx_thread_sync_object_handle_t handle
);
 
Parameters
handle [in]
Handle of the trusted thread synchronization object (event).
Return value
0
The event object state was signaled successfully.
EINVAL
The pointer to the trusted event is invalid.
Description
sgx_set_event explicitly signals the state of an event object. The state of
an auto-reset event object remains signaled until a thread waiting on this
event is released. The state of a manually-reset event object remains signaled
until you explicitly reset it calling sgx_reset_event. All threads waiting on a
manually-reset event will be released.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_reset_event
The sgx_reset_event function sets the event object to the non-signaled
state.
Syntax
int sgx_reset_event(
sgx_thread_sync_object_handle_t handle
);

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Parameters
handle [in]
Handle of the trusted thread synchronization object (event).
Return value
0
The event object state is reset successfully.
EINVAL
The pointer to the trusted event is invalid.
Description
sgx_reset_event changes the state of an event object to non-signaled.
Use this function to reset events configured not to be automatically reset.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_wait_for_single_object
The sgx_wait_for_single_object function waits until the specified
object is in the signaled state or the timeout interval elapses.
Syntax
int sgx_wait_for_single_object(
sgx_thread_sync_object_handle_t handle,
uint32_t timeout
);
 
Parameters
handle [in]
Handle of the trusted thread synchronization object (event).
timeout [in]
Timeout interval. Only 0 and WAIT_FUNC_TIMEOUT_INFINITE are sup-
ported. With WAIT_FUNC_TIMEOUT_INFINITE a thread waits until the

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

object is signaled. If timeout is zero, the function does not enter a wait state if
the object is not signaled. Instead it returns immediately.
Return value
0
The object was signaled successfully.
SGX_THREAD_ERROR_WAIT_TIMEOUT
A timeout interval of 0 was specified and the object was not in the signaled
state.
SGX_THREAD_ERROR_WAIT_FAILED
The function failed to wait.
Description
sgx_wait_for_single_object allows a thread to wait until an object is
signaled (timeout WAIT_FUNC_TIMEOUT_INFINITE) or to check whether an
object has been signaled (timeout zero) without waiting if not.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_wait_for_multiple_objects
The sgx_wait_for_multiple_objects function waits until one or all of
the specified objects are in the signaled state or the timeout interval elapses.
Syntax
int sgx_wait_for_multiple_objects(
uint32_t count,
sgx_thread_sync_object_handle_t * handles,
int wait_all,
uint32_t timeout
);
 
Parameters
count [in]
Number of objects in the handle array. The current implementation limits the
number of objects to MAX_WAIT_HANDLE_NUM.

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handles [in]
Array of handles of the trusted thread synchronization object (event).
wait_all [in]
If this parameter is 1, sgx_wait_for_multiple_objects returns only
after all the objects in the handle array are signaled. When this parameter is 0,
the function returns when the state of any object is signaled. In this case, the
return value indicates the object whose state caused the function to return.
timeout [in]
Timeout interval. Only 0 and WAIT_FUNC_TIMEOUT_INFINITE are sup-
ported. With WAIT_FUNC_TIMEOUT_INFINITE, a thread waits until the
event object is signaled. If timeout is zero, the function does not enter a wait
state if the event object is not signaled. Instead it returns immediately.
Return value
0
If the function succeeds.
SGX_THREAD_ERROR_WAIT_TIMEOUT
A timeout interval of 0 was specified and no object was in the signaled state.
SGX_THREAD_ERROR_WAIT_FAILED
The function failed to wait.
Description
sgx_wait_for_multiple_objects allows a thread to wait until an object
is signaled (timeout WAIT_FUNC_TIMEOUT_INFINITE) or to check whether
if an event object has been signaled (timeout zero). Handles could refer to dif-
ferent object types: event and mutex.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_destroy_event
The sgx_destroy_event function destroys the event object and releases
all its resources.
Syntax

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

int sgx_destroy_event(
sgx_thread_sync_object_handle_t handle
);
 
Parameters
handle [in]
Handle of the trusted thread synchronization object (event).
Return value
0
The event object was destroy successfully.
Non zero
The function failed. See the returned error code for additional information.
Description
sgx_destroy_event destroys an event object and releases all the
resources associated with the event. This function signals all threads waiting
on the event before it is closed.

NOTE:
The sgx_destroy_event returns different values if the event object to be
destroyed is being waited by sgx_wait_single_object or sgx_wait_
multiple_objects:
 l The sgx_destroy_event returns EBUSY if the event is being waited
by sgx_wait_single_object.
 l The sgx_destroy_event returns 0 if the event is being waited by
sgx_wait_multiple_objects.

Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_cpuid
The sgx_cpuid function performs the equivalent of a cpuid() function call or
intrinisic which executes the CPUID instruction to query the host processor for
the information about supported features.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

NOTE:
This function performs an OCALL to execute the CPUID instruction.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_cpuid(
int cpuinfo[4],
int leaf
);
 
Parameters
cpuinfo [in, out]
The information returned in an array of four integers. This array must be loc-
ated within the enclave.
leaf [in]
The leaf specified for retrieved CPU info.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Indicates success.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Indicates the parameter cpuinfo is invalid, which would be NULL or outside the
enclave.
Description
This function provides the equivalent of the cpuid() function or intrinsic. The
function executes the CPUID instruction for the given leaf (input). The CPUID
instruction provides processor feature and type information that is returned in
cpuinfo, an array of 4 integers to specify the values of EAX, EBX, ECX and EDX
registers. sgx_cpuid performs an OCALL by invoking oc_cpuidex to get the
info from untrusted side because the CPUID instruction is an illegal instruction
in the enclave domain.
For additional details, see Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software
Developer's Manual for the description on the CPUID instruction and its indi-
vidual leafs. (Leaf corresponds to EAX in the PRM description).

NOTE

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

 1. As the CPUID instruction is executed by an OCALL, the results should not
be trusted. Code should verify the results and perform a threat eval-
uation to determine the impact on trusted code if the results were
spoofed.
 2. The implementation of this function performs an OCALL and therefore,
this function will not have the same serializing or fencing behavior of
executing a CPUID instruction in an untrusted domain code flow.

Requirements
Header sgx_cpuid.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_cpuidex
The sgx_cpuidex function performs the equivalent of a cpuid_ex() func-
tion call or intrinisic which executes the CPUID instruction to query the host
processor for the information about supported features.

NOTE:
This function performs an OCALL to execute the CPUID instruction.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_cpuidex(
int cpuinfo[4],
int leaf,
int subleaf
);
 
Parameters
cpuinfo [in, out]
The information returned in an array of four integers. The array must be loc-
ated within the enclave.
leaf[in]
The leaf specified for retrieved CPU info.
subleaf[in]
The sub-leaf specified for retrieved CPU info.
Return value

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

SGX_SUCCESS
Indicates success.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Indicates the parameter cpuinfo is invalid, which would be NULL or outside the
enclave.
Description
This function provides the equivalent of the cpuid() function or intrinsic.
The function executes the CPUID instruction for the given leaf (input). The
CPUID instruction provides processor feature and type information returned
in cpuinfo, an array of 4 integers to specify the values of EAX, EBX, ECX and
EDX registers. sgx_cpuid performs an OCALL by invoking oc_cpuidex to get
the info from untrusted side because the CPUID instruction is an illegal instruc-
tion in the enclave domain.
For additional details, see Intel® 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software
Developer's Manual for the description on the CPUID instruction and its indi-
vidual leafs. (Leaf corresponds to EAX in the PRM description).

NOTE
 1. As the CPUID instruction is executed by an OCALL, the results should not
be trusted. Code should verify the results and perform a threat eval-
uation to determine the impact on trusted code if the results were
spoofed.
 2. The implementation of this function performs an OCALL and therefore,
this function will not have the same serializing or fencing behavior of
executing a CPUID instruction in an untrusted domain code flow.

Requirements
Header sgx_cpuid.h sgx_tstdc.edl
Library sgx_tstdc.lib

sgx_get_key
The sgx_get_key function generates a 128-bit secret key using the input
information. This function is a wrapper for the Intel SGX EGETKEY instruction.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_get_key(

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const sgx_key_request_t *key_request,
sgx_key_128bit_t *key
);
 
Parameters
key_request [in]
A pointer to a sgx_key_request_t object used for selecting the appropriate
key and any additional parameters required in the derivation of that key. The
pointer cannot be NULL and must be located within the enclave. See details
on the sgx_key_request_t to understand initializing this structure before call-
ing this function.
key [out]
A pointer to the buffer that receives the cryptographic key output. The
pointer cannot be NULL and must be located within enclave memory.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Indicates success.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Indicates an error if the parameters do not meet any of the following con-
ditions:
key_request buffer must be non-NULL and located within the enclave.
key buffer must be non-NULL and located within the enclave.
key_request and key_request->key_policy should not have any
reserved bits set.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Indicates an error that the enclave is out of memory.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_ATTRIBUTE
Indicates the key_request requests a key for a KEYNAME which the enclave
is not authorized.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_CPUSVN
Indicates key_request->cpu_svn is beyond platform CPUSVN value
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_ISVSVN

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Indicates key_request->isv_svn is greater than the enclave’s ISVSVN

SGX_ERROR_INVALID_KEYNAME
Indicates key_request->key_name is an unsupported value
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates an unexpected error occurs during the key generation process.
Description
The sgx_get_key function generates a 128-bit secret key from the pro-
cessor specific key hierarchy with the key_request information. If the func-
tion fails with an error code, the key buffer will be filled with random numbers.
The key_request structure needs to be initialized properly to obtain the
requested key type. See sgx_key_request_t for structure details.

NOTE:
It is not recommended to use this API to obtain the sealing key. Use the sgx_
seal_data, sgx_seal_data_ex, and sgx_unseal_data API instead.
The sealing key can change after the platform firmware is updated. The seal-
ing data API generates a data blob (sgx_sealed_data_t), which contains all
the necessary information to unseal the blob even after updating the platform
firmware. Without this information, unsealing may fail.
Requirements
Header sgx_utils.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_create_report
Tries to use the information of the target enclave and other information to cre-
ate a cryptographic report of the enclave. This function is a wrapper for the
Intel® Software Guard Extensions (Intel® SGX) EREPORT instruction.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_create_report(
const sgx_target_info_t *target_info,
const sgx_report_data_t *report_data,
sgx_report_t *report
);
 

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Parameters
target_info [in]
Pointer to the sgx_target_info_t object that contains the information of the tar-
get enclave, which will cryptographically verify the report by calling sgx_
verify_report.
 l If the pointer value is NULL, sgx_create_report retrieves inform-
ation about the calling enclave, but the generated report cannot be veri-
fied by any enclave.
 l If the pointer value is not NULL, the target_info buffer must be
within the enclave.

See sgx_target_info_t for structure details.

report_data [in]
Pointer to the sgx_report_data_t object that contains a set of data used for
communication between the enclaves. This pointer is allowed to be NULL. If it
is not NULL, the report_data buffer must be within the enclave. See sgx_
report_data_t for structure details.
report [out]
Pointer to the buffer that receives the cryptographic report of the enclave.
The pointer cannot be NULL and the report buffer must be within the enclave.
See sgx_report_t for structure details.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Indicates success.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
An error is reported if any of the parameters are non-NULL but the memory is
not within the enclave or the reserved fields of the data structure are not set
to zero.
Description
Use the function sgx_create_report to create a cryptographic report that
describes the contents of the calling enclave. The report can be used by other
enclaves to verify that the enclave is running on the same platform. When an
enclave calls sgx_verify_report to verify a report, it succeeds only if the

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report has been generated using the target_info for said enclave. This
function is a wrapper for the Intel® SGX EREPORT instruction.
Before the source enclave calls sgx_create_report to generate a report, it
needs to populate target_info with information about the target enclave
that will verify the report. The target enclave may obtain this information by
calling sgx_create_report with a NULL pointer or directly calling sgx_
self_target for target_info and pass it to the source enclave at the
beginning of the inter-enclave attestation process.
Requirements
Header sgx_utils.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_verify_report
The sgx_verify_report function provides software verification for the
report which is expected to be generated by the sgx_create_report function.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_verify_report(
const sgx_report_t * report
);
 
Parameters
report[in]
A pointer to an sgx_report_t object that contains the cryptographic report to
be verified. The pointer cannot be NULL and the report buffer must be within
the enclave.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Verification success: The input report was generated using a target_info
that matches the one for the enclave making this call.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The report object is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_MAC_MISMATCH

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Indicates report verification error.

SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates an unexpected error occurs during the report verification process.
Description
The sgx_verify_report performs a cryptographic CMAC function of the
input sgx_report_data_t object in the report using the report key. Then the
function compares the input report MAC value with the calculated MAC value
to determine whether the report is valid or not.
Requirements
Header sgx_utils.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_self_report
Generates a self cryptographic report of an enclave.
Syntax
const sgx_report_t *sgx_self_report(void);
 
Return value
The function returns a constant pointer to the generated self cryptographic
report of an enclave. See sgx_report_t for structure details.
Description
This function returns a self cryptographic report of an enclave. On the first call,
the function calls sgx_create_report with a NULL pointer for target_
info to generate a self cryptographic report of the enclave and saves it. For
the subsequent calls, the function directly returns the generated report
pointer.
Requirements
Header sgx_utils.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

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sgx_self_target
Generates self target info from the self cryptographic report of an enclave.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_self_target(
sgx_target_info_t *target_info
);
 
Parameters
target_info [OUT]
Pointer to the sgx_target_info_t object that receives the generated self target
info from the self report of an enclave. The target_info must be a non-
NULL pointer, and the buffer must be located within the enclave.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Indicates success.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Invalid input parameters detected.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates an unexpected error occured.
Description
The function sgx_self_target generates self target info with the self cryp-
tographic report of the enclave. You can use it to get target info in the inter-
enclave attestation process.
Requirements
Header sgx_utils.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_get_aligned_ptr
The sgx_get_aligned_ptr function returns the address within the
provided buffer. The returned address will be used as the starting address of
the structure to be aligned.

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Syntax
void *sgx_get_aligned_ptr (
void *raw,
size_t raw_size,
size_t allocate_size,
size_t alignment,
align_req_t *data,
size_t count
);
 
Parameters
raw [in]
Pointer to the buffer allocated by the caller.
raw_size [in]
Size of the raw buffer.
allocate_size [in]
Size of the structure to be aligned.
alignment [in]
Desired, traditional alignment of the structure. Must be power of 2.
data [in]
(offset, length) pairs to define the fields in the structure that needs con-
fidentiality protection. If data is NULL and count is 0, the whole structure is
treated as needing confidentiality protection.
count [in]
Number of align_req_t structures in the data.
Return value
Address within the provided buffer where structure to be aligned must start
or NULL, including the case when the strucutre cannot be aligned.
Description
The sgx_get_aligned_ptr function faciliates alignment of the structure
that contains secrets. The function returns the address within the provided
raw buffer to be used as the start address of the structure on a specific bound-
ary. If the structure cannot be aligned, the function returns NULL.

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If the whole structure cannot be aligned, you can use align_req_t structure to
define part of the secrets in the structure to be protected.
The raw buffer is defined/allocated by the caller. In general, its size (specified
by the raw_size parameter) must be bigger than the structure being aligned.
The delta between the raw buffer size and the structure size depends on
value of the desired, traditional alignment. Raw_size >= sizeof(structure) + 64
+ A, where A = max((desired, traditional alignment), 8)
.
Requirements
Header sgx_secure_align_api.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)
 

sgx_aligned_malloc
The sgx_aligned_malloc function allocates memory for a structure on a
specified alignment boundary and returns the address where structure must
start in order to be aligned.
Syntax
void *sgx_aligned_malloc (
size_t size,
size_t alignment,
align_req_t *data,
size_t count
);
 
Parameters
size [in]
Size of the structure to be aligned.
alignment [in]
Desired, traditional alignment of the structure. Must be power of 2.
data [in]

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(offset, length) pairs to define the fields in the structure that needs con-
fidentiality protection. If the data is NULL and count is 0, the whole structure is
treated as needing confidentiality protection.
count [in]
Number of align_req_t structures in the data.
Return value
Pointer to the memory block that is allocated or NULL if the operation failed,
including the case when the structure cannot be aligned.
 
Description
The sgx_aligned_malloc function allocates memory for the structure that
contains secrets on a specified alignment boundary. If the structure cannot be
aligned, the function returns NULL.
If the whole structure cannot be aligned, you can use the align_req_t structure
to define part of the secrets in the structure to be protected.
The pointer allocated by sgx_aligned_malloc must be released by sgx_
aligned_free.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_secure_align_api.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)
 

sgx_aligned_free
The sgx_aligned_free function frees a block of memory allocated by
sgx_aligned_malloc.
 
Syntax
void *sgx_aligned_free (
void *size,
size_t alignment,
align_req_t *data,

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size_t count
);
 
Parameters
ptr [in]
Pointer to the memory block that has been returned to sgx_aligned_mal-
loc.
 
Description
The sgx_aligned_free function frees the memory allocated by sgx_
aligned_malloc. It does not check the input parameter. If the input pointer
has not been previously allocated by sgx_aligned_malloc, the result is
unpredictable.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_secure_align_api.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)
 

sgx_calc_sealed_data_size
The sgx_calc_sealed_data_size function is a helper function for the
seal library which should be used to determine how much memory to allocate
for the sgx_sealed_data_t structure.
Syntax
uint32_t sgx_calc_sealed_data_size(
const uint32_t add_mac_txt_size,
const uint32_t txt_encrypt_size
);
 
Parameters
add_mac_txt_size [in]

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Length of the optional additional data stream in bytes. The additional data will
not be encrypted, but will be part of the MAC calculation.
txt_encrypt_size [in]
Length of the data stream to be encrypted in bytes. This data will also be part
of the MAC calculation.
Return value
If the function succeeds, the return value is the minimum number of bytes that
need to be allocated for the sgx_sealed_data_t structure. If the function fails,
the return value is 0xFFFFFFFF. It is recommended that you check the return
value before use it to allocate memory.
Description
The function calculates the number of bytes to allocate for the sgx_sealed_
data_t structure. The calculation includes the fixed portions of the structure as
well as the two input data streams: encrypted text and optional additional
MAC text.
Requirements
Header sgx_tseal.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_get_add_mac_txt_len
The sgx_get_add_mac_txt_len function is a helper function for the seal
library which should be used to determine how much memory to allocate for
the additional_MAC_text buffer output from the sgx_unseal_data func-
tion.
Syntax
uint32_t sgx_get_add_mac_txt_len(
const sgx_sealed_data_t *p_sealed_data
);
 
Parameters
p_sealed_data [in]

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Pointer to the sealed data structure which was populated by the sgx_seal_
data function.
Return value
If the function succeeds, the number of bytes in the optional additional MAC
data buffer is returned. If this function fails, the return value is 0xFFFFFFFF. It
is recommended that you check the return value before use it to allocate
memory.
Description
The function calculates the minimum number of bytes to allocate for the out-
put MAC data buffer returned by the sgx_unseal_data function.
Requirements
Header sgx_tseal.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_get_encrypt_txt_len
The sgx_get_encrypt_txt_len function is a helper function for the seal
library which should be used to calculate the minimum number of bytes to
allocate for decrypted data returned by the sgx_unseal_data function.
Syntax
uint32_t sgx_get_encrypt_txt_len(
const sgx_sealed_data_t *p_sealed_data
);
 
Parameters
p_sealed_data [in]
Pointer to the sealed data structure which was populated during by the sgx_
seal_data function.
Return value
If the function succeeds, the number of bytes in the encrypted data buffer is
returned. Othewise, the return value is 0xFFFFFFFF. It is recommended that
you check the return value before use it to allocate memory.
Description

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The function calculates the minimum number of bytes to allocate for decryp-
ted data returned by the sgx_unseal_data function.
Requirements
Header sgx_tseal.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_seal_data
This function is used to AES-GCM encrypt the input data. Two input data sets
are provided: one is the data to be encrypted; the second is optional addi-
tional data that will not be encrypted but will be part of the GCM MAC cal-
culation which also covers the data to be encrypted.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_seal_data(
const uint32_t  a
  dditional_MACtext_length,
const uint8_t  
*
   p_additional_MACtext,
const uint32_t  t
  ext2encrypt_length,
const uint8_t  
*
   p_text2encrypt,
const uint32_t  s
  ealed_data_size,
sgx_sealed_data_t * p_sealed_data
);
 
Parameters
additional_MACtext_length [in]
Length of the additional Message Authentication Code (MAC) data in bytes.
The additional data is optional and thus the length can be zero if no data is
provided.
p_addtional_MACtext [in]
Pointer to the additional Message Authentication Code (MAC) data. This addi-
tional data is optional and no data is necessary (NULL pointer can be passed,
but additional_MACtext_length must be zero in this case).

NOTE:
This data will not be encrypted. This data can be within or outside the enclave,
but cannot cross the enclave boundary.
text2encrypt_length [in]

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Length of the data stream to be encrypted in bytes. Must be non-zero.

p_text2encrypt [in]
Pointer to the data stream to be encrypted. Must not be NULL. Must be within
the enclave.
sealed_data_size [in]
Number of bytes allocated for the sgx_sealed_data_t structure. The calling
code should utilize helper function sgx_calc_sealed_data_size to
determine the required buffer size.
p_sealed_data [out]
Pointer to the buffer to store the sealed data.

NOTE:
The calling code must allocate the memory for this buffer and should utilize
helper function sgx_calc_sealed_data_size to determine the required
buffer size. The sealed data must be within the enclave.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Indicates success.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Indicates an error if the parameters do not meet any of the following con-
ditions:
 l If additional_MACtext_length is non-zero, p_additional_MAC-
text cannot be NULL.
 l p_additional_MACtext buffer can be within or outside the enclave,
but cannot cross the enclave boundary.
 l p_text2encrypt must be non-zero.
 l p_text2encrypt buffer must be within the enclave.
 l sealed_data_size must be equal to the required buffer size, which
is calculated by the function sgx_calc_sealed_data_size.
 l p_sealed_data buffer must be within the enclave.
 l Input buffers cannot cross an enclave boundary.

SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
The enclave is out of memory.

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SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates a crypto library failure or the RDRAND instruction fails to generate a
random number.
Description
The sgx_seal_data function retrieves a key unique to the enclave and uses
that key to encrypt the input data buffer. This function can be utilized to pre-
serve secret data after the enclave is destroyed. The sealed data blob can be
unsealed on future instantiations of the enclave.
The additional data buffer will not be encrypted but will be part of the MAC
calculation that covers the encrypted data as well. This data may include
information about the application, version, data, etc which can be utilized to
identify the sealed data blob since it will remain plain text
Use sgx_calc_sealed_data_size to calculate the number of bytes to
allocate for the sgx_sealed_data_t structure. The input sealed data buffer and
text2encrypt buffers must be allocated within the enclave.
Requirements
Header sgx_tseal.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_seal_data_ex
This function is used to AES-GCM encrypt the input data. Two input data sets
are provided: one is the data to be encrypted; the second is optional addi-
tional data that will not be encrypted but will be part of the GCM MAC cal-
culation which also covers the data to be encrypted. This is the expert mode
version of function sgx_seal_data.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_seal_data_ex(
const uint16_t  k
  ey_policy,
const sgx_attributes_t   a ttribute_mask,
const sgx_misc_select_t misc_mask,
const uint32_t  a
  dditional_MACtext_length,
const uint8_t  
*
   p_additional_MACtext,
const uint32_t  t
  ext2encrypt_length,
const uint8_t  
*
   p_text2encrypt,
const uint32_t  s
  ealed_data_size,
sgx_sealed_data_t   *
   p_sealed_data
);

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Parameters
key_policy [in]
Specifies the policy to use in the key derivation. Function sgx_seal_data
uses the MRSIGNER policy.
Key policy name Value Description is detailed in sgx_key_request_t.
attribute_mask [in]
Identifies which platform/enclave attributes to use in the key derivation. See
the definition of sgx_attributes_t to determine which attributes will be
checked. Function sgx_seal_data uses flags=0xFF0000000000000B, 
xfrm=0.
misc_mask [in]
Identifies the mask bits for the Misc feature to enforce. Function sgx_seal_data
uses 0xF0000000.The misc mask bits for the enclave. Reserved for future
function extension.
additional_MACtext_length [in]
Length of the additional data to be MAC’ed in bytes. The additional data is
optional and thus the length can be zero if no data is provided.
p_addtional_MACtext [in]
Pointer to the additional data to be MAC’ed of variable length. This additional
data is optional and no data is necessary (NULL pointer can be passed, but
additional_MACtext_length must be zero in this case).

NOTE:
This data will not be encrypted. This data can be within or outside the enclave,
but cannot cross the enclave boundary.
text2encrypt_length [in]
Length of the data stream to be encrypted in bytes. Must be non-zero.
p_text2encrypt [in]
Pointer to the data stream to be encrypted of variable length. Must not be
NULL. Must be within the enclave.
sealed_data_size [in]

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Number of bytes allocated for sealed_data_t structure. The calling code

should utilize helper function sgx_calc_sealed_data_size to determine
the required buffer size.
p_sealed_data [out]
Pointer to the buffer that is populated by this function.

NOTE:
The calling code must allocate the memory for this buffer and should utilize
helper function sgx_calc_sealed_data_size to determine the required
buffer size. The sealed data must be within the enclave.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Indicates success.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Indicates an error if the parameters do not meet any of the following con-
ditions:
 l If additional_MACtext_length is non-zero, p_additional_
MACtext cannot be NULL.
 l p_additional_MACtext buffer can be within or outside the enclave,
but cannot cross the enclave boundary.
 l p_text2encrypt must be non-zero.
 l p_text2encrypt buffer must be within the enclave.
 l sealed_data_size must be equal to the required buffer size, which
is calculated by the function sgx_calc_sealed_data_size.
 l p_sealed_data buffer must be within the enclave.
 l Input buffers cannot cross an enclave boundary.

SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
The enclave is out of memory.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates crypto library failure or the RDRAND instruction fails to generate a
random number.
Description

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The sgx_seal_data_ex is an extended version of sgx_seal_data. It

provides parameters for you to identify how to derive the sealing key (key
policy and attributes_mask). Typical callers of the seal library should be
able to use sgx_seal_data and the default values provided for key_
policy (MR_SIGNER) and an attribute mask which includes the RESERVED,
INITED and DEBUG bits. Users of this function should have a clear under-
standing of the impact on using a policy and/or attribute_mask that is dif-
ferent from that in sgx_seal_data.
Requirement
Header sgx_tseal.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_unseal_data
This function is used to AES-GCM decrypt the input sealed data structure.
Two output data sets result: one is the decrypted data; the second is the
optional additional data that was part of the GCM MAC calculation but was not
encrypted. This function provides the converse of sgx_seal_data and
sgx_seal_data_ex.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_unseal_data(
const sgx_sealed_data_t * p_sealed_data,
uint8_t  
*
   p_additional_MACtext,
uint32_t  *
   p_additional_MACtext_length,
uint8_t  
*
   p_decrypted_text,
uint32_t  *
   p_decrypted_text_length
);
 
Parameters
p_sealed_data [in]
Pointer to the sealed data buffer to be AES-GCM decrypted. Must be within
the enclave.
p_addtional_MACtext [out]
Pointer to the additional data part of the MAC calculation. This additional data
is optional and no data is necessary. The calling code should call helper func-
tion sgx_get_add_mac_txt_len to determine the required buffer size to

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allocate. (NULL pointer can be passed, if additional_MACtext_length is

zero).
p_additional_MACtext_length [in, out]
Pointer to the length of the additional MAC data buffer in bytes. The calling
code should call helper function sgx_get_add_mac_txt_len to determine
the minimum required buffer size. The sgx_unseal_data function returns
the actual length of decrypted addition data stream.
p_decrypted_text [out]
Pointer to the decrypted data buffer which needs to be allocated by the call-
ing code. Use sgx_get_encrypt_txt_len to calculate the minimum num-
ber of bytes to allocate for the p_decrypted_text buffer. Must be
within the enclave.
p_decrypted_text_length [in, out]
Pointer to the length of the decrypted data buffer in byte. The buffer length
of p_decrypted_text must be specified in p_decrypted_text_length as
input. The sgx_unseal_data function returns the actual length of decryp-
ted addition data stream. Use sgx_get_encrypt_txt_len to calculate the
number of bytes to allocate for the p_decrypted_text buffer. Must be
within the enclave.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Indicates success.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Indicates an error if the parameters do not meet any of the following con-
ditions:
 l If additional_mactext_length is non-zero, p_additional_mac-
text cannot be NULL.
 l p_additional_mactext buffer can be within or outside the enclave,
but cannot across the enclave boundary.
 l p_decrypted_text and p_decrypted_text_length must be
within the enclave.
 l p_decrypted_text and p_addtitional_MACtext buffer must be
big enough to receive the decrypted data.

