SLAB

ANALYSIS
AND
DESIGN
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 103
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 104
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 105

Formulas:

Types of Slab

1. One Way Slab

L L
m = La < 0.5 or m = Lb < 2
b a

2. Two Way Slab

L L
m = La ≥ 0.5 or m = Lb ≥ 2
b a

Where: La = length of the shorter side of the slab

Lb = length of the longer side of the slab

Minimum clear covering of concrete exposed to weather, Cc

40 mm (NSCP Section 420.6.1.3.1)

Minimum clear covering of concrete not exposed to weather, Cc

20 mm (NSCP Section 420.6.1.3.1)

Minimum Compressive Strength of Concrete

fc’ = 21 MPa (NSCP Section 428.3.1)

Minimum Yield Strength of Reinforcing Steel,

fy = 280 MPa for 10 mm and 12 mm Ø rebars (ASTM A-706/A706M-13b)

fy = 420 MPa for 16 mm Ø and larger rebars (ASTM A-706/A706M-13b &

NSCP Section 428.3.1)

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 106

β = 0.85

φ = 0.9

Factored Load, Wu

Wu = 1.2 DL + 1.6 LL (NSCP 405.3.1)

Calculation of Moment Coefficients (Appendix A.8)

Coefficients for Negative Moments (Continuous)

-Ma = CaWuLa2 , -Mb = CbWuLb2

Coefficients for Dead Load Positive Moments (Midspan)

+Ma = Ca(1.2DL) La2 + Ca(1.6LL) La2

+Mb = Cb(1.2DL) Lb2 + Cb(1.6LL) Lb2

Coefficient for Live Load Positive Moment (Discontinuous)

+MaD = Ma/3

+MbD = Mb/3

Effective Depth

For Short: ds = thickness of slab – clear cover – ½ Ø of rebar

For Long: dl = thickness of slab – clear cover - ø of rebar(short) - ½ Ø of rebar

ρ,
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 107

ωfc′
ρ actual = fy

ρ min = 0.0018 , fy = 415 (See code in NSCP 2015)

ρ max = 0.75 ρbal

0.85βfc′(600)
ρbal = fy(600+fy)

ρmin < ρactual < ρmax

Area of Steel

As = ρbd

No. of bars

As
Nbars = Abar

Spacing of Rebars, s

1000mm
s = no.of bars
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 108

ROOF DECK

DESIGN FOR TWO-WAY SLAB ROOF DECK S-1 CASE 4

S = 3.5 m L= 4m

S 3.5𝑚
m := L m= = 0.875m>0.50 m (Therefore two-way slab)
4𝑚

2·(S+L)·1000·mm 2·(3.5+4.0)·1000·mm
𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 := =
180 180

𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 83.33 mm

Use: 150 mm

LOADINGS

N N
Slab = (23544 · 𝑚3 )(0.150m) Slab = 3531.6 · 𝑚2

N
Floor + Ceiling Finish FFCF = 483 · 𝑚2
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 109

N
DL := Slab + FFCF DL = 4014.6 · 𝑚2

N
Occupancy Load OL = 3600 · 𝑚2

N
LL := OL LL = 3600 · 𝑚2

WU = [1.2 · DL + 1.6 · LL] (1 m)

N N
WU = [1.2 · (4014.6 · 𝑚2 ) + 1.6 · (3600 · 𝑚2 )] (1 m)

𝑁
WU = 10577.52 · 𝑚

CALCULATION OF MOMENT (Case 4)

𝑁 N N
WU = 10577.52 · DL = 4014.6 · LL = 3600 · 𝑚2
𝑚 𝑚2

S = 3.5 m 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 0.060 𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑙 = 0.033 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 0.039

L=4m 𝐶𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 0.040 𝐶𝑏𝑑𝑙 = 0.022 𝐶𝑏𝑙𝑙 = 0.026

𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 := 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 · WU · 𝑆 2 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 7774.477 N·m

𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 := 𝐶𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 · WU · 𝐿2 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 6769.613 N·m

𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 := (𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑙 · 1.2 · DL · 𝑆 2 + 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙 · 1.6 · LL · 𝑆 2 )

𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 4699.322 N·m

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 110

𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 := (𝐶𝑏𝑑𝑙 · 1.2 · DL · 𝐿2 + 𝐶𝑏𝑙𝑙 · 1.6 · LL · 𝐿2 )

𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 4091.927 N·m

1
𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 := 3 · 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 1566.441 N·m

1
𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 := 3 · 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 1363.976 N·m

MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND OTHER DATA

φ := 0.90 fy := 415MPa

b := 1000 mm f’c := 21MPa

d := 150 mm – 20 mm – 6mm = 124 mm

Calculate steel ratio of short span negative moment

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 7774.477 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(7774.477 N.m )(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.00138

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 111

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of short span positive moment

MU = 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 4699.322 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85 · (1 − √1 − 𝑚
)
𝑓𝑦 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑2

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(4699.322 N.m )(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.000826

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of short span positive moment, discontinuous

MU = 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 1566.441 N · m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 𝑚
)
0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑2

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(1566.441 N.m )(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.000274
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 112

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of long span negative moment

d = 150 mm – 20 mm – 12mm – 6mm

d = 112 mm

MU = 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 6769.613 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(6769.613 N.n )(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.00147

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 113

Calculate steel ratio of long span positive moment

MU = 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 4091.927 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀
𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2
)

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(4091.927 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2)
)

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.000882

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of long span negative moment, discontinuous

MU = 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 1363.976 N · m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 𝑚
)
0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑2

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(1363.976 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.000292

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018
 PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 114

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

Short Direction Long Direction

S-1 CASE 4
Ma.neg Ma.pos Ma.disc Mb.neg Mb.pos Mb.dsic

Mu (N·m) 7774.477 4699.322 1566.441 6769.613 4091.927 1363.976

b (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

d (mm) 124 124 124 112 112 112

ρ actual 0.00138 0.000826 0.000274 0.00147 0.000882 0.000292

ρ min 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

As (mm^2) 223.20 223.20 223.20 201.60 201.60 201.60

Design Sketch

12mm Ø BEND BARS

SPA. @ 250mm O.C

12mm Ø BEND BARS

SPA. @ 250mm O.C 12mm Ø CUT BARS
SPA. @ 250mm O.C
12mm Ø CUT BARS
SPA. @ 250mm O.C
12mm Ø STRAIGHT BARS
SPA. @ 250mm O.C
12mm Ø STRAIGHT BARS
SPA. @ 250mm O.C
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 115

DESIGN FOR TWO-WAY SLAB ROOF DECK S-2 CASE 9

S = 3.5 m L= 4m

S 3.5𝑚
m := L m= = 0.875m>0.50 m (Therefore two-way slab)
4𝑚

2·(S+L)·1000·mm 2·(3.5+4.0)·1000·mm
𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 := =
180 180

𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 83.33 mm

Use: 150 mm

LOADINGS

N N
Slab := (23544 · 𝑚3 )(0.150m) Slab = 3531.6 · 𝑚2

N
Floor + Ceiling Finish FFCF = 483 · 𝑚2

N
DL := Slab + FFCF DL = 4014.6 · 𝑚2
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 116

N
Occupancy Load OL = 3600 · 𝑚2

N
LL := OL LL = 3600 · 𝑚2

WU = [1.2 · DL + 1.6 · LL] (1 m)

N N
WU = [1.2 · (4014.6 · ) + 1.6 · (3600 · )] (1 m)
𝑚2 𝑚2

𝑁
WU = 10577.52 · 𝑚

CALCULATION OF MOMENT (Case 9)

𝑁 N N
WU = 10577.52 · DL = 4014.6 · LL = 3600 · 𝑚2
𝑚 𝑚2

S = 3.5 m 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 0.068 𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑙 = 0.026 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 0.036

