NAME: CALZADO, KYLA NICOLE C.

TITLE: DRAPING

PROCEDURE RATIONALE RD 1 2 PE
1. Identify the patient. To make sure we are giving the right procedure to the right patient.
2. Explain the procedure. For the patient to be aware on the flow of the procedure and to
alleviate anxiety.
LAPAROTOMY: This is the ordinary flat drape used for laparotomy,
nephrectomy, laminectomy, and thyroidectomy.
A. Hand up four towels and the towel clips. With practice these can Make sure that towels are already prepare ahead of time and making
be held in the hands at the same time and separated one by one as sure to keep distance from sterile field even protected by sterile drape.
the surgeon takes them. Go to the side of the table on which the Surgeon which is on the opposite area will grab the towel.
surgeon is draping to avoid reaching over the nonsterile table. The
surgeon places these towels far within the scrubbed area, leaving
only enough space exposed for the incision.
B. Hand one end of the fan folded sheet-across the table to the With one assisting the opposite side makes it easier to unfold the
assistant, supporting the folds, keeping it high, and holding it taut sheet, covering properly the area need to be cover.
until is opened; then lay it down. Place the medium double sheet
below the site of incision and the edge of it at the skin edge,
covering the draping towel.
C. Place the laparotomy sheet with the opening in it directly over The arrow serves as how to put drape on the patient.
the skin area outlined by the towels, the arrow should point
toward the foot of the table. Drop the folds over the sides of the Prevent touching unsterile.
table. However, if an arm-board is in place, hold the folds of the
sheet at the table until the sheets is opened all the way.
D. Open it downward over the patient’s feet and upward over the It must be one at a time to prevent contamination.
anesthetists’ screen.
E. Place the large, single sheet crosswise of the table above the This sheet provide extra thickness above the area and closes some of
operating area. the opening in the laparotomy sheet if necessary.
HAND: While the arm and the hand are still being held up,
following the operation:
A. Place a minor sheet, folded in half, on the arm board. Just an enough size of sheet to cover the arm board.
B. The surgeon places towel around the arm, to limit the area of Take the towels and towel clips if used, to the side of table from which
the site of operation, and secures it with a clip. the surgeon is going to apply them before handling them to him/her.
C. He pulls a stockinet over the hand. At this stage in the draping Stockinet is use to cover an extremity.
the orderly is relieved of holding the arm. The doctor lays the arm
on the arm board.
D. Place a minor sheet across the arm board just above the A minor sheet is use just only to cover the necessary area.
operative site.
E. Place the laparotomy sheet on the hand, arrow pointing toward In placing, be careful not to slide the sheet out of place when opening
the patient. Do not drop the folds below the level of the arm the folds.
board. Open the laparotomy sheet to finish covering the patient.
F. Place a large single sheet over the anesthetist’s screen. For protection.
ELBOW: While the arm is still being held, following the preparation.
1. Place a medium sheet across the chest and under the arm, Enough to cover the specified area.
up the axilla.
2. The surgeon limits the operative area on the upper arm by Putting it to emphasize the operative area.
placing a towel around the arm. He secures it with a clip.
3. He wraps the hand and lower arm in a minor sheet or This is to cover the arms and hands of the patient.
double thickness of towels and secures them with a sterile
bandage. At this point, a sterile member of the team
relieves the person who has been holding up the arm.
4. He draws a stockinet over the exposed operative area. Stockinet use as a cover.
5. Place a medium sheet across the chest, on top of the arm, To provide extra thickness on the cover.
even with a towel on the upper arm and covering it. The
doctor secures this sheet around the arm with a towel
clip.
6. Lay the laparotomy sheet over the hand and pull the arm This is to cover the arm area.
through it.
SHOULDER: While the arm is still being help up, following the
preparation.
1. Place a medium sheet over the chest under the arm. Allowing the arm to held up it will be easier to place sheet over the
chest.
2. Place a minor sheet under the shoulder and the side of
the chest.
3. The surgeon outlines the site of operation with towels and This is to specified the operation site.
 secures them with clips.
4. Place a minor sheet over the patient’s chest, covering the By a putting a sheet this will cover the neck and limit the operative site.
patient’s neck. Keep this sheet even with edge of the
towel that limits the operative site laterally.
