Outcomes Pre-Intermediate Student's Book Answer Key: Unit 1 Opener (Page 7) 1 Possible Answer

OUTCOMES PRE-INTERMEDIATE
Student’s Book Answer Key
Unit 1 4 And do you enjoy it?

5 What’re the hours like?
Opener (page 7)
Conversation 2
1 Possible answer: 1 So what do you do?
3 So how long have you worked there?
Work with your students’ answers. Possible 6 So do you get on with the other people you
suggestions for the person’s job include work with?
explorer, surveyor or archaeologist. Students
may suggest he is looking for water, 9 Conversation 1
planning a building project or doing 1 I’m an engineer.
geographical research. 2 Well, I travel around quite a lot, actually.
Good: he can travel, be outside in the open 4 Yeah, it’s great. I don’t really mind the
air, see interesting places, do important travelling and the money’s good.
work (perhaps). 5 I usually work quite long hours. I mean, I
Bad: he might have to travel too much, be often do a sixty-hour week.
away from home for a long time, and work Conversation 2
long hours in hostile conditions. 1 I work for a small company back in Korea,
Questions: What do you do? What’s the but I’m actually a student at the moment.
most 3 About two years now.
exciting part of your job? Why do you do 6 We get on OK, but it can be difficult
your job? Who do you work with? Do you sometimes because I’m the boss’s daughter.
enjoy your job?
11 PS: 2, 4, 5, 7
PC: 1, 3, 6
What do you do? (pages 8 and 9)
Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
1 (left to right, top to bottom)
1 what do you do?
photographer, pilot, politician,
2 How’s your job going at the moment? …
nurse, engineer, soldier,
We’re working
journalist, actor, lawyer
3 do you start, I usually leave, get up
Jobs not in the photos:
4 is doing
police officer – wears a uniform, stops crime
5 I’m looking
sales manager – sells products for a
6 I’m doing
company, other people work for him / her
scientist – does experiments, works in a
12 1 a run b ’m running
laboratory, wears a white coat (e.g. Einstein,
2 a try b ’s trying
Newton)
3 a ’m waiting b wait
4 a ’m doing b do
2 actor, engineer, journalist, lawyer, nurse,
photographer, pilot, police officer, politician,
sales manager, scientist, soldier
1 Are your friends staying in a hotel or with
41c 2d 3b 4a 5e 6f you?
2 I sometimes cycle to work.
61c 2d 3b 4a 5f 6e 3 (correct)
4 Karen knows the guy who owns that
restaurant.
8 Conversation 1 5 We aren’t getting much work at the
1 So what you do? moment, unfortunately.
2 Where do you work? 6 (correct)
Time management (Pages 10-11) I’ve got several appointments with clients.
4 We’re going to Italy in the summer.
2 Good things to do: 3 (make a list); 5 How long are you staying there?
(prioritise); 10 (take a break); some 5 There’s a meeting later … Are you going?
students may argue that 9 is a good thing I don’t need to go.
3 Possible answers 10 1 job

1 Martin: answer emails, meet a customer, 2 staff
appointment with the dentist, give and 3 interview
prepare a presentation, attend a training 4 training
session on time management 5 meeting
Tula: write something for marketing, 6 priority
attend a training session on time 7 contract
management 8 project
2 Rachel: hang the clothes outside and sort
out her room (according to Mum); study 11 Possible answers
for a test, finish a project, meet Jane 1 get / find a job, a full-time / temporary
(according to Rachel) / demanding job
2 join the staff, medical / teaching / office
4 Possible answers staff, a member of staff
The suggestion is that Martin and Rachel’s 3 give an interview, an interview with, call
mother organise their time quite well. somebody for an interview
Martin has a lot to do and seems to be 4 receive training, job training
planning ahead. Tula and Rachel do not 5 a meeting on / about, hold / attend a
organise their time well: they leave things meeting
to the last minute, get distracted by others, 6 have a priority, a high priority
forget things; Rachel wastes time watching 7 break a contract, a full-time contract
TV. 8 start / finish a project, an important
project, a construction project
5 1 finding it difficult
2 by the way All work, no pay (pages 12-13)
3 the sales staff
4 waste of time 2 Possible answers
5 a couple of housewife or househusband; childcare;
6 Can you hang looking after the elderly; working with
7 change your priorities young people; charity fundraising;
8 get paid for voluntary work overseas; working for a
campaign group; looking after the
7 1 present environment (e.g. clearing litter); working
2 future in local politics; getting work experience as
3 present a young person; working for a club or
4 future society (organising activities, etc.)
5 future
6 future 3 Claudia
7 future 1 works in public relations
8 present / generally true 2 needed work experience
9 future 3 not happy / frustrated / feels exploited
10 present / generally true 4 is looking for a new job
Jerome
Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference 1 works as a doctor
1 What are you doing on Saturday? 2 was bored / wanted a change
I’m meeting a friend. 3 is very happy, having the best time of
2 Is your boyfriend coming to the party his life
tomorrow? 4 is planning to stay
He has to work late.
3 Are you busy this afternoon?
Sulochana
1 is working for an organisation for
women’s rights
2 wants women to get paid for
housework
3 doesn’t mind
4 plans to start a website and is thinking
of going on strike
5 1 Sulochana (see example in the

Student’s Book)
2 Sulochana (her organisation is thinking
of going on strike)
3 Claudia (public relations is a
competitive area, a lot of people want
to work there)
4 Jerome (got bored after he retired) or
Claudia (she was only doing boring jobs)
5 Sulochana (this is what she is
campaigning for for women)
6 Jerome (people in Sierra Leone have a
positive attitude)
7 Claudia (making coffee is the sort of job
she was doing at first)
8 Sulochana (women play an important
role in building the nation)
9 Jerome (is advising doctors on how to
improve services)
10 Claudia (is organising distribution of a
new German film)
11 Jerome (his contract ends in three
months)
12 Claudia (feels the company is exploiting
her)
7 1 ’m … advising
2 ’m doing, I’m teaching
3 ’m organising
4 ’re negotiating
5 ’m … doing
6 ’m working on
7 ’m installing
8 ’m attending, ’m giving
8 Possible answers
1 teach (somebody) how to cook / how
to drive
2 organise a conference / a meeting
3 do research on a new drug / the
causes of something
4 install software / a new bathroom
5 give a talk on a new product / on their
research
Unit 2
5 You can buy second-hand things in charity
Opener (page 15) shops, jumble sales, markets, car boot
1 Possible answers sales and online through websites that
Work with your students’ answers. The specialise in second-hand goods. Buying
photo shows a shop assistant in an old- electronic goods (computers, etc.) second-
fashioned clothes shop serving a young, hand may be a bad idea because you don’t
teenage customer who is being measured know if they will work and often they are
for a suit or jacket. The young boy seems out of date.
to be feeling nervous and is trying to be Many people buy second-hand cars
serious. His mother looks amused but because new ones are very expensive.
proud. Kids grow out of clothes quickly, so buying
Things they might say: Can I help you? You second-hand clothes is a popular option,
look good / smart. Is this the right size? but some people don’t like the idea of
Does it fit / suit me? Do you have this wearing clothes that once belonged to
jacket in another colour? other people.
You can see the following in the photo: Books are commonly sold second-hand.
suit, shoes, shirt, trainers, jeans (on shelves
in the background). 6 1 -ed 3 did 5 weren’t
2 go, get 4 didn’t
Where did you get it? (pages 16-17)
1 1 quality, lasted 1 1 did you do 2 stayed 3 spent
2 thick, keep 2 1 Did you get 2 bought 3 did they have
3 fit, uncomfortable 4 were
4 complicated, follow 3 1 Did you have 4 did you go 7 paid
5 comfortable, lie 2 was 5 Was it 8 didn't say
6 wear, smart 3 went 6 told 9 was
7 suit, dark
8 light, carry 8 Possible answers
9 designed, unique 1 Did you have anything nice?
Where did you go?
2 Possible answers 2 How old were you?
1 leather / wool; other materials: cotton, Did you do anything to celebrate?
silk 3 Where(abouts) did you go exactly?
2 because you got fatter / grew taller / it When did you get back?
got smaller in the wash (shrank) 4 What did you do before?
Give it to someone / throw it away / sell Why did you leave?
it on eBay 5 Did they win?
3 shoes / a table or other furniture / a How much were the tickets?
meeting or film
4 a woolly hat / a thick coat / a cup of tea 10 Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar
/ hot food, keep you cool reference
5 bright / light colours 1 I didn’t see anything
6 gold / silver (metal) 2 Where did you get them?
7 for work / for an interview / for a 3 What did he say?
wedding 4 (correct)
8 because it has lots of buttons / lots of 5 and I did too
functions / long instructions 6 I broke a glass
7 after we left
4 1 a new camera (good quality / lots of 8 Why weren’t you
functions but not too complicated / 9 neither did I.
light) 10 when I took it out
2 earrings (old / second hand)
3 a jacket (second hand / warm / thick / 12 1 I love your ring. Where did you get it?
wool / only £15) 2 That’s a great bag. Is it new?
3 Hey, cool phone! How long have you 3 Adam’s wife took him to a concert for his
had it? birthday. It was great.
4 I love your shirt. It’s a really nice design. 4 Adam’s wife went to bed, and he went on
5 I like your boots. They look really online.
comfortable. 5 Jochem looked at lots of different websites
6 That’s a lovely jacket. It really suits you. before he bought his son the laptop.
6 Jochem’s son opened the box in a rush and
I bought it online (pages 18-19) dropped the laptop.
7 Kristin needed a new part for her car, so
2 1B 3G 5G 7B/G 9G she ordered one online.
2G 4B 6B 8B 10 B 8 The company Kristin ordered the car part
from forgot to tell her it was out of stock.
5 Sandra
1 shoes Can I help you (pages 20-21)
2 It’s hard to find shoes in her size.
3 They were the wrong colour and too 1 Possible answers
small. 1 it’s broken / it doesn’t fit / you decided
4 She returned them and got her money you don’t like it
back. 2 to show them where something is / to
Adam help them carry something / to help
1 guitar them get something from a high shelf
2 Because he saw a band / a concert 3 it has long queues / things are out of
inspired him. stock / assistants are rude
3 He bid £1,000 instead of 100 and he 4 Where’s X? / Do you have this in a
had to pay £750 / his wife was angry. bigger size? / Can you wrap it?
4 He’s having lessons. 5 Are you paying by cash or credit card? /
Jochem Do you want a bag? / Would you like it
1 laptop wrapped?
2 It was a birthday present for his son.
3 His son dropped the laptop, it was badly 2 Conversation 1: b – They let the other
damaged / didn’t work. person go first in the queue.
4 (We don’t know.) Conversation 2: e – Would you like it
Kristin wrapped?
1 a part for her car Conversation 3: a – It was damaged (a
2 Because her car had a problem. button was loose).
3 It was out of stock, they needed to Conversation 4: c – There was no-one to
order it and she had to wait three serve them. / They had to wait a long time.
weeks. Conversation 5: d – Do you have it in a
4 She finally got the part. smaller size?
6 1 Kristin 2 Sandra 3 Adam 4 Jochem 4 1 Conversation 3 7 Conversation 1