L=4m 𝐶𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 0.025 𝐶𝑏𝑑𝑙 = 0.017 𝐶𝑏𝑙𝑙 = 0.022

𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 := 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 · WU · 𝑆 2 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 8811.074 N · m

𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 := 𝐶𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 · WU · 𝐿2 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 4231.008 N·m

𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 := (𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑙 · 1.2 · DL · 𝑆 2 + 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙 · 1.6 · LL · 𝑆 2 )

𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 4074.540 N·m

𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 := (𝐶𝑏𝑑𝑙 · 1.2 · DL · 𝐿2 + 𝐶𝑏𝑙𝑙 · 1.6 · LL · 𝐿2 )

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 117

𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 3337.885 N·m

1
𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 := 3 · 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 1112.628 N·m

MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND OTHER DATA

φ := 0.90 fy := 415MPa

b:= 1000 mm f’c := 21MPa

d := 150 mm – 20 mm – 6mm = 124 mm

Calculate steel ratio of short span negative moment

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 8811.074 N · m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(8811.074 N.m )(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.00156

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 118

Calculate steel ratio of short span positive moment

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 4074.540 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀
𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2
)

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(4074.540 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2)
)

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.000715

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of long span negative moment

d := 150 mm – 20 mm – 12mm – 6mm

d = 112 mm

MU := 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 4231.008 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀
𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(4231.008 N.m )(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2) )
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 119

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.000913

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of long span positive moment

MU := 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 3337.885 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(3337.885 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.000718

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 120

Calculate steel ratio of long span negative moment, discontinuous

MU := 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 1112.628 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 𝑚
)
0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑2

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(1112.628 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2)
)

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.000238

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

Short Direction Long Direction

S-2 CASE 9
Ma.neg Ma.pos Ma.disc Mb.neg Mb.pos Mb.dsic

Mu (N·m) 8811.074 4074.540 4231.008 3337.885 1112.628

b (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

d (mm) 124 124 112 112 112

ρ actual 0.00156 0.000715 0.000913 0.000718 0.000238

ρ min 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

As (mm^2) 223.20 223.20 201.60 201.60 201.60

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 121

DESIGN FOR TWO-WAY SLAB ROOF DECK S-3 CASE 8

S = 3.5 m L= 4m

S 3.5𝑚
m := L m= = 0.875m>0.50 m (Therefore two-way slab)
4𝑚

2·(S+L)·1000·mm 2·(3.5+4.0)·1000·mm
𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 := =
180 180

𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 83.33 mm

Use: 150 mm

LOADINGS

N N
Slab := (23544 · 𝑚3 )(0.150m) Slab = 3531.6 · 𝑚2

N
Floor + Ceiling Finish FFCF = 483 · 𝑚2

N
DL := Slab + FFCF DL = 4014.6 · 𝑚2
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 122

N
Occupancy Load OL = 3600 · 𝑚2

N
LL := OL LL = 3600 · 𝑚2

WU = [1.2 · DL + 1.6 · LL] (1 m)

N N
WU = [1.2 · (4014.6 · ) + 1.6 · (3600 · )] (1 m)
𝑚2 𝑚2

𝑁
WU = 10577.52 · 𝑚

CALCULATION OF MOMENT (Case 8)

𝑁 N N
WU = 10577.52 · DL = 4014.6 · LL = 3600 · 𝑚2
𝑚 𝑚2

S = 3.5 m 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 0.043 𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑙 = 0.025 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 0.035

L=4m 𝐶𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 0.052 𝐶𝑏𝑑𝑙 = 0.019 𝐶𝑏𝑙𝑙 = 0.024

𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 := 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 · WU · 𝑆 2 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 5571.709 N · m

𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 := 𝐶𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 · WU · 𝐿2 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 8800.497 N·m

𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 := (𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑙 · 1.2 · DL · 𝑆 2 + 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙 · 1.6 · LL · 𝑆 2 )

𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 3944.966 N·m

𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 := (𝐶𝑏𝑑𝑙 · 1.2 · DL · 𝐿2 + 𝐶𝑏𝑙𝑙 · 1.6 · LL · 𝐿2 )