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 l p_sealed_data buffer must be within the enclave.

 l Input buffers cannot cross an enclave boundary.

SGX_ERROR_INVALID_CPUSVN
The CPUSVN in the sealed data blob is beyond the CPUSVN value of the plat-
form.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_ISVSVN
The ISVSVN in the sealed data blob is greater than the ISVSVN value of the
enclave.
SGX_ERROR_MAC_MISMATCH
The tag verification failed during unsealing. The error may be caused by a plat-
form update, software update, or sealed data blob corruption. This error is
also reported if other corruption of the sealed data structure is detected.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
The enclave is out of memory.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates a cryptography library failure.
Description
The sgx_unseal_data function AES-GCM decrypts the sealed data so that
the enclave data can be restored. This function can be utilized to restore
secret data that was preserved after an earlier instantiation of this enclave
saved this data.
The calling code needs to allocate the additional data buffer and the decryp-
ted data buffer. To determine the minimum memory to allocate for these buf-
fers, helper functions sgx_get_add_mac_txt_len and sgx_get_
encrypt_txt_len are provided. The decrypted text buffer must be alloc-
ated within the enclave.
Requirements
Header sgx_tseal.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

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sgx_mac_aadata
This function is used to authenticate the input data with AES-GMAC.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_mac_aadata(
const uint32_t  a
  dditional_MACtext_length,
const uint8_t  
*
   p_additional_MACtext,
const uint32_t  s
  ealed_data_size,
sgx_sealed_data_t * p_sealed_data
);
 
Parameters
additional_MACtext_length [in]
Length of the plain text to provide authentication for in bytes.
p_addtional_MACtext [in]
Pointer to the plain text to provide authentication for.

NOTE:
This data is not encrypted. This data can be within or outside the enclave, but
cannot cross the enclave boundary.
sealed_data_size [in]
Number of bytes allocated for the sealed_data_t structure. The calling
code should utilize the helper function sgx_calc_sealed_data_size to
determine the required buffer size.
p_sealed_data [out]
Pointer to the buffer to store the sealed_data_t structure.

NOTE:
The calling code must allocate the memory for this buffer and should utilize
the helper function sgx_calc_sealed_data_size with 0 as the txt_
encrypt_size to determine the required buffer size. The sealed_data_t
structure must be within the enclave.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Indicates success.

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SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Indicates an error if the parameters do not meet any of the following con-
ditions:
 l p_additional_mactext buffer can be within or outside the enclave,
but cannot cross the enclave boundary.
 l sealed_data_size must be equal to the required buffer size, which
is calculated by the function sgx_calc_sealed_data_size.
 l p_sealed_data buffer must be within the enclave.
 l Input buffers cannot cross an enclave boundary.

SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
The enclave is out of memory.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates a crypto library failure, or the RDRAND instruction fails to generate a
random number.
Description
The sgx_mac_aadata function retrieves a key unique to the enclave and
uses that key to generate the authentication tag based on the input data buf-
fer. This function can be utilized to provide authentication assurance for addi-
tional data (of practically unlimited length per invocation) that is not
encrypted. The data origin authentication can be demonstrated on future
instantiations of the enclave using the MAC stored into the data blob.
Use sgx_calc_sealed_data_size to calculate the number of bytes to
allocate for the sgx_sealed_data_t structure. The input sealed data buffer
must be allocated within the enclave.
Requirements
Header sgx_tseal.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_mac_aadata_ex
This function is used to authenticate the input data with AES-GMAC. This is
the expert mode version of the function sgx_mac_aadata.
Syntax

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sgx_status_t sgx_mac_aadata_ex(
const uint16_t  k
  ey_policy,
const sgx_attributes_t   a ttribute_mask,
const sgx_misc_select_t misc_mask,
const uint32_t  a
  dditional_MACtext_length,
const uint8_t  
*
   p_additional_MACtext,
const uint32_t  s
  ealed_data_size,
sgx_sealed_data_t   *
   p_sealed_data
);
 
Parameters
key_policy [in]
Specifies the policy to use in the key derivation. Key policy name Value
Description is detailed in sgx_key_request_t. Function sgx_mac_aadata
uses the MRSIGNER policy.
attribute_mask [in]
Identifies which platform/enclave attributes to use in the key derivation. See
the definition of sgx_attributes_t to determine which attributes will be
checked. Function sgx_mac_aadata uses flag-
s=0xfffffffffffffff3, xfrm=0.
misc_mask [in]
The MISC_SELECT mask bits for the enclave. Reserved for future function
extension.
additional_MACtext_length [in]
Length of the plain text data stream to be MAC’ed in bytes.
p_addtional_MACtext [in]
Pointer to the plain text data stream to be MAC’ed of variable length.

NOTE:
This data is not encrypted. This data can be within or outside the enclave, but
cannot cross the enclave boundary.
sealed_data_size [in]
Number of bytes allocated for the sealed_data_t structure. The calling
code should utilize the helper function sgx_calc_sealed_data_size to
determine the required buffer size.

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p_sealed_data [out]
Pointer to the buffer that is populated by this function.

NOTE:
The calling code must allocate the memory for this buffer and should utilize
the helper function sgx_calc_sealed_data_size with 0 as the txt_
encrypt_size to determine the required buffer size. The sealed_data_t
structure must be within the enclave.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Indicates success.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Indicates an error if the parameters do not meet any of the following con-
ditions:
 l p_additional_mactext buffer can be within or outside the enclave,
but cannot cross the enclave boundary.
 l sealed_data_size must be equal to the required buffer size, which
is calculated by the function sgx_calc_sealed_data_size.
 l p_sealed_data buffer must be within the enclave.
 l Input buffers cannot cross an enclave boundary.

SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
The enclave is out of memory.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates crypto library failure or the RDRAND instruction fails to generate a
random number.
Description
The sgx_mac_aadata_ex is an extended version of sgx_mac_aadata. It
provides parameters for you to identify how to derive the sealing key (key
policy and attributes_mask). Typical callers of the seal library should be
able to use sgx_mac_aadata and the default values provided for key_
policy (MR_SIGNER) and an attribute mask which includes the RESERVED,
INITED and DEBUG bits. Before you use this function, you should have a clear

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understanding of the impact of using a policy and/or attribute_mask that

is different from that in sgx_mac_aadata.
Requirement
Header sgx_tseal.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_unmac_aadata
This function is used to verify the authenticity of the input sealed data struc-
ture using AES-GMAC. This function verifies the MAC generated with sgx_
mac_aadataorsgx_mac_aadata_ex.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_unmac_aadata(
const sgx_sealed_data_t * p_sealed_data,
uint8_t  
*
   p_additional_MACtext,
uint32_t  *
   p_additional_MACtext_length,
);
 
Parameters
p_sealed_data [in]
Pointer to the sealed data structure to be authenticated with AES-GMAC. Must
be within the enclave.
p_addtional_MACtext [out]
Pointer to the plain text data stream that was AES-GMAC protected. You
should call the helper function sgx_get_add_mac_txt_len to determine
the required buffer size to allocate.
p_additional_MACtext_length [in, out]
Pointer to the length of the plain text data stream in bytes. Upon successful
tag matching,sgx_unmac_datasets this parameter with the actual length of
the plaintext stored in p_additional_MACtext.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS

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The authentication tag in the sealed_data_t structure matches the expec-

ted value.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
This parameter indicates an error if the parameters do not meet any of the fol-
lowing conditions:
 l p_additional_MACtext buffers can be within or outside the enclave,
but cannot cross the enclave boundary.
 l p_addtitional_MACtext buffers must be big enough to receive the
plain text data.
 l p_sealed_data buffers must be within the enclave.
 l Input buffers cannot cross an enclave boundary.

SGX_ERROR_INVALID_CPUSVN
The CPUSVN in the data blob is beyond the CPUSVN value of the platform.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_ISVSVN
The ISVSVN in the data blob is greater than the ISVSVN value of the enclave.
SGX_ERROR_MAC_MISMATCH
The tag verification fails. The error may be caused by a platform update, soft-
ware update, or corruption of the sealed_data_t structure.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
The enclave is out of memory.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates a cryptography library failure.
Description
The sgx_unmac_aadata function verifies the tag with AES-GMAC. Use this
function to demonstrate the authenticity of data that was preserved by an
earlier instantiation of this enclave.
You need to allocate additional data buffer. To determine the minimum
memory to allocate for additional data buffers, use the helper function sgx_
get_add_mac_txt_len.
Requirements

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Header sgx_tseal.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_sha256_msg
The sgx_sha256_msg function performs a standard SHA256 hash over the
input data buffer.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_sha256_msg(
const uint8_t *p_src,
uint32_t src_len,
sgx_sha256_hash_t *p_hash
);
 
Parameters
p_src [in]
A pointer to the input data stream to be hashed. A zero length input buffer is
supported, but the pointer must be non-NULL.
src_len [in]
Specifies the length on the input data stream to be hashed. A zero length
input buffer is supported.
p_hash [out]
A pointer to the output 256bit hash resulting from the SHA256 calculation.
This pointer must be non-NULL and the caller allocates memory for this buffer.
 
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The SHA256 hash function is performed successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Input pointers are invalid.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.

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SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
The SHA256 hash calculation failed.
 
Description
The sgx_sha256_msg function performs a standard SHA256 hash over the
input data buffer. Only a 256-bit version of the SHA hash is supported. (Other
sizes, for example 512, are not supported in this minimal cryptography lib-
rary).
The function should be used if the complete input data stream is available.
Otherwise, the Init, Update… Update, Final procedure should be used to com-
pute a SHA256 bit hash over multiple input data sets.
A zero-length input data buffer is supported but the pointer must be non-
NULL.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib 

sgx_sha256_init
sgx_sha256_init returns an allocated and initialized SHA algorithm con-
text state. This should be part of the Init, Update … Update, Final process
when the SHA hash is to be performed over multiple datasets. If a complete
dataset is available, the recommend call is sgx_sha256_msg to perform the
hash in a single call.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_sha256_init(
sgx_sha_state_handle_t* p_sha_handle
);
 
Parameters
p_sha_handle [out]

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This is a handle to the context state used by the cryptography library to per-
form an iterative SHA256 hash. The algorithm stores the intermediate results
of performing the hash calculation over data sets.
 
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The SHA256 state is allocated and initialized properly.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The pointer p_sha_handle is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
The SHA256 state is not initialized properly due to an internal cryptography
library failure.
 
Description
Calling sgx_sha256_init is the first set in performing a SHA256 hash over
multiple datasets. The caller does not allocate memory for the SHA256 state
that this function returns. The state is specific to the implementation of the
cryptography library; thus the allocation is performed by the library itself. If
the hash over the desired datasets is completed or any error occurs during
the hash calculation process, sgx_sha256_close should be called to free
the state allocated by this algorithm.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_sha256_update
sgx_sha256_update performs a SHA256 hash over the input dataset
provided. This function supports an iterative calculation of the hash over mul-

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tiple datasets where the sha_handle contains the intermediate results of the
hash calculation over previous datasets.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_sha256_update(
const uint8_t *p_src,
uint32_t src_len,
sgx_sha_state_handle_t sha_handle
);
 
Parameters
p_src [in]
A pointer to the input data stream to be hashed. A zero length input buffer is
supported, but the pointer must be non-NULL.
src_len [in]
Specifies the length on the input data stream to be hashed. A zero length
input buffer is supported.
sha_handle [in]
This is a handle to the context state used by the cryptography library to per-
form an iterative SHA256 hash. The algorithm stores the intermediate results
of performing the hash calculation over multiple data sets.
 
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The input parameter(s) are NULL.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An internal cryptography library failure occurred while performing the
SHA256 hash calculation.
 
Description

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This function should be used as part of a SHA256 calculation over multiple

datasets. If a SHA256 hash is needed over a single data set, function sgx_
sha256_msg should be used instead. Prior to calling this function on the first
dataset, the sgx_sha256_init function must be called first to allocate and ini-
tialize the SHA256 state structure which will hold intermediate hash results
over earlier datasets. The function sgx_sha256_get_hash should be used
to obtain the hash after the final dataset has been processed by this function.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_sha256_get_hash
sgx_sha256_get_hash obtains the SHA256 hash after the final dataset has
been processed (by calls to sgx_sha256_update).
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_sha256_get_hash(
sgx_sha_state_handle_t sha_handle,
sgx_sha256_hash_t* p_hash
);
Parameters
sha_handle [in]
This is a handle to the context state used by the cryptography library to per-
form an iterative SHA256 hash. The algorithm stores the intermediate results
of performing the hash calculation over multiple datasets.
p_hash [out]
This is a pointer to the 256-bit hash that has been calculated. The memory for
the hash should be allocated by the calling code.
 
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The hash is obtained successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER

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The pointers are NULL.

SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
The SHA256 state passed in is likely problematic causing an internal cryp-
tography library failure.
 
Description
This function returns the hash after performing the SHA256 calculation over
one or more datasets using the sgx_sha256_update function. Memory for
the hash should be allocated by the calling function. The handle to SHA256
state used in the sgx_sha256_update calls must be passed in as input.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_sha256_close
sgx_sha256_close cleans up and deallocates the SHA256 state that was
allocated in function sgx_sha256_init.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_sha256_close(
sgx_sha_state_handle_t sha_handle
);
 
Parameters
sha_handle [in]
This is a handle to the context state used by the cryptography library to per-
form an iterative SHA256 hash. The algorithm stores the intermediate results
of performing the hash calculation over data sets.
 
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The SHA256 state was deallocated successfully.

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SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The input handle is NULL.
 
Description
Calling sgx_sha256_close is the last step after performing a SHA256 hash
over multiple datasets. The caller uses this function to deallocate memory
used to store the SHA256 calculation state.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_rijndael128GCM_encrypt
sgx_rijndael128GCM_encrypt performs a Rijndael AES-GCM encryption
operation. Only a 128bit key size is supported by this Intel® SGX SDK cryp-
tography library.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_rijndael128GCM_encrypt(
const sgx_aes_gcm_128bit_key_t *p_key,
const uint8_t *p_src,
uint32_t src_len,
uint8_t *p_dst,
const uint8_t *p_iv,
uint32_t iv_len,
const uint8_t *p_aad,
uint32_t aad_len,
sgx_aes_gcm_128bit_tag_t *p_out_mac
);
Parameters
p_key [in]
A pointer to key to be used in the AES-GCM encryption operation. The size
must be 128 bits.
p_src [in]
A pointer to the input data stream to be encrypted. Buffer could be NULL if
there is AAD text.

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src_len [in]
Specifies the length on the input data stream to be encrypted. This could be
zero but p_src and p_dst should be NULL and aad_len must be greater
than zero.
p_dst [out]
A pointer to the output encrypted data buffer. This buffer should be allocated
by the calling code.
p_iv [in]
A pointer to the initialization vector to be used in the AES-GCM calculation.
NIST AES-GCM recommended IV size is 96 bits (12 bytes).
iv_len [in]
Specifies the length on input initialization vector. The length should be 12 as
recommended by NIST.
p_aad [in]
A pointer to an optional additional authentication data buffer which is used in
the GCM MAC calculation. The data in this buffer will not be encrypted. The
field is optional and could be NULL.
aad_len [in]
Specifies the length of the additional authentication data buffer. This buffer is
optional and thus the size can be zero.
p_out_mac [out]
This is the output GCM MAC performed over the input data buffer (data to be
encrypted) as well as the additional authentication data (this is optional data).
The calling code should allocate this buffer.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
If key, MAC, or IV pointer is NULL.
If AAD size is > 0 and the AAD pointer is NULL.
If source size is > 0 and the source pointer or destination pointer are NULL.

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If both source pointer and AAD pointer are NULL.

If IV Length is not equal to 12 (bytes).
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An internal cryptography library failure occurred.
Description
The Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) is a mode of operation of the AES algorithm.
GCM [NIST SP 800-38D] uses a variation of the counter mode of operation for
encryption. GCM assures authenticity of the confidential data (of up to about
64 GB per invocation) using a universal hash function defined over a binary
finite field (the Galois field).
GCM can also provide authentication assurance for additional data (of prac-
tically unlimited length per invocation) that is not encrypted. GCM provides
stronger authentication assurance than a (non-cryptographic) checksum or
error detecting code. In particular, GCM can detect both accidental modi-
fications of the data and intentional, unauthorized modifications.
It is recommended that the source and destination data buffers are allocated
within the enclave. The AAD buffer could be allocated within or outside
enclave memory. The use of AAD data buffer could be information identifying
the encrypted data since it will remain in clear text.
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_rijndael128GCM_decrypt
sgx_rijndael128GCM_decrypt performs a Rijndael AES-GCM decryption
operation. Only a 128bit key size is supported by this Intel® SGX SDK cryp-
tography library.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_rijndael128GCM_decrypt(
const sgx_aes_gcm_128bit_key_t *p_key,
const uint8_t *p_src,
uint32_t src_len,

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uint8_t *p_dst,
const uint8_t *p_iv,
uint32_t iv_len,
const uint8_t *p_aad,
uint32_t aad_len,
const sgx_aes_gcm_128bit_tag_t *p_in_mac
);
 
Parameters
p_key [in]
A pointer to key to be used in the AES-GCM decryption operation. The size
must be 128 bits.
p_src [in]
A pointer to the input data stream to be decrypted. Buffer could be NULL if
there is AAD text.
src_len [in]
Specifies the length on the input data stream to be decrypted. This could be
zero but p_src and p_dst should be NULL and aad_len must be greater
than zero.
p_dst [out]
A pointer to the output decrypted data buffer. This buffer should be allocated
by the calling code.
p_iv [in]
A pointer to the initialization vector to be used in the AES-GCM calculation.
NIST AES-GCM recommended IV size is 96 bits (12 bytes).
iv_len [in]
Specifies the length on input initialization vector. The length should be 12 as
recommended by NIST.
p_aad [in]
A pointer to an optional additional authentication data buffer which is
provided for the GCM MAC calculation when encrypting. The data in this buf-
fer was not encrypted. The field is optional and could be NULL.
aad_len [in]

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Specifies the length of the additional authentication data buffer. This buffer is
optional and thus the size can be zero.
p_in_mac [in]
This is the GCM MAC that was performed over the input data buffer (data to
be encrypted) as well as the additional authentication data (this is optional
data) during the encryption process (call to sgx_rijndael128GCM_
encrypt).
 
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
If key, MAC, or IV pointer is NULL.
If AAD size is > 0 and the AAD pointer is NULL.
If source size is > 0 and the source pointer or destination pointer are NULL.
If both source pointer and AAD pointer are NULL.
If IV Length is not equal to 12 (bytes).
SGX_ERROR_MAC_MISMATCH
The input MAC does not match the MAC calculated.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An internal cryptography library failure occurred.
 
Description
The Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) is a mode of operation of the AES algorithm.
GCM [NIST SP 800-38D] uses a variation of the counter mode of operation for
encryption. GCM assures authenticity of the confidential data (of up to about
64 GB per invocation) using a universal hash function defined over a binary
finite field (the Galois field).

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GCM can also provide authentication assurance for additional data (of prac-
tically unlimited length per invocation) that is not encrypted. GCM provides
stronger authentication assurance than a (non-cryptographic) checksum or
error detecting code. In particular, GCM can detect both accidental modi-
fications of the data and intentional, unauthorized modifications.
It is recommended that the destination data buffer is allocated within the
enclave. The AAD buffer could be allocated within or outside enclave memory.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_rijndael128_cmac_msg
The sgx_rijndael128_cmac_msg function performs a standard 128bit
CMAC hash over the input data buffer.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_rijndael128_cmac_msg(
const sgx_cmac_128bit_key_t *p_key,
const uint8_t *p_src,
uint32_t src_len,
sgx_cmac_128bit_tag_t *p_mac
);
 
Parameters
p_key [in]
A pointer to key to be used in the CMAC hash operation. The size must be 128
bits.
p_src [in]
A pointer to the input data stream to be hashed. A zero length input buffer is
supported, but the pointer must be non-NULL.
src_len [in]
Specifies the length on the input data stream to be hashed. A zero length
input buffer is supported.
p_mac [out]

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A pointer to the output 128-bit hash resulting from the CMAC calculation. This
pointer must be non-NULL and the caller allocates memory for this buffer.
 
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The CMAC hash function is performed successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The key, source or MAC pointer is NULL.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An unexpected internal cryptography library.
 
Description
The sgx_rijndael128_cmac_msg function performs a standard CMAC
hash over the input data buffer. Only a 128-bit version of the CMAC hash is
supported.
The function should be used if the complete input data stream is available.
Otherwise, the Init, Update… Update, Final procedure should be used to com-
pute a CMAC hash over multiple input data sets.
A zero-length input data buffer is supported, but the pointer must be non-
NULL.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_cmac128_init
sgx_cmac128_init returns an allocated and initialized CMAC algorithm con-
text state. This should be part of the Init, Update … Update, Final process
when the CMAC hash is to be performed over multiple datasets. If a complete

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dataset is available, the recommended call is sgx_rijndael128_cmac_

msg to perform the hash in a single call.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_cmac128_init(
const sgx_cmac_128bit_key_t *p_key,
sgx_cmac_state_handle_t* p_cmac_handle
);
 
Parameters
p_key [in]
A pointer to key to be used in the CMAC hash operation. The size must be 128
bits.
p_cmac_handle [out]
This is a handle to the context state used by the cryptography library to per-
form an iterative CMAC 128-bit hash. The algorithm stores the intermediate
results of performing the hash calculation over data sets.
 
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The CMAC hash state is successfully allocated and initialized.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The key or handle pointer is NULL.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An internal cryptography library failure occurred.
 
Description
Calling sgx_cmac128_init is the first set in performing a CMAC 128-bit
hash over multiple datasets. The caller does not allocate memory for the
CMAC state that this function returns. The state is specific to the

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implementation of the cryptography library and thus the allocation is per-

formed by the library itself. If the hash over the desired datasets is completed
or any error occurs during the hash calculation process, sgx_cmac128_close
should be called to free the state allocated by this algorithm.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_cmac128_update
sgx_cmac128_update performs a CMAC 128-bit hash over the input data-
set provided. This function supports an iterative calculation of the hash over
multiple datasets where the cmac_handle contains the intermediate results of
the hash calculation over previous datasets.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_cmac128_update(
const uint8_t *p_src,
uint32_t src_len,
sgx_cmac_state_handle_t cmac_handle
);
 
Parameters
p_src [in]
A pointer to the input data stream to be hashed. A zero length input buffer is
supported, but the pointer must be non-NULL.
src_len [in]
Specifies the length on the input data stream to be hashed. A zero length
input buffer is supported.
cmac_handle [in]
This is a handle to the context state used by the cryptography library to per-
form an iterative CMAC hash. The algorithm stores the intermediate results of
performing the hash calculation over multiple data sets.
Return value

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SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The source pointer or cmac handle is NULL.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An internal cryptography library failure occurred while performing the CMAC
hash calculation.

NOTE:
If an unexpected error occurs, then the CMAC state is not freed (CMAC
handle). In this case, call sgx_cmac128_close to free the CMAC state to
avoid memory leak.
Description
This function should be used as part of a CMAC 128-bit hash calculation over
multiple datasets. If a CMAC hash is needed over a single data set, function
sgx_rijndael128_cmac128_msg should be used instead. Prior to calling
this function on the first dataset, the sgx_cmac128_init function must be
called first to allocate and initialize the CMAC state structure which will hold
intermediate hash results over earlier datasets. The function sgx_cmac128_
final should be used to obtain the hash after the final dataset has been pro-
cessed by this function.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_cmac128_final
sgx_cmac128_final obtains the CMAC 128-bit hash after the final dataset
has been processed (by calls to sgx_cmac128_update).
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_cmac128_final(

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sgx_cmac_state_handle_t cmac_handle,
sgx_cmac_128bit_tag_t* p_hash
);
 
Parameters
cmac_handle [in]
This is a handle to the context state used by the cryptography library to per-
form an iterative CMAC hash. The algorithm stores the intermediate results of
performing the hash calculation over multiple data sets.
p_hash [out]
This is a pointer to the 128-bit hash that has been calculated. The memory for
the hash should be allocated by the calling code.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The hash is obtained successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The hash pointer or CMAC handle is NULL.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
The CMAC state passed in is likely problematic causing an internal cryp-
tography library failure.

NOTE:
If an unexpected error occurs, then the CMAC state is freed (CMAC handle). In
this case, please call sgx_cmac128_close to free the CMAC state to avoid
memory leak.
Description
This function returns the hash after performing the CMAC 128-bit hash cal-
culation over one or more datasets using the sgx_cmac128_update func-
tion. Memory for the hash should be allocated by the calling code. The handle
to CMAC state used in the sgx_cmac128_update calls must be passed in
as input.

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Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_cmac128_close
sgx_cmac128_close cleans up and deallocates the CMAC algorithm con-
text state that was allocated in function sgx_cmac128_init.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_cmac128_close(
sgx_cmac_state_handle_t cmac_handle
);
 
Parameters
cmac_handle [in]
This is a handle to the context state used by the cryptography library to per-
form an iterative CMAC hash. The algorithm stores the intermediate results of
performing the hash calculation over multiple data sets.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The CMAC state was deallocated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The CMAC handle is NULL.
Description
Calling sgx_cmac128_close is the last step after performing a CMAC hash
over multiple datasets. The caller uses this function to deallocate memory
used for storing the CMAC algorithm context state.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

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sgx_aes_ctr_encrypt
sgx_aes_ctr_encrypt performs a Rijndael AES-CTR encryption operation
(counter mode). Only a 128bit key size is supported by this Intel® SGX SDK
cryptography library.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_aes_ctr_encrypt(
const sgx_aes_ctr_128bit_key_t *p_key,
const uint8_t *p_src,
const uint32_t src_len,
uint8_t *p_ctr,
const uint32_t ctr_inc_bits,
uint8_t *p_dst,
);
 
Parameters
p_key [in]
A pointer to key to be used in the AES-CTR encryption operation. The size
must be 128 bits.
p_src [in]
A pointer to the input data stream to be encrypted.
src_len [in]
Specifies the length on the input data stream to be encrypted.
p_ctr [in]
A pointer to the initialization vector to be used in the AES-CTR calculation.
ctr_inc_bits [in]
Specifies the number of bits in the counter to be incremented.
p_dst [out]
A pointer to the output encrypted data buffer. This buffer should be allocated
by the calling code.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER

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If key, source, destination, or counter pointer is NULL.

SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An internal cryptography library failure occurred.
 
Description
This function encrypts the input data stream of a variable length according to
the CTR mode as specified in [NIST SP 800-38A]. The counter can be thought
of as an IV which increments on successive encryption or decryption calls. For
a given dataset or data stream, the incremented counter block should be used
on successive calls of the encryption process for that given stream. However,
for new or different datasets/streams, the same counter should not be reused,
instead initialize the counter for the new data set.
It is recommended that the source, destination and counter data buffers are
allocated within the enclave.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_aes_ctr_decrypt
sgx_aes_ctr_decrypt performs a Rijndael AES-CTR decryption operation
(counter mode). Only a 128bit key size is supported by this Intel® SGX SDK
cryptography library.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_aes_ctr_decrypt(
const sgx_aes_gcm_128bit_key_t *p_key,
const uint8_t *p_src,
const uint32_t src_len,
uint8_t *p_ctr,
const uint32_t ctr_inc_bits,
uint8_t *p_dst
);
 

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Parameters
p_key [in]
A pointer to key to be used in the AES-CTR decryption operation. The size
must be 128 bits.
p_src [in]
A pointer to the input data stream to be decrypted.
src_len [in]
Specifies the length of the input data stream to be decrypted.
p_ctr [in]
A pointer to the initialization vector to be used in the AES-CTR calculation.
ctr_inc_bits [in]
Specifies the number of bits in the counter to be incremented.
p_dst [out]
A pointer to the output decrypted data buffer. This buffer should be allocated
by the calling code.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
If key, source, destination, or counter pointer is NULL.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An internal cryptography library failure occurred.
 
