Anatomy & Physiology Cardiac System
Med Surg: Cardiac
Blood flow of the heart
1. Deoxygenated blood gets “vacuumed” back to the
vena cava (superior and inferior vena cava)
2. Right Atria - Tricuspid Valve - Right Ventricle.
3. Through the pulmonary valve & pulmonary arteries RA LA
into the lungs to drop off CO2 & pick up O2 (oxygen) in
the capillaries.
4. This oxygenated blood is then pumped through the Pulmonary valve valve Aortic
pulmonary veins. Valve Valve
5. Left Atrium - Mitral Valve (bicuspid valve) - Left Ventricle
• Side note: Left ventricle is the “BIG momma pumper” RV LV
pumping oxygen rich blood OUT to the body = cardiac
OUTput
6. Left Ventricle pumps O2 rich blood through the aortic
valve & then finally
7. The Aorta & out to the body via the “Arteries =
pump аway”.
Anatomy of the heart 4 valves 4 chambers
Cone shaped organ located in the
mediastinal space. Two atrioventricular valves that close • Right atrium: carries
The pericardial sac encases the at the beginning of ventricular deoxygenated blood from the
heart and protects it, lubricates and contraction. They prevent blood from body via superior and inferior
holds 5-20 ml of pericardial fluid. flowing back into the atria. vena cava.
This has two layers. • Right ventricle: carries blood
• the parietal pericardium which is • Tricuspid valve: on the right side from the right atrium and pumps
the outer membrane. of the heart. it into the lungs through the
• the visceral pericardium is the • Bicuspid valve: on the left side of pulmonary artery.
inner membrane attached to the the heart. • Left atrium: carries oxygenated
heart. blood from the pulmonary veins.
Two semilunar valves that prevent
• Left ventricle: carries oxygenated
Consists of 3 layers blood from flowing back into the
blood from the left atrium and
ventricles during relaxation.
• Pulmonic semilunar valve: pumps it into the systemic circuit
• Epicardium: outermost layer of through the aorta.
the heart. between the right ventricle and
• Myocardium: middle layer of the pulmonary artery.
heart, the contracting muscle. • Aortic semilunar valve:
• Endocardium: innermost layer of between the ventricle and the
the heart, lines the inner aorta. Electrical conduction:
chambers and the valves.
• SA node: pacemaker of the heart
Coronary arteries and initiates contraction at 60-100
Function of circulation BPM.
• Right main coronary artery: • AV: receives impulses from the SA
Delivers 02, nutrients, hormones and
supplies the right atrium and node initiates and sustains impulses
antibodies to organs, tissues and cells.
ventricle, the inferior left at 40-60 BPM.
Removes the end product of cellular
ventricle, posterior septal • Bundle of His: continuation of the
metabolism
wall, 1SA and AV nodes. AV node and branches into the the
• Left main coronary artery: bundle branches which terminate in
Function of the heart consists of two main branches left the purkinje fibers.
anterior descending which • Purkinje fibers: network of
Pumps oxygenated blood into the supplies blood to the left ventricle conducting strands beneath the
arterial system to supply capillaries and the ventricular septum and ventricular endocardium. They can
and tissue. circumflex arteries which supply act as a pacemaker when the SA and
Pumps oxygen poor blood from the blood to the left atrium and the AV fail as pacemakers. They can
venous system through the lungs lateral/posterior aspects of the sustain at 20-40 BPM.
to be reoxygenated. left ventricle.