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 123

𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 3676.366 N·m

1
𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 := 3 · 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 1314.989 N·m

MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND OTHER DATA

φ := 0.90 fy := 415MPa

b:= 1000 mm f’c := 21MPa

d := 150 mm – 20 mm – 6mm = 124 mm

Calculate steel ratio of short span negative moment

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 5571.709 N · m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(5571.709 N.m )(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.000981

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 124

Calculate steel ratio of short span positive moment

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 3944.966 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀
𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2
)

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(3944.966 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2)
)

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.000692

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of short span positive moment, discontinuous

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 1314.989 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 𝑚
)
0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑2

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(1314.989 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mPa)(124mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.000230

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 125

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of long span negative moment

d := 150 mm – 20 mm – 12mm – 6mm

d = 112 mm

MU := 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 8800.497 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀
𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(8800.497 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.00192

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.00192 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 215.04 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of long span positive moment

MU := 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 3676.366 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀
𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 126

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(3676.366 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2)
)

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.000792

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

Short Direction Long Direction

S-3 CASE 8
Ma.neg Ma.pos Ma.disc Mb.neg Mb.pos Mb.dsic

Mu (N·m) 5571.709 3944.966 1314.989 8800.497 3676.366

b (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

d (mm) 124 124 124 112 112

ρ actual 0.000981 0.000692 0.000230 0.00192 0.000792

ρ min 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

As (mm^2) 223.20 223.20 223.20 215.04 201.60

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 127

DESIGN FOR TWO-WAY SLAB ROOF DECK S-4 CASE 2

S = 3.5 m L= 4m

S 3.5𝑚
m := L m= = 0.875m>0.50 m (Therefore two-way slab)
4𝑚

2·(S+L)·1000·mm 2·(3.5+4.0)·1000·mm
𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 := =
180 180

𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 83.33 mm

Use: 150 mm

LOADINGS

N N
Slab := (23544 · 𝑚3 )(0.150m) Slab = 3531.6 · 𝑚2

N
Floor + Ceiling Finish FFCF = 483 · 𝑚2

N
DL := Slab + FFCF DL = 4014.6 · 𝑚2
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 128

N
Occupancy Load OL = 3600 · 𝑚2

N
LL := OL LL = 3600 · 𝑚2

WU = [1.2 · DL + 1.6 · LL] (1 m)

N N
WU = [1.2 · (4014.6 · ) + 1.6 · (3600 · )] (1 m)
𝑚2 𝑚2

𝑁
WU = 10577.52 · 𝑚

CALCULATION OF MOMENT (Case 2)

𝑁 N N
WU = 10577.52 · DL = 4014.6 · LL = 3600 · 𝑚2
𝑚 𝑚2

S = 3.5 m 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 0.055 𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑙 = 0.022 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 0.034

L=4m 𝐶𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 0.037 𝐶𝑏𝑑𝑙 = 0.014 𝐶𝑏𝑙𝑙 = 0.022

𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 := 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 · WU · 𝑆 2 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 7126.604 N · m

𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 := 𝐶𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 · WU · 𝐿2 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 6261.892 N·m

𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 := (𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑙 · 1.2 · DL · 𝑆 2 + 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙 · 1.6 · LL · 𝑆 2 )

𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 3697.362 N·m

𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 := (𝐶𝑏𝑑𝑙 · 1.2 · DL · 𝐿2 + 𝐶𝑏𝑙𝑙 · 1.6 · LL · 𝐿2 )

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 129

𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 3106.644 N·m

MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND OTHER DATA

φ := 0.90 fy := 415MPa

b:= 1000 mm f’c := 21MPa

d := 150 mm – 20 mm – 6mm = 124 mm

Calculate steel ratio of short span negative moment

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 7126.604 N · m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(7126.604 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.00126

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 130

Calculate steel ratio of short span positive moment

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 3697.362 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀
𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2
)

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(3697.362 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2)
)