Description
This function decrypts the input data stream of a variable length according to
the CTR mode as specified in [NIST SP 800-38A]. The counter can be thought
of as an IV which increments on successive encryption or decryption calls. For

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a given dataset or data stream, the incremented counter block should be used
on successive calls of the decryption process for that given stream. However,
for new or different datasets/streams, the same counter should not be reused,
instead initialize the counter for the new data set.
It is recommended that the source, destination and counter data buffers are
allocated within the enclave.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_ecc256_open_context
sgx_ecc256_open_context returns an allocated and initialized context
for the elliptic curve cryptosystem over a prime finite field, GF(p). This context
must be created prior to calling sgx_ecc256_create_key_pair or sgx_
ecc256_compute_shared_dhkey. When the calling code has completed
its set of ECC operations, sgx_ecc256_close_context should be called to
cleanup and deallocate the ECC context.

NOTE:
Only a field element size of 256 bits is supported.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_ecc256_open_context(
sgx_ecc_state_handle_t *p_ecc_handle
);
 
Parameters
p_ecc_handle [out]
This is a handle to the ECC GF(p) context state allocated and initialized used
to perform elliptic curve cryptosystem standard functions. The algorithm
stores the intermediate results of calculations performed using this context.

NOTE:
The ECC set of APIs only support a 256-bit GF(p) cryptography system.
Return value

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SGX_SUCCESS
The ECC256 GF(p) state is allocated and initialized properly.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The ECC context handle is NULL.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
The ECC context state was not initialized properly due to an internal cryp-
tography library failure.
Description
sgx_ecc256_open_context is utilized to allocate and initialize a 256-bit
GF(p) cryptographic system. The caller does not allocate memory for the ECC
state that this function returns. The state is specific to the implementation of
the cryptography library and thus the allocation is performed by the library
itself. If the ECC cryptographic function using this cryptographic system is com-
pleted or any error occurs, sgx_sha256_close_context should be called
to free the state allocated by this algorithm.
Public key cryptography successfully allows to solving problems of information
safety by enabling trusted communication over insecure channels. Although
elliptic curves are well studied as a branch of mathematics, an interest to the
cryptographic schemes based on elliptic curves is constantly rising due to the
advantages that the elliptic curve algorithms provide in the wireless com-
munications: shorter processing time and key length.
Elliptic curve cryptosystems (ECCs) implement a different way of creating pub-
lic keys. As elliptic curve calculation is based on the addition of the rational
points in the (x,y) plane and it is difficult to solve a discrete logarithm from
these points, a higher level of safety is achieved through the cryptographic
schemes that use the elliptic curves. The cryptographic systems that encrypt
messages by using the properties of elliptic curves are hard to attack due to
the extreme complexity of deciphering the private key.
Using of elliptic curves allows shorter public key length and encourages cryp-
tographers to create cryptosystems with the same or higher encryption
strength as the RSA or DSA cryptosystems. Because of the relatively short key
length, ECCs do encryption and decryption faster on the hardware that
requires less computation processing volumes.

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Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_ecc256_close_context
sgx_ecc256_close_context cleans up and deallocates the ECC 256 GF
(p) state that was allocated in function sgx_ecc256_open_context.

NOTE:
Only a field element size of 256 bits is supported.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_ecc256_close_context(
sgx_ecc_state_handle_t ecc_handle
);
 
Parameters
ecc_handle [in]
This is a handle to the ECC GF(p) context state allocated and initialized used
to perform elliptic curve cryptosystem standard functions. The algorithm
stores the intermediate results of calculations performed using this context.

NOTE:
The ECC set of APIs only support a 256-bit GF(p) cryptography system.
 
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The ECC 256 GF(p) state was deallocated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The input handle is NULL.
Description

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sgx_ecc256_close_context is used by calling code to deallocate

memory used for storing the ECC 256 GF(p) state used in ECC cryptographic
calculations.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_ecc256_create_key_pair
sgx_ecc256_create_key_pair generates a private/public key pair on
the ECC curve for the given cryptographic system. The calling code is respons-
ible for allocating memory for the public and private keys.  sgx_ecc256_
open_context must be called to allocate and initialize the ECC context prior
to making this call.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_ecc256_create_key_pair(
sgx_ec256_private_t *p_private,
sgx_ec256_public_t *p_public,
sgx_ecc_state_handle_t ecc_handle
);
 
Parameters
p_private [out]
A pointer to the private key which is a number that lies in the range of [1, n-1]
where n is the order of the elliptic curve base point.

NOTE:
Value is LITTLE ENDIAN.
p_public [out]
A pointer to the public key which is an elliptic curve point such that:
public key = private key * G, where G is the base point of the elliptic curve.

NOTE:
Value is LITTLE ENDIAN.
ecc_handle [in]

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This is a handle to the ECC GF(p) context state allocated and initialized used
to perform elliptic curve cryptosystem standard functions. The algorithm
stores the intermediate results of calculations performed using this context.

NOTE:
The ECC set of APIs only support a 256-bit GF(p) cryptography system.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The public/private key pair was successfully generated.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The ECC context handle, private key or public key is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
The key creation process failed due to an internal cryptography library failure.
Description
This function populates private/public key pair. The calling code allocates
memory for the private and public key pointers to be populated. The function
generates a private key p_private and computes a public key p_public of
the elliptic cryptosystem over a finite field GF(p).
The private key p_private is a number that lies in the range of [1, n-1]
where n is the order of the elliptic curve base point.
The public key p_public is an elliptic curve point such that p_public = 
p_private *G, where G is the base point of the elliptic curve.
The context of the point p_public as an elliptic curve point must be created
by using the function sgx_ecc256_open_context.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

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sgx_ecc256_compute_shared_dhkey
sgx_ecc256_compute_shared_dhkey generates a secret key shared
between two participants of the cryptosystem. The calling code should alloc-
ate memory for the shared key to be generated by this function.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_ecc256_compute_shared_dhkey(
sgx_ec256_private_t *p_private_b,
sgx_ec256_public_t *p_public_ga,
sgx_ec256_dh_shared_t *p_shared_key,
sgx_ecc_state_handle_t ecc_handle
);
 
Parameters
p_private_b [in]
A pointer to the local private key.

NOTE:
Value is LITTLE ENDIAN.
p_public_ga [in]
A pointer to the remote public key.

NOTE:
Value is LITTLE ENDIAN.
p_shared_key [out]
A pointer to the secret key generated by this function which is a common
point on the elliptic curve.

NOTE:
Value is LITTLE ENDIAN.
ecc_handle [in]
This is a handle to the ECC GF(p) context state allocated and initialized used
to perform elliptic curve cryptosystem standard functions. The algorithm
stores the intermediate results of calculations performed using this context.

NOTE:
The ECC set of APIs only support a 256-bit GF(p) cryptography system.

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Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The public/private key pair was successfully generated.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The ECC context handle, private key, public key, or shared key pointer is NULL.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
The key creation process failed due to an internal cryptography library failure.
Description
This function computes the Diffie-Hellman shared key based on the enclave’s
own (local) private key and remote enclave’s public Ga Key. The calling code
allocates memory for shared key to be populated by this function.
The function computes a secret number sharedKey, which is a secret key
shared between two participants of the cryptosystem.
In cryptography, metasyntactic names such as Alice as Bob are normally used
as examples and in discussions and stand for participant A and participant B.
Both participants (Alice and Bob) use the cryptosystem for receiving a com-
mon secret point on the elliptic curve called a secret key (sharedKey). To
receive a secret key, participants apply the Diffie-Hellman key-agreement
scheme involving public key exchange. The value of the secret key entirely
depends on participants.
According to the scheme, Alice and Bob perform the following operations:
1. Alice calculates her own public key pubKeyA by using her private key
privKeyA: pubKeyA = privKeyA * G, where G is the base point of the
elliptic curve.
2. Alice passes the public key to Bob.
3. Bob calculates his own public key pubKeyB by using his private key
privKeyB: pubKeyB = privKeyB * G, where G is a base point of the elliptic
curve.
4. Bob passes the public key to Alice.

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5. Alice gets Bob's public key and calculates the secret point shareKeyA. When
calculating, she uses her own private key and Bob's public key and applies the
following formula:
shareKeyA = privKeyA * pubKeyB = privKeyA * privKeyB * 
G.
6. Bob gets Alice's public key and calculates the secret point shareKeyB. When
calculating, he uses his own private key and Alice's public key and applies the
following formula:
shareKeyB = privKeyB * pubKeyA = privKeyB * privKeyA * 
G.
As the following equation is true privKeyA * privKeyB   * G = 
privKeyB * privKeyA * G, the result of both calculations is the same,
that is, the equation shareKeyA = shareKeyB is true. The secret point serves as
a secret key.
Shared secret shareKey is an x-coordinate of the secret point on the elliptic
curve. The elliptic curve domain parameters must be hitherto defined by the
function: sgx_ecc256_open_context.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_ecc256_check_point
sgx_ecc256_check_point checks whether the input point is a valid point
on the ECC curve for the given cryptographic system. sgx_ecc256_open_
context must be called to allocate and initialize the ECC context prior to
making this call.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_ecc256_check_point(
const sgx_ec256_public_t *p_point,
const sgx_ecc_state_handle_t ecc_handle,
int *p_valid
);
 
Parameters

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p_point [in]
A pointer to the point to perform validity check on.

NOTE:
Value is LITTLE ENDIAN.
ecc_handle [in]
This is a handle to the ECC GF(p) context state allocated and initialized used
to perform elliptic curve cryptosystem standard functions. The algorithm
stores the intermediate results of calculations performed using this context.

NOTE:
The ECC set of APIs only support a 256-bit GF(p) cryptography system.
p_valid [out]
A pointer to the validation result.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The validation process is performed successfully. Check p_valid to get the val-
idation result.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
If the input ecc handle, p_point or p_valid is NULL.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An internal cryptography library failure occurred.
Description
sgx_ecc256_check_point validates whether the input point is a valid
point on the ECC curve for the given cryptographic system.
The typical validation result is one of the two values:
1 - The input point is valid
0 – The input point is not valid
Requirements

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_ecdsa_sign
sgx_ecdsa_sign computes a digital signature with a given private key over
an input dataset.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_ecdsa_sign(
const uint8_t *p_data,
uint32_t data_size,
sgx_ec256_private_t *p_private,
sgx_ec256_signature_t *p_signature,
sgx_ecc_state_handle_t ecc_handle
);
 
Parameters
p_data [in]
A pointer to the data to calculate the signature over.
data_size [in]
The size of the data to be signed.
p_private [in]
A pointer to the private key.

NOTE:
Value is LITTLE ENDIAN.
p_signature [out]
A pointer to the signature generated by this function.

NOTE:
Value is LITTLE ENDIAN.
ecc_handle [in]
This is a handle to the ECC GF(p) context state allocated and initialized used
to perform elliptic curve cryptosystem standard functions. The algorithm
stores the intermediate results of calculations performed using this context.

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NOTE:
The ECC set of APIs only support a 256-bit GF(p) cryptography system.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The digital signature is successfully generated.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The ECC context handle, private key, data, or signature pointer is NULL. Or the
data size is 0.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
The signature generation process failed due to an internal cryptography lib-
rary failure.
Description
This function computes a digital signature over the input dataset based on the
input private key.
A message digest is a fixed size number derived from the original message
with an applied hash function over the binary code of the message. (SHA256
in this case)
The signer's private key and the message digest are used to create a sig-
nature.
A digital signature over a message consists of a pair of large numbers, 256-bits
each, which the given function computes.
The scheme used for computing a digital signature is of the ECDSA scheme, an
elliptic curve of the DSA scheme.
The keys can be generated and set up by the function: sgx_ecc256_cre-
ate_key_pair.
The elliptic curve domain parameters must be created by function: sgx_
ecc256_open_context.
 
Requirements

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_ecdsa_verify
sgx_ecdsa_verify verifies the input digital signature with a given public
key over an input dataset.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_ecdsa_verify(
const uint8_t *p_data,
uint32_t data_size,
const sgx_ec256_public_t *p_public,
sgx_ec256_signature_t *p_signature,
uint8_t *p_result,
sgx_ecc_state_handle_t ecc_handle
);
 
Parameters
p_data [in]
Pointer to the signed dataset to verify.
data_size [in]
Size of the dataset to have its signature verified.
p_public [in]
Pointer to the public key to be used in the calculation of the signature.

NOTE:
Value is LITTLE ENDIAN.
p_signature [in]
Pointer to the signature to be verified.

NOTE:
Value is LITTLE ENDIAN.
p_result [out]
Pointer to the result of the verification check populated by this function.
ecc_handle [in]

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Handle to the ECC GF(p) context state allocated and initialized used to per-
form elliptic curve cryptosystem standard functions. The algorithm stores the
intermediate results of calculations performed using this context.

NOTE:
The ECC set of APIs only support a 256-bit GF(p) cryptography system.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Digital signature verification was performed successfully. Check p_result to get
the verification result.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The ECC context handle, public key, data, result or signature pointer is NULL,
or the data size is 0.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Verification process failed due to an internal cryptography library failure.
Description
This function verifies the signature for the given data set based on the input
public key.
A digital signature over a message consists of a pair of large numbers, 256-bits
each, which could be created by function: sgx_ecdsa_sign. The scheme
used for computing a digital signature is of the ECDSA scheme, an elliptic
curve of the DSA scheme.
The typical result of the digital signature verification is one of the two values:
SGX_EC_VALID - Digital signature is valid
SGX_EC_INVALID_SIGNATURE - Digital signature is not valid
The elliptic curve domain parameters must be created by function: sgx_
ecc256_open_context.
 
Requirements

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_rsa3072_sign
sgx_rsa3072_sign computes a digital signature for a given dataset based
on RSA 3072 private key.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_rsa3072_sign(
const uint8_t *p_data,
uint32_t data_size,
const sgx_rsa3072_key_t *p_key,
sgx_rsa3072_signature_t *p_signature
);
 
Parameters
p_data [in]
A pointer to the data to calculate the signature over.
data_size [in]
The size of the data to be signed.
p_key [in]
A pointer to the RSA key.

NOTE:
Value is LITTLE ENDIAN.
p_signature [out]
A pointer to the signature generated by this function.

NOTE:
Value is LITTLE ENDIAN.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The digital signature is successfully generated.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER

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The private key, data, or signature pointer is NULL. Or the data size is 0.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
The signature generation process failed due to an internal cryptography lib-
rary failure.
Description
This function computes a digital signature over the input dataset based on the
RSA 3072 key.
A message digest is a fixed size number derived from the original message
with an applied hash function over the binary code of the message. (SHA256
in this case)
The signer's private key and the message digest are used to create a sig-
nature.
The scheme used for computing a digital signature is of the RSASSA-PKCS1-
v1_5 scheme.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_rsa3072_verify
sgx_rsa3072_verify verifies the input digital signature for the given data-
set based on the RSA 3072 public key.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_rsa3072_verify(
const uint8_t *p_data,
uint32_t data_size,
const sgx_rsa3072_public_key_t *p_public,
const sgx_rsa3072_signature_t *p_signature,
sgx_rsa_result_t *p_result
);
 

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Parameters
p_data [in]
A pointer to the signed dataset to be verified.
data_size [in]
The size of the dataset to have its signature verified.
p_public [in]
A pointer to the public key to be used in the calculation of the signature.

NOTE:
Value is LITTLE ENDIAN.
p_signature [in]
A pointer to the signature to be verified.

NOTE:
Value is LITTLE ENDIAN.
p_result [out]
A pointer to the result of the verification check populated by this function.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The digital signature verification was performed successfully. Check p_result
to get the verification result.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The public key, data, result or signature pointer is NULL or the data size is 0.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
The verification process failed due to an internal cryptography library failure.
Description
This function verifies the signature for the given data set based on the input
RSA 3072 public key.

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A digital signature over a message is a buffer of 384-bytes, which could be cre-

ated by function: sgx_rsa3072_sign. The scheme used for computing a
digital signature is of the RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 scheme.
The typical result of the digital signature verification is one of the two values:
SGX_RSA_VALID - Digital signature is valid
SGX_RSA_INVALID_SIGNATURE - Digital signature is not valid
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_create_rsa_key_pair
sgx_create_rsa_key_pair generates public and private key pairs for the
RSA cryptographic algorithm with input key size and extracts each part of the
key pair to the prepared buffers.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_create_rsa_key_pair(
int n_byte_size, 
int e_byte_size, 
unsigned char *p_n, 
unsigned char *p_d, 
unsigned char *p_e,
unsigned char *p_p, 
unsigned char *p_q, 
unsigned char *p_dmp1,
unsigned char *p_dmq1, 
unsigned char *p_iqmp);

Parameters
n_byte_size [in]
Size in bytes of the RSA key modulus.
e_byte_size [in]
Size in bytes of the RSA public exponent.
p_n [out]
Pointer to the generated RSA modulus.
p_d [out]

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Pointer to the generated RSA private exponent.

p_e [in, out]
Pointer to the generated RSA private exponent.
p_p [out]
Pointer to the RSA key factor p.
p_q [out]
Pointer to the RSA key factor q.
p_dmp1 [out]
Pointer to the RSA key factor dmp1.
p_dmq1 [out]
Pointer to the RSA key factor dmq1.
p_iqmp [out]
Pointer to the RSA key factor iqmp.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
RSA key pair is successfully generated.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Some of the pointers are NULL, or the input size is less than 0.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Unexpected error occurred during the RSA key pair generation.
Description
This function generates public and private key pairs for the RSA cryptographic
algorithm and extracts each part of the key pair to the prepared buffers. If the
RSA public exponent is specified, this function utilizes the speicified RSA pub-
lic exponent to the generated RSA key pair.
Before calling the function, you need to allocate memory for all the RSA key
components (n, d, e, p, q, dmp1, dmq1, iqmp).
 
Requirements

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Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_create_rsa_priv2_key
sgx_create_rsa_priv2_key generates a private key for the RSA cryp-
tographic algorithm with the input RSA key components.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_create_rsa_priv2_key(
int mod_size, 
int exp_size, 
const unsigned char *p_rsa_key_e, 
const unsigned char *p_rsa_key_p, 
const unsigned char *p_rsa_key_q,
const unsigned char *p_rsa_key_dmp1, 
const unsigned char *p_rsa_key_dmq1, 
const unsigned char *p_rsa_key_iqmp,
void **new_pri_key2
);
Parameters
mod_size [in]
Size in bytes of the RSA key modulus.
exp_size [in]
Size in bytes of the RSA public exponent.
p_rsa_key_e [in]
Pointer to the RSA public exponent buffer.
p_rsa_key_p [in]
Pointer to the prime number p.
p_rsa_key_q [in]
Pointer to the prime number q.
p_rsa_key_dmp1 [in]
Pointer to the RSA factor dmp1. dmp1=q mod (p-1)
p_rsa_key_dmq1 [in]
Pointer to the RSA factor dmq1. dmq1=p mod (q-1)

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p_rsa_key_iqmp [in]
Pointer to the RSA factor iqmp. iqmp=q^-1 mod p
new_pri_key2 [out]
Pointer to the generated RSA private key.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
RSA private key is successfully generated.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Some of the pointers are NULL, or the input size is less than 0.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Unexpected error occurred during the RSA private key generation.
Description
This function generates a private key for the RSA cryptographic algorithm with
the input RSA key components ( p, q, dmp1, dmq1, iqmp).
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_create_rsa_pub1_key
sgx_create_rsa_pub1_key generates a public key for the RSA cryp-
tographic algorithm with the input RSA key components.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_create_rsa_pub1_key(
int mod_size, 
int exp_size, 
const unsigned char *le_n, 
const unsigned char *le_e, 
void **new_pub_key1
);
Parameters
mod_size [in]

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Size in bytes of the RSA key modulus.

exp_size [in]
Size in bytes of the RSA public exponent.
le_n [in]
Pointer to the RSA modulus buffer.
le_e [in]
Pointer to the RSA public exponent buffer.
new_pub_key1 [out]
Pointer to the generated RSA public key.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
RSA public key is successfully generated.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Some of the pointers are NULL, or the input size is less than 0.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Unexpected error occurred during the RSA public key generation.
Description
This function generates a public key for the RSA cryptographic algorithm with
the input RSA key components (n, e).
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_free_rsa_key
sgx_free_rsa_keycleans up and deallocates the input RSA key.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_free_rsa_key(
void *p_rsa_key, 
sgx_rsa_key_type_t key_type, 

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int mod_size, 
int exp_size
);
Parameters
p_rsa_key [in]
Pointer to the RSA key.
key_type [in]
RSA key type .
mod_size[in]
Size in bytes for the RSA key modules.
exp_size[in]
Size in bytes of the RSA public exponent.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
RSA key is successfully cleaned up.
Description
This function clears the RSA key generated by one of the following APIs:
sgx_create_rsa_key_pair
sgx_create_rsa_priv2_key
sgx_create_rsa_pub1_key
You can use this function to deallocate the memory used for storing the RSA
key.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_rsa_pub_encrypt_sha256
sgx_rsa_pub_encrypt_sha256 performs the RSA-OAEP encryption oper-
ation with the SHA-256 algorithm.
Syntax

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sgx_status_t sgx_rsa_pub_encrypt_sha256(
void* rsa_key, 
unsigned char* pout_data, 
size_t* pout_len, 
const unsigned char* pin_data, 
const size_t pin_len
);
Parameters
rsa_key [in]
Pointer to the RSA public key.
pout_data [out]
Pointer to the output cipher text buffer.
pout_len [out]
Length of the output cipher text buffer.
pin_data [in]
Pointer to the input data buffer.
pin_len [in]
Length of the input data buffer.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Some of the pointers are NULL, or the input data size is 0.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Unexpected error occurred during the encryption operation.
Description
This function carries out the RSA-OAEP encryption scheme with the SHA256
algorithm to encrypt the input data stream of a variable length.
You should allocate the source, destination, and counter data buffers within
the enclave.
 

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Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_rsa_priv_decrypt_sha256
sgx_rsa_priv_decrypt_sha256 performs the RSA-OAEP decryption
operation with the SHA-256 algorithm.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_rsa_priv_decrypt_sha256(
void* rsa_key, 
unsigned char* pout_data, 
size_t* pout_len, 
const unsigned char* pin_data, 
const size_t pin_len
);
Parameters
rsa_key [in]
Pointer to the RSA private key.
pout_data [out]
Pointer to the output decrypted data buffer.
pout_len [out]
Length of the output decrypted data buffer.
pin_data [in]
Pointer to the input data buffer to be decrypted.
pin_len [in]
Length of the input data buffer to be decrypted.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Some of the pointers are NULL, or the input data size is 0.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED

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Unexpected error occurred during the encryption operation.

Description
This function carries out the RSA-OAEP decryption scheme with the SHA256
algorithm to decrypt the input data stream of a variable length.
You should allocate the source, destination, and counter data buffers within
the enclave.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_calculate_ecdsa_priv_key
sgx_calculate_ecdsa_priv_key generates an ECDSA private key based
on an input random seed.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_calculate_ecdsa_priv_key(
const unsigned char* hash_drg, 
int hash_drg_len, 
const unsigned char* sgx_nistp256_r_m1, 
int sgx_nistp256_r_m1_len, 
unsigned char* out_key,
int out_key_len
);
Parameters
hash_drg [in]
Pointer to the input random seed.
hash_drg_len [in]
Length of the input random seed.
sgx_nistp256_r_m1 [in]
Pointer to the buffer for n-1 where n is order of the ECC group used.
sgx_nistp256_r_m1_len [in]
Length for the buffer for nistp256.
out_key [out]

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Pointer to the generated ECDSA private key.

out_key_len [in]
Length of the prepared buffer for ECDSA private key.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
ECDSA private key is successfully generated.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Some of the pointers are NULL, or the input size is less than 0.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Unexpected error occurred during the ECDSA private key generation.
Description
This function generates an ECDSA private key based on an input random seed.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_create_pse_session
sgx_create_pse_session creates a session with the PSE.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_create_pse_session(
void
);
 
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Session is created successfully.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond or the requested service is not supported.