2 Conversation 2 8 Conversation 5
7 /t/ dropped, looked 3 Conversation 4 9 Conversation 4
/d/ delivered, ordered, arrived, loved, 4 Conversation 5 10 Conversation 3
returned, opened 5 Conversation 3 11 Conversation 2
/ɪd/ recommended, needed, decided, 6 Conversation 2 12 Conversation 4
wanted
6 1 a, e, c, b, d
10 1 f 2 a 3 d 4 b 5 h 6 c 7 e 8 g 2 e, b, d, a, c
11 Possible answers 1: e offering, c checking, b reassuring,

1 Sandra’s friend recommended a new d accepting
website for buying shoes. 2: b offering, d checking, a reassuring,
2 When they delivered Sandra’s shoes, they c accepting
were the wrong colour.
8 1 -er 2 -ier 3 more 4 much 5 not as
6 T
1 larger 4 1 is just getting 4 I see
2 thicker, better 2 are looking for 5 I’m watching
3 more comfortable, nicer 3 eat / are eating 6 She’s looking for
4 more convenient, expensive
5 better, earlier, as heavy Review 2 (page 23)
1
9 1 smaller 1 ’m training 7 make
2 easier 2 really like 8 help
3 bigger 3 ’m doing 9 want
4 smarter 4 learned 10 had
5 better, longer 5 passed 11 didn’t get
6 brighter, more colourful 6 work 12 is organising
7 more comfortable, more practical, 2
lighter, more easily 1 What do you do?
2 Did you have a nice weekend?
10 Possible answers 3 What time are you meeting Maria
1 shoes / boots tomorrow?
2 TV / computer / microwave 4 How long did the meeting last?
3 jacket / coat 5 Does your brother work with you?
4 jacket / skirt / dress / suit 6 Do you want me to wrap it?
5 chair / table 3
6 dress / wrapping paper 1 I didn’t understand 4 ’m going to
7 buggy / pushchair 2 not as fast as 5 are better quality
3 Did you pay 6 easier to use
Possible answers to Exercise 2, Grammar 5
reference 1g 2h 3e 4c 5d 6b 7a 8f
1 The market is much cheaper than the 6
supermarket. jobs and work: experience, a journalist, a
2 My new job is better paid than my old one. soldier, a strike, training
3 This school is much better than my local clothes and shopping: a bargain, jewellery,
one. smart, stock, thick, a top, trainers
4 People here are not as friendly as people in 7
my country. 1 selection 5 uncomfortable
5 The shop isn’t doing as badly as / is doing 2 reliable 6 competitive
worse than last year. 3 recommend 7 manager
6 The design of your phone is not as nice as 4 deliver 8 lawyer
mine 8
1 broke 7 giving
Video 1: A Child’s Garden of Gators (page 22) 2 fault 8 recommended
3 rush 9 sale
1 1 in the United States, in swampland, 4 dropped 10 reduced
probably somewhere like the Florida 5 damaged 11 delay
Everglades 6 attending 12 orders
2 They are catching baby alligators.
3 The main risk is that the mother and answers to Exercise 4
alligator will attack them. 1 It doesn’t really suit me.
4 The mother comes out of the water and 2 Do you have anything a bit bigger?
they run away. 3 It’s not as good as my old one.
4 What did you think of it?
3 1T 5 I’m thinking of buying it.
2 F (he’s nine) 6 I work late most nights.
3 F (he looks left instead of right)
4 T
5 F (the noise is to attract the babies)
Unit 3 Conversation 3: They got off at the wrong
stop and have to walk (half a mile).
Opener (page 25) 3 by bus and on foot (walking)
4 not on the recording, but they now know
1 Possible answers where it is (‘I told you that was it!’)
Students may suggest they are travelling in
this way because it is part of their way of 5
life (they are part of a floating market, 1 way 6 right
selling goods; they are travelling from one 2 It’s 7 near
place to another) or because something 3 opposite 8 got off
catastrophic has happened (they are 4 Take 9 going
refugees; they have lost their home in a 5 did he say 10 miss
flood). However, fishing nets and fish can
be seen in the boat, which suggests they 7
live from fishing. 1 over 5 to
Good: can see lots of places, countryside, 2 through 6 at
be in the fresh air, be independent 3 along 7 on
Bad: there is water in the bottom of the 4 past 8 opposite
boat, so it would be wet and
uncomfortable I missed my flight (page 28-29)
2 Possible answers 1
Ways of travelling: on foot, by bike, by car, 1c 3e 5d 7f 9h
by bus, by tram, by train, by taxi, by coach, 2b 4g 6I 8a
by plane, on the underground
2 Possible answers
We’re lost (pages 26-27) The writer is someone who travels a lot.
Maybe they work for an international
1 company, or have family abroad or like
1 a playground travelling. Maybe they work for an airline.
2 a town hall It’s an older person (several years since I
3 a church last missed a flight). He / she is
4 a police station disorganised (missed 15 flights). They
5 traffic lights might be rich (can afford to miss flights!).
6 a bridge
7 a subway 4
8 a roundabout 1e 2b 3f 4a 5c 6d
9 a monument
10 a crossroads 5
11 a crossing 1 When he got a tablet, he could read, watch films, etc.
12 a sports ground (maybe didn’t have time for this normally).
2 Probably it was expensive and he didn’t realise the
2 bus would take so long.
1 playground 5 bridge 3 It was very early and he was tired and didn’t
2 monument 6 police station set his alarm. No-one woke him. (Airlines often
3 town hall 7 sports ground don’t call if you only have hand luggage and have
4 roundabout 8 traffic lights checked in online, which the author does.)
4 He didn’t realise the airport was so big (and
4 maybe the ticket was cheaper). Perhaps he didn't
1 A museum want to have to wait a long time for a connection.
2 Conversation 1: They don’t listen / 5 He normally goes to that particular
remember the information they were airport and he didn’t check his ticket
given. carefully enough.
Conversation 2: The woman doesn’t 6 He arrived so early that the boarding
understand English / they have the gate wasn’t listed on the departures
wrong bus stop. board.
6 Complete chaos (pages 30-31)
1 got, woke up, heard
2 were doing, was walking away, was 1
reading 1 taxi
The past continuous is formed with was 2 coach
/ were + verb -ing. 3 plane
3 a doing repairs 4 van
b walking away 5 bike
c reading 6 car
4 a got to the station 7 train
b woke up 8 truck
c heard the last call 9 underground
10 motorbike
1 got on 4
2 bought There are eight items of news, two of them
3 was still packing are good news.
4 met
5 was driving 5
6 were you going, saw 1 ring their airline
2 check their airline’s website
7 3 both lanes closed (truck lost its load of
1 was going, searched fruit onto the road)
2 started, didn’t stop 4 avoid the area
3 wasn’t looking, walked, was anyone 5 repair work
watching 6 use the replacement bus service
4 turned round, was walking 7 station is closed
8 go on foot or take public transport
8
1 I was going to work the other day … 6
2 The other day, I was coming home … 1 in
3 He was driving along the motorway … 2 in
4 She wasn’t looking where she was going 3 in
… 4 on, between
5 It was late and we were trying to get to 5 on
sleep … 6 at
7 on
9 Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference
1 7 Possible answers
1 went 1 a strike, bad weather, problems with
2 offered the aircraft
3 decided 2 an accident, a mechanical problem,
4 I was having shortage of staff or trains, other delays
5 walked on the network
6 sat 3 flooding, fire, structural problems,
2 repair work, a strike
1 did 4 an accident, repair work, other
2 was writing roadworks, bad weather (e.g. snow, ice)
3 was starting / started 5 too much traffic caused by a special
4 went event, rush hour, roadworks, an
5 made accident
6 put
7 started
8 rang
9 jumped
10 spilled
9
1 T
2 F (some can go with plural countable
nouns)
3 F (they can all be used with
uncountable nouns;
see also the Grammar reference)
4 T (but see the Grammar reference)
5 F

1 some, many
2 bit
3 any
4 plenty (or lots)
5 much, few
6 lot (bit is possible here, but it is unlikely
that you would use it with anger)
7 any
8 no
10
1 much
2 any
3 some
4 many
5 plenty
6 any
7 no
8 bit
9 a lot of
10 few

1 a few
2 too many
3 no
4 too few
5 a few
6 lot of
Unit 4 2 Have you had, I made
3 eaten, had, tasted
Opener (page 33) 4 Have you visited, is
5 was, was, hasn’t arrived
1 Possible answers
Work with your students’ answers. 9
Students may comment on the unusual, 1 Have you ever eaten, had
casual appearance and dress of the two 2 Have you ever been, went, paid
men (Owners? Waiters? Chefs?) and 3 Have you ever complained, complained,
on the food available, which seems to be wasn’t
limited to cakes, children’s breakfast 4 Have you ever found, found
cereals and tea or coffee (the mugs). 5 Have you tried, ’ve never heard
6 Have you watched, I’ve seen it
Are you hungry? (pages 34-35)
1 1 a lost b has lost
1 place, does 6 disgusting, rude 2 a have … had b had
2 busy, seat 7 choice, options 3 a ’ve … tried b didn’t try
3 service, staff 8 terrace, view 4 a Have … seen b Did … see
4 dishes, choose 9 had, delicious 5 a ’ve known b didn’t know
5 value, portions 6 a went b haven’t been