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.000649

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of long span negative moment

d := 150 mm – 20 mm – 12mm – 6mm

d = 112 mm

MU := 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 6261.892 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀
𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(6261.892 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2) )
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 131

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.00136

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of long span positive moment

MU := 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 3106.644 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(3106.644 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.000668

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 132

Short Direction Long Direction

S-4 CASE 2
Ma.neg Ma.pos Ma.disc Mb.neg Mb.pos Mb.dsic

Mu (N·m) 7126.604 3697.362 6261.892 3106.644

b (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000

d (mm) 124 124 112 112

ρ actual 0.00126 0.000649 0.00136 0.000668

ρ min 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

As (mm^2) 223.20 223.20 201.60 201.60

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 133

SECOND FLOOR

DESIGN FOR TWO-WAY SLAB 2ND FLOOR S-1 CASE 4

S = 3.5 m L= 4m

S 3.5𝑚
m := L m= = 0.875m>0.50 m (Therefore two-way slab)
4𝑚

2·(S+L)·1000·mm 2·(3.5+4.0)·1000·mm
𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 := =
180 180

𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 83.33 mm

Use: 150 mm

LOADINGS

N N
Slab := (23544 · 𝑚3 )(0.150m) Slab = 3531.6 · 𝑚2

N
Floor + Ceiling Finish FFCF = 483 · 𝑚2
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 134

N
DL := Slab + FFCF DL = 4014.6 · 𝑚2

N
Occupancy Load OL = 4800 · 𝑚2

N
LL := OL LL = 4800 · 𝑚2

WU = [1.2 · DL + 1.6 · LL] (1 m)

N N
WU = [1.2 · (4014.6 · 𝑚2 ) + 1.6 · (4800 · 𝑚2 )] (1 m)

𝑁
WU = 12497.52 · 𝑚

CALCULATION OF MOMENT (Case 4)

𝑁 N N
WU = 12497.52 · DL = 4014.6 · LL = 4800 · 𝑚2
𝑚 𝑚2

S = 3.5 m 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 0.060 𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑙 = 0.033 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 0.039

L=4m 𝐶𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 0.040 𝐶𝑏𝑑𝑙 = 0.022 𝐶𝑏𝑙𝑙 = 0.026

𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 := 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 · WU · 𝑆 2 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 9185.677 N·m

𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 := 𝐶𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 · WU · 𝐿2 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 7998.413 N·m

𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 := (𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑙 · 1.2 · DL · 𝑆 2 + 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙 · 1.6 · LL · 𝑆 2 )

𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 5616.602 N·m

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 135

𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 := (𝐶𝑏𝑑𝑙 · 1.2 · DL · 𝐿2 + 𝐶𝑏𝑙𝑙 · 1.6 · LL · 𝐿2 )

𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 3890.647 N·m

1
𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 := 3 · 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 1872.201 N·m

1
𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 := 3 · 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 1296.882 N·m

MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND OTHER DATA

φ := 0.90 fy := 415MPa

b := 1000 mm f’c := 21MPa

d := 150 mm – 20 mm – 6mm = 124 mm

Calculate steel ratio of short span negative moment

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 9185.677 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(9185.677 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.00163

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 136

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of short span positive moment

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 5616.602 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85 · (1 − √1 − 𝑚
)
𝑓𝑦 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑2

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(5616.602 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.000989

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of short span positive moment, discontinuous

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 1872.201 N · m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 𝑚
)
0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑2

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(1872.201 N.m )(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.000327
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 137

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of long span negative moment

d := 150 mm – 20 mm – 12mm – 6mm

d = 112 mm

MU := 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 7998.413 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(7998.413 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.00174

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of long span positive moment

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 138

MU := 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 3890.647 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2
)

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(3890.647 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2)
)

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.000839

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of long span negative moment, discontinuous

MU := 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 1296.882 N · m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 𝑚
)
0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑2

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(1296.882 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.000278

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 0.0018
 PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 139