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SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to the AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_BUSY
The requested service is temporarily not available.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_NETWORK_FAILURE
Network connecting or proxy setting issue was encountered.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC
There is not enough EPC memory to load one of the Architecture Enclaves
needed to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UPDATE_NEEDED
Intel® SGX needs to be updated.
SGX_ERROR_KDF_MISMATCH
Indicates the key derivation function does not match.
SGX_ERROR_UNRECOGNIZED_PLATFORM
Intel® EPID Provisioning failed because the platform was not recognized by
the back-end server.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates an unexpected error occurred.
Description
An Intel® SGX enclave first calls sgx_create_pse_session()in the pro-
cess to request platform service.
It's suggested that the caller should wait (typically several seconds to tens of
seconds) and retry this API if SGX_ERROR_BUSY is returned.
Requirements
Header sgx_tae_service.h sgx_tae_service.edl
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

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sgx_close_pse_session
sgx_close_pse_session closes a session created by sgx_create_pse_
session.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_close_pse_session(
void
);
 
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Session is closed successfully.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond or the requested service is not supported.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to the AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates an unexpected error occurs.
Description
An Intel® SGX enclave calls sgx_close_pse_session() when there is no
need to request platform service.
Requirements
Header sgx_tae_service.h sgx_tae_service.edl
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_get_ps_sec_prop
sgx_get_ps_sec_prop gets a data structure describing the security prop-
erty of the platform service.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_get_ps_sec_prop (
sgx_ps_sec_prop_desc_t* security_property

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);
 
Parameters
security_property [out]
A pointer to the buffer that receives the security property descriptor of the
platform service. The pointer cannot be NULL.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Security property is returned successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the pointers is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_AE_SESSION_INVALID
Session is not created or has been closed by architectural enclave service.
Description
Gets a data structure that describes the security property of the platform ser-
vice.
The caller should call sgx_create_pse_session to establish a session
with the platform service enclave before calling this API.
Requirements
Header sgx_tae_service.h sgx_tae_service.edl
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_get_ps_sec_prop_ex
sgx_get_ps_sec_prop_ex gets a data structure describing the security
property of the platform service with extended platform service information.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_get_ps_sec_prop_ex (
sgx_ps_sec_prop_desc_ex_t* security_property
);
 

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Parameters
security_property [out]
A pointer to the buffer that receives the security property descriptor of the
platform service and platform service information. The pointer cannot be
NULL.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Security property is returned successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the pointers is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_AE_SESSION_INVALID
Session is not created or has been closed by architectural enclave service.
Description
Gets a data structure that describes the security property of the platform ser-
vice.
The caller should call sgx_create_pse_session to establish a session
with the platform service enclave before calling this API.
Requirements
Header sgx_tae_service.h sgx_tae_service.edl
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_get_trusted_time
sgx_get_trusted_time gets trusted time from the AE service.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_get_trusted_time(
sgx_time_t* current_time,
sgx_time_source_nonce_t* time_source_nonce
);
 
Parameters

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current_time [out]
Trusted Time Stamp in seconds relative to a reference point. The reference
point does not change as long as the time_source_nonce has not changed.
The pointer cannot be NULL.
time_source_nonce [out]
A pointer to the buffer that receives the nonce which indicates time source.
The pointer cannot be NULL.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Trusted time is obtained successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the pointers is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_AE_SESSION_INVALID
Session is not created or has been closed by architectural enclave service.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond or the requested service is not supported.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to the AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_NETWORK_FAILURE
Network connecting or proxy setting issue was encountered.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC
There is not enough EPC memory to load one of the Architecture Enclaves
needed to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates an unexpected error occurs.
Description

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current_time contains time in seconds and time_source_nonce con-

tains nonce associate with the time. The caller should compare time_
source_nonce against the value returned from the previous call of this API if
it needs to calculate the time passed between two readings of the Trusted
Timer. If the time_source_nonce of the two readings do not match, the dif-
ference between the two readings does not necessarily reflect time passed.
The caller should call sgx_create_pse_session to establish a session
with the platform service enclave before calling this API.
Requirements
Header sgx_tae_service.h sgx_tae_service.edl
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_create_monotonic_counter_ex
sgx_create_monotonic_counter_ex creates a monotonic counter.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_create_monotonic_counter_ex(
uint16_t owner_policy,
const sgx_attributes_t * owner_attribute_mask,
sgx_mc_uuid_t * counter_uuid,
uint32_t * counter_value
);
 
Parameters
owner_policy [in]
The owner policy of the monotonic counter.
 l 0x1 means enclaves with same signing key can access the monotonic
counter
 l 0x2 means enclave with same measurement can access the monotonic
counter
 l 0x3 means enclave with same measurement as well as signing key can
access the monotonic counter.
 l Owner policy values of 0x0 or any bits set beyond bits 0 and 1 will cause
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER

owner_attribute_mask [in]

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Mask of owner attribute, in the format of sgx_attributes_t.

counter_uuid [out]
A pointer to the buffer that receives the monotonic counter ID. The pointer
cannot be NULL.
counter_value [out]
A pointer to the buffer that receives the monotonic counter value. The pointer
cannot be NULL.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Monotonic counter is created successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the parameters is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_BUSY
The requested service is temporarily not available.
SGX_ERROR_MC_OVER_QUOTA
The enclave has reached the quota of Monotonic Counters it can maintain.
SGX_ERROR_MC_USED_UP
Monotonic counters are used out.
SGX_ERROR_AE_SESSION_INVALID
Session is not created or has been closed by the architectural enclave service.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond or the requested service is not supported.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to the AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_NETWORK_FAILURE
Network connecting or proxy setting issue was encountered.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC

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There is not enough EPC memory to load one of the Architecture Enclaves

needed to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates an unexpected error occurs.
Description
Call sgx_create_monotonic_counter_ex to create a monotonic counter
with the given owner_policy and owner_attribute_mask.
The caller should call sgx_create_pse_session to establish a session
with the platform service enclave before calling this API.
Creating a monotonic counter (MC) involves writing to the non-volatile
memory available in the platform. Repeated write operations could cause the
memory to wear out during the normal lifecycle of the platform. Intel® SGX pre-
vents this by limiting the rate at which MC operations can be performed. If you
exceed the limit, the MC operation may return SGX_ERROR_BUSY for several
minutes.
Intel® SGX limits the number of monotonic counters (MC) an enclave can cre-
ate. To avoid exhausting the available quota, an Intel SGX application should
record the MC UUID that sgx_create_monotonic_counter_ex returns
and destroy a MC when it is not needed any more. If an enclave reaches its
quota and previously created MC UUIDs have not been recorded, you may
restore the MC service after uninstalling the Intel® SGX PSW and installing it
again. This procedure deletes all MCs created by any enclave in that system.

NOTE
One application is not able to access the monotonic counter created by
another application in simulation mode. This also affects two different applic-
ations using the same enclave.
Requirements
Header sgx_tae_service.h sgx_tae_service.edl
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_create_monotonic_counter
sgx_create_monotonic_counter creates a monotonic counter with
default owner policy and default user attribute mask.

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Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_create_monotonic_counter(
sgx_mc_uuid_t * counter_uuid,
uint32_t * counter_value
);
 
Parameters
counter_uuid [out]
A pointer to the buffer that receives the monotonic counter ID. The pointer
cannot be NULL.
counter_value [out]
A pointer to the buffer that receives the monotonic counter value. The pointer
cannot be NULL.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Monotonic counter is created successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the pointers is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_BUSY
The requested service is temporarily not available.
SGX_ERROR_MC_OVER_QUOTA
The enclave has reached the quota of Monotonic Counters it can maintain.
SGX_ERROR_MC_USED_UP
Monotonic counters are used out.
SGX_ERROR_AE_SESSION_INVALID
Session is not created or has been closed by architectural enclave service.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond or the requested service is not supported.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to the AE service timed out.

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SGX_ERROR_NETWORK_FAILURE
Network connecting or proxy setting issue was encountered.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC
There is not enough EPC memory to load one of the Architecture Enclaves
needed to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates an unexpected error occurs.
Description
Call sgx_create_monotonic_counter to create a monotonic counter
with the default owner policy 0x1, which means enclaves with same signing
key can access the monotonic counter and default owner_attribute_mask 
0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFCB.
The caller should call sgx_create_pse_session to establish a session
with the platform service enclave before calling this API.
Creating a monotonic counter (MC) involves writing to the non-volatile
memory available in the platform. Repeated write operations could cause the
memory to wear out during the normal lifecycle of the platform. Intel® SGX pre-
vents this by limiting the rate at which MC operations can be performed. If you
exceed the limit, the MC operation may return SGX_ERROR_BUSY for several
minutes.
Intel® SGX limits the number of MCs an enclave can create. To avoid exhaust-
ing the available quota, an Intel SGX application should record the MC UUID
that sgx_create_monotonic_counter returns and destroy a MC when it
is not needed any more. If an enclave reaches its quota and previously created
MC UUIDs have not been recorded, you may restore the MC service after unin-
stalling the Intel® SGX PSW and installing it again. This procedure deletes all
MCs created by any enclave in that system.

NOTE
One application is not able to access the monotonic counter created by
another application in simulation mode. This also affects two different applic-
ations using the same enclave.
Requirements

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Header sgx_tae_service.h sgx_tae_service.edl
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_destroy_monotonic_counter
sgx_destroy_monotonic_counter destroys a monotonic counter cre-
ated by sgx_create_monotonic_counter or sgx_create_mono-
tonic_counter_ex.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_destroy_monotonic_counter(
const sgx_mc_uuid_t * counter_uuid
);
 
Parameters
counter_uuid [in]
The monotonic counter ID to be destroyed.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Monotonic counter is destroyed successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the pointers is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_BUSY
The requested service is temporarily not available.
SGX_ERROR_MC_NOT_FOUND
The Monotonic Counter does not exist or has been invalidated.
SGX_ERROR_MC_NO_ACCESS_RIGHT
The enclave does not have the access right to specified Monotonic Counter.
SGX_ERROR_AE_SESSION_INVALID
Session is not created or has been closed by architectural enclave service.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE

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The AE service did not respond or the requested service is not supported.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to the AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_NETWORK_FAILURE
Network connecting or proxy setting issue was encountered.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC
There is not enough EPC memory to load one of the Architecture Enclaves
needed to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates an unexpected error occurs.
Description
Calling sgx_destroy_monotonic_counter after a monotonic counter is
not needed anymore.
The caller should call sgx_create_pse_session to establish a session
with the platform service enclave before calling this API.
sgx_destroy_monotonic_counter fails if the calling enclave does not
match the owner policy and the attributes specified in the call that created
the monotonic counter.
Destroying a Monotonic Counter (MC) involves writing to the non-volatile
memory available in the platform. Repeated write operations could cause the
memory to wear out during the normal lifecycle of the platform. Intel® SGX pre-
vents this by limiting the rate at which MC operations can be performed. If you
exceed the limit, the MC operation may return SGX_ERROR_BUSY for several
minutes.
Requirements
Header sgx_tae_service.h sgx_tae_service.edl
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

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sgx_increment_monotonic_counter
sgx_increment_monotonic_counter increments a monotonic counter
value by 1.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_increment_monotonic_counter(
const sgx_mc_uuid_t * counter_uuid,
uint32_t * counter_value
);
 
Parameters
counter_uuid [in]
The Monotonic Counter ID to be incremented.
counter_value [out]
A pointer to the buffer that receives the Monotonic Counter value. The pointer
cannot be NULL.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Monotonic Counter is incremented successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the pointers is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_BUSY
The requested service is temporarily not available.
SGX_ERROR_MC_NOT_FOUND
The Monotonic Counter does not exist or has been invalidated.
SGX_ERROR_MC_NO_ACCESS_RIGHT
The enclave does not have the access right to specified Monotonic Counter.
SGX_ERROR_AE_SESSION_INVALID
Session is not created or has been closed by architectural enclave service.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond or the requested service is not supported.

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SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to the AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_NETWORK_FAILURE
Network connecting or proxy setting issue was encountered.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC
There is not enough EPC memory to load one of the Architecture Enclaves
needed to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates an unexpected error occurs.
Description
Call sgx_increment_monotonic_counter to increase a monotonic
counter value by 1.
The caller should call sgx_create_pse_session to establish a session
with the platform service enclave before calling this API.
sgx_increment_monotonic_counter fails if the calling enclave does not
match the owner policy and the attributes specified in the call that created
the monotonic counter.
Incrementing a monotonic counter (MC) involves writing to the non-volatile
memory available in the platform. Repeated write operations could cause the
memory to wear out during the normal lifecycle of the platform. Intel® SGX pre-
vents this by limiting the rate at which MC operations can be performed. If you
exceed the limit, the MC operation may return SGX_ERROR_BUSY for several
minutes.
Requirements
Header sgx_tae_service.h sgx_tae_service.edl
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_read_monotonic_counter
sgx_read_monotonic_counter returns the value of a monotonic counter.

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Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_increment_monotonic_counter(
const sgx_mc_uuid_t * counter_uuid,
uint32_t * counter_value
);
 
Parameters
counter_uuid [in]
The monotonic counter ID to be read.
counter_value [out]
A pointer to the buffer that receives the monotonic counter value. The pointer
cannot be NULL.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Monotonic counter is read successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the pointers is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_MC_NOT_FOUND
the Monotonic Counter does not exist or has been invalidated.
SGX_ERROR_AE_SESSION_INVALID
Session is not created or has been closed by the user or the Architectural
Enclave service.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE
The AE service did not respond or the requested service is not supported.
SGX_ERROR_SERVICE_TIMEOUT
A request to the AE service timed out.
SGX_ERROR_NETWORK_FAILURE
Network connecting or proxy setting issue was encountered.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.

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SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_EPC
There is not enough EPC memory to load one of the Architecture Enclaves
needed to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates an unexpected error occurred.
Description
Call sgx_read_monotonic_counter to read the value of a monotonic
counter.
The caller should call sgx_create_pse_session to establish a session
with the platform service enclave before calling this API.
sgx_read_monotonic_counter fails if the calling enclave does not match
the owner policy and the attributes specified in the call that created the mono-
tonic counter.
Requirements
Header sgx_tae_service.h sgx_tae_service.edl
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_ra_init
The sgx_ra_init function creates a context for the remote attestation and
key exchange process.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_ra_init(
const sgx_ec256_public_t * p_pub_key,
int b_pse,
sgx_ra_context_t * p_context
);
 
Parameters
p_pub_key [in] (Little Endian)
The EC public key of the service provider based on the NIST P-256 elliptic
curve.
b_pse [in]

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If true, platform service information is needed in message 3. The caller must

make sure a PSE session has been established using sgx_create_pse_ses-
sion before attempting to establish a remote attestation and key exchange
session involving platform service information.
p_context [out]
The output context for the subsequent remote attestation and key exchange
process, to be used in sgx_ra_get_msg1 and sgx_ra_proc_msg2.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Indicates success.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Indicates an error that the input parameters are invalid.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation, or contexts reach
the limits.
SGX_ERROR_AE_SESSION_INVALID
The session is invalid or ended by the server.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates that an unexpected error occurred.
Description
This is the first API user should call for a key exchange process. The context
returned from this function is used as a handle for other APIs in the key
exchange library.
Requirements
Header sgx_tkey_exchange.h sgx_tkey_exchange.edl
Library sgx_tkey_exchange.lib

sgx_ra_init_ex
The sgx_ra_init_ex function creates a context for the remote attestation
and key exchange process while it allows the use of a custom defined Key
Derivation Function (KDF).
Syntax

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sgx_status_t sgx_ra_init_ex(
const sgx_ec256_public_t * p_pub_key,
int b_pse,
sgx_ra_derive_secret_keys_t derive_key_cb,
sgx_ra_context_t * p_context
);
 
Parameters
p_pub_key [in] (Little Endian)
The EC public key of the service provider based on the NIST P-256 elliptic
curve.
b_pse [in]
If true, platform service information is needed in message 3. The caller must
make sure a PSE session has been established using sgx_create_pse_ses-
sion before attempting to establish a remote attestation and key exchange
session involving platform service information.
derive_key_cb [in]
This a pointer to a call back routine matching the funtion prototype ofsgx_
ra_derive_secret_keys_t . This function takes the Diffie-Hellman shared
secret as input to allow the ISV enclave to generate their own derived shared
keys (SMK, SK, MK and VK).
p_context [out]
The output context for the subsequent remote attestation and key exchange
process, to be used in sgx_ra_get_msg1 and sgx_ra_proc_msg2.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Indicates success.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Indicates an error that the input parameters are invalid.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation, or contexts reach
the limits.
SGX_ERROR_AE_SESSION_INVALID

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The session is invalid or ended by the server.

SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates that an unexpected error occurred.
Description
This is the first API user should call for a key exchange process. The context
returned from this function is used as a handle for other APIs in the key
exchange library.
Requirements
Header sgx_tkey_exchange.h sgx_tkey_exchange.edl
Library sgx_tkey_exchange.lib

sgx_ra_get_keys
The sgx_ra_get_keys function is used to get the negotiated keys of a
remote attestation and key exchange session. This function should only be
called after the service provider accepts the remote attestation and key
exchange protocol message 3 produced by sgx_ra_proc_msg2.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_ra_get_keys(
sgx_ra_context_t context,
sgx_ra_key_type_t type,
sgx_ra_key_128_t *p_key
);
 
Parameters
context [in]
Context returned by sgx_ra_init.
type [in]
The type of the keys, which can be SGX_RA_KEY_MKor SGX_RA_KEY_SK.
If the RA context was generated by sgx_ra_init, the returned SGX_RA_
KEY_MK or SGX_RA_KEY_SKis derived from the Diffie-Hellman shared secret
elliptic curve field element between the service provider and the application
enclave using the following Key Derivation Function (KDF):
KDK = AES-CMAC(key0, gab x-coordinate)

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SGX_RA_KEY_MK = AES-CMAC(KDK, 
0x01||’MK’||0x00||0x80||0x00)
SGX_RA_KEY_SK = AES-CMAC(KDK, 
0x01||’SK’||0x00||0x80||0x00)
 
The key0 used in the key extraction operation is 16 bytes of 0x00. The plain
text used in the Key derivation calculation is the Diffie-Hellman shared secret
elliptic curve field element in Little Endian format. The plain text used in each
key calculation includes:
 l a counter (0x01)
 l a label: the ASCII representation of one of the strings 'MK' or 'SK' in Little
Endian format
 l a bit length (0x80)

If the RA context was generated by the sgx_ra_init_ex API, the KDF used
to generate SGX_RA_KEY_MK and SGX_RA_KEY_SK is defined in the imple-
mentation of the call back function provided to the sgx_ra_init_ex func-
tion.
p_key [out]
The key returned.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Indicates success.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Indicates an error that the input parameters are invalid.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_STATE
Indicates this API is invoked in incorrect order, it can be called only after a suc-
cess session has been established. In other words, sgx_ra_proc_msg2
should have been called and no error returned.
Description
After a successful key exchange process, this API can be used in the enclave to
get specific key associated with this remote attestation and key exchange ses-
sion.

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Requirements
Header sgx_tkey_exchange.h sgx_tkey_exchange.edl
Library sgx_tkey_exchange.lib

sgx_ra_close
Call the sgx_ra_close function to release the remote attestation and key
exchange context after the process is done and the context isn’t needed any-
more.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_ra_close(
sgx_ra_context_t context
);
 
Parameters
context [in]
Context returned by sgx_ra_init.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Indicates success.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Indicates the context is invalid.
Description
At the end of a key exchange process, the caller needs to use this API in an
enclave to clear and free memory associated with this remote attestation ses-
sion.
Requirements
Header sgx_tkey_exchange.h sgx_key_exchange.edl
Library sgx_tkey_exchange.lib

sgx_dh_init_session
Initialize DH secure session according to the caller’s role in the establishment.

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Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_dh_init_session(
sgx_dh_session_role_t role,
sgx_dh_session_t * session
);
 
Parameters
role [in]
Indicates which role the caller plays in the secure session establishment.
The value of role of the initiator of the session establishment must be SGX_
DH_SESSION_INITIATOR.
The value of role of the responder of the session establishment must be SGX_
DH_SESSION_RESPONDER.
session [out]
A pointer to the instance of the DH session which contains entire information
about session establishment.

NOTE
The value of the pointer must be a valid address within an enclave, as well as
the end address of the session structure.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Session is initialized successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the input parameters is incorrect.
Requirements
Header sgx_dh.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)
.

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sgx_dh_responder_gen_msg1
Generates MSG1 for the responder of DH secure session establishment and
records ECC key pair in session structure.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_dh_responder_gen_msg1(
sgx_dh_msg1_t * msg1,
sgx_dh_session_t * dh_session
);
 
Parameters
msg1 [out]
A pointer to an sgx_dh_msg1_t msg1 buffer. The buffer holding the msg1
message, which is referenced by this parameter, must be within the enclave.
The DH msg1 contains the responder’s public key and report based target
info.
dh_session [in/out]
A pointer that points to the instance of sgx_dh_session_t. The buffer hold-
ing the DH session information, which is referenced by this parameter, must
be within the enclave.

NOTE
As output, the DH session structure contains the responder’s public key and
private key for the current session.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
MSG1 is generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the input parameters is incorrect.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_STATE
The API is invoked in incorrect order or state.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
The enclave is out of memory.

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SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An unexpected error occurred.
Requirements
Header sgx_dh.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_dh_initiator_proc_msg1
The initiator of the DH secure session establishment handles msg1 sent by a
responder, generates msg2, and records the ECC key pair of the initiator in the
DH session structure.

NOTE
To use DH key exchange 2.0 APIs, define SGX_USE_LAv2_INITIATOR.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_dh_initiator_proc_msg1(
const sgx_dh_msg1_t * msg1,
sgx_dh_msg2_t * msg2,
sgx_dh_session_t * dh_session
);
 
Parameters
msg1 [in]
Pointer to the dh message 1 buffer generated by a session responder. The buf-
fer must be in enclave address space.

NOTE
The pointer value must be a valid address within an enclave, as well as the end
address of the session structure.
msg2 [out]
Pointer to thedh message 2 buffer. The buffer must be in enclave address
space.

NOTE

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The pointer value must be a valid address within an enclave, as well as the end
address of the session structure.
dh_session [in/out]
Pointer to the dh session structure used during establishment. The buffer
must be in enclave address space.

NOTE
The pointer value must be a valid address within an enclave, as well as the end
address of the session structure.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
msg1 is processed and msg2 is generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the input parameters is incorrect.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_STATE
The API is invoked in an incorrect order or state.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Enclave is out of memory.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Unexpected error occurred.
Requirements
Header sgx_dh.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_dh_responder_proc_msg2
Handles msg2 sent by an initiator,derives AEK, updates the session inform-
ation, and generates msg3.

NOTE
To use DH key exchange 2.0 APIs, define SGX_USE_LAv2_INITIATOR .
Syntax

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sgx_status_t sgx_dh_responder_proc_msg2(
const sgx_dh_msg2_t * msg2,
sgx_dh_msg3_t * msg3,
sgx_dh_session_t * dh_session,
sgx_key_128bit_t * aek,
sgx_dh_session_enclave_identity_t * initiator_identity
);
 
Parameters
msg2 [in]
Pointer to the dh message 2 buffer generated by a session initiator. The buffer
must be in enclave address space.

NOTE
The pointer value must be a valid address within an enclave, as well as the end
address of the session structure.
msg3 [out]
Pointer to the dh message 3 buffer generated by a session responder in this
function. The buffer must be in enclave address space.

NOTE
The pointer value must be a valid address within an enclave, as well as the end
address of the session structure.
dh_session [in/out]
Pointer to the dh session structure used during establishment. The buffer
must be in enclave address space.

NOTE
The pointer value must be a valid address within an enclave, as well as the end
address of the session structure.
aek [out]
Pointer to instance of sgx_key_128bit_t. The aek is derived as follows:
KDK := CMAC(key0, LittleEndian(gab x-coordinate))
AEK  
= AES-CMAC(KDK, 0x01||’AEK’||0x00||0x80||0x00)

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The key0 used in the key extraction operation is 16 bytes of 0x00. The plain
text used in the AES-CMAC calculation of the KDK is the Diffie-Hellman shared
secret elliptic curve field element in Little Endian format.
The plain text used in the AEK calculation includes:
 l a counter (0x01)
 l a label: the ASCII representation of the string 'AEK' in Little Endian
format)
 l a bit length (0x80)

NOTE
The pointer value must be a valid address within an enclave, as well as the end
address of the session structure.
initiator_identity [out]
Pointer to instance of sgx_dh_session_enclave_identity_t. Identity
information of initiator includes isv svn, isv product id, the enclave attributes,
MRSIGNER, and MRENCLAVE. The buffer must be located in the enclave
address space. Check the identity of the peer and decide whether to trust the
peer and use the aek.

NOTE
The pointer value must be a valid address within an enclave, as well as the end
address of the session structure.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
msg2 is processed and msg3 is generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the input parameters is incorrect.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_STATE
The API is invoked in an incorrect order or state.
SGX_ERROR_KDF_MISMATCH
Key derivation function does not match.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Enclave is out of memory.

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SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Unexpected error occurred.
Requirements
Header sgx_dh.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_dh_initiator_proc_msg3
The initiator handles msg3 sent by responder and then derives AEK, updates
session information and gets responder’s identity information.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_dh_initiator_proc_msg3(
const sgx_dh_msg3_t * msg3,
sgx_dh_session_t * dh_session,
sgx_key_128bit_t * aek,
sgx_dh_session_enclave_identity_t * responder_identity
);
 
Parameters
msg3 [in]
Point to dh message 3 buffer generated by session responder, and the buffer
must be in enclave address space.

NOTE
The value of the pointer must be a valid address within an enclave, as well as
the end address of the session structure.
dh_session [in]
Point to dh session structure that is used during establishment, and the buffer
must be in enclave address space.

NOTE
The value of the pointer must be a valid address within an enclave, as well as
the end address of the session structure.
aek [out]

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A pointer that points to instance of sgx_key_128bit_t. The aek is derived

as follows:
KDK:= CMAC(key0, LittleEndian(gab x-coordinate))
AEK  
= AES-CMAC(KDK, 0x01||’AEK’||0x00||0x80||0x00) 
The key0 used in the key extraction operation is 16 bytes of 0x00. The plain
text used in the AES-CMAC calculation of the KDK is the Diffie-Hellman shared
secret elliptic curve field element in Little Endian format.
The plain text used in the AEK calculation includes:
 l a counter (0x01)
 l a label: the ASCII representation of the string 'AEK' in Little Endian format
 l a bit length (0x80)

NOTE
The value of the pointer must be a valid address within an enclave, as well as
the end address of the session structure.
responder_identity [out]
Identity information of responder including isv svn, isv product id, the enclave
attributes, MRSIGNER, and MRENCLAVE. The buffer must be in enclave
address space. The caller should check the identity of the peer and decide
whether to trust the peer and use the aek or the msg3_body.additional_
prop field of msg3.

NOTE
The value of the pointer must be a valid address within an enclave, as well as
the end address of the session structure.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The function is done successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Any of the input parameters is incorrect.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_STATE
The API is invoked in incorrect order or state.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY

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The enclave is out of memory.

SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
An unexpected error occurred.
Requirements
Header sgx_dh.h
Library sgx_tservice.lib or sgx_tservice_sim.lib (sim-
ulation)

sgx_fopen
The sgx_fopen function creates or opens a protected file.
Syntax
SGX_FILE* sgx_fopen(
const char* filename,
const char* mode,
const sgx_key_128bit_t *key
);
Parameters
filename [in]
The name of the file to be created or opened.
mode [in]
The file open mode string. Allowed values are any combination of ‘r’, ‘w’ or ‘a’,
with possible ‘+’ and possible ‘b’ (since string functions are currently not sup-
ported, ‘b’ is meaningless).
key [in]
The encryption key of the file. This key is used as a key derivation key, used for
deriving encryption keys for the file. If the file is created with sgx_fopen, you
should protect this key and provide it as input every time the file is opened.
Return value
If the function succeeds, it returns a valid file pointer, which can be used by all
the other functions in the Protected FS API, otherwise, NULL is returned and
errno is set with an appropriate error code. See Protected FS Error Codes
for more details about errors.
Description

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sgx_fopen is similar to the C file API fopen. It creates a new Protected File
or opens an existing Protected File created with a previous call to sgx_
fopen. Regular files cannot be opened with this API.
For more details about this API and its parameters, check the fopen doc-
umentation.
Requirements
Header sgx_tprotected_fs.h  
sgx_tprotected_fs.edl
Library sgx_tprotected_fs.lib

sgx_fopen_auto_key
The sgx_fopen_auto_key function creates or opens a protected file.
Syntax
SGX_FILE* sgx_fopen_auto_key(
const char* filename,
const char* mode
);
Parameters
filename [in]
The name of the file to be created or opened.
mode [in]
The file open mode string. Allowed values are any combination of ‘r’, ‘w’ or ‘a’,
with possible ‘+’ and possible ‘b’ (since string functions are currently not sup-
ported, ‘b’ is meaningless).
Return value
If the function succeeds, it returns a valid file pointer, which can be used by all
the other functions in the Protected FS API, otherwise, NULL is returned and
errno is set with an appropriate error code. See Protected FS Error Codes
for more details about errors.
Description
sgx_fopen_auto_key is similar to the C file API fopen. It creates a new Pro-
tected File or opens an existing Protected File created with a previous call to
sgx_fopen_auto_key. Regular files cannot be opened with this API.