5. Wrap the arm in a minor sheet and secure it with a sterile It is to protect and secure the sheet where it is place.
gauze bandage. At this point, a sterile member of the
team relieves the person who has been holding up the
arm.
6. Place a medium sheet above the area and secure these Towel hooks makes the sheet fix properly.
sheets together with towel hooks.
7. A laparotomy sheet or a breast sheet may be used. Pull Breast sheet is as same as laparotomy sheet, used for surgical
the arm through the opening. Or a single sheet may be procedure within chest cavity.
place above the area and the foot of the table covered
with a medium sheet.
FOOT: The general method of draping a foot is the same time as
that for the hand. While the foot is being held up following the
preparation.
1. Place a medium sheet on the table, under the foot. By placing the sheet under the foot, this will secure and cover the foot.
2. The surgeon limits the operative area on the foot by Towel are used to outline the surgical site.
placing a towel around the foot and securing it with the
clip.
3. He puts the stockinet on the foot. A sterile member of the Stockinet use to cover the extremity.
team relieves the person who has been holding up the leg.
4. Place a medium sheet above the operative area, and Towel clips helps fasten the sheet.
secure it around the ankle with a towel clip.
5. Place a laparotomy sheet with the opening over the foot For it to cover and protect.
and the longer part of the sheet toward the head of the
table.
KNEE: While the leg is still being held up, following the preparation.
1. Place a sheet on the table, under the leg up to the This is to cover and protect the legs and buttocks.
buttocks.
2. Place another medium sheet on the table overlapping this Making sure to drape as little as possible to avoid contamination.
one.
 3. The surgeon limits the sterile field above the knee by By putting a towel this will outline the surgical site only.
placing a towel around the leg. He secures it with a clip.
4. Lay a minor sheet on the sterile sheets under the leg. The Wrapping the leg will make it secure and protected.
person who has been holding up the leg lays it on this
minor sheet. The surgeon wraps the leg in the minor sheet
and secures it with a sterile bandage.
5. Place a medium sheet above the operative area, at the This is to cover and protect the area.
skin edge, over the draping towel and fasten it with a clip.
6. Place the laparotomy sheet, with the opening on the foot This is to cover the knee.
and the longer part of the sheet toward the table head.
Open it and draw the leg through the opening.
HIP: While the leg is still being held up, following the preparation.
1. Place a medium sheet on the table under the leg, up to The purpose of this is to have a lining under the leg up to the buttocks.
the buttocks.
2. Place another medium sheet on the table, overlapping this To extend over and to cover partly.
one.
3. The surgeon wraps a towel around the thigh, just below Towel are used to outline surgical site.
the operative area, and clips it on.
4. Hand up enough additional towels to surround the This is to give extra cover and protection.
operative area, with a towel clips to secure them.
5. The surgeon wraps the foot and leg, including the towel This is to give extra cover.
around the thigh, in a minor sheet and bandages it on. The
leg has been held up to this point.
6. Place a minor sheet lengthwise of the table on each side This is to cover the patient and give protection.
the operative site, even with the skin. (The sheet under
the leg and above the operative site do not overlap)
7. Place a medium sheet above the operative area. Secure Medium sheet added protection to the patient.
these last three sheets with clips.
8. Place a single sheet above the operative area and over the This for protection and security.
anesthetist’s screen.
NOTE: Some surgeons prefer to omit steps 6 and 8 and draw the
leg through the opening of a breast sheet.
FACE:
 1. The surgeon places the drape under the head while the By holding up the head it will be easier to the surgeon to put all the
circulating nurse holds up the head. This drape consists of towels.
a towel placed on a medium sheet. The center of the
towel edge is 2 inches from the center of the sheet edge.
The towel is drawn up on each side of the face, over the
forehead, and fastened with a clip. This leaves the desired
amount of the face exposed.
2. Hand up three towels and four towel clips. These four Towels used to outline surgical site
towels surround the operative site.
3. Place a medium sheet just below the site. This sheet must To cover and give extra protection.
overlap the one under the head.
4. Cover the remainder of the foot of the table with a single This is to limit the operative area only.
sheet.