They decide to go to a Turkish restaurant 1 Have you been here before?
called Selale, because Victor thinks it’s 2 Have you ever eaten chicken feet?
really good, Sara has never eaten Turkish 3 Have you tried that new restaurant?
food, and there’s a great selection of 4 Has Dave spoken to you about tonight
dishes. Also, Sara doesn’t want to go to the yet?
other restaurants that Victor suggests. 5 Have you two been introduced?
6 How long has she lived there?
4
1 T (both like it but Victor doesn’t want it 1c 2a 3f 4d 5b 6e
today)
2 F (it’s near a department store) What are you having? (pages 36-37)
3 F (she doesn’t really like seafood)
4 F (it’s fifteen minutes’ walk) 2
5 F (she has never tried it) how eaten: fried, grilled, boiled, roast, raw
6 F (though they would like to – they are taste and texture: hard, bitter, sweet, soft,
going to phone to see if they have a mild
table) part of food: leg, shell, seed, stone, skin
kind of food: meat, seafood, vegetable,
6 herb, fruit
1 T (usually, but not always – regular past
participles are the same as past simple 3
forms – wanted / have wanted – and 1 scallops
many irregular forms are the same – got 2 avocado (the Mexican dip guacamole is
/ have got, put / have put – but many the best-known sauce you can make
other irregulars are different – ate / with avocadoes)
eaten; gave / given; broke / broken,
etc.) 7
2 F a C f W
3 T b W g W
4 T c C h W
d C i C
Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference e C j C
1 went, Have you been, get
8 2 grab 5 concerned
1g 3f 5e 7b 9i 3 stalls 6 secret
2h 4c 6j 8a 10 d
5
9 a Me too. Thank you. 1 too
b I'm OK, thanks. I'm really full, but if 2 much
you want something … 3 many
c Yes. I'm afraid it's got lamb in it. 4 to
d No, look. Service is included. 5 not (n’t), enough
e Of course. Sparkling or still?
f Not quite. Could you just give us two Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
more minutes? 1 enough 1d
G No. Is that a problem? 2 too 2g
h That'd be great. Thanks. He's 3 enough 3b
actually a boy, though! 4 enough 4a
i Yes, of course. 5 too much 5h
j Certainly madam. I'll just go and get 6 too 6e
one. 7 too many 7c
8 enough 8f
10
1 Could Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference
2 Shall 1 The restaurant we went to for my
3 Could birthday was great value. The food was
4 Would, Could delicious and it was too
5 Shall really cheap.
6 Could 2 Have you put enough salt enough in
7 Would that soup? Just check.
8 Shall 3 It tasted disgusting. They put too much
many chillies in it for my liking.
Start the day (pages 38-39) 4 I find it too bitter for to drink if I don’t
add any sugar.
2 5 (correct)
a Egypt (photo shows foul medammes 6 I don’t think this pan is enough big
and boiled egg, topped with parsley) enough to cook pasta for everyone. I
b Costa Rica (photo shows gallo pinto, might need two pans.
fried plantain, a fried egg, cheese or
cream, a mango and a cup of coffee) Video 2: Forbidden Fruit (page 40)
c South Korea (photo shows kimchi in
soup) d Ireland (photo shows an Irish 2
breakfast or fry, with bacon, People smuggle them into hotels, where
sausages, black and white pudding, the smell causes problems; they are very
scrambled eggs, tomato, a hash expensive; people can kill for them!
brown – fried patty of grated potato
– and baked beans, served with 4
toast) 1 rotten fish and custard; a rubbish
dump; blue cheese; a dead dog
3 1 Costa Rica 2 Durian is compared to cheese because
2 Bulgaria it also smells very strongly and is very
3 South Korea popular in the West.
4 Egypt 3 up to fifty dollars
5 South Korea and Ireland 4 the curtains, the carpets, the
6 Egypt (from street stalls) and bedspreads
Ireland (if they stay in a hotel) 5 charcoal or an industrial ioniser
4
1 typical, consist 4 stomach
5
1F 2O 3F 4O 5F 6F
Review 2 (page 41)
1
1 never 6 right
2 lot 7 ’ve
3 was 8 asked
4 were 9 of
5 any 10 didn’t
2
1 Did he go with you? Have you eaten here
before?
2 What would you like for dessert? Has he
finished eating?
3 Where have you been? What time did you
get here?
4 How much did it cost? How long has she
lived here?
5 Could I have a coffee please? Who were
you talking to earlier?
3
1 some, had
2 Could, no, some
3 seen, a few, didn’t like
4 did, was texting, much
6
1d 3h 5b 7f
2e 4g 6c 8a
7
flights: cancelled, check in, land
driving: a licence, a roundabout, a service
station, a truck, a vehicle
food: mild, roast, seafood, skin
8
1 stuck 5 Japanese
2 departure 6 directly
3 boarding 7 choice
4 friendly 8 grilled
9
1 queues 7 keep
2 park 8 monument
3 underground 9 miss
4 ground 10 delicious
5 line 11 portions
6 main 12 value
Unit 5 doing some exercise (Maribel might go
running)
Opener (page 43) going on a trip to the country
They don’t plan to do any of the following:
1 Possible answers taking a flight (she’s meeting someone at
It seems likely that the woman is at the the airport, but isn’t taking a flight)
London Olympics (see Culture notes watching a sports event (Corinne suggests
below). going running at the track)
People enjoy the excitement of attending going to a dance class (there’s a party and
live sporting events, perhaps also the Maribel says she likes to dance)
camaraderie and feeling of pride in their going to a swimming pool (Maribel prefers
country / region / town, etc. It is a chance a heated pool for swimming but they’re
to see extraordinary athletes / going to a lake)
sportspeople perform at the highest level,
and to support and encourage them after 5
the years of training they have put into 1 you’re here
their sport. 2 take it easy
It is probably a stressful experience rather 3 I’m afraid
than relaxing, but it can be exciting and 4 some important clients
uplifting when your team does well. 5 down the road
6 I’d prefer
What are your plans? (pages 44-45) 7 at the weekend
8 for a walk
1 9 spare swimming gear
1d 2e 3f 4b 5c 6a 10 make the most
cards: card table, pack of cards, dice a 1, 3, 4, 5 b 2, 6, 7
(sometimes), casino
dance: dance studio / dance floor, dance Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
shoes, leotard, costume, etc. 1 to watch, to get
swimming: sea, lake, river, swimsuit, 2 are … doing, ’re meeting, to see
goggles, swimming cap 3 having, having, hire
athletics: track, shoes 4 ’re playing, to play
football: pitch / park / sports centre /
stadium, ball, net / goal, boots, shirt, pads, 1 a Who else is going?
gloves b Where are you going to have it?
basketball: court, basket, boots 2 a Who are they playing?
yoga: sports hall / leisure centre, mat, b When are you thinking of getting the
leotard tickets?
running: park / river bank, shorts, top 3 a How long is she going to stay?
fishing: river / sea / lake, net, hook, line, b What are you thinking of doing while
bait, waders she’s here?
tennis: ball, net, trainers (tennis shoes),
shorts Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference
golf: clubhouse, hole, ball, golf shoes, bag, 1 I might call you later.
tee 2 What are you going to do?
drawing: studio, easel, charcoal, pencils, 3 We’re thinking of having a meeting about
paper / drawing pad it.
4 I’m not going to go on holiday this year.
4 Answers 5 I might not be in class tomorrow.
They talk about: 6 Where are you thinking of staying?
relaxing and doing nothing (she says she’s 7 I’m going to go fishing this weekend.
going to take it easy) 8 What are you thinking of going to see?
looking round the shops 9 I may not come. It depends how I feel.
The best game in the world (pages 46-47) 14
1 aim (to)
1 2 prevent
1 won 5 beats 3 the outcome
2 scored 6 kicked 4 the pace
3 time 7 throw 5 an opponent
4 drew 8 support 6 the referee
7 banned
5 8 bet
People don’t like it because it can be very
boring / nothing happens / players earn Take the stress out of life (pages 48-49)
too much money.
It’s popular because it’s simple to play and 3
understand, you don’t need expensive Colouring books and the maker movement
equipment, no skill is needed, it’s different are both relaxing and creative hobbies that
every time / you don’t know what’ll have started to become popular.
happen Colouring books: depression (colouring is
an alternative way of dealing with stress
7 and depression), pattern (the books have
1 When an adjective has three or more all kinds of patterns), publish (the books
syllables (some two-syllable adjectives are one of the biggest growth areas in
also use most). publishing)
2 We use -est when the adjective has one Maker movement: furniture (people make
or two syllables (but remember that it); retail therapy (we are made to think
some two-syllable adjectives also use that shopping is relaxing and will make us
most). feel better, but the opposite is true);
3 Because the adjective ends in -y and the personal (the things you make are more
y becomes i + est. personal than those you buy)
Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference 4

