The document discusses natural draught in boiler systems. It defines natural draught as the natural circulation of air through a boiler system driven by the height of the chimney. Natural draught supplies air for combustion and removes flue gases. Three problems are presented calculating the height of chimneys needed to produce specific natural draught pressures given information about air supply, flue gas temperature, and ambient temperature.
The document discusses natural draught in boiler systems. It defines natural draught as the natural circulation of air through a boiler system driven by the height of the chimney. Natural draught supplies air for combustion and removes flue gases. Three problems are presented calculating the height of chimneys needed to produce specific natural draught pressures given information about air supply, flue gas temperature, and ambient temperature.
The document discusses natural draught in boiler systems. It defines natural draught as the natural circulation of air through a boiler system driven by the height of the chimney. Natural draught supplies air for combustion and removes flue gases. Three problems are presented calculating the height of chimneys needed to produce specific natural draught pressures given information about air supply, flue gas temperature, and ambient temperature.
The document discusses natural draught in boiler systems. It defines natural draught as the natural circulation of air through a boiler system driven by the height of the chimney. Natural draught supplies air for combustion and removes flue gases. Three problems are presented calculating the height of chimneys needed to produce specific natural draught pressures given information about air supply, flue gas temperature, and ambient temperature.
BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN Draught ❖Draught is the pressure difference which causes a flow of air or
gases from one point to another point in the boiler system.
❖Draught is required in a boiler system mainly due to two reasons.
❖To supply sufficient air for completing the combustion.
❖To remove flue gases from the system after combustion and the
heat exchange. Types of Draught ❖There are two types of draught applied to the boiler system.
❖The natural draught
❖The forced draught
Natural Draught ❖Natural draught allows natural circulation of air through the boiler
system.
❖The natural draught mainly depends upon the height of the
chimney. PROBLEM 01: A thermal power plant has a chimney draught of 3.5 𝑐𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝐻2 𝑂 column. The flue-gas temperature flowing through the chimney is 280°C and the ambient temperature is 15°C. The amount of air supplied/kg of the fuel is 20 kg. Calculate the height of the chimney. Given Data: h = 3.5 cm of H2 O = 35 mm of water Ta = 15o C = 288 K
Tg = 280o C = 553 K kg ma = 20 kg of fuel To find:
Height of chimney 𝐻 =? Formula 1 ma +1 1 𝑁𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑚𝑛𝑒𝑦 h = 353 H − . … 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 Ta 𝑚𝑎 𝑇𝑔
𝐻= 63 𝑚 Ta = 15o C = 288 K kg ma = 20 kg of fuel Answer h = 35 mm of water
Tg = 280o C = 553 K Height of chimney 𝐻 =63 m PROBLEM 02: Find the minimum height of the chimney to produce a draught of 16 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝐻2 𝑂, if 19 kg of air is required/kg of fuel burnt on the grate. The mean temperature of flue gases inside the chimney is 330°C and the atmospheric temperature is 30°C.
Given Data: h = 16 mm of H2 O Ta = 30o C = 303 K
Tg = 330o C = 603 K kg ma = 19 kg of fuel To find:
Height of chimney 𝐻 =? Formula 1 ma +1 1 𝑁𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑚𝑛𝑒𝑦 h = 353 H − . … 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 Ta 𝑚𝑎 𝑇𝑔
1 19+1 1 16= 353 H − . 303 19 603 kg ma = 19 kg of fuel 𝐻= 29.15 𝑚 Ta = 30o C = 303 K
Answer Tg = 330o C = 603 K
h = 16 mm of H2 O Height of chimney 𝐻 = 29.15 m PROBLEM 03: A thermal power plant station works on natural draught. The height of the chimney is restricted to 40 m. The ambient temperature of the air is 20°C and the temperature of the flue-gas passing through the chimney at its base is 300°C. The air-fuel ratio is 17:1. Calculate the diameter of the chimney at the base, if head lost due to friction is 25% of the ideal draught. Given Data: H = 40 𝑚 Ta = 20o C = 293 K hf = 0.25 𝐻′
ma Tg = 300o C = 573 K = 17 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑓 ma = 17 𝑘𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 To find:
Diameter of the chimney D =?
Formula ma +1 Tg 𝑁𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 H′ = H − 1 … 𝑚 𝑜𝑓 ℎ𝑜𝑡 𝑔𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑎 Ta
ρ𝑔 = 0.65 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 𝜋 1.24= × 𝐷2 4 V𝑎𝑐𝑡 = 22.32 𝑚/𝑠 𝐷= 1.256 𝑚 Answer Diameter of chimney D = 1.256 m PROBLEM 04: A boiler uses 16 kg of air per kg of fuel, when the fuel consumption is at the rate of 1800 kg/h. Actual draught required is 20 mm of water when all losses are considered. The surrounding air temperature is 27°C and the flue gas temperature is 277°C. Determine the chimney height and its diameter if actual velocity of the flue gases is 0.35 times the theoretical velocity due to roughness of interior surfaces of the chimney. 𝑘𝑔 kg kg Given Data: ma = 16 ṁ𝑓 = 1800 = 0.5 𝑘𝑔 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑢𝑒𝑙 h s ℎ = 20 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝐻2 𝑂
Ta = 27o C = 300 K Tg = 277o C = 550 K Vact = 0.35 𝑉𝑔
To find: Diameter of the chimney D =?
Height of the chimney H =?
Formula 1 ma +1 1 𝑁𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑟𝑎𝑢𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑚𝑛𝑒𝑦 h = 353 H − . … 𝑚𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 Ta 𝑚𝑎 𝑇𝑔
𝐷= 1.374 𝑚 Answer Diameter of chimney D = 1.374 m STEAM BOILERS QUIZ BIBIN CHIDAMBARANATHAN 1. Which of the following boiler is best suited to meet the fluctuating demand of steam.......
A. Locomotive boiler B. Lancashire boiler C. Cornish boiler D. Babcock and wilcox boiler 2. Which of the following is a water tube boiler........
A. Locomotive boiler B. Lancashire boiler C. Cornish boiler D. Babcock and wilcox boiler 3. The economiser is used in boilers to........
A. Increase thermal efficiency of boiler
B. Economize on fuel C. Extract heat from the exhaust the gases D. Increase flue gas temperature 4. An economiser in a boiler........
A. Increases steam pressure
B. Increases steam flow C. Decreases fuel consumption D. Decreases steam pressure 5. Size of boiler tubes is specified by
A. Mean diameter and thickness
A. Inside diameter and thickness C. Outside diameter and thickness D. Outside diameter and inside diameter 6. The water tubes in a simple vertical boiler are
A. Horizontal B. Vertical C. Inclined D. All of the above 7. The diameter of fire tubes in cochran boiler is ........
A. 2 cm B. 6 cm C. 8 cm D. 15 cm 8. Lancashire boiler is a........
A. Stationary fire tube boiler
B. Internally fire tube boiler C. Horizontal boiler D. All of the above 9. The diameter of internal flue tubes of a Lancashire boiler is about........that of it's shell
A. One-fourth B. One-third C. Two-fifth D. One-half 10. Thermal efficiency of well maintained boiler will be of the order......
A. 30% A. 55% C. 90% D. 45% 11. In locomotive boiler, maximum steam pressure is limited to.....
A. 1 kg/cm2 B. 5 kg/cm2 C. 10 kg/cm2 D. 18 kg/cm2 12. The difference between Cornish boiler and Lancashire boiler is ........ A. Former is fire tube type and latter is water tube type boiler B. Former is water tube type and latter is fire tube type boiler C. Former contain one fire tube type and latter contains two water tube type boiler D. None of the above Thank You