EAR DRAPE:
1. A small, plastic drape. It is the material to be use as drape.
2. Four large towels and towel clips. Use to cover the area.
3. Small lap sheet. A sheet use as a covering.
4. A minor sheet over the side of the table and covering the This is for protection.
surgeon’s lap. He sits and uses the microscope.
DRAPING FOR SKIN GRAFT:
1. Usually both sides are prepared and draped at the same For the protection.
time.
2. Use towels and towel clips and minor or medium sheets As it is a useful for the protecting the patient.
under and around the area, according to needs.
3. Avoid using a laparotomy sheet. The opening in it is not Laparotomy sheet is not appropriate for it.
large enough for adequate working space for a
dermatome or skin-graft knife.
4. After draping, cover the recipient site with towels until the By covering, it will prevent contamination.
graft is taken and the donor site is covered, to prevent
possible contamination of the donor site.
LATERAL CHEST:
1. Place a medium sheet above the operative site, over the This is to cover and secure.
anesthetist’s screen.
 2. Hand up four towels and towel clips. This is enough to cover the area.
3. Place a medium sheet below the operative site. Medium sheet use as draping and protection.
4. Apply the breast sheets - double thickness. This is to give extra thickness covering the specifies area.
BREAST BIOPSY: The draping is the same as a laparotomy drape. If
the operation is scheduled as a biopsy, frozen section, and possible
radical mastectomy.
1. The scrub nurse places the necessary instruments, Putting all the necessary equipment will make the work easier.
sponges, and sutures for the biopsy on a small table.
2. The draping is done from the nurse’s table. Draping use to eliminate passage of microorganisms
3. The doctor’s take the specimen for biopsy without the This is to prevent contamination and for it to be prepared.
nurse’s assistance. She stands by at her sterile table,
keeping it uncontaminated by this part of the procedure,
and is ready to proceed with the radical operation if
necessary.
4. If the frozen section shows malignancy, the circulating It is done as per procedure.
nurse resets the preparation table and the table patient is
scrubbed again, according to the procedures for radical
mastectomy.
5. All instruments, equipment, and drapes used when taking This is to protect the patient.
the biopsy specimen are discarded because of the danger
of transplanting tumor cells into healthy tissue.
RADICAL MASTECTOMY: While the arm is being held up, following
the preparation.
1. Place a minor sheet on the arm board, under the patient’s Minor sheet serve as a lining to the specified part of the patient.
arm extending the sheet under the side of the chest, and
shoulder. The person who has been holding up the arm
lays it on the arm board and fasten it with a wrist strap.
2. Hand up towels and towel clips; five or six are required. To use as draping.
To secure the towel.
3. Apply breast sheets – double thickness. This give extra thickness on the lining.
LITHOTOMY DRAPE:
1. Hang a towel, folded in half, over a d=strip of 1-inch For protection.
adhesive.
 2. The circulating nurse places the towel over the anus and When placing it underneath the patient, slide it underneath their
fastens the adhesive around the patient’s buttocks, if the buttocks. And make sure you take your hands not touching any
operation is vaginal. unsterile area.
3. Hand up three towels and four towel clips. To outline operation site.
4. Apply the perineal sheet by handling one end of it to the This is to cover the legs. And making sure hands are outside the sheet
assistant, opening out the folds and drawing the boots to cover the hands.
onto the feet and legs. Keep the hands on the outside of
the sheet.
NAILING OF THE HIP: Some as laparotomy drape, except the
towels are stitched on place, omitting the towel clips which might
interfere with the x-ray. Also, use a hip sheet instead of a
laparotomy sheet.
LOTTES NAILING OF THE TIBIA:
1. A medium sheet is placed under the leg, over the center Medium sheet use as protection on the specified part where it need to
section of the table and the unaffected leg. place.
2. A medium sheet is placed under the ankle, brought up This to cover and protect the area.
over the foot and ankle, and secured with a towel hook.
3. A laparotomy sheet is used, disregarding the opening in ti. Laparotomy use to drape the specified part.
The foot of it is swung around the draped leg, leaving the
leg exposed.
4. The opening in this sheet may be covered with a minor For protection.
sheet.

Total Score
Equivalent Grade
 With Patient
Final Grade
Signature of CI
Signature of Student
Date Performed