1 He’s the nicest person I’ve ever met. 1 stopped doing colouring
2 It’s the most exciting race I’ve taken part 2 colouring books for adults
in. 3 ‘anti-stress’ or ‘art therapy’ to the titles
3 That computer is the most reliable we have 4 they need to concentrate / they forget
ever had. about everything else / focus on the
4 This is the most complicated game I have present
ever played. 5 very detailed and complicated
5 It’s the funniest book I’ve read in a long 6 sleeps better
time. 7 so commercial
6 That is the smartest I’ve ever seen you 8 sharing ideas and helping each other
look.
5
12 make-up – coloured substance you put on
Pato: photo c the skin of your face (mime putting it on /
Keirin: photo e point to examples of make-up)
Bossaball: photo a growth = increase (draw a line graph)
dramatic = big and / or sudden
13 task = job / action
1 Keirin made a difference = changed something,
2 Pato usually in a good way
3 Bossaball debt = owing money (to the bank),
4 Pato spending more money than you have
5 Keirin
7
child: childish (adj)
drama: dramatic (adj)
person: personal (adj), personally (adv)
publish: published (verb); publishing
(noun);
publisher (noun)
occupy: occupation (noun)
relax: relaxing (adj); relaxation (noun)
sell: sales (noun); best seller (noun), selling
(verb –
present participle)
stress: stressful (adj); anti-stress (adj)
8
1 a expenses b inexpensive
2 a add b addition
3 a support b supporters
4 a heating b heat
5 a manage b management
6 a secure b security
9
1 travel expenses = money that is paid
back to you after a business trip, e.g.
rail travel or petrol, hotel costs, meals,
etc.
2 add some salt = put salt in food
In addition to = as well as
3 (not have) much support for = not many
other people think it is a good idea
rival supporters = groups of people who
follow opposite teams
4 turn the heating on = start heating the
house, e.g. start the central heating
escape the summer heat = go to a
different place (e.g. the coast or
mountains) where it is less hot
5 manage to do everything = be able to
do everything, fit in all the jobs you
have style of management = way that
you organise things and people
6 to secure the airports = to make sure
the airports are safe from terrorist
attack security was very tight = there
were very strict security measures, e.g.
a lot of police officers, thorough
security checks
Unit 6 4
Female only Male and female
Opener (page 51) 1 aunt 2 classmate
5 ex-wife 3 colleague
2 7 girlfriend 4 cousin
This is the true story of the photo, taken by 8 gran 6 flatmate
the National Geographic photographer 9 little sister 11 neighbour
Michael ‘Nick’ Nichols. 10 niece 14 partner
In 1987 Nick’s family lived in the Rwandan 12 mum
village of Bisoki while he was working on a 13 mother-in-law
book on gorillas. His guide, Shambani, 15 sister-in-law
became his friend, and Shambani’s son,
Fidele, played with Nick’s son, Ian. Nick 5
returned home to the USA, and when his 1 uncle
second son Eli Nichols was born in 1989, 5 ex-husband
Nick sent a snapshot to Shambani. 7 boyfriend
Returning to Bisoke in 1994, Nick learned 8 granddad / grandpa
that his friend Shambani had died in a 9 little brother
Zairean refugee camp. He managed to find 10 nephew
Fidele (pictured in the photo), who 12 dad
exclaimed, ‘I still have your picture!’ The 13 father-in-law
boy had little else. ‘They lost all they had,’ 15 brother-in-law
says Nick, who bought Shambani’s widow
clothes and tools. ‘But Fidele had held onto 6
that photo. He kept asking, “How is your 1 niece (and sister-in-law)
family? How is Ian?”.’ 2 colleagues
3 flatmates
Who’s the guy in the middle? (pages 52-53) 4 ex-wife
5 neighbours
1 6 father-in-law
The blond girl on the right is Anna, Maya’s 7 granddad
friend from Poland. 8 little sister
The guy in the middle is Maya’s brother.
The girl with the dark hair on the left is a 8
friend from Maya’s Spanish class. 1 a present perfect
b present simple
2 c present continuous
1 How long d past simple
2 Who 2
3 How auxiliary pronoun
4 Is a have you
5 What b does he
6 Why c Is she
7 How old d did he
8 Do
3 1 does, Has
1 Not long. Ten minutes. 2 Do, do, Did
2 My friend Anna from Poland. 3 do, are
3 (I met her) on an exchange trip. 4 are, Have
4 No, she’s studying here.
5 He’s a nurse. 9
6 His wife’s from there. 1 Where do you live?
7 24. 2 Do you know anyone in the class?
8 Yes, we’re quite close. 3 How long have you known them?
4 Why are you studying English?
5 Have you studied in this school before? Her daughter (Sophie) negotiates prices,
6 Are you enjoying the class? might take over the business.
7 Did you have a nice weekend? Her son (Jerome) loves fashion and design.
8 What did you do? 4 Sophie
10 3
1 Where do you live? 1 when I was
2 Do you know anyone in this class? 2 when I decided
3 How long have you known them? 3 grew and grew
4 Why are you studying English? 4 take over the
5 Have you studied in this school before? 5 She and I
6 Are you enjoying the class? 6 head for figures
7 Did you have a nice weekend? 7 the business skills
8 What did you do?
4
Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference Sophie
1 (correct) Agrees: She sounds like a strong character,
2 Which battery do lasts longer? which is in line with what her mother says,
3 Who did gave you this? but she doesn’t actually agree with
4 (correct) anything her mother said.
5 (correct) Disagrees: She doesn’t want to take over
6 What did happened to you? You’re really the business and wants to become a
late. scientist instead.
7 (correct) Jerome
8 Who do wants coffee? Put your hand up. Agrees: He likes the fashion and design
9 (correct) aspect of the business. His comments
about romance might suggest he lacks
Answers to Exercise 3, Grammar reference business skills (as his mother says), but not
1 How old is your gran? necessarily.
2 What kinds of things do you do at the Disagrees: He would like to run the
weekend? company.
3 What film did you see last Friday?
4 How long have you lived here? 6
5 What questions did / do they ask in the 1 all – three; both – two; none – three;
exam? neither – two
6 What time are you leaving tomorrow 2 none / neither
morning? 3 when the word comes first in the clause
7 How far do you travel to get to work? and is followed by a pronoun
8 How many students are there in your 4 whereas
class?
12 1 all
1 in 2 both
2 with, from 3 Neither
3 next 4 both
4 sitting, front 5 of
5 with (or holding), from / at 6 us
7 all
A family business (pages 54-55) 8 them

1 wedding planning 1 either 5 either
2 very successful (it grew and grew) 2 Neither, any 6 any
3 Her husband is the finance director, 3 None 7 Neither, any
negotiates prices. 4 any 8 either
Her little boy welcomes the guests.
10
1c 3a 5b 7e 9g 1 update
2f 4d 6h 8i 2 comment
3 quotes
My social network (pages 56-57) 4 post
5 stream
1 Possible answers 6 email
1 She shouldn’t have posted inappropriate
photos of her friend online. 8 Possible answers
2 Maybe she did it for a joke, or perhaps she download, insert, tweet, review, file
was angry with her friend, or perhaps she
just didn’t realise how serious it would Video 3: Womad
become.
3-5 Students’ own answers 2
1 People from around the world
2 2 World of Music, Arts and Dance
1 meeting new people and making friends 3 Peter Gabriel
2 the inappropriate photos 4 He was inspired by all the different music
3 thousands more people (online) from all round the world.
4 the teenage girl’s
5 the situation in which the inappropriate 4
photos were sent and the parents 1 T
complained 2 F (It's their first performance.)
6 the head teacher 3 F (His father taught him.)
7 the online friends 4 T (two traditional Italian dances – the
8 the teenage girl who posted the photos tarantella and the tammurriata)
5 F (People here often sing in the street.)
4 6 T (It’s about giving his lover – referred to as
1 tag ‘beautiful eyes’ – a secret note.)
2 permission
3 make 5
4 unfriend 1 combination
5 vague 2 performance
6 block 3 inspiration
4 neighbourhood
6 5 personal
The following can’t be used as both verb 6 celebration
and noun: 7 traditional
accept (verb), acceptance (noun)
ignore (verb), ignorance (noun) Review 3 (page 59)
We can say to quote (verb) and a quote
(noun, meaning the words somebody 1
says), although students may also suggest 1 is 7 both
a quotation (= the price that a workman 2 the 8 not
thinks a job will cost). 3 coming 9 are
4 going 10 Have
7 5 might 11 do
1 posted 6 them 12 thinking
2 comment 2
3 update 1 Why did you move here? How long have
4 email you known each other?
5 quote 2 How old is your gran? When are they
5 stream thinking of leaving?
3 Who are you going with? What happened
last night?
4 What team do you support? What is the
quickest way to get there?
3
1 Have you ever done
2 are thinking of going
3 Neither of us
4 The funniest thing
5 all hate football
6 is the fastest swimmer
6
1g2e3b4c5h6a7d8f
7
sport: bet, draw, opponent, pitch, race,
(retired), track friends and family: age gap,
classmate, forgetful, niece, retired, soft
8
1 growth 6 organised
2 difference 7 practical
3 heat 8 publishing
4 security 9 sales
5 supporters 10 additional
9
1 club 7 loser
2 get on 8 calm
3 supports 9 know
4 whereas 10 open
5 beats 11 networking
6 admit 12 determined
Unit 7 8 modern (the others are connected to
history)
Opener (page 61) 9 lovely (the others are to do with crimes)
10 financial (the others are connected to
1 Possible answers rivers, including (river) bank)
The picture shows a simple building in a
rural location. It looks like it could be in A big move (pages 64-65)
Africa – it is a hot, dry country with very
red soil. It could be someone’s home but it 1 Possible answers
looks more like a functional building – 1 It could be fun living with lots of young
perhaps a local community centre or people, but you might have to live with
administrative centre. people who are noisy, dirty, untidy,
inconsiderate, etc.
Whereabouts exactly? (pages 62-63) 2 You might have good views and be near a
city centre, but it might be noisy, small,
2 you'd have to use a communal lift.
Conversation 1 3 You would live and work with the same
1 Treviso, in the north-east of Italy, about people all day, you might not have much
40km from Venice space or privacy, but a sense of
2 It’s small, it has an old city centre with camaraderie.
beautiful buildings, but is mainly 4 Likely to vary: the best homes have
modern. It has a river and a park. friendly, caring staff, a bright clean
Conversation 2 environment and good food. It might be
1 Harlingen, in south Texas (by the depressing seeing very old people who
Mexican border) 2 It’s quiet, the are ill or can’t look after themselves.
climate is nice, it’s by the sea and there 5 It can be fun living with friends, having
are beaches. people to talk to and go out with. There
Conversation 3 are often problems sharing the cleaning
1 Muscat, in the north of Oman (on the and dealing with money.
Indian Ocean) 6 You would have privacy and would be free
2 It’s quite big, beautiful, and spreads to keep it how you like it. It would be quiet,
along the coast with mountains behind. you might feel lonely, it might be cramped.
It’s exciting and there are lots of
nationalities there. 2
a2 b3 c1 d6 e4 f5
4 a3 c2 e1 g2 i2
b1 d3 f3 h1 4
Dong Mei
6 Answers 1 Wales
1b 3c 5g 7h 2 halls of residence
2e 4f 6d 8a 3 to do a masters
4 good: shared kitchen is a good place to
9 make friends; she’s more confident, has
1 buildings (the others are to do with more freedom bad: has to share a
weather / climate) bathroom, misses family
2 a forest (the others are to do with industry) Kenta
3 dirty (the others are to do with plants / 1 Togliatti, Russia
trees, etc.) 2 an apartment
4 churches (the others are to do with 3 had to move for work in his company
transport and its effects) 4 good: good opportunity to find out about
5 village (the others are more likely to other cultures; getting good experience for
describe a city) his career bad: misses family; feels lonely;
6 squares (found in a city; the others (maybe also cold weather / bad food)
describe countryside / rural areas) Yohannes
7 desert (the others are connected to the 1 Eritrea
sea) 2 army base
3 he had to do it for military service 7 The clients called earlier and said they
4 good: doesn’t have to fight; he’s helping aren’t able to make the meeting today.
his country develop (doing construction) 8 He has to work overseas, but he is able to
bad: he has less money to send to his visit four times a year.
parents; he may have to be there a long
time (over 18 months) Answers to Exercise 3, Grammar reference
Elsie 1 We have to tell our landlord …
1 south coast of England 2 My sister can stay with my uncle …
2 old people’s home 3 My friend Juan has to find a new place to
3 her husband died, she didn’t want to stay live.
in her house, too many memories 4 You don’t have to do it if you don't want
4 good: own room; staff are wonderful, they to.
look after her; she has freedom; they do 5 If you want, I can to drive you home.
nice trips bad: none mentioned! 6 but I can’t afford it.
5 Let me show you round (pages 66-67)