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For more details about this API and its parameters, check the fopen doc-
umentation.
Requirements
Header sgx_tprotected_fs.h  
sgx_tprotected_fs.edl
Library sgx_tprotected_fs.lib

sgx_fclose
The sgx_fclose function closes a protected file handle.
Syntax
int32_t sgx_fclose(
SGX_FILE* stream
);
Parameters
stream [in]
A file handle that is returned from a previous call to sgx_fopen or sgx_
fopen_auto_key.
Return value
0
The file was closed successfully.
1
There were errors during the operation.
Description
sgx_fclose is similar to the C file API fclose. It closes an open Protected
File handle created with a previous call to sgx_fopen or sgx_fopen_
auto_key. After a call to this function, the handle is invalid even if an error is
returned.
For more details about this API and its parameters, check the fclose doc-
umentation.
Requirements
Header sgx_tprotected_fs.h  
sgx_tprotected_fs.edl
Library sgx_tprotected_fs.lib

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sgx_fread
The sgx_fread function reads the requested amount of data from the file,
and extends the file pointer by that amount.
Syntax
size_t sgx_fread(
void* ptr,
size_t size,
size_t count,
SGX_FILE* stream
);
Parameters
ptr[out]
A pointer to a buffer of at least size*count bytes, to receive the data read
from the file.
size [in]
The size of each block to be read.
count [in]
The number of blocks to be read.
stream [in]
A file handle that is returned from a previous call to sgx_fopen or sgx_
fopen_auto_key.
Return value
The number of blocks of size size that were read from the file.
Description
sgx_fread is similar to the C file API fread. In case of an error, sgx_fer-
ror can be called to get the error code.
For more details about this API and its parameters, check the fread doc-
umentation.
Requirements
Header sgx_tprotected_fs.h  
sgx_tprotected_fs.edl
Library sgx_tprotected_fs.lib

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sgx_fwrite
The sgx_fwrite function writes the given amount of data to the file, and
extends the file pointer by that amount.
Syntax
size_t sgx_fwrite(
const void* ptr,
size_t size,
size_t count,
SGX_FILE* stream
);
Parameters
ptr [in]
A pointer to a buffer of at least size*count bytes, that contains the data to
write to the file
size [in]
The size of each block to be written.
count [in]
The number of blocks to be written.
stream [in]
A file handle that is returned from a previous call to sgx_fopen or sgx_
fopen_auto_key.
Return value
The number of blocks of size size that were written to the file.
Description
sgx_fwrite is similar to the C file API fwrite. In case of an error, sgx_fer-
ror can be called to get the error code.
For more details about this API and its parameters, check the fwrite doc-
umentation.
Requirements
Header sgx_tprotected_fs.h  
sgx_tprotected_fs.edl
Library sgx_tprotected_fs.lib

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sgx_fflush
The sgx_fflush function forces a cache flush, and if it returns successfully, it
is guaranteed that your changes are committed to a file on the disk.
Syntax
int32_t sgx_fflush(
SGX_FILE* stream
);
Parameters
stream [in]
A file handle that is returned from a previous call to sgx_fopen or sgx_
fopen_auto_key.
Return value
0
The operation completed successfully.
1
There were errors during the operation. sgx_ferror can be called to get the
error code.
Description
sgx_fflush is similar to the C file API fflush. This function flushes all the
modified data from the cache and writes it to a file on the disk. In case of an
error, sgx_ferror can be called to get the error code. Note that this func-
tion does not clear the cache, but only flushes the changes to the actual file on
the disk. Flushing also happens automatically when the cache is full and page
eviction is required.
For more details about this API and its parameters, check the fflush doc-
umentation.
Requirements
Header sgx_tprotected_fs.h  
sgx_tprotected_fs.edl
Library sgx_tprotected_fs.lib

sgx_ftell
The sgx_ftell function creates or opens a protected file.

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Syntax
int64_t sgx_ftell(
SGX_FILE* stream
);
Parameters
stream [in]
A file handle that is returned from a previous call to sgx_fopen or sgx_
fopen_auto_key.
Return value
If the function succeeds, it returns the current value of the position indicator
of the file, otherwise, -1 is returned and errno is set with an appropriate error
code. See Protected FS Error Codes for more details about errors.
Description
sgx_ftell is similar to the C file API ftell.
For more details about this API and its parameters, check the ftell doc-
umentation.
Requirements
Header sgx_tprotected_fs.h  
sgx_tprotected_fs.edl
Library sgx_tprotected_fs.lib

sgx_fseek
The sgx_fseek function sets the current value of the position indicator of
the file.
Syntax
int64_t sgx_fseek(
SGX_FILE* stream,
int64_t offset,
int origin
);
Parameters
stream [in]

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A file handle that was returned from a previous call to sgx_fopen or sgx_
fopen_auto_key.
offset [in]
The new required value, relative to the origin parameter.
origin [in]
The origin from which to calculate the offset (SEEK_SET, SEEK_CUR or
SEEK_END).
Return value
0
The operation completed successfully.
-1
There were errors during the operation. sgx_ferror can be called to get the
error code.
Description
sgx_fseek is similar to the C file API fseek.
For more details about this API and its parameters, check the fseek doc-
umentation.
Requirements
Header sgx_tprotected_fs.h  
sgx_tprotected_fs.edl
Library sgx_tprotected_fs.lib

sgx_feof
The sgx_feof function tells the caller if the file's position indicator hit the
end of the file in a previous read operation.
Syntax
int32_t sgx_feof(
SGX_FILE* stream
);
Parameters
stream [in]

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A file handle that was returned from a previous call to sgx_fopen or sgx_
fopen_auto_key.
Return value
0
End of file was not reached.
1
End of file was reached.
Description
sgx_feof is similar to the C file API feof.
For more details about this API and its parameters, check the feof doc-
umentation.
Requirements
Header sgx_tprotected_fs.h  
sgx_tprotected_fs.edl
Library sgx_tprotected_fs.lib

sgx_ferror
The sgx_ferror function returns the latest operation error code.
Syntax
int32_t sgx_ferror(
SGX_FILE* stream
);
Parameters
stream [in]
A file handle that is returned from a previous call to sgx_fopen or sgx_
fopen_auto_key.
Return value
The latest operation error code is returned. 0 indicates that no errors
occurred.
Description

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sgx_ferror is similar to the C file API ferror. In case the latest operation
failed because the file is in a bad state, SGX_ERROR_FILE_BAD_STATUS will
be returned.
For more details about this API and its parameters, check the ferror doc-
umentation.
Requirements
Header sgx_tprotected_fs.h  
sgx_tprotected_fs.edl
Library sgx_tprotected_fs.lib

sgx_clearerr
The sgx_clearerr function attempts to repair a bad file status, and also
clears the end-of-file flag.
Syntax
void sgx_clearerr(
SGX_FILE* stream
);
Parameters
stream [in]
A file handle that is returned from a previous call to sgx_fopen or sgx_
fopen_auto_key.
Return value
None
Description
sgx_clearerr is similar to the C file API clearerr. This function attempts
to repair errors resulted from the underlying file system, like write errors to
the disk (resulting in a full cache that cannot be emptied). Call sgx_ferror
or sgx_feof after a call to this function to learn if it was successful or not.
sgx_clearerr does not repair errors resulting from a corrupted file, like
decryption errors, or from memory corruption, etc.
For more details about this API and its parameters, check the clearerr doc-
umentation.
Requirements

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Header sgx_tprotected_fs.h  
sgx_tprotected_fs.edl
Library sgx_tprotected_fs.lib

sgx_remove
The sgx_remove function deletes a file from the file system.
Syntax
int32_t sgx_remove(
const char* filename,
);
Parameters
filename [in]
The name of the file to delete.
Return value
0
The operation completed successfully.
1
An error occurred, check errno for the error code.
Description
sgx_remove is similar to the C file API remove.
For more details about this API and its parameters, check the remove doc-
umentation.
Requirements
Header sgx_tprotected_fs.h  
sgx_tprotected_fs.edl
Library sgx_tprotected_fs.lib

sgx_fexport_auto_key
The sgx_fexport_auto_key function is used for exporting the latest key
used for the file encryption. See File Transfer with the Automatic Keys API for
more details.
Syntax
int32_t sgx_fexport_auto_key(

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const char* filename,
sgx_key_128bit_t *key
);
Parameters
filename [in]
The name of the file to be exported. This should be the name of a file created
with the sgx_fopen_auto_key API.
key [out]
The latest encryption key.
Return value
0
The operation completed successfully.
1
An error occurred, check errno for the error code.
Description
sgx_fexport_auto_key is used to export the last key that was used in the
encryption of the file. With this key you can import the file in a different
enclave or system.

NOTE:
 1. In order for this function to work, the file should not be opened in any
other process.
 2. This function only works with files created with sgx_fopen_auto_key.

See File Transfer with the Automatic Keys API for more details.
Requirements
Header sgx_tprotected_fs.h  
sgx_tprotected_fs.edl
Library sgx_tprotected_fs.lib

sgx_fimport_auto_key
The sgx_fimport_auto_key function is used for importing a Protected FS
auto key file created on a different enclave or platform. See File Transfer with
the Automatic Keys API for more details.

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Syntax
int32_t sgx_fimport_auto_key(
const char* filename,
const sgx_key_128bit_t *key
);
Parameters
filename [in]
The name of the file to be imported. This should be the name of a file created
with the sgx_fopen_auto_key API, on a different enclave or system.
key [in]
The encryption key, exported with a call to sgx_fexport_auto_key in the
source enclave or system.
Return value
0
The operation completed successfully.
1
An error occurred, check errno for the error code.
Description
sgx_fimport_auto_key is used for importing a Protected FS file. After this
call returns successfully, the file can be opened normally with sgx_fexport_
auto_key.

NOTE:
 1. In order for this function to work, the file should not be opened in any
other process.
 2. This function only works with files created with sgx_fopen_auto_key.

See File Transfer with the Automatic Keys API for more details.
Requirements
Header sgx_tprotected_fs.h  
sgx_tprotected_fs.edl
Library sgx_tprotected_fs.lib

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sgx_fclear_cache
The sgx_fclear_cache function is used for clearing the internal file cache.
The function scrubs all the data from the cache, and releases all the allocated
cache memory.
Syntax
int32_t sgx_fclear_cache(
SGX_FILE* stream
);
Parameters
stream [in]
A file handle that is returned from a previous call to sgx_fopen or sgx_
fopen_auto_key.
Return value
0
The operation completed successfully.
1
An error occurred, call sgx_ferror to get the error code.
Description
sgx_fclear_cache is used to scrub all the data from the cache and release
all the allocated cache memory. If modified data is found in the cache, it will
be written to the file on disk before being scrubbed.
This function is especially useful if you do not trust parts of your own enclave
(for example, external libraries you linked against, etc.) and want to make sure
there is as little sensitive data in the memory as possible before transferring
control to the code they do not trust. Note, however, that the SGX_FILE struc-
ture itself still holds sensitive data. To remove all such data related to the file
from memory completely, you should close the file handle.
Requirements
Header sgx_tprotected_fs.h  
sgx_tprotected_fs.edl
Library sgx_tprotected_fs.lib

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sgx_virtual_protect
This function is used to change the access permissions for a committed page
in an Intel® SGX 2.0 enclave.
Syntax
int sgx_virtual_protect(
void*  
a
  ddr,
const size_t size,
const uint32_t new_prot,
const uint32_t* old_prot,
sgx_status_t  
*
   error
);
Parameters
addr [in]
Page aligned address in the enclave that specifies the start of the address
range on which to perform the operation.
size [in]
The size of the address range on which to perform the operation, in bytes, as a
multiple of page size.
new_prot [in]
Specifies the new page protections:
 l SGX_PAGE_NOACCESS
 l SGX_PAGE_READONLY
 l SGX_PAGE_READWRITE
 l SGX_PAGE_EXECUTE_READ
 l SGX_PAGE_EXECUTE_READWRITE

old_prot [out]
Optional. If passed in, the old page protections for the first page in the
address range specified will be returned.
error [out]
Optional. If passed in, on failure, error will be set to provide more information.
Return value Description
SGX_ERROR_ This platform does not support Intel® SGX EDMM.
FEATURE_NOT_

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SUPPORTED
SGX_ERROR_ One of the parameters passed in is invalid. This may
INVALID_PARAMETER be due to passing in a non page-aligned address, a
size that is not a multiple of the page size, or an
invalid permissions specifier.
SGX_ERROR_ The pages in the address range are not in the cor-
INVALID_STATE rect state for the requested operation.
SGX_ERROR_MEMORY_ Special regions in the enclave are locked and unavail-
LOCKED able for update by this function. Attempts to change
locked regions will result in this error.
SGX_ERROR_ General run time error.
UNEXPECTED

Return value
0
Indicates failure.
nonzero
Indicates success
Description
Intel® SGX 2.0 platform support is required. If the platform does not support
Intel® SGX EDMM, sgx_virtual_protect will return 0 and set error to
SGX_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED.
Requirement
Header sgx_tedmm.h, sgx_tedmm.edl
Library sgx_tedmm.lib
 

sgx_ecc256_calculate_pub_from_priv
Generates an ECC public key based on a given ECC private key.
Syntax
sgx_ecc256_calculate_pub_from_priv(
const sgx_ec256_private_t *p_att_priv_key,
sgx_ec256_public_t  
* p_att_pub_key
);
 

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Parameters
p_att_priv_key [in]
Pointer to the input ECC private key.
p_att_pub_key [out]
Pointer to output public key - LITTLE ENDIAN.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
One or more of input parameters is invalid.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Internal cryptography library failed.
 
Description
This function retrieves an ECC public key from a given private key on curve
NID_X9_62_prime256v1. (pub = priv * curve_group).
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_ecdsa_verify_hash
Directly verifies the signature for the given data of size SGX_SHA256_HASH_
SIZE based on the public key.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_ecdsa_verify_hash(
const uint8_t *p_data,
uint32_t data_size,
const sgx_ec256_public_t *p_public,

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sgx_ec256_signature_t *p_signature,
uint8_t *p_result,
sgx_ecc_state_handle_t ecc_handle
);
 
Parameters
p_data [in]
Pointer to the signed dataset of size SGX_SHA256_HASH_SIZE to be verified.
p_public [in]
Pointer to the public key to be used for the signature calculation.

NOTE:
Value is LITTLE ENDIAN.
p_signature [in]
Pointer to the signature to be verified.

NOTE:
Value is LITTLE ENDIAN.
p_result [out]
Pointer to the result of the verification check populated by this function.
ecc_handle [in]
Handle of the allocated and initialized ECC GF(p) context state used to call
standard functions of the elliptic curve cryptosystem. The algorithm stores
intermediate results of calculations performed using this context.

NOTE:
The ECC set of APIs only supports a 256-bit GF(p) cryptography system.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Digital signature verification is performed successfully. Check p_result to get
the verification result.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The ECC context handle, public key, data, result, or signature pointer is NULL,
or the data size is 0.

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SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Verification process failed due to an internal cryptography library eror.
Description
This function verifies the signature for the given data set based on the input
public key. The function performs verification without calculating the data
hash.
A digital signature of the message consists of a pair of large numbers, 256 bits
each, which could be created by  sgx_ecdsa_sign. The ECDSA scheme, an
elliptic curve of the DSA scheme, is used for computing a digital signature.
The digital signature verification results in one of the following values:
SGX_EC_VALID - Digital signature is valid.
SGX_EC_INVALID_SIGNATURE - Digital signature is not valid.
To create elliptic curve domain parameters, use the  sgx_ecc256_open_
context function.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_hmac_sha256_msg
Computes a message authentication code of p_src using the hash function
SHA256 and p_key.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_hmac_sha256_msg(
const unsigned char *p_src,
int src_len,
const unsigned char *p_key,
int key_len,
unsigned char *p_mac,
int mac_len
);
 

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Parameters
p_src [in]
Pointer to the input stream to be hashed.
src_len [in]
Length in bytes of the input stream to be hashed.
p_key [in]
Pointer to the key to be used in MAC operation.
key_len [in]
Key length, in bytes.
p_mac [out]
Pointer to the result MAC, must be allocated by the caller.
mac_len [in]
Expected output MAC length, in bytes.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
p_src, p_key, or p_mac pointer is NULL.
src_len, key_len, or mac_len size is less than or equal to 0.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Internal cryptography library failed.
 
Description
The function performs a standard HMAC hash over the input data buffer. Only
a 256-bit version of the HMAC hash is supported.

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Use this function if the complete input data stream is available. Otherwise, use
the Init, Update… Update, Final procedure to compute the HMAC hash over
multiple input data sets.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_hmac256_init
Allocates and initializes the HMAC state to use p_key.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_hmac256_init(
const unsigned char *p_key,
int key_len,
sgx_hmac_state_handle_t *p_hmac_handle
);
 
Parameters
p_key [in]
Pointer to the key used in the message authentication operation.
key_len [in]
Key length, in bytes.
p_hmac_handle [out]
Pointer to the output HMAC state handle.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
p_key or p_hmac_handle is NULL, or key_len is less than or equal to 0.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.

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SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Internal cryptography library failed.
 
Description
Calling sgx_hmac256_init is the first set in performing the HMAC 256-bit
hash over multiple data sets. Do not allocate memory for the HMAC state
returned by this function. The state is specific to the implementation of the
cryptography library, so the library performs the allocation itself. If the hash
over the desired data sets is completed or any error occurs during the hash
calculation process, call sgx_hmac256_close to free the state allocated by this
algorithm.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_hmac256_update
Authenticates chunks of a message during repetitive calls.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_hmac256_update(
const uint8_t *p_src,
int src_len,
sgx_hmac_state_handle_t hmac_handle
);
 
Parameters
p_src [in]
Pointer to the input stream to be hashed.
src_len [in]
Length in bytes of the input stream to be hashed.
p_hmac_handle [in]
Pointer to the HMAC state handle.

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Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
p_src or p_hmac_handle is NULL, or src_len is less than or equal to 0.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Internal cryptography library failed.
 
Description
Use this functions as a part of an HMAC 256-bit hash calculation over multiple
data sets. For the HMAC hash calculation over a single data set, use the sgx_
hmac_sha256_msg function instead. Before calling this function on the first
data set, allocate and initialize the HMAC state structure, which will hold inter-
mediate hash results, using the sgx_hmac256_init function. To obtain the
hash after processing the final data set, call the sgx_hmac256_final func-
tion.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_hmac256_final
Places the message authentication code in p_hash.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_hmac256_final(
unsigned char *p_hash,
int hash_len,
sgx_hmac_state_handle_t hmac_handle
);
 
Parameters
hash_len [in]

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Expected MAC length, in bytes.

hmac_handle [in]
Pointer to the HMAC state handle.
p_hash [out]
Pointer to the resultant hash from the HMAC operation. This buffer should be
allocated by the calling code.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
p_hash or hmac_handle is NULL, or hash_len is less than or equal to 0.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Internal cryptography library failed.
 
Description
This function returns the hash after performing the HMAC 256-bit hash cal-
culation over one or more data sets using the sgx_hmac256_update func-
tion. Memory for the hash should be allocated by the calling code. The handle
to the HMAC state used in the sgx_hmac256_update calls must be passed
as input.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_hmac256_close
Cleans up the HMAC state.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_hmac256_close(
sgx_hmac_state_handle_t hmac_handle
);

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Parameters
p_hmac_handle [in]
Pointer to the HMAC state handle.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
HMAC state is cleaned up successfull.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Internal cryptography library failed.
 
Description
Calling sgx_hmac256_close is the last step after performing the HMAC
hash over multiple data sets. Use this function to clean and deallocate memory
used for storing the HMAC algorithm context state.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_aes_gcm128_enc_init
Returns an allocated and initialized AES-GCM encrypt algorithm context state.
This should be part of the Init, Update … Update, Final process when the AES-
GCM encryption is to be performed over multiple datasets. If a complete data-
set is available, you should call sgx_rijndael128GCM_encrypt to perform
the encryption in a single call.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_aes_gcm128_enc_init(
const uint8_t *key,
const uint8_t *iv,
uint32_t iv_len,
const uint8_t *aad,
uint32_t aad_len,
sgx_aes_state_handle_t* aes_gcm_state
);

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Parameters
key [in]
Pointer to key to be used in the AES-GCM encryption operation. The size must
be 128 bits.
iv [in]
Pointer to the initialization vector to be used in the AES-GCM calculation. NIST
AES-GCM recommended IV size is 96 bits (12 bytes).
iv_len [in]
Specifies the length of the input initialization vector. The length should be 12
as recommended by NIST.
aad [in]
Pointer to the additional authentication data buffer used in the GCM MAC cal-
culation. The data in this buffer will not be encrypted. The field is optional and
could be NULL.
aad_len [in]
Specifies the length of the additional authentication data buffer. This buffer is
optional and the size can be zero.
aes_gcm_state [out]
Handle to the context state used by the cryptography library to perform an
iterative AES-GCM 128-bit encryption. The algorithm stores the intermediate
results of performing the encryption over data sets.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The AES-GCM encryption state is successfully allocated and initialized.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
If key, MAC, or IV pointer is NULL.
If AAD size is > 0 and the AAD pointer is NULL.
The key or handle pointer is NULL.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation.

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SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Internal cryptography library failure occurred.
 
Description
Call sgx_aes_gcm128_enc_init as the first step in performing the AES-
GCM encrypt over multiple datasets. Do not allocate memory for the AES-GCM
state that this function returns. The state is specific to the implementation of
the cryptography library and thus the allocation is performed by the library
itself. If the encryption over the desired datasets is completed or any error
occurs during the encryption process, call sgx_aes_gcm_close to free the
state allocated by this algorithm.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_aes_gcm128_enc_update
Performs AES-GCM 128-bit encryption over the input dataset provided. This
function supports an iterative encryption over multiple datasets where aes_
gcm_handle contains the intermediate results of the encryption over pre-
vious datasets.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_aes_gcm128_enc_update(
uint8_t *p_src,
uint32_t src_len,
uint8_t *p_dst,
sgx_aes_state_handle_t aes_gcm_state
);
 
Parameters
p_src [in]
Pointer to the input data stream to be encrypted.
src_len [in]
Specifies the length on the input data stream to be encrypted.

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p_dst [out]
Pointer to the output cipher-text buffer.
aes_gcm_state [in]
Handle to the context state used by the cryptography library to perform AES-
GCM encryption.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
All the outputs are generated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The source pointer, destination pointer, or AES handle is NULL.
The source length is 0 or greater than INT_MAX.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Internal cryptography library failure occurred while performing the AES-GCM
encryption.

NOTE:
Unexpected errors indicate that the AES-GCM state is not freed. Call sgx_
aes_gcm_close to free the AES-GCM state and avoid memory leak.
Description
This function encrypts data in the source input and puts it in p_dst. You
should use it after initializing the AES-GCM state with sgx_aes_gcm128_
enc_init.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_aes_gcm128_enc_get_mac
Obtains the authentication MAC from the given AES-GCM state.
Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_aes_gcm128_enc_get_mac(
uint8_t *mac,

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sgx_aes_state_handle_t aes_gcm_state
);
 
Parameters
aes_gcm_state [in]
Handle to the context state used by the cryptography library performing an
iterative AES-GCM encryption.
mac [out]
Pointer to SGX_AESGCM_MAC_SIZE buffer to store MAC. The memory for the
MAC should be allocated by the calling code.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The MAC is obtained successfully.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
The MAC pointer or AES-GCM handle is NULL.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Internal cryptography library failure occurred while performing the AES-GCM
encryption.

NOTE:
If an unexpected error occurs, call sgx_aes_gcm_close to free the AES-
GCM state to avoid memory leak.
Description
Writes SGX_AESGCM_MAC_SIZE bytes of the tag value to the buffer indicated
by MAC.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

sgx_aes_gcm_close
Cleans up and frees the AES-GCM state.

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Syntax
sgx_status_t sgx_aes_gcm_close(
sgx_aes_state_handle_t aes_gcm_state
);
 
Parameters
aes_gcm_state [in]
Pointer to the AES-GCM state handle.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
The AES-GCM state was deallocated successfully.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Internal cryptography library failure occurred.
 
Description
Call sgx_aes_gcm_close as the last step after performing AES-GCM over
multiple datasets. Use this function to clean and deallocate the memory used
for storing the AES-GCM algorithm context state.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tcrypto.h
Library sgx_tcrypto.lib

Types and Enumerations

This topic introduces the types and error codes in the following topics:
 l Type Descriptions
 l Error Codes

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Type Descriptions
This topic section describes the following data types provided by the Intel®
SGX:
 l sgx_enclave_id_t
 l sgx_status_t
 l sgx_launch_token_t
 l sgx_exception_vector_t
 l sgx_exception_type_t
 l sgx_cpu_context_t
 l sgx_exception_info_t
 l sgx_exception_handler_t
 l sgx_spinlock_t
 l sgx_thread_t
 l sgx_thread_mutex_t
 l sgx_thread_mutexattr_t
 l sgx_thread_cond_t
 l sgx_thread_condattr_t
 l sgx_thread_sync_object_handle_t
 l sgx_misc_select_t
 l sgx_attributes_t
 l sgx_misc_attribute_t
 l sgx_isv_svn_t
 l sgx_cpu_svn_t
 l sgx_key_id_t
 l sgx_key_128bit_t
 l sgx_key_request_t
 l sgx_measurement_t
 l sgx_mac_t
 l sgx_report_data_t
 l sgx_prod_id_t
 l sgx_target_info_t

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 l sgx_report_body_t
 l sgx_report_t
 l sgx_aes_gcm_data_t
 l sgx_sealed_data_t
 l sgx_epid_group_id_t
 l sgx_basename_t
 l sgx_quote_t
 l sgx_quote_sign_type_t
 l sgx_spid_t
 l sgx_quote_nonce_t
 l sgx_time_source_nonce_t
 l sgx_time_t
 l sgx_ps_cap_t
 l sgx_ps_sec_prop_desc_t
 l sgx_mc_uuid_t
 l sgx_ra_context_t
 l sgx_ra_key_128_t
 l sgx_ra_derive_secret_keys_t
 l sgx_ra_key_type_t
 l sgx_ra_msg1_t
 l sgx_ra_msg2_t
 l sgx_ra_msg3_t
 l sgx_ecall_get_ga_trusted_t
 l sgx_ecall_get_msg3_trusted_t
 l sgx_ecall_proc_msg2_trusted_t
 l sgx_platform_info_t
 l sgx_update_info_bit_t
 l sgx_dh_msg1_t
 l sgx_dh_msg2_t
 l sgx_dh_msg3_t

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 l sgx_dh_msg3_body_t
 l sgx_dh_session_enclave_identity_t
 l sgx_dh_session_role_t
 l sgx_dh_session_t
 l sgx_device_status_t
 l align_req_t
 l class template custom_alignment_aligned

sgx_enclave_id_t
An enclave ID, also referred to as an enclave handle. Used as a handle to an
enclave by various functions.
Enclave IDs are locally unique, i.e. within the platform, and the uniqueness is
guaranteed until the next machine restart.
Syntax
typedef uint64_t sgx_enclave_id_t;
 
Requirements
Header sgx_eid.h

sgx_status_t
Specifies the return status from an Intel SGX function call. For a list containing
all possible values of this data type, see Error Codes.
Syntax
typedef enum _status_t { . . . } sgx_status_t;
Requirements
Header sgx_error.h

sgx_launch_token_t
An opaque type used to hold enclave launch information. Used by sgx_create_
enclave to initialize an enclave. The license is generated by the Launch
Enclave.
See more details in Loading and Unloading an Enclave.
Syntax

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typedef uint8_t sgx_launch_token_t[1024];
 
Requirements
Header sgx_urts.h

sgx_uswitchless_worker_type_t
Defines Switchless Calls worker thread type, trusted or untrusted. A worker
can be either trusted (executed inside enclave) or untrusted (executed out-
side enclave).
Syntax
typedef enum {
SGX_USWITCHLESS_WORKER_TYPE_UNTRUSTED,
SGX_USWITCHLESS_WORKER_TYPE_TRUSTED
} sgx_uswitchless_worker_type_t;
 
Requirements
Header sgx_uswitchless.h

sgx_uswitchless_worker_event_t
An application may register a callback to receive Switchless Calls events. The
most useful information is presented by 4 worker events: a worker thread
starts, a worker thread is idle , a worker thread missed some tasks, a worker
thread exits.
Syntax
typedef enum {
SGX_USWITCHLESS_WORKER_EVENT_START,
SGX_USWITCHLESS_WORKER_EVENT_IDLE,
SGX_USWITCHLESS_WORKER_EVENT_MISS,
SGX_USWITCHLESS_WORKER_EVENT_EXIT,
_SGX_USWITCHLESS_WORKER_EVENT_NUM,
} sgx_uswitchless_worker_event_t;
Requirements
Header sgx_uswitchless.h

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sgx_uswitchless_worker_stats_t
Switchless Calls gather statistics of calls processed by worker threads, and
calls missed by worker threads and handled using fallback to regular
ECALLs/OCALLs . An application can access the statistics values if it is
registered to callbacks.
Syntax
typedef struct {
uint32_t processed;
uint32_t missed;
} sgx_uswitchless_worker_stats_t;
 
Members
processed
32-bit counter that counts the number of tasks that all workers have pro-
cessed.
missed
32-bit counter that counts the number of tasks that all workers have missed.
Requirements
Header sgx_uswitchless.h

sgx_uswitchless_worker_callback_t
Callback function that is called upon worker threads events and can be used
to collect feature statistics and detect feature behavior for configuration tun-
ing or other needs.
Syntax
typedef void (*sgx_uswitchless_worker_callback_t) (
sgx_uswitchless_worker_type_t type,
sgx_uswitchless_worker_event_t event,
const sgx_uswitchless_worker_stats_t* stats);

Parameters
type
Worker thread type .

