Bresenham’s Line Drawing Algorithm
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
void main()
{
float x1, y1, x2, y2, dx, dy, d, x, y, incre, incrne, xend;
int gd=DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\TC\BGI");
printf("enter the x1 and y1 values");
scanf("%f %f", &x1, &y1);
printf("enter the x2 and y2 values");
scanf("%f %f", &x2, &y2);
dx=x2-x1;
dy=y2-y1;
d=2*dy-dx;
incre=2*dy;
incrne=2*(dy-dx);
if(x2>x1)
{
x=x1;
y=y1;
xend=x2;
}
else
{
x=x2;
y=y2;
xend=x1;
}
while(x<xend)
{
if(d>0)
{
d=d+incre;
x=x+1;
}
else
{
d=d+incrne;
y=y+1;
x=x+1;
}
putpixel(x,y,6);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
DDA Circle Drawing Algorithm:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
float xc, yc, x, y, r, pi=3.14, t;
int gd=DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\TC\BGI");
printf("enter xc, yc and radius");
scanf("%f %f %f", &xc, &yc, &r);
for(t=0; t<(2*pi); t=t+0.01)
{
x=xc+r*cos(t);
y=yc+r*sin(t);
putpixel(x,y,4);
}
getch();
closegraph();
}
Mid-Point Circle Drawing Algorithm:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
void main()
{
float xc, yc, d, r, x, y;
int gd=DETECT, gm;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\TC\BGI");
printf("enter xc, yc and radius");
scanf("%f %f %f", &xc, &yc, &r);
x=0;
y=r;
d=1-r;
while(y>x)
{
if(d<0)
{
d=d+(2*x)+3;
}
else
{
d=d+2*(x-y)+5;
y--;
}
x++;
putpixel(x+xc, y+yc,7);
putpixel(-x+xc, y+yc,6);
putpixel(-x+xc, -y+yc,5);
putpixel(x+xc, -y+yc,5);
putpixel(y+xc, x+yc,4);
putpixel(-y+xc, x+yc,3);
putpixel(-y+xc, -x+yc,3);
putpixel(y+xc, -x+yc,2);
}
putpixel(x,y,4);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Pie-Chart Display of Voting Percentage obtained by four parties:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<dos.h>
piechart(int,int,int,int data[]);
static char *party[4]={"ABC", "XYZ", "PQR", "MNO"};
void main()
{
int i,xc,yc,r, gd=DETECT, gm,data[4];
clrscr();
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:\\TC\\BGI");
xc=getmaxx()/2;
yc=getmaxy()/2;
for(i=0;i<4;i++)
{
printf("party %d of %s\n", i+1, party[i]);
printf("Enter the number of votes\n");
scanf("%d",&data[i]);
}
printf("\n Enter the radius of pic having");
scanf("%d", &r);
cleardevice();
piechart(xc,yc,r,data);
getch();
closegraph();
}
Program to Demonstrate basic Geometric Transformations:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
void scale(int *, int *, float, float, int, int);
void rotate(int *, int *, float, int, int);
void translate(int *, int *, int, int);
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm, ch;
int x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, tx, ty;
float refx, refy, theta, sx, sy;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:/TURBOC3/BGI");
do
{
x1=150, y1=300, x2=250, y2=300, x3=200, y3=200, refx=200, refy=250;
cleardevice();
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x1,y1,x3,y3);
setcolor(YELLOW);
outtextxy(140,30,"Main menu");
outtextxy(140,50,"1. Scale");
outtextxy(140,70,"2. Rotate");
outtextxy(140,90,"3. Translate");
outtextxy(140,110,"4. Exit");
outtextxy(100,150,"Enter your choice : ");
scanf("%d", &ch);
switch(ch)
{
case 1 :
outtextxy(10,10,"enter sx and sy : ");
scanf("%f %f", &sx, &sy);
cleardevice();
//before scaling
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x1,y1,x3,y3);
//scaling to get new points
scale(&x1, &y1, sx, sy, refx, refy);
scale(&x2, &y2, sx, sy, refx, refy);
scale(&x3, &y3, sx, sy, refx, refy);
//triangle after scaling
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x1,y1,x3,y3);
getch();
break;
case 2 :
outtextxy(100,180,"Enter angle of rotation : ");
scanf("%f", &theta);
cleardevice();
//before rotation
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x1,y1,x3,y3);
//new co-ordinates
rotate(&x1, &y1, theta, refx, refy);
rotate(&x2, &y2, theta, refx, refy);
rotate(&x3, &y3, theta, refx, refy);
//after rotation
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x1,y1,x3,y3);
getch();
break;
case 3 :
outtextxy(100, 180, "Enter tx and ty : ");
scanf("%d %d", &tx, &ty);
cleardevice();
//before translation