1 Yohannes 5 Dong Mei
2 Elsie 6 Kenta 1 Possible answers
3 Kenta 7 Yohannes The following would be normal in the UK:
4 Elsie 8 Dong Mei Many British people are still unsure what to
Do about kissing, and would be more likely
7 just to shake hands.
1 have to (or has to) You would probably be introduced to
2 don’t have to (or doesn’t have to) everyone in the house.
3 can Hosts would ask about the journey and offer
4 can’t something to drink (but not necessarily
something to eat).
Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference You might be expected to take your shoes off
1 have to In some houses.
2 Do you have to If you had had a long journey, you might be
3 don’t have to Offered a shower.
4 can’t If you were staying for a while, you might be
5 has to Shown all the rooms, or just the rooms you
6 can would be using. A small gift (flowers or
7 Can you chocolates, for example) would be
8 don’t have to / can appreciated but not necessarily expected.
8 2
1 can 4 doesn’t have to They talk about the journey, Maksim takes his
2 have to 5 have to shoes off, he has something to drink (water),
3 can 6 can’t he gives presents.

1 I’m afraid we aren’t able to help you with 1a 2c 3f 4e 5d 6b
that.
2 It’s not a palace or anything, but at least 6
I’m able to pay the rent! kitchen: help yourself to food, there’s a
3 We have five bedrooms, so we are able to washing machine (Isabel will do the washing)
invite friends to stay, which is nice. living room: he can watch TV but her son
4 I think there’s some kind of problem watches a lot / plays videos
because I’m not able to enter the site. Oliver’s study: very messy
5 She isn’t able to sleep at the moment toilet: need to press quickly for water (to
because she has very bad pain in her leg. flush) bathroom: new shower, only one
6 You’re lucky you are able to stay with bathroom, can use it whenever it’s free
friends. It saves you a lot of money! (there’s a lock)
Isabel and Oliver’s room: no comment
Theo’s room: messy (he’s sixteen)
Maksim’s room: has drawers and a wardrobe
he can use, can get a blanket if necessary
7
1 garden or kitchen, talking about the dog
2 kitchen, talking about washing clothes
3 living room, talking about Theo / TV
4 Oliver’s study, talking about the room
5 bathroom, talking about having a shower
6 outside Theo’s room, talking about Theo
7 (Maksim’s) bedroom, talking about
blankets
8
a 2, 5 b 3, 6, 7 c4 d1

1 ’ll 5 ’ll
2 won’t 6 ’ll, won’t
3 ’ll 7 will, ’ll
4 ’ll, won’t, ’ll 8 ’ll, won’t, ’ll
9 Possible answers
1 I’ll carry them, if you like.
2 I’ll get you something if you like.
3 Sure, I’ll give you a key.
4 Yes, I’ll give it back to you tomorrow!
5 It’s just down here, I’ll show you.
6 I will.
7 It won’t be very cold, so probably just
some jeans and shirts.
8 Yes, I’ll have the fish, please.