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event
Type of the event occurred.
stats
Pointer to statistics data.
Requirements
Header sgx_uswitchless.h

sgx_uswitchless_config_t
Switchless Calls configuration structure passed to sgx_create_enclave_
ex to select feature configuration.
Syntax
typedef struct
{
uint32_t switchless_calls_pool_size_qwords;
uint32_t num_uworkers;
uint32_t num_tworkers;
uint32_t retries_before_fallback;
uint32_t retries_before_sleep;
sgx_uswitchless_worker_callback_t
callback_func[_SGX_USWITCHLESS_WORKER_EVENT_NUM];
} sgx_uswitchless_config_t;
Members
switchless_calls_pool_size_qwords
Size of the Switchless Calls task pool (1 indicates a task pool of 64 tasks).
Default value: 1 (64 tasks)
Max value: 8 (512 tasks)
#define SL_DEFUALT_MAX_TASKS_QWORDS  
1  
//64
 
#define SL_MAX_TASKS_MAX_QWORDS  
8  
  //512
 
num_uworkers
Number of untrusted worker threads that serve Switchless OCALLs.
num_tworkers
Number of trusted worker threads that serve Switchless ECALLs. This number
is limited by TCSNum defined in an enclave configuration file. Exceeding the

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number of available TCS prevents several trusted worker threads from enter-
ing the enclave.
retries_before_fallback
Number of retries client threads wait (assembly pause) for a worker thread to
start executing a Switchless Call before falling back to a regular ECALL/OCALL.
Default value: 20000
#define SL_DEFAULT_FALLBACK_RETRIES  
20000
retries_before_sleep
Number of retries worker threads wait (assembly pause) on the Task Pool for
an incoming Switchless Call request before the worker thread goes to sleep .
Default value: 20000
#define SL_DEFAULT_SLEEP_RETRIES  
20000
 
Callback_func
Array of 4 callback functions for all event types. Optional, default value: NULL.
Default Initialization
At least one of num_uworkers or num_tworkers must not be 0. If both are
0, sgx_create_enclave_ex will return an error.
Other fields passed as 0 are replaced with the default field value.
A macro with default values provided.
#define SGX_USWITCHLESS_CONFIG_INITIALIZER  
{0, 1, 1, 0, 
 
0, { 0 } }
It will be translated to {1, 1, 1, 20000, 20000, { 0 } }
Requirements
Header sgx_uswitchless.h

sgx_exception_vector_t
The sgx_exception_vector_t enumeration contains the enclave sup-
ported exception vectors. If the exception vector is #BP, the exception type is
SGX_EXCEPTION_SOFTWARE; otherwise, the exception type is SGX_
EXCEPTION_HARDWARE.
Syntax
typedef enum _sgx_exception_vector_t

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{
SGX_EXCEPTION_VECTOR_DE = 0,  
/
  * DIV and DIV instructions */
SGX_EXCEPTION_VECTOR_DB = 1,  
/
  * For Intel use only */
SGX_EXCEPTION_VECTOR_BP = 3,  
/
  * INT 3 instruction */
SGX_EXCEPTION_VECTOR_BR = 5,  
/
  * BOUND instruction */
SGX_EXCEPTION_VECTOR_UD = 6,  
/
  * UD2 instruction or reserved 
opcode */
SGX_EXCEPTION_VECTOR_MF = 16,  /
  * x87 FPU floating-point or 
WAIT/FWAI instruction. */
SGX_EXCEPTION_VECTOR_AC = 17,  /
  * Any data reference in memory */
SGX_EXCEPTION_VECTOR_XM = 19,  /
  * SSE/SSE2/SSE3  
i nstruction */
} sgx_exception_vector_t;
 
Requirements
Header sgx_trts_exception.h

sgx_exception_type_t
The sgx_exception_type_t enumeration contains values that specify the
exception type. If the exception vector is #BP (BreakPoint), the exception
type is SGX_EXCEPTION_SOFTWARE; otherwise, the exception type is SGX_
EXCEPTION_HARDWARE.
Syntax
typedef enum _sgx_exception_type_t
{
SGX_EXCEPTION_HARDWARE = 3,
SGX_EXCEPTION_SOFTWARE = 6,
} sgx_exception_type_t;
 
Requirements
Header sgx_trts_exception.h

sgx_cpu_context_t
The sgx_cpu_content_t structure contains processor-specific register
data. Custom exception handling uses sgx_cpu_context_t structure to
record the CPU context at exception time.
Syntax
#if defined (_M_X64) || defined (__x86_64__)

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typedef struct _cpu_context_t
{
uint64_t rax;
uint64_t rcx;
uint64_t rdx;
uint64_t rbx;
uint64_t rsp;
uint64_t rbp;
uint64_t rsi;
uint64_t rdi;
uint64_t r8;
uint64_t r9;
uint64_t r10;
uint64_t r11;
uint64_t r12;
uint64_t r13;
uint64_t r14;
uint64_t r15;
uint64_t rflags;
uint64_t rip;
} sgx_cpu_context_t;
#else
typedef struct _cpu_context_t
{
uint32_t eax;
uint32_t ecx;
uint32_t edx;
uint32_t ebx;
uint32_t esp;
uint32_t ebp;
uint32_t esi;
uint32_t edi;
uint32_t eflags;
uint32_t eip;
} sgx_cpu_context_t;
#endif
 
Members
rax, rcx, rdx, rbx, rsp, rbp, rsi, rdi, r8 – r15
64-bit general purpose registers
rflags
64-bit program status and control register
rip
64-bit instruction pointer
eax, ecx, edx, ebx, esp, ebp, esi, edi

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32-bit general purpose registers

eflags
32-bit program status and control register
eip
32-bit instruction pointer
Requirements
Header sgx_trts_exception.h

sgx_exception_info_t
A structure of this type contains an exception record with a description of the
exception and processor context record at the time of exception.
Syntax
typedef struct _exception_info_t
{
sgx_cpu_context_t  
c
  pu_context;
sgx_exception_vector_t exception_vector;
sgx_exception_type_t  e
  xception_type;
} sgx_exception_info_t;
 
Members
cpu_context
The context record that contains the processor context at the exception time.
exception_vector
The reason the exception occurs. This is the code generated by a hardware
exception.
exception_type
The exception type.
SGX_EXCEPTION_HARDWARE(3) indicates a HW exception.
SGX_EXCEPTION_SOFTWARE(6) indicates a SW exception.
Requirements
Header sgx_trts_exception.h

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sgx_exception_handler_t
Callback function that serves as a custom exception handler.
Syntax
typedef int (* sgx_exception_handler_t) (sgx_exception_
info_t *info);
 
Members
info
A pointer to sgx_exception_info_t structure that receives the exception
information.
Return value
EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_SEARCH (0)
The exception handler did not handle the exception and the RTS should call
the next exception handler in the chain.
EXCEPTION_CONTINUE_EXECUTION (-1)
The exception handler handled the exception and the RTS should continue
the execution of the enclave.
Requirements
Header sgx_trts_exception.h

sgx_spinlock_t
Data type for a trusted spin lock.
Syntax
typedef volatile uint32_t sgx_spinlock_t;
 
Members
sgx_spinlock_t defines a spin lock object inside the enclave.
Requirements
Header sgx_spinlock.h

sgx_thread_t
Data type to uniquely identify a trusted thread.

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Syntax
typedef uintptr * sgx_thread_t;
 
Members
sgx_thread_t is an opaque data type with no member fields visible to
users. This data type is subject to change. Thus, enclave code should not rely
on the contents of this data object.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h

sgx_thread_mutex_t
Data type for a trusted mutex object.
Syntax
typedef struct sgx_thread_mutex 
{
size_t  
m
  _refcount;
uint32_t  m
  _control;
volatile uint32_t   m
  _lock;
sgx_thread_t   m
  _owner;
sgx_thread_queue_t   m _queue;
} sgx_thread_mutex_t;
 
Members
m_control
Flags to define whether a mutex is recursive or not.
m_refcount
Reference counter of the mutex object. It will be increased by 1 if the mutex is
successfully acquired, and be decreased by 1 if the mutex is released.

NOTE
The counter will be greater than one only if the mutex is recursive.
m_lock
The spin lock used to guarantee atomic updates to the mutex object.
m_owner

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The thread that currently owns the mutex writes its unique thread identifier in
this field, which otherwise is NULL. This field is used for error checking, for
instance to ensure that only the owner of a mutex releases it.
m_queue
Ordered list of threads waiting to acquire the ownership of the mutex. The
queue itself is a structure containing a head and a tail for quick insertion and
removal under FIFO semantics.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h

sgx_thread_mutexattr_t
Attribute for the trusted mutex object.
Syntax
typedef struct sgx_thread_mutex_attr
{
unsigned char m_dummy;
} sgx_thread_mutexattr_t;
 
Members
m_dummy
Dummy member not supposed to be used.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h

sgx_thread_cond_t
Data type for a trusted condition variable.
Syntax
typedef struct sgx_thread_cond 
{
sgx_spinlock_t  
m
  _lock;
sgx_thread_queue_t  m _queue;
} sgx_thread_cond_t;
 

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Members
m_lock
The spin lock used to guarantee atomic updates to the condition variable.
m_queue
Ordered list of threads waiting on the condition variable. The queue itself is a
structure containing a head and a tail for quick insertion and removal under
FIFO semantics.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h

sgx_thread_condattr_t
Attribute for the trusted condition variable.
Syntax
typedef struct sgx_thread_cond_attr 
{
unsigned char m_dummy;
} sgx_thread_condattr_t;
 
Members
m_dummy
Dummy member not supposed to be used.
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h

sgx_thread_sync_object_handle_t
Data type for Intel® SGX thread synchronization object handle.
Syntax
typedef struct _sgx_thread_sync_object_t *sgx_thread_
sync_object_handle_t;
Requirements
Header sgx_thread.h

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sgx_misc_select_t
Enclave misc select bits. The value is 4 byte in length. Currently all the bits are
reserved for future extension.
Requirements
Header sgx_attributes.h

sgx_attributes_t
Enclave attributes definition structure.

NOTE
When specifying an attributes mask used in key derivation, at a minimum the
flags that should be set are INITED, DEBUG and RESERVED bits.

NOTE
The XGETBV instruction can be executed to determine the register sets,
which are parts of the XSAVE state, which corresponds to the xfrm value of
attributes. Since the save state depends on the host system and the operating
system, an attributes mask generally does not include these bits (XFRM is set
to 0).
Syntax
typedef struct _sgx_attributes_t
{
uint64_t flags;
uint64_t xfrm;
} sgx_attributes_t;
 
Members
flags
Flags is a combination of the following values:
Value Description
SGX_FLAGS_INITTED The enclave is initialized
0x0000000000000001ULL
SGX_FLAGS_DEBUG The enclave is a debug enclave
0x0000000000000002ULL
SGX_FLAGS_MODE64BIT The enclave runs in 64 bit mode
0x0000000000000004ULL

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SGX_FLAGS_PROVISION_KEY The enclave has access to a provision key

0x0000000000000010ULL
SGX_FLAGS_EINITTOKEN_KEY The enclave has access to a launch key
0x0000000000000020ULL
SGX_FLAGS_KSS The enclave requires the KSS feature.
0x0000000000000080ULL

xfrm
xfrm is a combination of the following values:

Value Description
SGX_XFRM_LEGACY FPU and Intel® Streaming SIMD Extensions states are
0x0000000000000003ULL saved
SGX_XFRM_AVX Intel® Advanced Vector Extensions state is saved
0x0000000000000006ULL

Requirements
Header sgx_attributes.h

sgx_misc_attribute_t
Enclave misc_select and attributes definition structure.
Syntax
typedef struct _sgx_misc_attributes_t
{
sgx_attributes_t secs_attr;
sgx_misc_select_t misc_select;
} sgx_misc_attribute_t;
Members
secs_attr
The Enclave attributes.
misc_select
The Enclave misc select configuration.
Requirements
Header sgx_attributes.h

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sgx_isv_svn_t
ISV security version. The value is 2 bytes in length. Use this value in key deriv-
ation and obtain it by getting an enclave report (sgx_create_report).
Requirements
Header sgx_key.h

sgx_cpu_svn_t
sgx_cpu_svn_t is a 128-bit value representing the CPU security version.
Use this value in key derivation and obtain it by getting an enclave report
(sgx_create_report).
Syntax
#define SGX_CPUSVN_SIZE 16
typedef struct _sgx_cpu_svn_t {
uint8_t svn[SGX_CPUSVN_SIZE];
} sgx_cpu_svn_t;
 
Requirements
Header sgx_key.h

sgx_key_id_t
sgx_key_id_t is a 256 bit value used in the key request structure. The
value is generally populated with a random value to provide key wear-out pro-
tection.
Syntax
#define SGX_KEYID_SIZE 32
typedef struct _sgx_key_id_t {
uint8_t id[SGX_KEYID_SIZE];
} sgx_key_id_t;
 
Requirements
Header sgx_key.h

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sgx_key_128bit_t
A 128 bit value that is the used to store a derived key from for example the
sgx_get_key function.
Requirements
Header sgx_key.h

sgx_key_request_t
Data structure of a key request used for selecting the appropriate key and any
additional parameters required in the derivation of the key. This is an input
parameter for the sgx_get_key function.
Syntax
typedef struct _key_request_t {
uint16_t  
k
  ey_name;
uint16_t  
k
  ey_policy;
sgx_isv_svn_t   i
  sv_svn;
uint16_t  
r
  eserved1;
sgx_cpu_svn_t   c
  pu_svn;
sgx_attributes_t   a
  ttribute_mask;
sgx_key_id_t  k
  ey_id;
sgx_misc_select_t misc_mask;
sgx_config_svn_t config_svn
uint8_t reserved2[434]
} sgx_key_request_t;
 
Members
key_name
The key name requested. Possible values are below:
Key Name Value Description
SGX_KEYSELECT_ 0x0000 Launch key
EINITTOKEN
SGX_KEYSELECT_ 0x0001 Provisioning key
PROVISION
SGX_KEYSELECT_ 0x0002 Provisioning seal key
PROVISION_SEAL
SGX_KEYSELECT_ 0x0003 Report key
REPORT
SGX_KEYSELECT_ 0x0004 Seal key
SEAL

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key_policy
Identify which inputs are required for the key derivation. Possible values are
below: 
Key policy name Value Description
SGX_KEYPOLICY_MRENCLAVE 0x0001 Derive key using the enclave’s
ENCLAVE measurement
register
SGX_KEYPOLICY_MRSIGNER 0x0002 Derive key using the enclave’s
SIGNER measurement register
SGX_KEYPOLICY_NOISVPRODID 0x0004 Derive key without the
enclave's ISVPRODID
SGX_KEYPOLICY_CONFIGID 0x0008 Derive key with the enclave's
CONFIGID
SGX_KEYPOLICY_ISVFAMILYID 0x0010 Derive key with the enclave's
ISVFAMILYID
SGX_KEYPOLICY_ISVEXTPRODID 0x0020 Derive key with the enclave's
ISVEXTPRODID

NOTE
If MRENCLAVE is used, that key can only be rederived by that particular
enclave.
isv_svn
The ISV security version number that should be used in the key derivation.
reserved1
Reserved for future use. Must be zero.
cpu_svn
The TCB security version number that should be used in the key derivation.
attribute_mask
Attributes mask used to determine which enclave attributes must be included
in the key. It only impacts the derivation of a seal key, a provisioning key, and a
provisioning seal key. See the definition of sgx_attributes_t.
key_id
Value for key wear-out protection. Generally initialized with a random number.
misc_mask

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The misc mask used to determine which enclave misc select must be included
in the key. Reserved for future function extension.
config_svn
The enclave CONFIGSVN field.
reserved2
Reserved for future use. Must be set to zero.
Requirements
Header sgx_key.h

sgx_measurement_t
sgx_measurement_t is a 256-bit value representing the enclave meas-
urement.
Syntax
#define SGX_HASH_SIZE 32
typedef struct _sgx_measurement_t {
uint8_t m[SGX_HASH_SIZE];
} sgx_measurement_t;
 
Requirements
Header sgx_report.h

sgx_mac_t
This type is utilized as storage for the 128-bit CMAC value of the report data.
Requirements
Header sgx_report.h

sgx_report_data_t
sgx_report_data_t is a 512-bit value used for communication between
the enclave and the target enclave. This is one of the inputs to the sgx_cre-
ate_report function.
Syntax
#define SGX_REPORT_DATA_SIZE 64
typedef struct _sgx_report_data_t {

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

uint8_t d[SGX_REPORT_DATA_SIZE];
} sgx_report_data_t;
 
Requirements
Header sgx_report.h

sgx_prod_id_t
A 16-bit value representing the ISV enclave product ID. This value is used in
the derivation of some keys.
Requirements
Header sgx_report.h

sgx_target_info_t
Data structure of report target information. This is an input to functions sgx_
create_report and sgx_init_quote, which are used to identify the
enclave (its measurement and attributes), which will be able to verify the gen-
erated REPORT.
Syntax
typedef struct _targe_info_t 
{
sgx_measurement_t  m
  r_enclave;
sgx_attributes_t  
a
  ttributes;
uint8_t reserved1[2];
sgx_config_svn_t config_svn;
sgx_misc_select_t misc_select;
uint8_t reserved2[8];
sgx_config_id_t config_id;
uint8_t reserved3[384];
} sgx_target_info_t;
Members
mr_enclave
Enclave hash of the target enclave
attributes
Attributes of the target enclave
reserved1
Reserved for future use. Must be set to zero.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

config_svn
Enclave CONFIGSVN.
misc_select
Misc select bits for the target enclave. Reserved for future function extension.
reserved2
Reserved for future use. Must be set to zero.
config_id
Enclave CONFIGID
reserved3
Reserved for future use. Must be set to zero.
Requirements
Header sgx_report.h

sgx_report_body_t
Data structure that contains information about the enclave. This data structure
is a part of the sgx_report_t structure.
Syntax
typedef struct _report_body_t
{
sgx_cpu_svn_t  c
  pu_svn;
sgx_misc_select_t misc_select;
uint8_t reserved1[12];
sgx_isvext_prod_id_t   i
  sv_ext_prod_id;
sgx_attributes_t   a
  ttributes;
sgx_measurement_t mr_enclave;
uint8_t  
r
  eserved2[32];
sgx_measurement_t   m r_signer;
uint8_t  
r
  eserved3[32];
sgx_config_id_t   c
  onfig_id;
sgx_prod_id_t  i sv_prod_id;
sgx_isv_svn_t  i sv_svn;
sgx_config_svn_t   c
  onfig_svn;
uint8_t  
r
  eserved4[42];
sgx_isvfamily_id_t   i
  sv_family_id;
sgx_report_data_t report_data;
} sgx_report_body_t;
 

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Members
cpu_svn
Security version number of the host system TCB (CPU).
misc_select
Misc select bits for the target enclave. Reserved for future function extension.
reserved1
Reserved for future use. Must be set to zero.
isv_ext_prod_id
ISV assigned Extended Product ID.
attributes
Attributes for the enclave. See sgx_attributes_t for the definitions of these
flags.
mr_enclave
Measurement value of the enclave.
reserved2
Reserved for future use. Must be set to zero.
mr_signer
Measurement value of the public key that verified the enclave.
reserved3
Reserved for future use. Must be set to zero.
config_id
The enclave CONFIGID.
isv_prod_id
SV Product ID of the enclave.
isv_svn
ISV security version number of the enclave.
config_svn
CONFIGSVN field.
reserved4

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Reserved for future use. Must be set to zero.

isv_family_id
ISV assigned Family ID.
report_data
Set of data used for communication between the enclave and the target
enclave.
Requirements
Header sgx_report.h

sgx_report_t
Data structure that contains the report information for the enclave. This is the
output parameter from the sgx_create_report function. This is the input
parameter for the sgx_init_quote function.
Syntax
typedef struct _report_t
{
sgx_report_body_t   b
  ody;
sgx_key_id_t  k
  ey_id;
sgx_mac_t  
m
  ac;
} sgx_report_t;
 
Members
body
The data structure containing information about the enclave.
key_id
Value for key wear-out protection.
mac
The CMAC value of the report data using report key.
Requirements
Header sgx_report.h

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

sgx_aes_gcm_data_t
The structure contains the AES GCM* data, payload size, MAC* and payload.
Syntax
typedef struct _aes_gcm_data_t
{
uint32_t  p
  ayload_size;
uint8_t  
r
  eserved[12];
uint8_t  
p
  ayload_tag[SGX_SEAL_TAG_SIZE];
uint8_t  
p
  ayload[];
} sgx_aes_gcm_data_t;
 
Members
payload_size
Size of the payload data which includes both the encrypted data followed by
the additional authenticated data (plain text). The full payload array is part of
the AES GCM MAC calculation.
reserved
Padding to allow the data to be 16 byte aligned.
payload_tag
AES-GMAC of the plain text, payload, and the sizes
payload
The payload data buffer includes the encrypted data followed by the optional
additional authenticated data (plain text),which is not encrypted.

NOTE
The optional additional authenticated data (MAC or plain text) could be data
which identifies the seal data blob and when it was created.
Requirements
Header sgx_tseal.h

sgx_sealed_data_t
Sealed data blob structure containing the key request structure used in the
key derivation. The data structure has been laid out to achieve 16 byte align-
ment. This structure should be allocated within the enclave when the seal

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

operation is performed. After the seal operation, the structure can be copied
outside the enclave for preservation before the enclave is destroyed. The
sealed_data structure needs to be copied back within the enclave before
unsealing.
Syntax
typedef struct _sealed_data_t
{
sgx_key_request_t   k
  ey_request;
uint32_t  p
  lain_text_offset;
uint8_t  
r
  eserved[12];
sgx_aes_gcm_data_t   a es_data;
} sgx_sealed_data_t;
 
Members
key_request
The key request used to derive the seal key.
plain_text_offset
The offset within the aes_data structure payload to the start of the optional
additional MAC text.
reserved
Padding to allow the data to be 16 byte aligned.
aes_data
Structure contains the AES GCM data (payload size, MAC, and payload).
Requirements
Header sgx_tseal.h

sgx_epid_group_id_t
Type for Intel® EPID group id
Syntax
typedef uint8_t sgx_epid_group_id_t[4];
 
Requirements

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Header sgx_quote.h

sgx_basename_t
Type for base name used in sgx_quote.
Syntax
typedef struct _basename_t
{
uint8_t  
n
  ame[32];
} sgx_basename_t;
 
Members
name
The base name used in sgx_quote.
Requirements
Header sgx_quote.h

sgx_quote_t
Type for quote used in remote attestation.
Syntax
typedef struct _quote_t
{
uint16_t  v
  ersion;
uint16_t  s
  ign_type;
sgx_epid_group_id_t epid_group_id;
sgx_isv_svn_t   q
  e_svn;
sgx_isv_svn_t pce_svn;
uint32 xeid;
sgx_basename_t   b
  asename;
sgx_report_body_t   r
  eport_body;
uint32_t  s
  ignature_len;
uint8_t  
s
  ignature[];
} sgx_quote_t;
 
Members
version

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

The version of the quote structure.

sign_type
The indicator of the Intel® EPID signature type.
epid_group_id
The Intel® EPID group id of the platform belongs to.
qe_svn
The svn of the QE.
pce_svn
The svn of the PCE.
extended_epid_group_id
The extended Intel® EPID group ID.
basename
The base name used in sgx_quote.
report_body
The report body of the application enclave.
signature_len
The size in byte of the following signature.
signature
The place holder of the variable length signature.
Requirements
Header sgx_quote.h

sgx_quote_sign_type_t
Enum indicates the quote type, linkable or un-linkable
Syntax
typedef enum {
SGX_UNLINKABLE_SIGNATURE,
SGX_LINKABLE_SIGNATURE
} sgx_quote_sign_type_t;
 

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Requirements
Header sgx_quote.h

sgx_spid_t
Type for a service provider ID.
Syntax
typedef struct _spid_t
{
uint8_t  
i
  d[16];
} sgx_spid_t;
Members
id
The ID of the service provider.
Requirements
Header sgx_quote.h

sgx_quote_nonce_t
This data structure indicates the quote nonce.
Syntax
typedef struct _sgx_quote_nonce
{
uint8_t rand[16];
} sgx_quote_nonce_t;
 
Members
rand
The 16 bytes random number used as nonce.
Requirements
Header sgx_quote.h

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

sgx_att_key_id_t
An opaque type which identifies the attestation key to use when generating a
quote.
 
Syntax
typedef struct _att_key_id_t {
uint8_t att_key_id[256];
} sgx_att_key_id_t;
 
Requirements
Header sgx_quote.h

sgx_qe_report_info_t
Data structure that contains the information from app enclave and report gen-
erated by Quoting Enclave. This is the input and output parameter from the
sgx_get_quote_ex function.
Syntax
typedef struct _qe_report_info_t
{
sgx_quote_nonce_t nonce;
sgx_target_info_t app_enclave_target_info;
sgx_report_t qe_report;
} sgx_qe_report_info_t;
 
Members
nonce
The quote nonce from app enclave used to generate quote.
app_enclave_target_info
The target info of the app enclave used to generate quote.
qe_report
The report generated by Quote Enclave.
Requirements

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Header sgx_quote.h

sgx_time_source_nonce_t
Nonce of time source. It’s opaque to users.
Syntax
typedef uint8_t sgx_time_source_nonce_t[32];
Requirements
Header sgx_tae_service.h

sgx_time_t
Type for trusted time.
Syntax
typedef uint64_t sgx_time_t;
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tae_service.h

sgx_ps_cap_t
Type indicating the platform service capability.
Syntax
typedef struct _sgx_ps_cap_t
{
uint32_t  
p
  s_cap0;
uint32_t  
p
  s_cap1;
} sgx_ps_cap_t;
 
Members
ps_cap0
Bit 0 : Trusted Time service
Bit 1 : Monotonic Counter service
Bit 2 : Reserved
Bit 3 : Secure Message service

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Bit 4-31 : Reserved

ps_cap1
Bit 0-31 : Reserved
Requirements
Header sgx_uae_service.h

sgx_ps_sec_prop_desc_t
Security property descriptor of platform service. It’s opaque to users.
Syntax
typedef struct _ps_sec_prop_desc
{
uint8_t  
s gx_ps_sec_prop_desc[256];
} sgx_ps_sec_prop_desc_t;
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tae_service.h

sgx_ps_sec_prop_desc_ex_t
Security property descriptor of platform service with extended platform ser-
vice information.
Syntax
typedef struct _ps_sec_prop_desc_ex
{
sgx_ps_sec_prop_desc_t  
p s_sec_prop_desc;
sgx_measurement_t pse_mrsigner;
sgx_prod_id_t pse_prod_id;
sgx_isv_svn_t pse_isv_svn;
} sgx_ps_sec_prop_desc_ex_t;
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tae_service.h

sgx_mc_uuid_t
The data structure of a monotonic counter.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Syntax
#define SGX_MC_UUID_COUNTER_ID_SIZE 3
#define SGX_MC_UUID_NONCE_SIZE  
13
 
typedef struct _mc_uuid
{
uint8_t counter_id[SGX_MC_UUID_COUNTER_ID_SIZE];
uint8_t nonce[SGX_MC_UUID_NONCE_SIZE];
} sgx_mc_uuid_t;
 
Members
counter_id
ID number of the monotonic counter.
nonce
Nonce associated with the monotonic counter.
Requirements
Header sgx_tae_service.h

sgx_ra_context_t
Type for a context returned by the key exchange library.
Syntax
typedef uint32_t sgx_ra_context_t;
 
Requirements
Header sgx_key_exchange.h

sgx_ra_key_128_t
Type for 128 bit key used in remote attestation.
Syntax
typedef uint8_t sgx_ra_key_128_t[16];
Requirements
Header sgx_key_exchange.h

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

sgx_ra_derive_secret_keys_t
The sgx_ra_derive_secret_keys_t function should take the Diffie-Hell-
man shared secret as input to allow the ISV enclave to generate their own
derived shared keys (SMK, SK, MK and VK). Implementation of the function
should return the appropriate return value.
Syntax
typedef sgx_status_t(*sgx_ra_derive_secret_keys_t)(
const sgx_ec256_dh_shared_t* p_shared_key,
uint16_t kdf_id,
sgx_ec_key_128bit_t* p_smk_key,
sgx_ec_key_128bit_t* p_sk_key,
sgx_ec_key_128bit_t* p_mk_key,
sgx_ec_key_128bit_t* p_vk_key
);
Parameters
p_shared_key [in]
The the Diffie-Hellman shared secret.
kdf_id [in]
Key Derivation Function ID.
p_smk_key [out]
The output SMK.
p_sk_key [out]
The output SK.
p_mk_key [out]
The output MK.
p_vk_key [out]
The output VK.
Return value
SGX_SUCCESS
Indicates success.
SGX_ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER
Indicates an error that the input parameters are invalid.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

SGX_ERROR_KDF_MISMATCH
Indicates key derivation function does not match.
SGX_ERROR_OUT_OF_MEMORY
Not enough memory is available to complete this operation, or contexts reach
the limits.
SGX_ERROR_UNEXPECTED
Indicates that an unexpected error occurred.
Description
A pointer to a call back routine matching the function prototype.
 