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

Short Direction Long Direction

S-1 CASE 4
Ma.neg Ma.pos Ma.disc Mb.neg Mb.pos Mb.dsic

Mu (N·m) 9185.611 5616.602 1872.201 7998.413 3890.647 1296.882

b (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

d (mm) 124 124 124 112 112 112

ρ actual 0.00163 0.000989 0.000327 0.00174 0.000839 0.000278

ρ min 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

As (mm^2) 223.20 223.20 223.20 201.60 201.60 201.60

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 140

DESIGN FOR TWO-WAY 2ND FLOOR S-2 CASE 9

S = 3.5 m L= 4m

S 3.5𝑚
m := L m= = 0.875m>0.50 m (Therefore two-way slab)
4𝑚

2·(S+L)·1000·mm 2·(3.5+4.0)·1000·mm
𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 := =
180 180

𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 83.33 mm

Use: 150 mm

LOADINGS

N N
Slab := (23544 · 𝑚3 )(0.150m) Slab = 3531.6 · 𝑚2

N
Floor + Ceiling Finish FFCF = 483 · 𝑚2

N
DL := Slab + FFCF DL = 4014.6 · 𝑚2
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 141

N
Occupancy Load OL = 4800 · 𝑚2

N
LL := OL LL = 4800 · 𝑚2

WU = [1.2 · DL + 1.6 · LL] (1 m)

N N
WU = [1.2 · (4014.6 · ) + 1.6 · (4800 · )] (1 m)
𝑚2 𝑚2

𝑁
WU = 12497.52 · 𝑚

CALCULATION OF MOMENT (Case 9)

𝑁 N N
WU = 12497.52 · DL = 4014.6 · LL = 4800 · 𝑚2
𝑚 𝑚2

S = 3.5 m 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 0.068 𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑙 = 0.026 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 0.036

L=4m 𝐶𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 0.025 𝐶𝑏𝑑𝑙 = 0.017 𝐶𝑏𝑙𝑙 = 0.022

𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 := 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 · WU · 𝑆 2 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 10410.434 N · m

𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 := 𝐶𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 · WU · 𝐿2 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 4999.008 N·m

𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 := (𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑙 · 1.2 · DL · 𝑆 2 + 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙 · 1.6 · LL · 𝑆 2 )

𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 4862.246 N·m

𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 := (𝐶𝑏𝑑𝑙 · 1.2 · DL · 𝐿2 + 𝐶𝑏𝑙𝑙 · 1.6 · LL · 𝐿2 )

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 142

𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 4013.725 N·m

1
𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 := 3 · 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 1337.908 N·m

MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND OTHER DATA

φ := 0.90 fy := 415MPa

b:= 1000 mm f’c := 21MPa

d := 150 mm – 20 mm – 6mm = 124 mm

Calculate steel ratio of short span negative moment

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 10410.434 N · m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(10410.434 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.00185

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 := 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.00185 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 229.40 𝑚𝑚2

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 143

Calculate steel ratio of short span positive moment

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 4862.248 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀
𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2
)

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(4862.248 N.m )(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2)
)

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.000855

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 := 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of long span negative moment

d := 150 mm – 20 mm – 12mm – 6mm

d = 112 mm

MU := 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 4999.008 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀
𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(4999.008 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2) )
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 144

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.00108

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 := 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of long span positive moment

MU := 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 4013.725 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(4013.725 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.000865

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 := 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 145

Calculate steel ratio of long span negative moment, discontinuous

MU := 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 1337.908 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 𝑚
)
0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑2

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(1337.908 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2)
)

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.000287

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 := 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

Short Direction Long Direction

S-2 CASE 9
Ma.neg Ma.pos Ma.disc Mb.neg Mb.pos Mb.dsic

Mu (N·m) 10410.434 4862.248 4999.008 4013.725 1337.908

b (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

d (mm) 124 124 112 112 112

ρ actual 0.00185 0.000855 0.00108 0.000865 0.000287

ρ min 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

As (mm^2) 229.40 223.20 201.60 201.60 201.60

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 146

DESIGN FOR TWO-WAY SLAB 2ND FLOOR S-3 CASE 8

S = 3.5 m L= 4m

S 3.5𝑚
m := L m= = 0.875m>0.50 m (Therefore two-way slab)
4𝑚

2·(S+L)·1000·mm 2·(3.5+4.0)·1000·mm
𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 := =
180 180

𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 83.33 mm

Use: 150 mm

LOADINGS

N N
Slab := (23544 · 𝑚3 )(0.150m) Slab = 3531.6 · 𝑚2

N
Floor + Ceiling Finish FFCF = 483 · 𝑚2

N
DL := Slab + FFCF DL = 4014.6 · 𝑚2
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 147

N
Occupancy Load OL = 4800 · 𝑚2

N
LL := OL LL = 4800 · 𝑚2

WU = [1.2 · DL + 1.6 · LL] (1 m)

N N
WU = [1.2 · (4014.6 · ) + 1.6 · (4800 · )] (1 m)
𝑚2 𝑚2

𝑁
WU = 12497.52 · 𝑚

CALCULATION OF MOMENT (Case 8)

𝑁 N N
WU = 12497.52 · DL = 4014.6 · LL = 4800 · 𝑚2
𝑚 𝑚2

S = 3.5 m 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 0.043 𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑙 = 0.025 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 0.035

L=4m 𝐶𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 0.052 𝐶𝑏𝑑𝑙 = 0.019 𝐶𝑏𝑙𝑙 = 0.024

𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 := 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 · WU · 𝑆 2 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 6583.069 N · m

𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 := 𝐶𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 · WU · 𝐿2 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 10397.937 N·m

𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 := (𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑙 · 1.2 · DL · 𝑆 2 + 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙 · 1.6 · LL · 𝑆 2 )

𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 4768.166 N·m

𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 := (𝐶𝑏𝑑𝑙 · 1.2 · DL · 𝐿2 + 𝐶𝑏𝑙𝑙 · 1.6 · LL · 𝐿2 )

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 148

𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 4413.646 N·m

1
𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 := 3 · 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 1589.549 N·m

MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND OTHER DATA

φ := 0.90 fy := 415MPa

b:= 1000 mm f’c := 21MPa

d := 150 mm – 20 mm – 6mm = 124 mm

Calculate steel ratio of short span negative moment

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 6583.069 N · m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(6583.069 N.m )(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.00161

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 := 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 149

Calculate steel ratio of short span positive moment

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 4768.166 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀
𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2
)

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(4768.166 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2)
)

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.000838

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 := 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of short span positive moment, discontinuous

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 = 1589.549 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 𝑚
)
0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑2

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(1589.549 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.000278

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 := 0.0018
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 150

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of long span negative moment

d := 150 mm – 20 mm – 12mm – 6mm

d = 112 mm

MU := 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 10397.937 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀
𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(10397.937 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.00228

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 := 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.00228 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 255.36 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of long span positive moment

MU := 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 4413.646 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀
𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 151

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(4413.646 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2)
)

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.000953

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 := 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

Short Direction Long Direction

S-3 CASE 8
Ma.neg Ma.pos Ma.disc Mb.neg Mb.pos Mb.dsic

Mu (N·m) 6583.0699 4768.166 1589.549 10397.937 4413.646

b (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000

d (mm) 124 124 124 112 112

ρ actual 0.00161 0.000838 0.000278 0.00228 0.000953

ρ min 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

As (mm^2) 223.20 223.20 223.20 255.36 201.60

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 152

DESIGN FOR TWO-WAY SLAB 2ND FLOOR S-4 CASE 2

S = 3.5 m L= 4m

S 3.5𝑚
m := L m= = 0.875m>0.50 m (Therefore two-way slab)
4𝑚

2·(S+L)·1000·mm 2·(3.5+4.0)·1000·mm
𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 := =
180 180