1 is coming
2 won’t hurt
3 I’m just going to go
4 is getting
5 I’ll help
6 I’m going, I’ll post
11
1 take off 6 lend
2 borrow 7 lock
3 clear 8 show
4 leave 9 use
5 hang 10 Help
Unit 8 3 Pure Maths (Astrophysics Master’s)
4 hopes to do a Master’s
Opener (page 69) Conversation 3
1 No
1 Possible answers 2 enjoyed it up to a point, but too
Work with your students’ answers. The theoretical
picture shows a young teacher helping two 3 (international) law
elderly ladies in a computer laboratory. 4 no plans mentioned
The two ladies could be learning how to
work with computer programmes, or they 5
could be communicating online. They 1 How’s 6 are you in
might even be learning a foreign language 2 are your 7 applied anywhere
(they have headphones and microphones). 3 have you got 8 to university
4 when you finish 9 did you study
Get the grades (pages 70-71) 5 are you doing 10 you enjoy it
1 6
1 nursery Conversation 1
2 primary school 1 It’s OK, I suppose. Some bits are good.
3 second year 2 Spanish and art. And history’s OK as
4 left school well.
5 a year off 3 If it all goes well, I’ll have two more
6 university years.
7 my finals 4 If I can save enough money between
8 graduated now and then, I’ll try and take a year
9 do a Master’s off.
Conversation 2
2 5 Pure Maths.
1 design 6 My third, unfortunately.
2 interested, history, graduate, nursery, 7 Not yet. But I probably will in the next
primary, secondary few weeks.
3 economics Conversation 3
4 geography 8 Yes. The Paul Cézanne University in
5 university Marseille.
9 International Law.
3 Possible answers 10 Up to a point … it was quite theoretical.
1 three It wasn’t very practical
2 any age over 16
3 twelve or thirteen 9
4 any age over 16 1T
5 18 2 F (uses present tense)
6 18 to 21 3T
7 about 21 4F
8 any age above 21
9 about 21 Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
1d 3e 5c 7a
4 2b 4f 6h 8g
Conversation 1
1 Yes
2 OK / quite enjoys some of it 10
3 Spanish, art, history (Business at 1 need, ’ll work
university) 2 pass, ‘ll buy
4 plans to take a year off 3 don’t get, ‘ll retake
Conversation 2 4 don’t get, won’t get into
1 Yes 5 won’t consider, miss
2 really enjoying it
6 will you do, happens, ’ll probably just for another year, or you leave school
start without qualifications. The opposite
of fail is pass.
11 Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference 9 books, computers, interactive
1 If I go to England, my English will get whiteboards, any other supplies and
better. equipment (e.g. for art, science, sport,
2 You won’t do well at the interview etc.)
tomorrow if you don’t look smart 10 A top university (e.g. Oxford and
enough. Cambridge in the UK, Harvard and Yale
3 (correct) in the US) is one that requires either
4 If I find the website address, I will send very high qualifications (very good
it you later. grades) or require you to pass an
5 (correct) entrance exam and have an interview.
6 If I don’t go to university, my parents 11 They might copy a text, a table or a
will be really upset. graph.
12 It generally involves a more teacher-
A good system (pages 72-73) centred approach, with the teacher
writing on a blackboard, giving lectures
1 Possible answers and dictations; students might have to
Students are looking at their books while listen to the teacher, copy from the
the teacher reads out loud. They look as if board, learn things by heart, do a lot of
they are reading a story. written exercises, etc. Discipline is likely
Good: they are all concentrating on their to be more strict.
work, they are well behaved, they are
neatly dressed, the classroom looks tidy 3
and has lots of posters on the walls and c (When the interviewer asks, ‘which do
examples of students' work. you prefer?’ she says, ‘It’s difficult to
Bad: the students are not interacting very say.’ She mentions the heavy workload
much at the moment. in Spain, and some boring lessons, and
in England they did more projects and
2 arty things. But in Spain they have
1 A good grade is usually an A or a B, or 8 longer holidays and finish the school
out of 10, or 90%. day earlier, at two
2 People don’t normally pay fees (=
money to pay for your education) at a 4
state school because it is a government- 1 F (to begin with, my brother just stood
funded school. in the corner of the playground
3 A private school is a fee-paying school watching everyone play)
and not a state school. Parents might 2 T (There was another girl in the class
send their children because they think who spoke English so she translated a
they will get a better education, be in a lot at the beginning.)
smaller class, meet nicer friends, get 3 T (I did the last year of primary here,
better opportunities later in life, etc. although I’d already done it in England.)
4 bad behaviour: bullying other children, 4 F (we didn’t have to do much in primary
running in the corridors, talking in class, in England … but I often have two hours
not doing homework; good behaviour: [in Spain])
listening to the teacher, being quiet, 5 T (they have five years of secondary
answering questions school in England, but there are only
5 Yes, compulsory means you have to do four here.)
it; the opposite is optional. 6 T (in primary in England we had the
6 a degree (e.g. BA, BSc, MA) same teacher all day, but here we
7 Teachers or the school set tests, and changed teachers.)
students study for them. 7 T (We didn’t use textbooks much in
8 If you fail your exam, you might have to England and we did more projects and
retake it, or you can’t go to college or arty things.)
university, or you stay in the same class
8 F (they say school is boring too and they He cheated (pages 74-75)
get stressed with exams and stuff)
9 F (only in Spain: if your teacher fails you 1 Possible answers
in some subjects, you have to repeat Ways of cheating in tests: using mobiles
the whole year!) and going online, writing things on the
back of their hands, signalling answers to
5 friends, bringing in books or notes to the
resources, approach (more traditional in exam, finding out what is in the test before
Spain, students learn to listen), behaviour they do it
(very responsible, no violence or bullying), Ways of cheating in homework: copying
fees (in England fees for universities are from friends, from books, from websites;
high), textbooks (spends 400 euros a year), downloading essays or paying for someone
holidays (too long, impossible for working online to write an essay
people to organise time with their kids What happens: you might be punished,
during holidays) e.g. get sent home or kept at school
(detention), you might not be given a
8 grade, have to resit, or not be allowed in
1 couldn’t school (excluded)
2 Did … have to
3 didn’t have to 2
4 had to 1 T (has become very widespread)
5 could 2 F (part of a much bigger problem)
3 F (the majority of the students
Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference questioned said they sometimes
1 could cheated)
2 had to 4 T (contrary to expectations, it’s not only
3 didn’t have to, have to weaker students who cheat)
4 couldn’t, had to 5 T (buy essays from online firms that
5 don’t have to write to order)
6 T (modern technology is constantly
9 coming up with clever ways of breaking
1 couldn’t, Did we have to the rules)
2 can’t, have to
3 had to 4
4 don’t have to 1e 2c 3a 4d 5b
5 had to, could
6 had to, couldn’t 5
7 didn’t have to, have to 1 push 5 tempted
2 motivation 6 step
11 Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference 3 patience 7 challenge
1 We couldn’t come yesterday because of 4 effort 8 profit
the bad weather.
2 (correct) 7
3 We didn’t have to study English when I 1 claimed, check
was at school. 2 got stuck, complete
4 I’m sorry I wasn’t able to come to class 3 ordered, pretended
last week. I had a lot of work. 4 declare, earned
5 When I was at school, we always had to 5 taking, improve
stand up when the teacher came into 6 lied, resign
the classroom.
6 (correct) 8
7 He had to retake the test twice before 1 job interviews / CVs
he passed. 2 video / online games
8 The question was so difficult, I couldn’t 3 cooking
to answer it. 4 tax and personal finances
9 (correct) 5 sport
6 politics 4 can’t
5 not to
9 Possible answers
Cooking: buying ready-made meals from Review (page 77)
supermarkets and pretending you cooked
them; using ready-made sauces 1
Game shows: famous examples include 1 OK 7 can
having an audience member signalling 2 course 8 mind
answers or having an ear-piece that allows 3 ’ll 9 can
a friend to tell you answers remotely 4 had 10 rather
Job interviews and CVs: lying about 5 could 11 have
qualifications, using fake references; 6 if 12 can
getting a friend to give you a reference; 2
bribing the interviewer 1 have to
Politics: lying, bribery, corruption 2 can’t
Relationships: telling lies about where you 3 didn’t have to
have been; dating other people 4 can’t
Sport: taking drugs; deliberately losing 5 closes
games; gambling on games 6 Of course not
Tax and personal finances: not giving full 7 I’ll make
information on tax forms; getting paid in 8 don’t, will
cash; claiming money you haven't spent 6
Video games: using ‘cheats’ to go to 1d2a3f4b5c6h7e8g
different levels 7
education: an approach, compulsory,
Video 4: Fainting Goats (page 76) graduate, a textbook
places: an army base, a car plant, a desert,
2 a square
1 in Texas cheating: claim, lie, pretend, resign
2 They are missing good meat. People 8
where they are eat a lot of salad and 1 computing 6 performance
food like hot dogs, and in Kenya they 2 optional 7 historical
are used to eating a lot of goat meat. 3 behaviour 8 dangerous
3 They go to a goat farm to find out about 4 traditional 9 industrial
getting some goat meat. 5 qualifications 10 financial
9
4 1 tiny 7 state
1 The goats play dead. 2 fields 8 fees
2 The goats’ muscles get really tight. 3 farm 9 treat
3 The muscles expand out. 4 primary 10 culture
4 The goats carry a gene called myotonia, 5 secondary 11 coast
which makes them behave in this way. 6 residence 12 ocean
5 When the goats get scared, their
muscles tighten up.
6 Then the goats fall over.
7 In Kenya, hyenas would eat the goats if
they had myotonia.
8 The men imagine what would happen if
they had myotonia from eating goat,
and what would happen when they
wanted to cross the road.
5
1 months
2 of their genes
3 joke about taking
Unit 9 6
Conversation 1
Opener (page 79) 1 flu
2 weak and tired, muscles ache
1 Possible answers 3 go home and rest
The photo shows a group of people at a 4 yes
health spa in the Black Forest, Germany, in Conversation 2
winter. They are getting light therapy to 1 hay fever
help them overcome depression caused by 2 eyes sore, sneezing
lack of sunlight. In northern countries (in 3 get some sunglasses
particular Scandinavia), where days are 4 probably not (unless it’s very bad)
very short during the winter, a lot of
people are affected by a lack of sunlight 7
1 you poor thing
Under the weather (pages 80-81) 2 weak and tired
3 stay and spread
2 4 get well soon
a asthma (an inhaler helps you breathe) 5 time of year
b an allergy (cats often cause allergies) – 6 makes them worse
or possibly asthma (a cat allergy can 7 a bad idea
result in asthma) 8 work for you
c hay fever (flowers / pollen cause hay
fever) – or possibly allergy 8
d a temperature (a thermometer 1 should
measures temperature) 2 Why don’t you
e headache (aspirin helps with the pain) 3 ought to
f sore throat (honey and lemon helps
with the pain) Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
g upset stomach (oysters can cause the 1 Why don’t you go on a diet?
problem) 2 You should put some cream on that rash.
h the flu (sleeping helps you get better) 3 What do you think we ought to do?
i a nose bleed (tissues help you clean the 4 Why don’t you phone and make an
blood) – students might also match this appointment?
to hay fever or the flu 5 Anyone taking drugs to improve their
performance ought to be banned.
3 Possible answers 6 Maybe you should / ought to drink less
Asthma and allergies can be very serious, coffee.
although they are usually manageable or
treatable. Flu is more serious than the 9
other problems that are quite minor. Hay 1 should
fever can be very unpleasant and last a 2 ought
long time, but is not dangerous. Some of 3 should, Why
the problems are minor, but could be 4 should
symptoms of something more serious (e.g. 5 don’t
a temperature, an upset stomach). 6 should, should
7 to
4 8 ought, should, you
1 hay fever
2 an upset stomach 10 Possible answers
3 an allergy 1 You should join a gym / do exercise / go
4 asthma jogging.
5 a headache 2 You should see a doctor / count sheep /
6 the flu take a sleeping pill / relax.
7 a sore throat 3 You should see a psychiatrist / talk
8 a nosebleed about it with friends.
9 a temperature
4 You should see a doctor / have therapy damaged and she recovered more
/ put your foot up / put a bandage on it. quickly.)
5 You should talk to your teacher / do 7 Yes (People give up because they think
more revision. they are too old.)
6 You should get a part-time job. 8 No (not stated in the article, though
possibly true!)
1 shouldn’t eat 4
2 should watch 1 difference
3 should go, shouldn’t, ignore 2 treat
4 should do 3 scientist
5 shouldn’t miss 4 experience
5 emotional
11 6 operation
1 b, f 7 recover
2 c, e 8 injury
3 a, d
6
The power of the mind (pages 82-83) 1 matter 6 matter
2 matter 7 mind, mind
2 Possible answers 3 mind 8 mind
emotional reactions: we can train 4 matter 9 matter
ourselves to react calmly rather than 5 mind
emotionally to pain exercise in old age: if
we decide that we want to exercise or do 8
sport, we can continue to do it well into 1 to make matters worse, never mind
old age 2 I’ve got a lot on my mind
hypnotherapy: it can save you from using 3 I don’t mind
drugs in operations and help you to 4 that’s a matter of opinion
recover quickly meditation: can have a 5 What’s the matter, Would you mind? /
positive effect, e.g. stops monks getting You don’t mind?
cold
nocebos: they cause illness because you Don’t worry. You’ll be fine (pages 84-85)
think they will
placebos: you get better because you 1
believe the pills will make you better 1 face 7 chest 13 eye
2 finger 8 stomach 14 mouth
3 3 hand 9 foot 15 lip
1 No (The placebo effect can sometimes 4 shoulder 10 knee 16 ear
help, but that doesn’t mean drugs are 5 back 11 leg
never needed.) 6 arm 12 hair
2 Yes (Sometimes doctors can measure
physical changes after patients take a 2
placebo, e.g. their blood pressure may 1 back
fall.) 2 feet
3 No (only some are) 3 lip
4 Yes (The monk concentrated and 4 hair
increased his body temperature to 5 face
40°C.) 6 stomach
5 No (People can be trained to deal with
pain.) 4
6 Yes (Alama Kante was hypnotised 1d 2e 3b
before her operation, so she did not
need any drugs and she could sing
during the operation: her voice was not
5 6 You shouldn’t call him now. It’s too late
1 hiccups
2 She put her fingers in her ears, then
bent down and put her head between
her knees and swallowed some water
slowly.
3 indigestion
4 She is told to take indigestion pills: mix
them with water and drink them after
your meals, but don’t take more than
four pills a day, and if they don’t deal
with the problem, consult your doctor.
5 a cut and a burn
6 He cut his head dancing with his son,
and got a burn when his wife came in
and knocked a cup of coffee off the
table and it went all over his leg.
7
1T 2F 3T 4F