Requirements
Header sgx_tkey_exchange.h

sgx_ra_key_type_t
Enum of the key types used in remote attestation.
Syntax
typedef enum _sgx_ra_key_type_t
{
SGX_RA_KEY_SK = 1,
SGX_RA_KEY_MK,
SGX_RA_KEY_VK,
} sgx_ra_key_type_t;
 
Requirements
Header sgx_key_exchange.h

sgx_ra_msg1_t
This data structure describes the message 1 that is used in remote attestation
and key exchange protocol.
Syntax
typedef struct _sgx_ra_msg1_t
{

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

sgx_ec256_public_t  
g
  _a;
sgx_epid_group_id_t  g
  id;
} sgx_ra_msg1_t;
 
Members
g_a (Little Endian)
The public EC key of an application enclave, based on NIST P-256 elliptic
curve.
gid (Little Endian)
ID of the Intel® EPID group of the platform belongs to.
Requirements
Header sgx_key_exchange.h

sgx_ra_msg2_t
This data structure describes the message 2 that is used in the remote attest-
ation and key exchange protocol.
Syntax
typedef struct _sgx_ra_msg2_t
{
sgx_ec256_public_t   g
  _b;
sgx_spid_t   s
  pid;
uint16_t quote_type;
uint16_t kdf_id;
sgx_ec256_signature_t   s
  ign_gb_ga;
sgx_mac_t   m
  ac;
uint32_t  s
  ig_rl_size;
uint8_t  
s
  ig_rl[];
} sgx_ra_msg2_t;
 
Members
g_b (Little Endian)
Public EC key of service provider, based on the NIST P-256 elliptic curve.
spid
ID of the service provider
quote_type (Little Endian)

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Indicates the quote type, linkable (1) or un-linkable (0).

kdf_id (Litte Endian)
Key derivation function id.
sign_gb_ga (Litte Endian)
ECDSA Signature of (g_b||g_a), using the service provider’s ECDSA private
key corresponding to the public key specified in sgx_ra_init or sgx_ra_
init_ex function, where g_b is the public EC key of the service provider and
g_a is the public key of application enclave, provided by the application
enclave, in the remote attestation and key exchange message 1.
mac
AES-CMAC of gb, spid 2-byte TYPE, 2-byte KDF-ID, and sign_gb_ga using
SMK as the AES-CMAC key. SMK is derived as follows:
KDK= AES-CMAC(key0, LittleEndian(gab x-coordinate))
SMK = AES-CMAC(KDK, 0x01||’SMK’||0x00||0x80||0x00)
The key0 used in the key extraction operation is 16 bytes of 0x00. The plain
text used in the AES-CMAC calculation of the KDK is the Diffie-Hellman shared
secret elliptic curve field element in Little Endian format.
The plain text used in the SMK calculation includes:
 l a counter (0x01)
 l a label: the ASCII representation of the string 'SMK' in Little Endian
format
 l a bit length (0x80)

If the ISV needs to use a different KDF than the default KDF used by Intel®
SGX PSW, the ISV can use the sgx_ra_init_ex API to provide a callback
function to generate the remote attestation keys used in the SIGMA protocol
(SMK), verification (VK) and returned by the API sgx_ra_get_keys (SK, MK).
sig_rl_size
Size of the sig_rl, in bytes.
sig_rl
Pointer to the Intel® EPID Signature Revocation List Certificate of the Intel®
EPID group identified by the gid in the remote attestation and key exchange
message 1.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Requirements
Header sgx_key_exchange.h

sgx_ra_msg3_t
This data structure describes message 3 that is used in the remote attestation
and key exchange protocol.
Syntax
typedef struct _sgx_ra_msg3_t
{
sgx_mac_t  m
  ac;
sgx_ec256_public_t  
g
  _a;
sgx_ps_sec_prop_desc_t   p
  s_sec_prop;
uint8_t  
q
  uote[];
} sgx_ra_msg3_t;
 
Members
mac
AES-CMAC of g_a, ps_sec_prop, GID, and quote[], using SMK. SMK is derived
follows:
KDK = AES-CMAC(key0, LittleEndian(gab x-coordinate))
SMK = AES-CMAC(KDK, 0x01||’SMK’||0x00||0x80||0x00)
The key0 used in the key extraction operation is 16 bytes of 0x00. The plain
text used in the AES-CMAC calculation of the KDK is the Diffie-Hellman shared
secret elliptic curve field element in Little Endian format.
The plain text used in the SMK calculation includes:
 l a counter (0x01)
 l a label (the ASCII representation of the string 'SMK' in Little Endian
format)
 l a bit length (0x80)

If the ISV needs to use a different KDF than the default KDF used by Intel®
SGX PSW, the ISV can use the sgx_ra_init_ex API to provide a callback
function to generate the remote attestation keys used in the SIGMA protocol
(SMK), verification (VK) and returned by the API sgx_ra_get_keys (SK, MK).

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

g_a (Little Endian)

Public EC key of application enclave
ps_sec_prop
Security property of the Intel® SGX Platform Service. If the Intel® SGX Platform
Service security property information is not required in the remote attestation
and key exchange process, this field will be all 0s.
quote
Quote returned from sgx_get_quote. The first 32-byte report_body.re-
port_data field in Quote is set to SHA256 hash of ga, gb and VK, and the
second 32-byte is set to all 0s. VK is derived from the Diffie-Hellman shared
secret elliptic curve field element between the service provider and the
application enclave:
KDK= AES-CMAC(key0,  
LittleEndian(gab x-coordinate))
VK = AES-CMAC(KDK, 0x01||’VK’||0x00||0x80||0x00)
The key0 used in the key extraction operation is 16 bytes of 0x00. The plain
text used in the AES-CMAC calculation of the KDK is the Diffie-Hellman shared
secret elliptic curve field element in Little Endian format.
The plain text used in the VKcalculation includes:
 l a counter (0x01)
 l a label (the ASCII representation of the string 'VK' in Little Endian format)
 l a bit length (0x80).

If the ISV needs to use a different KDF than the default KDF used by Intel®
SGX PSW, the ISV can use the sgx_ra_init_ex API to provide a callback
function to generate the remote attestation keys used in the SIGMA protocol
(SMK), verification (VK) and returned by the API sgx_ra_get_keys (SK, MK).
Requirements
Header sgx_key_exchange.h

sgx_ecall_get_ga_trusted_t
Function pointer of proxy function generated from sgx_tkey_
exchange.edl.
Syntax
typedef sgx_status_t (* sgx_ecall_get_ga_trusted_t)(

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

sgx_enclave_id_t eid,
int* retval,
sgx_ra_context_t context,
sgx_ec256_public_t *g_a // Little Endian
);
Note that the 4th parameter this function takes should be in little endian
format.
Requirements
Header sgx_ukey_exchange.h

sgx_ecall_proc_msg2_trusted_t
Function pointer of proxy function generated from sgx_tkey_
exchange.edl.
Syntax
typedef sgx_status_t (* sgx_ecall_proc_msg2_trusted_t)(
sgx_enclave_id_t eid,
int* retval,
sgx_ra_context_t context,
const sgx_ra_msg2_t *p_msg2,
const sgx_target_info_t *p_qe_target,
sgx_report_t *p_report,
sgx_quote_nonce_t *p_nonce
);
 
Requirements
Header sgx_ukey_exchange.h

sgx_ecall_get_msg3_trusted_t
Function pointer of proxy function generated from sgx_tkey_
exchange.edl.
Syntax
typedef sgx_status_t (* sgx_ecall_get_msg3_trusted_t)(
sgx_enclave_id_t eid,
int* retval,
sgx_ra_context_t context,
uint32_t quote_size,
sgx_report_t* qe_report,
sgx_ra_msg3_t *p_msg3,
uint32_t msg3_size
);

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

 
Requirements
Header sgx_ukey_exchange.h

sgx_platform_info_t
This opaque data structure indicates the platform information received from
Intel Attestation Server.
Syntax
#define SGX_PLATFORM_INFO_SIZE 101
typedef struct _platform_info
{
uint8_t platform_info[SGX_PLATFORM_INFO_SIZE];
} sgx_platform_info_t;
 
Members
platform_info
The platform information.
Requirements
Header sgx_quote.h

sgx_update_info_bit_t
Type for information of what components of Intel SGX need to be updated
and how to update them.
Syntax
typedef struct _update_info_bit
{
int ucodeUpdate;
int csmeFwUpdate;
int pswUpdate;
} sgx_update_info_bit_t;
Members
ucodeUpdate
Whether the ucode needs to be updated.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

csmeFwUpdate
Whether the csme firmware needs to be updated.
pswUpdate
Whether the platform software needs to be updated.
Requirements
Header sgx_quote.h

sgx_dh_msg1_t
Type for MSG1 used in DH secure session establishment.
Syntax
typedef struct _sgx_dh_msg1_t
{
sgx_ec256_public_t g_a;
sgx_target_info_t target;
} sgx_dh_msg1_t;
 
Members
g_a (Little Endian)
Public EC key of responder enclave of DH session establishment, based on the
NIST P-256 elliptic curve.
target
Report target info to be used by the peer enclave to generate the Intel® SGX
report in the message 2 of the DH secure session protocol.
Requirements
Header sgx_dh.h

sgx_dh_msg2_t
Type for MSG2 used in DH secure session establishment.
Syntax
typedef struct _sgx_dh_msg2_t
{
sgx_ec256_public_t g_b;

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sgx_report_t report;
uint8_t cmac[SGX_DH_MAC_SIZE];
} sgx_dh_msg2_t;
 
Members
g_b (Little Endian)
Public EC key of initiator enclave of DH session establishment, based on the
NIST P-256 elliptic curve.
report
Intel® SGX report of initiator enclave of DH session establishment. The first 32-
byte of the report_data field of the report is set to SHA256 hash of g_a and g_
b, where g_a is the EC Public key of the responder enclave and g_b is the EC
public key of the initiator enclave. The second 32-byte of the report_data
field is set to all 0s.
cmac[SGX_DH_MAC_SIZE]
AES-CMAC value of g_b,report, 2-byte KDF-ID, and 0x00s using SMK as the
AES-CMAC key. SMK is derived as follows:
KDK= AES-CMAC(key0, LittleEndian(gab x-coordinate))
SMK = AES-CMAC(KDK, 0x01||’SMK’||0x00||0x80||0x00)
The key0 used in the key extraction operation is 16 bytes of 0x00. The plain
text used in the AES-CMAC calculation of the KDK is the Diffie-Hellman shared
secret elliptic curve field element in Little Endian format.
The plain text used in the SMK calculation includes:
 l a counter (0x01)
 l a label: the ASCII representation of the string 'SMK' in Little Endian
format
 l a bit length (0x80)

Requirements
Header sgx_dh.h

sgx_dh_msg3_t
Type for MSG3 used in DH secure session establishment.
Syntax

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

typedef struct _sgx_dh_msg3_t
{
uint8_t cmac[SGX_DH_MAC_SIZE];
sgx_dh_msg3_body_t msg3_body;
} sgx_dh_msg3_t;
 
Members
cmac[SGX_DH_MAC_SIZE]
CMAC value of message body of MSG3, using SMK as the AES-CMAC key. SMK
is derived as follows:
KDK= AES-CMAC(key0, LittleEndian(gab x-coordinate))
SMK = AES-CMAC(KDK, 0x01||’SMK’||0x00||0x80||0x00)
The key0 used in the key extraction operation is 16 bytes of 0x00. The plain
text used in the AES-CMAC calculation of the KDK is the Diffie-Hellman shared
secret elliptic curve field element in Little Endian format.
The plain text used in the SMK calculation includes:
 l a counter (0x01)
 l a label: the ASCII representation of the string 'SMK' in Little Endian
format
 l a bit length (0x80)

msg3_body
Variable length message body of MSG3.
Requirements
Header sgx_dh.h

sgx_dh_msg3_body_t
Type for message body of the MSG3 structure used in DH secure session
establishment.
Syntax
typedef struct _sgx_dh_msg3_body_t
{
sgx_report_t report;

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

uint32_t additional_prop_length;
uint8_t additional_prop[0];
} sgx_dh_msg3_body_t;
 
Members
report
Intel® SGX report of responder enclave. The first 32-byte of the report_data
field of the report is set to SHA256 hash of g_b and g_a, where g_a is the EC
Public key of the responder enclave and g_b is the EC public key of the ini-
tiator enclave. The second 32-byte of the report_data field is set to all 0s.
additional_prop_length
Length of additional property field in bytes.
additional_prop[0]
Variable length buffer holding additional data that the responder enclave may
provide.
Requirements
Header sgx_dh.h

sgx_dh_session_enclave_identity_t
Type for enclave identity of initiator or responder used in DH secure session
establishment.
Syntax
typedef struct _sgx_dh_session_enclave_identity_t
{
sgx_cpu_svn_t cpu_svn;
uint8_t reserved_1[32];
sgx_attributes_t attributes;
sgx_measurement_t mr_enclave;
uint8_t reserved_2[32];
sgx_measurement_t mr_signer;
uint8_t reserved_3[96];
sgx_prod_id_t isv_prod_id;
sgx_isv_svn_t isv_svn;
} sgx_dh_session_enclave_identity_t;
 
Members

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

cpu_svn
Security version number of CPU.
reserved_1[32]
Reserved 32 bytes.
attributes
Intel SGX attributes of enclave.
mr_enclave
Measurement of enclave.
reserved_2[32]
Reserved 32 bytes.
mr_signer
Measurement of enclave signer.
reserved_3[96]
Reserved 96 bytes.
isv_prod_id (Little Endian)
Product ID of ISV enclave.
isv_svn (Little Endian)
Security version number of ISV enclave.
Requirements
Header sgx_dh.h

sgx_dh_session_role_t
Type for role of establishing a DH secure session used in DH secure session
establishment.
Syntax
typedef enum _sgx_dh_session_role_t
{
SGX_DH_SESSION_INITIATOR,
SGX_DH_SESSION_RESPONDER
} sgx_dh_session_role_t;

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

 
Members
SGX_DH_SESSION_INITIATOR
Initiator of a DH session establishment.
SGX_DH_SESSION_RESPONDER
Responder of a DH session establishment.
Requirements
Header sgx_dh.h

sgx_dh_session_t
Type for session used in DH secure session establishment.
Syntax
typedef struct _sgx_dh_session_t
{
uint8_t sgx_dh_session[SGX_DH_SESSION_DATA_SIZE];
} sgx_dh_session_t;
 
Members
sgx_dh_session
Data of DH session.
The array size of sgx_dh_session SGX_DH_SESSION_DATA_SIZE is defined as
200 bytes.
Requirements
Header sgx_dh.h

sgx_device_status_t
Type for the status of Intel® SGX device after the dynamic enabling.
Syntax
typedef enum _sgx_device_status_t
{
SGX_ENABLED,
SGX_DISABLED_REBOOT_REQUIRED,

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SGX_DISABLED_LEGACY_OS,
SGX_DISABLED,
SGX_DISABLED_SCI_AVAILABLE,
SGX_DISABLED_MANUAL_ENABLE,
SGX_DISABLED_HYPERV_ENABLED,
SGX_DIABLED_UNSUPPORTED_CPU
} sgx_device_status_t;
 
Members
SGX_ENABLED
Intel SGX device is enabled.
SGX_DISABLED_REBOOT_REQUIRED
Intel SGX device is disabled and a reboot is required to enable it.
SGX_DISABLED_LEGACY_OS
The operating system is a legacy system and does not support enabling Intel
SGX device dynamically.
SGX_DISABLED
Intel SGX device is disabled.
SGX_DISABLED_SCI_AVAILABLE
Intel SGX device is disabled, but a Software Control Interface is available to
enable it dynamically.
SGX_DISABLED_MANUAL_ENABLE
Intel SGX device is disabled, but can be enabled manually in the BIOS setup.
SGX_DISABLED_HYPERV_ENABLED
An unsupported version of Windows* 10 is detected with Hyper-V enabled.
SGX_DISABLED_UNSUPPORTED_CPU
Intel SGX is not supported by this CPU.
Requirements
Header sgx_capable.h

sgx_config_svn_t
16-bits value representing the enclave CONFIGSVN. This value is used in the
derivation of some keys.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Requirements
Header sgx_key.h

sgx_config_id_t
64-bytes value representing the enclave CONFIGID. This value is used in the
derivation of some keys.
Requirements
Header sgx_key.h

sgx_isvext_prod_id_t
16-bytes value representing the enclave Extended Product ID. This value is
used in the derivation of some keys.
Requirements
Header sgx_report.h

sgx_isvfamily_id_t
16-bytes value representing the enclave product Family ID. This value is used
in the derivation of some keys.
Requirements
Header sgx_report.h

sgx_kss_config_t
Structure of this type contains CONFIGSVN and CONFIGID values for a KSS
enabled enclave. You can specify different CONFIGSVN and CONFIGID values
for the enclave to have additional control options over the key derivation pro-
cess.
Syntax
typedef struct _sgx_kss_config_t {
sgx_config_id_t config_id;
sgx_config_svn_t config_svn;
} sgx_kss_config_t;
Members
config_id
64-bytes value representing the enclave CONFIGID.
config_svn

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

16-bits value representing the enclave CONFIGSVN.

Requirements
Header sgx_urts.h

align_req_t
align_req_t is an offset-length pair used to describe the secrets within a
structure.
 
Syntax
typedef struct _req_data_t {
size_t offset;
size_t len;
} req_data_t;
 
Requirements
Header sgx_secure_align_api.h

custom_alignment_aligned
custom_alignment_aligned is a class template used to align secrets that
are statically-defined, for example, on the stack.
 
Syntax
template<class T, std:size_t A, std::size_t… OLs>
class custom_alignment_aligned;
 
T is the class, structure, or type that needs alignment, for example, a structure
representing or containing a cryptographic key.
A is the desired, traditional alignment of T. Do not confuse it with the align-
ment needed to mitigate the vulnerability - the two are related, but different.
OLs is a variable-length list of offset-length pairs. Each pair describes a secret
within T. If T represents a single secret, there is only one pair, (0, sizeof(T)).
 
Requirements

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Header sgx_secure_align.h

Error Codes
Table 17 Error code
Value Error Name Description
0x0000 SGX_SUCCESS  
0x0001 SGX_ERROR_ An unexpected error.
UNEXPECTED
0x0002 SGX_ERROR_ The parameter is incorrect.
INVALID_
PARAMETER
0x0003 SGX_ERROR_ There is not enough memory available to com-
OUT_OF_ plete this operation.
MEMORY
0x0004 SGX_ERROR_ The enclave is lost after power transition.
ENCLAVE_LOST
0x0005 SGX_ERROR_ The API is invoked in incorrect order or state.
INVALID_STATE
0x0007 SGX_ERROR_ Incompatible versions of Windows* 10 OS and
HYPERV_ Hyper-V* are detected. Disable Hyper-V on the tar-
ENABLED get system.
0x0008 SGX_ERROR_ The feature is not supported.
FEATURE_NOT_
SUPPORTED
0x1001 SGX_ERROR_ The ECALL or OCALL function index is incorrect.
INVALID_
FUNCTION
0x1003 SGX_ERROR_ The enclave is out of TCS.
OUT_OF_TCS
0x1006 SGX_ERROR_ The enclave has crashed.
ENCLAVE_
CRASHED
0x1007 SGX_ERROR_ ECALL is not allowed at this time. Possible reasons:
ECALL_NOT_
 l ECALL is not public.
ALLOWED
 l ECALL is blocked by the dynamic entry table.
 l A nested ECALL is not allowed during global

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

initialization.
0x1008 SGX_ERROR_ OCALL is not allowed during exception handling.
OCALL_NOT_
ALLOWED
0x2000 SGX_ERROR_ The enclave contains an import table.
UNDEFINED_
SYMBOL
0x2001 SGX_ERROR_ The enclave image is incorrect.
INVALID_
ENCLAVE
0x2002 SGX_ERROR_ The enclave ID is invalid.
INVALID_
ENCLAVE_ID
0x2003 SGX_ERROR_ The signature is invalid.
INVALID_
SIGNATURE
0x2004 SGX_ERROR_ The enclave is signed as a product enclave and can-
NDEBUG_ not be created as a debuggable enclave.
ENCLAVE
0x2005 SGX_ERROR_ There is not enough EPC available to load the
OUT_OF_EPC enclave or one of the Architecture Enclaves
needed to complete the operation requested.
0x2006 SGX_ERROR_ Cannot open the device.
NO_DEVICE
0x2007 SGX_ERROR_ Page mapping failed in the driver.
MEMORY_MAP_
CONFLICT
0x2009 SGX_ERROR_ The metadata is incorrect.
INVALID_
METADATA
0x200C SGX_ERROR_ Device is busy.
DEVICE_BUSY
0x200D SGX_ERROR_ Metadata version is inconsistent between uRTS
INVALID_ and sgx_sign or the uRTS is incompatible with
VERSION the current platform.
0x200E SGX_ERROR_ The target enclave (32/64 bit or HS/Sim) mode is
MODE_ incompatible with the uRTS mode.
INCOMPATIBLE

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

0x200F SGX_ERROR_ Cannot open the enclave file.

ENCLAVE_FILE_
ACCESS
0x2010 SGX_ERROR_ The MiscSelect or MiscMask settings are incorrect.
INVALID_MISC
0x2012 SGX_ERROR_ Attempt to change system memory that should
MEMORY_ not be modified.
LOCKED
0x3001 SGX_ERROR_ Report verification error.
MAC_MISMATCH
0x3002 SGX_ERROR_ The enclave is not authorized.
INVALID_
ATTRIBUTE
0x3003 SGX_ERROR_ The CPU SVN is beyond the CPU SVN value of the
INVALID_ platform.
CPUSVN
0x3004 SGX_ERROR_ The ISV SVN is greater than the ISV SVN value of
INVALID_ISVSVN the enclave.
0x3005 SGX_ERROR_ Unsupported key name value.
INVALID_
KEYNAME
0x4001 SGX_ERROR_ AE service does not respond or the requested ser-
SERVICE_ vice is not supported.
UNAVAILABLE
0x4002 SGX_ERROR_ The request to AE service timed out.
SERVICE_
TIMEOUT
0x4003 SGX_ERROR_AE_ Intel® EPID blob verification error.
INVALID_
EPIDBLOB
0x4004 SGX_ERROR_ Enclave has no privilege to get a launch token.
SERVICE_
INVALID_
PRIVILEDGE
0x4005 SGX_ERROR_ The Intel® EPID group membership has been
EPID_MEMBER_ revoked. The platform is not trusted. Updating the
REVOKED platform and repeating the operation will not rem-
edy the revocation.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

0x4006 SGX_ERROR_ Intel® SGX requires update.

UPDATE_
NEEDED
0x4007 SGX_ERROR_ Network connecting or proxy setting issue is
NETWORK_ encountered.
FAILURE
0x4008 SGX_ERROR_AE_ The session is invalid or ended by the server.
SESSION_
INVALID
0x400a SGX_ERROR_ The requested service is temporarily not available.
BUSY
0x400c SGX_ERROR_ The Monotonic Counter does not exist or has been
MC_NOT_FOUND invalidated.
0x400d SGX_ERROR_ The caller does not have the access right to the
MC_NO_ specified VMC.
ACCESS_RIGHT
0x400e SGX_ERROR_ No monotonic counter is available.
MC_USED_UP
0x400f SGX_ERROR_ Monotonic counters reached quota limit.
MC_OVER_
QUOTA
0x4011 SGX_ERROR_ Key derivation function does not match during key
KDF_MISMATCH exchange.
0x4012 SGX_ERROR_ Intel® EPID Provisioning failed because the plat-
UNRECOGNIZED_ form is not recognized by the back-end server.
PLATFORM
0x4013 SGX_ERROR_ The secure message service instance has been
SM_SERVICE_ closed.
CLOSED
0x4014 SGX_ERROR_ The secure message service applet does not have
SM_SERVICE_ an existing session.
UNAVAILABLE
0x4015 SGX_ERROR_ The secure message service instances terminated
SM_SERVICE_ with an uncaught exception.
UNCAUGHT_
EXCEPTION
0x4016 SGX_ERROR_ The response data of the service applet is too
SM_SERVICE_ large.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

RESPONSE_
OVERFLOW
0x4017 SGX_ERROR_ The secure message service got an internal error.
SM_SERVICE_
INTERNAL_
ERROR
0x5002 SGX_ERROR_ You do not have privilege to perform the oper-
NO_PRIVILEGE ation.
0x6001 SGX_ERROR_ (Intel® SGX PCL) Trying to load an encrypted
PCL_ENCRYPTED enclave using the wrong API or with wrong para-
meters
0x6002 SGX_ERROR_ (Intel® SGX PCL) Trying to load an enclave that is
PCL_NOT_ not encrypted using API or parameters for encryp-
ENCRYPTED ted enclaves
0x7001 SGX_ERROR_ The file is in a bad status. Run sgx_clearerr to
FILE_BAD_ try and fix it.
STATUS
0x7002 SGX_ERROR_ The Key ID field is all zeros, cannot re-generate the
FILE_NO_KEY_ID encryption key.
0x7003 SGX_ERROR_ The current file name is different than the original
FILE_NAME_ file name (not allowed, substitution attack).
MISMATCH
0x7004 SGX_ERROR_ The file is not an Intel® SGX file.
FILE_NOT_SGX_
FILE
0x7005 SGX_ERROR_ A recovery file cannot be opened, so the flush oper-
FILE_CANT_ ation cannot continue (only used when no EXXX is
OPEN_ returned).
RECOVERY_FILE
0x7006 SGX_ERROR_ A recovery file cannot be written, so the flush oper-
FILE_CANT_ ation cannot continue (only used when no EXXX is
WRITE_ returned).
RECOVERY_FILE
0x7007 SGX_ERROR_ When opening the file, recovery is needed, but the
FILE_RECOVERY_ recovery process failed.
NEEDED
0x7008 SGX_ERROR_ fflush operation (to the disk) failed (only used
FILE_FLUSH_ when no EXXX is returned).

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

FAILED
0x7009 SGX_ERROR_ fclose operation (to the disk) failed (only used
FILE_CLOSE_ when no EXXX is returned).
FAILED
0x8001 SGX_ERROR_ Platform quoting infrastructure does not support
UNSUPPORTED_ the key.
ATT_KEY_ID
0x8002 SGX_ERROR_ Failed to generate and certify the attestation key.
ATT_KEY_
CERTIFICATION_
FAILURE
0x8003 SGX_ERROR_ The platform quoting infrastructure does not have
ATT_KEY_ the attestation key available to generate a quote.
UNINITIALIZED
0x8004 SGX_ERROR_ The data returned by the sgx_get_quote_con-
INVALID_ATT_ fig() of the platform library is invalid.
KEY_CERT_DATA
0x8005 SGX_ERROR_ The PCK Cert for the platform is not available.
PLATFORM_
CERT_
UNAVAILABLE

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Container Support on Windows

Docker containers on Windows* are supported on Windows* Server 2019, Win-
dows* IOT Core 2019, and Windows* IOT Enterprise 2019. This document will
describe how to use Intel® SGX in Windows* Nanoserver containers on Win-
dows* Server 2019, but the concepts / instructions can be generalized for the
other host OSes and Docker containers.
 