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x1,y1,x3,y3);
//translated co-ordinates
translate(&x1, &y1, tx, ty);
translate(&x2, &y2, tx, ty);
translate(&x3, &y3, tx, ty);
//after translation
line(x1,y1,x2,y2);
line(x2,y2,x3,y3);
line(x1,y1,x3,y3);
getch();
break;
case 4 :
break;
}
} while(ch!=4);
getch();
closegraph();
}
void scale(int *xnew, int *ynew, float sx, float sy, int refx, int refy)
{
translate(xnew, ynew, -refx, -refy);
*xnew=*xnew*sx;
*ynew=*ynew*sy;
translate(xnew, ynew, refx, refy);
}
void translate(int *xnew, int *ynew, int tx, int ty)
{
*xnew=*xnew+tx;
*ynew=*ynew+ty;
}
void rotate(int *xnew, int *ynew, float angl, int refx, int refy)
{
int *xold, *yold;
translate(xnew, ynew, -refx, -refy);
*xold=*xnew;
*yold=*ynew;
angl=angl*3.14/180; // angle converted to radians
*xnew=*xold*cos(angl)-*yold*sin(angl);
*ynew=*yold*cos(angl)+*xold*sin(angl);
translate(xnew, ynew, refx, refy);
}
Program to display Flag Movement:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<graphics.h>
#include<dos.h>
void flag1();
void flag2();
void flag3();
void main()
{
int gd=DETECT, gm;
int i, stangle, endangle;
initgraph(&gd, &gm, "C:/TURBOC3/BGI");
while(!kbhit())
{
cleardevice();
flag1();
delay(250);
cleardevice();
flag3();
delay(300);
cleardevice();
flag2();
delay(350);
}
getch();
closegraph();
//return();
}
void flag1()
{
int i;
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,6);
bar(50,50,300,100);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, WHITE);
bar(50,100,300,150);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, GREEN);
bar(50,150,300,200);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, 8);
bar(40,20,50,460);
for(i=0;i<=360;i+=15)
pieslice(175,125,i,i+15,25);
}
void flag2()
{
int i;
int r1[8]={50,50,300,75,300,125,50,100};
int r2[8]={50,100,300,125,300,175,50,150};
int r3[8]={50,150,300,175,300,225,50,200};
setcolor(0);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,6);
fillpoly(4,r1);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,WHITE);
fillpoly(4,r2);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,GREEN);
fillpoly(4,r3);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,8);
bar(40,20,50,460);
setcolor(9);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, WHITE);
for(i=0;i<=360;i+=15)
pieslice(175,137,i,i+15,25);
}
void flag3()
{
int i;
int r1[8]={50,50,300,25,300,75,50,100};
int r2[8]={50,100,300,75,300,125,50,150};
int r3[8]={50,150,300,125,300,175,50,200};
setcolor(0);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,6);
fillpoly(4,r1);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,WHITE);
fillpoly(4,r2);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,GREEN);
fillpoly(4,r3);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL,8);
bar(40,20,50,460);
setcolor(9);
setfillstyle(SOLID_FILL, WHITE);
for(i=0;i<=360;i+=15)
pieslice(175,113,i,i+15,25);
}
Scan-line Area Filling:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
#include<graphics.h>
void main()
{
int n,i,j,k,gd=DETECT,gm,dx,dy,x,y,temp;
int a[20][2],xi[20];
float slope[20];
clrscr();
initgraph(&gd,&gm,"C:\\tc\\bgi");
printf("enter the number of edges of polygon: \n");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("enter the coordinate values of polygon \n");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
scanf("%d %d",&a[i][0],&a[i][1]);
a[n][0]=a[0][0];
a[n][1]=a[0][1];
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
line(a[i][0],a[i][1],a[i+1][0],a[i+1][1]);
getch();
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
dy=a[i+1][1]-a[i][1];
dx=a[i+1][0]-a[i][0];
if(dy==0)
slope[i]=1.0;
if(dx==0)
slope[i]=0.0;
if((dy!=0)&&(dx!=0))
slope[i]=(float)dx/dy;
}
for(y=0;y<400;y++)
{
k=0;
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
{
if( ((a[i][1]<=y)&&(a[i+1][1]>y)) || ((a[i][1]>y)&&(a[i+1][1]<=y)) )
{
xi[k]=(int)(a[i][0]+slope[i]*(y-a[i][1]));
k++;
}
}
for(j=0;j<k-1;j++)
for(i=0;i<k-1;i++)
{
if(xi[i]>xi[i+1])
{
temp=xi[i];
xi[i]=xi[i+1];
xi[i+1]=temp;
}
}
setcolor(RED);
for(i=0;i<k;i+=2)
{
line(xi[i],y,xi[i+1]+1,y);
getch();
}
}
closegraph();
}