1 Don’t panic. Stay calm.
2 Don’t whisper. Speak up. We can’t hear
you.
3 Be careful. Don’t slip.
4 Don’t just sit there. Do something.
5 Take your time. Don’t rush.
6 Be quiet. Don’t make so much noise.
7 Get up. Don’t be so lazy.
8 Don’t wait for me. Go ahead. I’ll catch you
up.
8
1 Don’t take
2 Eat
3 Put
4 Don’t stop
5 Don’t try
6 Wash
7 Don’t put
8 Let
9
1f 3b 5g 7a
2e 4d 6h 8c

1 Could you pour me some water, please?
2 You should try talking to someone
about it.
3 Could you bring me the bill?
4 Could you help me carry these bags to
the car?
5 You shouldn’t drive if you’re taking that
medication.
Unit 10 5 for early booking, if you’re over-65 /
retired, if you had problems (e.g. noise,
Opener (page 87) problems with heating etc.), if the room
you had booked wasn’t available, if you
Booking a room (pages 88-89) booked with a big group, if you are a
regular visitor
1 6 taking the tent down
1 low season 7 In Europe, the high season is in the
2 including breakfast summer, during school holidays (July
3 reduced rate and August), at Christmas or at Easter.
4 babysitting service For skiing, the high season is likely to be
5 put up the tent February, near school holiday time and
6 provided meals when there is most likely to be snow.
7 real fire
8 share a room 5
9 heated pool Triple rooms? No, only doubles (but should
10 shower block be possible to put an extra bed in a double
11 basic furniture room) How much? 110 euros a night for
12 free wi-fi the room (including child’s bed) With
breakfast? 125 euros with breakfast Dates:
2 fully booked on the weekend of the 16th–
1 an apartment (you don’t usually rent 17th, but 10th–15th is possible Car hire:
the other places for a week) yes, they have a partnership with a local
2 a hotel (the only one that costs £50 a firm (prices start from 25 euros a day)
night and provides breakfast) Parking: yes (but 20 euros a day; also
3 a campsite (the provision of electricity street parking available nearby) Deposit?
is the clue here) Need to pay 10% deposit when booking
4 a hotel (none of the others usually (on a credit card)
provide babysitting)
5 a campsite (the only place you would 8 Possible answers
put a tent up) 1 I’m afraid not. There’s a small charge
6 a hostel (guests sometimes share the for internet use in the hotel. But we are
kitchen and prepare their own meals) looking at getting free wi-fi early next
7 an apartment (they have a living room) year.
8 a hostel (because sometimes you have 2 I’m afraid so. The cancellation fee is 50
to share rooms in hostels) euros. It’d be 10% of the original
9 apartment (apartments are in a block booking.
and often have a shared pool) 3 I’m afraid not. But it won’t be very cold
10 a campsite (the only place to have toilet at that time of year. / But a swim there
and shower blocks) will certainly wake you up!
11 an apartment (basic furniture, and it 4 I’m afraid not. We had a terrible
has a kitchen) accident a few years ago, you see. /
12 a hotel (rooms and reception area) Health and safety regulations, you see!
5 I’m afraid so. Maybe you should contact
3 Possible answers your bank. / Do you have any other
1 a room, a bathroom, a dining area, a cards you could use?
kitchen, a living room, a laundry room 6 I’m afraid not. But we do have tickets
2 a single room, an en-suite room (with available for tomorrow. / But if you
bathroom), a family suite / room come back just before the show starts,
3 room service, laundry, pick-up from the there may be some returns. You never
airport or station, wake-up calls, valet know.
parking, conference rooms, Internet 7 I’m afraid so. It would be a good time to
access, etc. visit some of our museums. / But we do
4 breakfast, meals, drinks, a packed have plenty of indoor activities.
lunch, car parking, flights, pick-up from
the airport, tax, trips
8 I’m afraid not. I’m terribly sorry. Not thinks they can organise something.
without the permission of the manager,
and she’s not here at the moment. 7
1d 2g 3b 4h 5c 6a 7e 8f
9 Possible answers
I’m afraid the restaurant is fully booked 8 Possible answers
this evening. selfish: She’s only interested in what she
I’m afraid there’s a ten-pound charge for wants and needs; doesn’t seem at all
that. concerned with the thoughts or feelings of
I’m afraid that’s not possible. others. demanding: She makes lots of
I’m afraid we don’t have any record of your demands and gets angry if the demands
booking. can’t be met.
I’m afraid we’re fully booked that If students try to argue in favour of the
weekend. other three, ask them to explain why and
see if you agree with their justifications,
10 e.g. she could be seen as lazy because she
Name on the card: Mr D E Gwaizda gets people to do everything for her,
(check spelling with rather than doing it herself. Then again, do
class) lazy people get up at 4 a.m. to go to the
Card number: 1003 6566 9242 8307 gym?
Security number: 718
Expiry date: 06-17 10
Contact number: 0044 796 883 412 1 No, she isn’t ill and she isn’t likely to eat
a chocolate with nuts, because it would
11 make her ill (she’s allergic to them).
/ɪ/ b, c, d, e, g, p, t, v /eɪ/ a,h,j,k 2 Yes, he does want to move the people,
/e/ f, l, m, n, s, x, z /aɪ/ I,y but he can’t move them.
/əʊ/ o /uː/ q,u,w
/ɑː/ r Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
1 1c 2e 3a 4f 5d 6b
We’ll deal with it right away (pages 90-91) 2 1 The company has problems because the
staff don’t speak good English.
2 2 I don’t like camping here because the
1e 3d 5a 7g 9c weather isn’t very good.
2h 4f 6j 8b 10 i 3 It’s a nice hotel but the rooms aren’t
very child-friendly.
6 4 They don’t have a branch in Brighton.
1 kittens: Lady Zaza wants a white kitten. 5 I don’t have a lot of money so I don’t
The receptionist doesn’t think she can stay in expensive hotels.
find one. 6 It didn’t happen to me, it happened to
2 chocolates: She wants her favourite someone else.
chocolates, and the hotel have to
remove the ones with nuts. The 11
receptionist agrees. 1 would be, had to
3 a bunch of roses: Lady Zaza wants 100 2 would never do, had
bunches of red flowers and 80 bunches 3 wouldn’t stay, paid
of white flowers sent to the room. The 4 would post, were / was
receptionist says someone will bring 5 would you recommend, had to, would
them up in a minute. probably go
4 light bulb: Lady Zaza wants the light 6 could
bulbs changed. She says it’s too dark.
The receptionist agrees. 12 Possible answers
5 the gym: Lady Zaza wants to get a 1 If I had more money, I’d buy a new car /
wake-up call at 4 a.m. and to use the I’d go for a long holiday somewhere hot
gym. The receptionist says the gym and sunny.
doesn’t usually open till 6 a.m., but she
2 I wouldn’t eat oysters even if you paid 8 Sandy spent a fortnight with each set of
me! grandparents.
3 If I had to choose between Stockholm 9 Mark – he hasn’t been back to
and Copenhagen, I’d go to Copenhagen. Eastbourne for more than two decades.
4 If I could only have one holiday a year, He has to go there for work, to meet
I’d spend it in the mountains. new clients.
5 If I wasn’t so unfit, I’d take up running.
1 Take his word for it and apologise for 1 e (Zinaida used to mess around by the
the mistake. river when she went to stay with her
2 Call reception to complain. / Put ear grandparents.)
plugs in. 2 a (Julia remembers sitting on the fence as
3 Check the tent is put up properly. / the sun went down, watching the cows
Tighten the tent pegs. / Pack up some coming home.)
essentials and go and find a hotel. 3 d (Christina’s family used to rent a
4 Point out politely that they are cottage in the Smoky Mountains.)
supposed to wash up their things. / 4 g (The bear that appeared in the
Ignore them but feel angry! mountains was climbing a tree when
5 Go outside and sit in the shade. Christina saw it.)
6 Hand it in to reception in case they 5 c (Christina and her family used to have
come back for it. / Keep it, it must be a breakfast on the terrace.)
very generous tip because you did such 6 h (Julia never used to get bored, even
a good job of cleaning! though she was out in the countryside.)
7 f (Julia’s dog scared the chickens, so the
Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference neighbours took it away!) 8 b (Sandy,
1 was her brother and her grandparents used
2 I’d, wasn’t to go for long walks.)
3 were, wouldn’t, I’d
4 It’d, was 5
5 would be, wasn’t 1 b and f
6 were, could 2 a and e
3c
Best holiday ever! (pages 92-93) 4d

1 Because this week he’s going to visit the 1 used to
place he used to spend his childhood 2 used to
holidays. 3 never used to
2 She had no access to TV or technology, 4 usually
and the summer camp was really strict, 5 never used to, used to
whereas nowadays summer camps are
much more creative and child-friendly. 6
3 Zinaida (messing around by the river), 1 I never used to like camping, but I love
Biggi (an apartment on the beach), it now.
Mark (south coast of England) 2 I used to do judo when I was younger,
4 Christina Rebuffet-Broadus – the black but then I stopped.
bear climbing onto the terrace where 3 (a present habit and a single past event,
they had breakfast. Big bears can kill! can’t use used to)
5 Sandy Millin remembers making 4 He’s quite fit and healthy now, but he
homemade pizzas with one grandma used to smoke quite heavily when he
and cornflake cakes with the other. She was younger.
says really fond memories. 5 I used to have really long hair when I
6 Christina sometimes stayed in was at college, but I had it cut short a
Disneyworld in Florida. few years ago.
7 Julia – her dog was taken away.
6 It’s become very popular. It never used / If it happened to you, what would you
to be crowded before. do?
4 What do you think I ought to do about it?
Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference 5 Who do you think I should ask about it?
1 Last week, I had to study for my exams. 6 Could you give me the password for the
2 Before I started working here, I used to Wifi please? (or ‘Please could you …’)
work as a researcher for a drug 7 If you could go anywhere in the world,
company. where would you go? / Where would you
3 (correct) go if you could go anywhere in the world?
4 I never used to (OR didn’t used to) have 8 When you went to the islands, where did
lunch at school. I always had lunch at you use to stay? / Where did you use to
home. stay when you went to the islands?
5 (correct) 4
6 Most Sundays, me and my kids use to 1 usually
watch a DVD at home together. 2 went
7 When I was a kid, we used to go to the 3 Don’t
mountains during the summer. 4 would
8 (correct) 5 wouldn’t, were
6 wouldn’t, didn’t have to
Video 5: The Future of A Village (page 94) 7 weren’t
8 didn’t use to
2 6
Essaouira: in Morocco; a fishing town; 1c 2d 3h 4g 5a 6e 7f 8b
historic town centre on UNESCO’s world 7
heritage list Its economy: traditionally illnesses and health problems: ache,
dependent on fishing, but tourism aspirin, get a rash, an inhaler, sneeze, a
increasingly important How it’s changing: temperature
fishing is not such a good jobanymore – places to stay: the heating, the low season,
fewer fish and more competition from a reduced rate, serve breakfast, the
big boats; tourism more important shower block, a wake-up call
8
3 1 of 5 down
1 fish 2 up 6 from
2 to the south 3 on 7 of
3 compete 4 on 8 to
4 tourism 9
5 1960s 1 whole 7 headache
6 UNESCO 2 lasted 8 voice
7 300% increase 3 tent 9 mind
8 pollution 4 basic 10 provides
9 big fishing boats 5 matters 11 wi-fi
10 the historic town centre 6 throat 12 babysitting
Review 5 (page 95) and answers to Exercise 5