𝑡𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 83.33 mm

Use: 150 mm

LOADINGS

N N
Slab := (23544 · 𝑚3 )(0.150m) Slab = 3531.6 · 𝑚2

N
Floor + Ceiling Finish FFCF = 483 · 𝑚2

N
DL := Slab + FFCF DL = 4014.6 · 𝑚2
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 153

N
Occupancy Load OL = 4800 · 𝑚2

N
LL := OL LL = 4800 · 𝑚2

WU = [1.2 · DL + 1.6 · LL] (1 m)

N N
WU = [1.2 · (4014.6 · ) + 1.6 · (4800 · )] (1 m)
𝑚2 𝑚2

𝑁
WU = 12497.52 · 𝑚

CALCULATION OF MOMENT (Case 2)

𝑁 N N
WU = 12497.52 · DL = 4014.6 · LL = 4800 · 𝑚2
𝑚 𝑚2

S = 3.5 m 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 0.055 𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑙 = 0.022 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 0.034

L=4m 𝐶𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 0.037 𝐶𝑏𝑑𝑙 = 0.014 𝐶𝑏𝑙𝑙 = 0.022

𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 := 𝐶𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 · WU · 𝑆 2 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 8420.204 N · m

𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 := 𝐶𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 · WU · 𝐿2 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 7398.532 N·m

𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 := (𝐶𝑎𝑑𝑙 · 1.2 · DL · 𝑆 2 + 𝐶𝑎𝑙𝑙 · 1.6 · LL · 𝑆 2 )

𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 4497.042 N·m

𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 := (𝐶𝑏𝑑𝑙 · 1.2 · DL · 𝐿2 + 𝐶𝑏𝑙𝑙 · 1.6 · LL · 𝐿2 )

𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 3782.484 N·m

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 154

MATERIAL PROPERTIES AND OTHER DATA

φ := 0.90 fy := 415MPa

b:= 1000 mm f’c := 21MPa

d := 150 mm – 20 mm – 6mm = 124 mm

Calculate steel ratio of short span negative moment

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 8420.204 N · m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑔 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(8420.204 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.00149

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 := 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of short span positive moment

MU := 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 4497.042 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )
PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 155

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(4497.042 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(124mm
𝑚
2)
)

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 = 0.000790

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 := 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 124𝑚𝑚 = 223.20 𝑚𝑚2

Calculate steel ratio of long span negative moment

d := 150 mm – 20 mm – 12mm – 6mm

d = 112 mm

MU := 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 = 7398.532 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀𝑏𝑛𝑒𝑔 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2 )

𝑚𝑚
21mPa 2(7398.532 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415mPa)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2) )

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.00161

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 := 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

PROPOSED TWO-STOREY COMMERCIAL BUILDING SLAB ANALYSIS 156

Calculate steel ratio of long span positive moment

MU := 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 𝑀𝑏𝑝𝑜𝑠 = 3782.484 N·m

𝑚𝑚
𝑓′𝑐 2·𝑀
𝑎𝑝𝑜𝑠 ·1000
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. := 0.85 · 𝑓𝑦 (1 − √1 − 0.85·0.90·𝑓′𝑐·𝑏·𝑑
𝑚
2
)

𝑚𝑚
21 2(3782.484 N.m)(1000)
𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙. = 0.85(415)(1-√1 − 0.85(0.9)(21mPa)(1000mm)(112mm
𝑚
2)
)

𝜌𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 := 0.000815

𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 := 0.0018

AS ∶= 𝜌𝑚𝑖𝑛 · 𝑏 · 𝑑

𝐴S ∶= 0.0018 · 1000𝑚𝑚 · 112𝑚𝑚 = 201.60 𝑚𝑚2

Short Direction Long Direction

S-4 CASE 2
Ma.neg Ma.pos Ma.disc Mb.neg Mb.pos Mb.dsic

Mu (N·m) 8420.204 4497.042 7398.532 3782.484

b (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000

d (mm) 124 124 112 112

ρ actual 0.00149 0.000790 0.00161 0.000815

ρ min 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018 0.0018

As (mm^2) 223.20 223.20 201.60 201.60