 

Windows* Nano Server Installation

A quick set of powershell commands to set up your environment on Windows*
Server 2019 to support Docker containers are:
Install-Module -Name DockerMsftProvider -Repository 
PSGallery -Force
Install-Package -Name docker -ProviderName 
DockerMsftProvider
Restart-Computer -Force
A full description of the installation and configuration of the container envir-
onment is beyond the scope of this document. That information can be found
in
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/virtualization/windowscontainers/quick-
start/set-up-environment.
Once you have configured Docker, you can run a Windows* Nano Server con-
tainer by running the following command in powershell:
docker run -it --isolation=process 
mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver:1809

Building a Windows* Nano Server Test Application

To build applications that can be launched in Windows* Nano Server, you
need to make sure they are OneCore compliant. Enclave projects are already
compatible with Windows* Nano Server, but a typical Windows* Console
Application is not. The Windows* Driver Kit (WDK) contains a project template
"Application for Windows Drivers" that has the appropriate settings. These set-
tings include generating code using /MT instead of /MD, as well as linking

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

against OneCore.lib and ucrt.lib, while ignoring kernel32.lib, user-

32.lib, and libucrt.lib.
To set these manually, configure your application's project properties:
C/C++
Code Generation
Runtime Library:  
/MT for release, /MTd 
 
for debug
Linker
General
Additional Library Directories:
$(WindowsSDK_LibraryPath)\$(Plat-
formTarget);
$(VC_LibraryPath_VC_x86_OneCore) 
for 32bit or $(VC_LibraryPath_
VC_x64_OneCore) for 64bit
[Debug]Input

Additional Dependencies: 
OneCore.lib; ucrt[d].lib;
Ignore Specific Default Librar-
ies: kernel32.lib; user-
32.lib;libucrt[d].lib;

The QuoteGenerationSample project is an example of a project configured to

be OneCore compliant.
 

Running the Test Application

If your test application is located in c:\sgx_test, you can mount this dir-
ectory into your container by executing:
docker run -it --isolation=process -v c:\sgx_
test:c:\sgx_test 
mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver:1809

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Note that if the test application has any additional DLL dependencies, they
must also be mounted or copied into the container.
If your application requires "Flexible Launch Control", first make sure that the
Windows* Server 2019 host has opted in to support this feature and your con-
tainer must be launched with support for this device driver.

Enabling Flexible Launch Control support on the host

In order to enable this feature on the host, add a DWORD named SGX_Launch_
Config_Optin with value 1 to
HKEY_LOCAL_
MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\sgx_lc_
msr\Parameters

Windows* Nano Server with Flexible Launch Control support

In order to add the Flexible Launch Control device to the container, you must
pass the --device option, and pass the GUID for the SGX Launch Token Inter-
face:
--device="class/17eaf82e-e167-4763-b569-5b8273cef6e1"
For example,
docker run -it --isolation=process --
device="class/17eaf82e-e167-4763-b569-5b8273cef6e1" 
mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver:1809
In Windows*, using --device is only supported on containers that use process
isolation. Containers that use hyperv isolation do not support this option.

Putting it all together

 
If your application uses the Intel® SGX PSW as well as the
Intel® SGX DCAP libraries, you could run on the host something like:
docker run -it --isolation=process -v c:\sgx\psw:c:\sgx_
psw -v c:\sgx\dcap:c:\sgx_dcap -v c:\sgx\test:c:\sgx_
test --device="class/17eaf82e-e167-4763-b569-5b8273ce-
f6e1" mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver:1809

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Where c:\sgx\psw is a directory on the host OS that contains the

Intel® SGX PSW, c:\sgx\dcap contains the Intel® SGX DCAP binaries, and
c:\sgx\test contains the test collateral.
Once you are in the Windows* Nano Server shell, you can run:
C:\>cd sgx_test
C:\sgx_test>mkdir c:\sgx_runtime
C:\sgx_test>copy c:\sgx_psw\sgx*dll c:\sgx_runtime
C:\sgx_test>set PATH=%PATH%;c:\sgx_runtime;c:\sgx_dcap
C:\sgx_test>.\App.exe
This step is optional: the default enclave load policy 
is persistent:
set the enclave load policy as persistent:succeed!
Step1: Call sgx_qe_get_target_info:succeed!
Step2: Call create_app_report:succeed!
Step3: Call sgx_qe_get_quote_size:succeed!
Step4: Call sgx_qe_get_quote:succeed!cert_key_type = 0x3
Clean up the enclave load policy:succeed!
 
There are other ways to copy/mount the necessary DLLs into the container, as
well as setting the PATH enviroment variable. The steps above are merely one
example. In addition, if you are using Intel® SGX DCAP, you should check
whether your environment and application will need to use or will need to
NOT use the dcap_quoteprov.dll provided by the Intel® SGX PSW when set-
ting the PATH environment variable.

AESM Support for Containerized Client Applications

AESM Configuration
The traditional IPC mechanism between a client application and the AESM is
not allowed to cross container boundaries. In order to support an
IPC mechanism that is allowed to cross container boundaries, the AESM has
the ability to open a TCP/IP socket and service client requests via that socket.
The configuration for this service happens during AESM startup.

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During startup, the AESM reads the IP address and port that it should attempt
to bind to. If the registry entry does not exist or it is unable to bind to that
address+port, the AESM will not be able to service requests via TCP/IP . If, for
example, you would like the AESM to bind to all its interfaces on a port dynam-
ically chosen by the OS, you would add the following registry entry:
reg add 
HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\AESMService\State
\Sockets /v BIND_ADDR /d "0.0.0.0:0"
If you want to configure the AESM to only listen on a specific interface, such as
the on associated with the IP address 10.1.2.3, and a particular port, for
example, 5678, then you would add:
reg add 
HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\AESMService\State
\Sockets /v BIND_ADDR /d "10.1.2.3:5678"
After restarting the AESM, the result of the bind operation is stored in ADDR
(REG_SZ) entry in the same key:
sc stop aesmservice
sc start aesmservice
reg query 
HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\AESMService\State
\Sockets
HKEY_LOCAL_
MACHINE\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\AESMService\St
ate\Sockets
BIND_ADDR  
REG_SZ  
  0.0.0.0:0
 
ADDR  
REG_SZ  
  0.0.0.0:50123
 
You can confirm the AESM is listening on the port using netstat or any of the
other traditional tools.

NOTE
If your AESM is configured to listen on a particular address:port, please make
sure that your firewall will allow connections to this address:port pair from the
client address:port.

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Client Application Configuration

For the client you will need to indicate that instead of the traditional IPC on
the same host, you wish to have the client use TCP/IP socket IPC with the
AESM, possibly running in a different container You can do this by setting the
following environment variable for the client application:
 l SGX_AESM_ADDR: A resolvable host name or IP address and port pair on
which the AESM is listening for new connections. For example,
set SGX_AESM_ADDR=127.0.0.1:12345

Setting this environment variable directs the client application to use TCP/IP
sockets for IPC with the AESM. If the client application is unable to connect to
the AESM via TCP/IP, the client application will not fall back and try to connect
via the other IPC mechanisms.
 

AESM Inside Windows* Nano Server

Another scenario users may be interested is running the AESM inside a con-
tainer. Once you are running inside a Windows* Nano Server with a copy of the
Intel® SGX PSW in c:\sgx_psw as described above, you can register the
AESM as a service, and then start it as follows:
 
host>docker run -it --isolation=process v c:\SGX_
PSW:c:\SGX_PSW -u ContainerAdministrator  
mcr.microsoft.com/windows/nanoserver:1809
cd c:\sgx_psw
reg add 
HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\AESMService\State
\Sockets /v BIND_ADDR /d "0.0.0.0:0"
reg add 
HKLM\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\AESMService /v 
InitHelper /t REG_DWORD /d 1
c:\sgx_psw>aesm_service.exe /service
c:\sgx_psw>sc start aesmservice
 

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

The docker run command is shown to explicitly demonstrate the need for

running as an administrator in the container, since administrator rights are
needed in order to register the Intel® SGX AESM service. You can verify the
AESM has started and obtain the necessary parameters for the client applic-
ation's configuration by executing the following commands inside the con-
tainer:
sc query aesmservice
ipconfig
reg query 
HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\AESMService\State
\Sockets
 
Afterwards, you can then configure your client application's environment vari-
able as described in "Client Application Configuration."

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Appendix
This topic provides the following reference information:
 l Unsupported MSVC* Options for Enclaves
 l Unsupported Intrinsics
 l Unsupported C Standard Functions
 l Unsupported C++ Standard Classes and Functions
 l Unsupported C and C++ Keywords
 l C11 Support on Windows* Operating System
 l C++11 Support on Windows* Operating System

Unsupported MSVC* Options for Enclaves

The following MSVC* compiler options are not supported to build enclaves:
Table 18 Unsupported MSVC Compiler Options
Option Description Remark
/clr Enables applications and  
components to use fea-
tures of the common lan-
guage runtime.
/MD Selects run-time library. Linking of DLL’s within enclave not
allowed.  Instead, use Intel® SGX
/MDd
trusted libraries.
/MT
/MTd
/EHa Exception handling C++ exceptions are supported
model that catches both inside an enclave, but SEH is not
asynchronous (struc- supported.
tured) and synchronous
(C++) exceptions.
/fp Specify the floating-point beha-Not supported in the Intel® SGX version
vior. of the Intel® numeric library.
/Qimprecise_ Removes fwait com- Not supported in the Intel® SGX
fwaits mands inside try blocks version of the Intel numeric lib-
rary.
/Qpar Enables the compiler's auto-  
parallelizer feature to auto-

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

/Qpar-report matically parallelize loops in

the code.
/Fx Produces a copy of each  
source file with injected
code merged into the
source.
/GZ Performs the same oper-  
ations as the /RTC (Run-
Time Error Checks)
option.
/RTC Used to enable and dis-  
able the run-time error
checks feature, in con-
junction with the
runtime_checks pragma.
/openmp Causes the compiler to Microsoft* OpenMP* library needs
process #pragma omp. to be linked, which is not self-con-
tained.
/LN Specifies that an This option is related to common
assembly manifest should language runtime (/clr) option. As
not be inserted into the Intel® SGX does not support the
output file. /clr option, this option will not be
supported.
/analyze Enable code analysis.  
/hotpatch Create Hotpatchable Enclave code cannot be changed
Image. after it has been loaded.
/QIPF_B Causes compiler not to  
generate the cor-
/QIPF_C
responding instructions.
/QIPF_fr32
/QIPF_noPIC
/QIPF_
restrict_pla-
bels

Unsupported Intrinsics
The majority of the intrinsics are valid within an enclave. The Microsoft stand-
ard instrinsic header file <intrin.h> can be included. However, not all the

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

intrinsics that are defined are valid within an enclave. All math and advanced
instruction set intrinsics can be used within an enclave. The intrinsics which
are NOT valid within an enclave are consistent with instructions that are not
supported within an enclave. They generally fall into the following categories:
 l I/O related.
 l Instructions requiring ring 0 privilege or could change privilege level.
 l Operating system or system related functions.
 l Intrinsics which are considered non-secure and have secure alternatives.

NOTE
The Intel® SGX SDK has stub implementations, sgx_intrin.h for the intrins-
ics that are not valid within an enclave. These stubs will cause a compiler warn-
ing when an unsupported instrinsic is used.
The following intrinsics should not be used within an enclave:
Table 19 Unsupported MSVC Compiler Intrinsics
Not Supported: FS/GS related
__addgsbyte __addgsword __addgsdword __addgsqword
__incgsbyte __incgsword __incgsdword __incgsqword
__writegsbyte __writegsword __writegsdword __writegsqword
__addfsbyte __addfsword __addfsdword  
__incfsbyte __incfsword __incfsdword  
__writefsbyte __writefsword __writefsdword __writefsqword
Not Supported: Interrupt/Debug related
_enable _disable __halt __int2c
Not Supported: I/O related
_inp, inp _inpd, inpd _inpw, inpw  
_out, out _outp, outd _outw, outw  
__inbyte __inword __indword  
__outbyte __outword __outdword  
__inbytestring __inwordstring __indwordstring  
__outbytestring __outwordstring __outdwordstring  
Not Supported: VMX related
__vmx_off __vmx_on __vmx_vmclear __vmx_vmlaunch
__vmx_vmptrld __vmx_vmptrst __vmx_vmread __svm_vmresume
__vmx_wmwrite __nvreg_save_fence __nvreg_restore_  
fence

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

__svm_clgi __svm_invlpga __svm_skinit __svm_stgi

__svm_vmload __svm_vmrun __svm_vmsave  
Not Supported: Architectural State related (many require ring 0 priv-
ilege)
__rdtsc __rdtscp __readpmc  
__readcr0 __readcr2 __readcr3 __readcr4
__readcr8 __readdr __writedr _invpcid
__writecr0 __writecr3 __writecr4 __writecr8
__readeflags __writeeflags _setjmp _setjmpex
__readmsr __writemsr __lidt __sidt
__getcallerseflags __segmentlimit __wbinvd __invlpg
_AddressOfReturnAd- _ReturnAddress    
dress
Not Supported: Non-secure (use secure alternative)
_strset strcat strcpy  
_wcsset wcscat wcscpy  

NOTE:
Even though the CPUID instruction is illegal inside enclaves, the intrinsics __
cpuid and __cpuidex are supported because they are replaced with calls
to functions sgx_cpuid and sgx_cpuidex.

Unsupported C Standard Functions

You cannot use the following Standard C functions within an enclave; oth-
erwise, the compilation would fail.
Table 20 Unsupported C Standard Functions
Header Header Unsupported definition
file file in
Intel® Macros/Types Functions
SGX?
complex.h Yes complex, _com- cacos(), cacosf(), cacosl(), casin(), casinf(),
plex_I, casinl(), catan(), catanf(), catanl(), ccos(),
ccosf(), ccosl(), csin(), csinf(), csinl(), ctan(),
imaginary, _ima- ctanf(), ctanl(), cacosh(), cacoshf(), cacoshl(),
ginary_I casinh(), casinhf(), casinhl(), catanh(),
catanhf(), catanhl(), ccosh(), ccoshf(), ccoshl
(), csinh(), csinhf(), csinhl(), ctanh(), ctanhf(),
ctanhl(), cexp(), cexpf(), cexpl(), clog(), clogf

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

(), clogl(), cabs(), cabsf(), cabsl(), cpow(),

cpowf(), cpowl(), csqrt(), csqrtf(), csqrtl(),
carg(), cargf(), cargl(), cimag(), cimagf(),
cimagl(), conj(), conjf(), conjl(), cproj(), cprojf
(), cprojl(), creal(), crealf(), creall()
inttypes.h Yes SCNdN, SCNiN,  wcstoimax(), wcstoumax()
SCNoN, SCNuN, 
SCNxN, 
SCNdLEASTN, 
SCNiLEASTN, 
SCNoLEASTN, 
SCNuLEASTN, 
SCNxLEASTN, 
SCNdFASTN, 
SCNiFASTN, 
SCNoFASTN, 
SCNuFASTN, 
SCNxFASTN, 
SCNdMAX, 
SCNiMAX, 
SCNoMAX, 
SCNuMAX, 
SCNxMAX, 
SCNdPTR, 
SCNiPTR, 
SCNoPTR, 
SCNuPTR, 
SCNxPTR
locale.h No LC_ALL, LC_ setlocale(), localeconv()
COLLATE, LC_
CTYPE, LC_
MONETARY, LC_
NUMERIC, LC_
TIME, struct 
lconv
signal.h No sig_atomic_t,  signal(), raise()
SIG_DFL, SIG_
ERR, SIG_IGN, 
SIGABRT, 
SIGFPE, 

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

SIGILL, 
SIGINT, 
SIGSEGV, 
SIGTERM, 
stdatomic.h Yes ATOMIC_<TYPE>_ kill_dependency(), 
LOCK_FREE,  atomic_fetch_and(), 
atomic_<data- atomic_fetch_and_explicit
type> (), atomic_thread_fence
(), atomic_signal_fence()
stdio.h Yes FILE, fpos_t,  remove(), rename(), tmp-
_IOFBF, _ file(), tmpnam(), fclose
IOLBF, _IONBF, (), fflush(), fopen(), 
FILENAME_MAX,  fopen_s(), freopen(), 
FOPEN_MAX, L_ freopen_s(), setbuf(), 
tmpnam, SEEK_ setvbuf(), fprintf(), 
CUR, SEEK_END, fprintf_s(), fscanf(), 
SEEK_SET, TMP_ fscanf_s(), printf(), 
MAX, stderr,  scanf(), scan_s(), 
stdin, stdout, snprintf_s(), sprintf(), 
sprintf_s(), sscanf(), 
sscanf_s(), vfprintf(), 
vfprintf_s(), vfscanf(), 
vfscanf_s(), vprintf(), 
vprintf_s(), vscanf(), 
vscanf_s(), vsnprintf_s
(), vsprintf(), vsprintf_
s(), vsscanf(), vsscanf_s
(), fgetc(), fgets(), 
fputc(), fputs(), getc(), 
getchar(), gets(), gets_s
(), putc(), putchar(), 
puts(), ungetc(), fread
(), fwrite(), fgetpos(), 
fseek(), fsetpos(), ftell
(), rewind(), clearerr(), 
feof(), ferror(), perror
()
stdlib.h Yes   rand(), srand(), atexit
(), exit(), _Exit(), 

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

quick_exit(), at_quick_
exit(), getenv(), getenv_
s(), system(), bsearch_s
(), qsort_s(), wctomb_s
(), wcstombs_s()
string.h Yes   strcpy(), strcat(),  
strstr()*,  
strerror_s(), 
strerrorlen_s(), strlen_s
()
threads.h No thrd_t, thrd_ thrd_create(), thrd_equal
success, thrd_ (), thrd_current(), thrd_
timeout, thrd_ sleep(), thrd_yield(), 
busy, thrd_ thrd_exit(), thrd_detach
nomem, thrd_ (), thrd_join(), mtx_init
error, thrd_ (), mtx_lock(), mtx_timed-
start_t, mtx_ lock(), mtx_trylock(), 
t, mtx_plain  mtx_unlock(), mxm_destroy
mtx_recursive, (), call_once(), cnd_init
mtx_timed,  (), cnd_signal(), cnd_
cnd_t, tss_t,  broadcast(), cnd_wait(), 
TSS_DTOR_ cnd_timedwait(), cnd_des-
ITERATIONS,  troy(), tss_create(), 
tss_dtor_t tss_get(), tss_set(), 
tss_delete()
time.h Yes timespec clock(), mktime(), time
(), asctime_s(), ctime(), 
ctime_s(), gmtime(), 
gtime_s(), localtime(), 
localtime_s()
uchar.h Yes __STDC_UTF_16_ mbrtoc16()
_, __STDC_UTF_
c16rtomb()
32__
mbrtoc32()
c32rtomb()
wchar.h Yes   fwprintf(), fwscanf(), 
swscanf(), vfwprintf(), 
vfwscanf(), vswscanf(), 
vwprintf(), vwscanf(), 

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

wprintf(), wscanf(), 
fgetwc(), fgetws(), 
fputwc(), fputws(), fwide
(), getwc(), getwchar(), 
putwc(), putwchar(), 
ungetwc(), wcstod(), 
wcstof(), wcstold(), 
wcstol(), wcstoll(), 
wcstoul(), wcstoull(), 
wcscpy(), wmemcpy_s(), 
wmemmove_s(), wcscat(), 
wcsnlen_s(), wcsftime(),  
wcrtomb_s(), mbsrtowcs_s
(), wcsrtombs_s()
wctype.h Yes   iswalnum(), iswalpha(), 
iswblank(), iswcntrl(), 
iswdigit(), iswgraph(), 
iswlower(), iswprint(), 
iswpunct(), iswspace(), 
iswupper(), iswxdigit(), 
wctype(), towlower(), 
towupper(), towctrans(), 
wctrans()

 
(*) The trusted standard C library does not support char strstr(const 
char*, const char*). The trusted standard C library supports the variant
const char* strstr (const char*, const char*).
In addition to the ‘C’ standard memset() function, the trusted ‘C’ library
(sgx_tstdc) also supports memset_s(). The following is a note on the
recommended use of memset() versus memset_s().

NOTE
Trusted C library is enhanced to avoid format string attacks. Any attempts to
use %n in printf-family functions such as snprintf will result in a run-time
error.
It is appropriate to use memset() to initialize buffers and clear buffers that
do not contain secret data.  If the purpose is to clear a buffer that contained
secret data before deletion of the that buffer, you should not use the memset

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

() function and should use the memset_s() function instead.  The problem
with using memset() in this scenario is that the compiler can optimize out
the write to memory to clear the buffer so that it will not be performed (the
compiler does this since it recognizes the subsequent deletion of the buffer). 
The use of memset_s() guarantees the compiler will not optimize away the
write to memory and thus ensuring the secret data is cleared.  However, it is
not recommended that memset_s() should always be used in place of mem-
set() since the implementation of memset_s() is not performance optim-
ized.

Unsupported C++ Standard Classes and Functions

The following table lists unsupported C++11 classes and functions inside the
enclave.
 
Table 21 Utilities library
Header File Support Unsupported Classes
cstdlib Partial  
csignal No  
csetjmp No  
cstdarg Yes  
typeinfo Partial  
typeindex Yes  
type_traits Yes  
bitset Yes  
functional Yes  
utility Yes  
ctime Partial  
chrono No  
cstddef Yes  
initializer_list Yes  
tuple Yes  

Table 22 Dynamic memory management

Header File Support Unsupported Classes
memory Yes  
new Partial  
scoped_allocator Yes  

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Table 23 Numeric limits

Header File Support Unsupported Classes
cfloat Yes  
cinttypes Partial  
climits Yes  
cstdint Partial  
limits Yes  

Table 24 Error handling

Header File Support Unsupported Classes
cassert Yes  
cerrno Yes  
exception Partial nested_exception
stdexcept Yes  
system_error Yes  

Table 25 Strings library

Header File Support Unsupported Classes
cctype Partial  
cstring Partial  
cuchar No  
cwchar Partial  
cwctype Partial  
string Yes  

Table 26 Containers library

Header File Support Unsupported Classes
array Yes  
dequeue Yes  
forward_list Yes  
list Yes  
map Yes  
queue Yes  
set Yes  
stack Yes  
unordered_map Yes  
unordered_set Yes  

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

vector Yes  

Table 27 Algorithms library

Header File Support Unsupported Classes
algorithm Partial  
Table 28 Iterators library
Header File Support Unsupported Classes
iterator Yes  

Table 29 Numerics library

Header File Support Unsupported Classes
cfenv No  
cmath Partial  
complex Yes  
numeric Yes  
random No  
ratio Yes  
valarray Yes  

Table 30 Input/Output library

Header File Support Unsupported Classes
cstdio Partial  
fstream No  
iomanip No  
ios No  
iosfwd No  
iostream No  
istream No  
ostream No  
sstream No  
streambuf No  
strstream No  

Table 31 Localization library

Header File Support Unsupported Classes
clocale No  

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

codecvt No  
locale No  

Table 32 Regular expressions library

Header File Support Unsupported Classes
regex No  

Table 33 Atomic operations library

Header File Support Unsupported Classes
atomic Yes  

Table 34 Thread library

Header File Support Unsupported Classes
condition_ Partial  
variable
future No  
mutex Partial timed_mutex, recursive_timed_mutex
thread No  

Table 35 C compatibility headers

Header Support Unsupported Classes
File
ccomplex Yes  
ciso646 Yes This header file is empty in a conforming 
implementation
cstdalign Yes  
cstdbool Yes  
ctgmath Yes  

Unsupported C and C++ Keywords

The following keywords are not supported in an enclave:
Table 36 Unsupported C and C++ Keywords
Category Unsupported Keywords
Structured __try, __except, __finally, __leave
Exception 

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

Handling
Managed  __abstract, __box, __sealed, __value, __del-
Extension egate, __gc, __nogc, __property, __try_cast, 
__pin
Common Lan-__identifier, value class, delegate, enum 
guage  class*, typeid, enum struct*, generic, event, 
Runtime finally, initonly, ‘for each, in’, ref 
struct, friend_as, gcnew, safecast, interface 
class, interface struct, ref class, interior_
ptr, literal, value struct, property
Timing and __event, __hook, __unhook, __raise, event
Event
Additional dllimport, __unaligned, __w64
Keywords

(*) The Visual Studio extensions enum class and enum struct are not sup-
ported, see https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/a6cskb49.aspx.
However, the C++11 enum class and enum struct features are sup-
ported.

C11 Support on Windows* Operating System

Although C11 is considered the baseline, the availability of certain C11 fea-
tures depend on the Visual Studio* and compiler version and/or a specific
compiler option.

C11 Language Feature Supported

Anonymous struct and union Yes
Atomic operations Yes
Macros for complex values Yes*
New macros in float.h Yes
static_assert Yes
Typedef redefinition Yes
Unicode strings Yes
uchar.h Partially
_Alignas, _Alignof, max_align_t, stdalign.h Yes*
_Atomic No
_Generic Yes*
_Noreturn, stdnoreturn.h Yes*
__STDC_VERSION__ == 201112L Yes*

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

C11 Language Feature Supported

_Static_assert Yes*
_Thread_local Yes*
aligned_alloc Yes

C++11 Support on Windows* Operating System

Although C++11 is considered the baseline, the availability of certain C++11
features depend on the Visual Studio* and compiler version and/or a specific
compiler option.

C++11 Language Feature

Additional type traits*
Alias templates
Alignment (alignas, alignof)
Allow typename outside of templates
Attributes
Bidirectional fences*
C99 preprocessor
Conversions of lambdas to function pointers
Data-dependency ordering*
Data-dependency ordering: function annotation
Default template arguments for function templates
Defaulted and deleted functions
Delegating constructors
Explicit conversion operators
Expression SFINAE
Extended friend declarations
Extended sizeof
Extern templates
Forward declared enums
Inheriting constructors
Initialization of class objects by rvalues
Initializer lists*
Inline namespaces
Lambdas
Local and unnamed types as template arguments
Magic statics
Memory model*

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

C++11 Language Feature

Minimal support for garbage collection*
Non-static data member initializers
R-value references
Range-based for-loop
Raw string literals
Reworded sequence points
Right angle brackets
Standard-layout and trivial types*
Strong compare and exchange*
Strongly typed enums
Thread-local storage (thread_local)*
Type traits*
Unicode strings literals
Universal character names in literals
Unrestricted unions
User-defined literals
Variadic templates
__func__
auto
char16_t/char32_t*
constexptr**
decltype
long long
nullptr
noexcept
override and final
static_assert

(*) You do not need to use the compiler option /Qstd=c++11 to access any of
these features if you develop with the Visual Studio*.

Supported C Secure Functions

The following table lists supported C secure functions inside the enclave.
Table 1 Supported C Secure Functions
Header file Supported C Secure Functions
mbusafecrt.h strcat_s(), wcscat_s(), strncat_s(), wcsncat_s(), strcpy_s(), wcscpy_s(), strncpy_s(),
wcsncpy_s(), strtok_s(), wcstok_s(), wcsnlen(), _itoa_s(), _itow_s(), _ltoa_s(), _

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Intel® Software Guard Extensions Developer Reference for Windows* OS

ltow_s(), _ultoa_s(), _ultow_s(), _i64toa_s(), _i64tow_s(), _ui64toa_s(), _

ui64tow_s(), sprintf_s(), swprintf_s(), _snprintf_s(), _snwprintf_s(), _vsprintf_s(),
_vsnprintf_s(), _vswprintf_s(), _vsnwprintf_s(), memcpy_s(), memmove_s()

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