1 Where would you go if you could go
1 anywhere in the world?
1 If 5 would 2 I never used to enjoy camping, but I’ve
2 don’t 6 not grown to really love it.
3 used 7 ought 3 Don’t have any more of that coffee if you
4 then 8 Go want to sleep tonight!
2 4 I don’t think you should worry too much
1 Where did you use to do that? about it.
2 Why don’t you go and see a doctor about 5 I used to get terrible nosebleeds, and then
it? one day they just stopped!
3 What would you do if it happened to you 6 I’d never go to work again if I didn’t really
have to.
Unit 11 8 comment / opinion
Possible responses
Opener (Page 97) 1 Really? That’s good news. We can play
ball there.
1 Possible answers 2 Yeah! I know. It’s a real shame.
freezing, snow, a storm, windy 3 Yeah, that’s a good idea. I’ll bring
something to eat.
Did you see the news? (pages 98-99) 4 Absolutely! I’m really pleased.
5 Definitely! It’s a disgrace. They should
1 ban it.
1 hit 6 launch 6 Really? How amazing.
2 conduct 7 fund 7 Really? I’ll bring my sleeping bag.
3 build 8 ban 8 Absolutely!
4 become 9 spread
5 find 10 investigate
Animal magic (pages 100-101)
2 Possible answers
Work with students’ ideas. 1 and 4 are 1
clearly negative, and 5, 7 and 9 are clearly From left to right, top to bottom:
positive, but students may have varying shark lion fly
views about 2, 3, 6, 8 and 10 parrot sheep rat
3 2
1 buildings are destroyed, people are hurt or Wild animals: rabbit, shark, lion, pigeon,
killed, people evacuate the area, phone rat
lines are cut Farm animals: cow, sheep, (possibly dog)
2 medicine, social trends, weapons, Insect: fly
renewable energy, climate change Pets: parrot, rabbit, dog, rat
3 tigers, northern white rhinos
4 cancer, Parkinson’s disease 3
5 an investigation, an enquiry, a career, a Wild animals: bear, tiger, rhino, elephant,
product etc.
6 driving in city centres, drugs, alcohol Farm animals: pig, chicken, horse, etc.
7 rats, badgers Insect: bee, butterfly, beetle, etc.
Pet: cat, goldfish, gerbil, hamster,
4 budgerigar
1 Conversation 4 (could save millions of
lives) 5
2 Conversation 3 (pulling down horrible 1 Wedding goes with a ‘woof’
houses in Morovia) 2 Dinner not well done
3 Conversation 1 (bees becoming extinct 3 Tips for birds
– no fruit or vegetables) 4 From zero to hero
4 Conversation 2 (forecast – hot and 5 Milk of human kindness
sunny) 6 Barking witness
Jail bird – no match
5
a3 b4 c2 d4 e1 f1 g3 h2 6
Wedding goes with a ‘woof’: we say
6 Possible answers something goes with a bang if it goes really
1 reporting news well; it is changed here to goes with a
2 comment / opinion woof, which is the sound a dog makes.
3 suggestion Dinner not well done: well done is used to
4 comment / opinion describe food that is cooked for a long
5 comment / opinion time, but we also say well done! to
6 reporting news somebody when they have done
7 reporting news something good, or difficult, or done a
good job. Here not well done means it was 10
not a good thing that they ate the shark. 1 b (pp because the rain happened the
Tips for birds: play on tips which can mean night before the time in 1)
advice as well as money waiters get for 2 g (pp because the wallet had been
good service dropped before he found it)
From zero to hero: from being somebody 3 e (pp because he hadn’t paid his bills in
with a negative reputation to somebody the time before)
with a really positive reputation 4 d (ps because the roadworks happened
Milk of human kindness: a quote from at the same time)
Shakespeare meaning to show care and 5 a (pp because they forgot the keys in
compassion for others; here, being kind to the time before)
cows literally results in more milk 6 c (pp because they hadn’t made a
Barking witness: barking is the noise a dog speech in the time before)
makes, but it also means crazy, from the 7 h (ps because both things happen at the
expression barking mad same time)
Jail bird: an expression used to describe a 7 f (pp because the dog hadn’t had a
person who has been in prison a lot walk in the day before)
The story about the parrot is not true.
However, a Japanese restaurant did train 11 Possible answers
some monkeys to do a similar job! 1 … I hadn’t eaten all day.
2 … he had been rude. /… her dog had
7 died. /… she had failed the exam.
big day = important day (here, wedding 3 … I hadn’t slept the night before. /… I’d
day) run all the way home.
a net = a thing used to catch fish which is 4 … I’d never had a job interview / given a
made from string or rope knotted together presentation before.
insist on = do something even if everyone 5 … been abroad. / … fallen in love. / …
asks you not to, or says it’s a bad idea been away from home.
a cage = a thing made of metal bars and
used to keep a bird or small animal inside 13
so that it can’t get out The pigeon had flown over 60 kilometres
train somebody to do something = teach to carry drugs to prisoners at the jail.
somebody to do something by repeated The dog had fallen into the sea and had
practice swum to the island, and had survived by
sense of smell = ability to smell through eating small animals. The couple hadn’t
your nose turned off the gas, the rabbit detected the
detect = find something using different smell and woke his owners.
senses
boost = improve or increase Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference
investigation = the process of finding out 1 After they had had one date, he asked her
what happened, e.g. after a crime to marry him.
main suspect = the person police think did 2 I rang you as soon as I had heard the news.
the crime 3 I had never been on a plane until I went to
Japan.
9 4 They had had an argument before I
1 before arrived, so there was a bad atmosphere. It
2 usually was quite uncomfortable.
3 simple 5 I was fed up after I found out I hadn’t got
the job
1 had seen Did you know … ?(pages 102-103)
2 had forgotten
3 had left 2
4 had been, hadn’t met 1c 2a 3b
5 hadn’t told, had eaten
6 had done, had cheated
4 6 Two men were arrested after a bomb
1 Yes and no: there are some genetic was found in their car.
factors, but other factors are due to the
environment. 8
2 Their feet are covered in hairs, which 1 conducted
are covered in other hairs. The electric 2 were taken away
charge on the hairs makes the spider 3 were replaced
stick to the ceiling. 4 was made
3 Graphene is a very thin layer of 5 spent
graphite, it’s the world’s thinnest 6 were put
material, but incredibly strong. 7 explored
8 weren’t touched
5 9 are not allowed
1 50% 10 is seen
2 a particular
3 be learned Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference
4 tiny 1 a fund b was funded
5 to 2 a catch b was caught
6 thick 3 a broke b was broken
7 peel 4 a Were you woken up b woke up
8 awarded 5 a are not allowed b allow
6 a gave b was given
6 Possible answers
Violent behaviour can be caused by Answers to Exercise 3, Grammar reference
pollution (e.g. lead in the atmosphere has 1 How did the accident happen?
been shown to have an effect on 2 (correct)
behaviour), war (because people are 3 A dog was suddenly appeared in front
exposed to extreme violence, sometimes of me.
at a young age), home life (if young 4 Fortunately, none of us was badly hurt.
children grow up in difficult environments 5 (correct)
without much parental support, or where 6 Those batteries didn’t last very long.
violence is normal) See also the Culture
notes above.
7
1 Passive verbs: was discovered, is
repeated, are left, could be replaced, is
called, was awarded Active verbs:
discovered, leaves, repeat, replace, call,
awarded
2 verb be + past participle form
3 In 1 and 3 we know because it is stated
after by (1 two Russian scientists, 3
Graphene). In the other sentences we
don’t know who does the action.

1 The test was repeated a number of
times.
2 I am sent junk emails all the time.
3 It is usually made with lamb, but beef
can be used.
4 Graphene could be used in mobile
phones.
5 Stricter limits on pollution were
introduced last year.
Unit 12 2 Tell him I’ve just got confirmation of the
price …
Opener (page 105) 3 Just tell him I’ve already / just received
the money …
1 1b 3f 5d 7i 9a 4 We’ve already left the house …
2e 4g 6h 8c 5 Could you tell her we haven’t sorted
out the problem yet …
3 6 I’ve just received the package, …
1 Brendan
2 seven Phone for help! (pages 108-109)
3 eight
4 Lincoln 2
5 Price 1 a 999
6 details b They are calling about things that
7 07729 651 118 aren’t emergencies. Children are
8 away on holiday calling accidentally.
c sending out leaflets and introducing
6 fines
1 out 2 a He fell off his bike and hit his head.
2 away b He needed to make a hole in the
3 in boy’s head. He didn’t have a
4 off medical drill.
5 up c He had never done the operation
6 from (at would also be possible, but is before so he phoned a colleague.
not in the box) 3 a He was in a pub in England.
b A spider bit him.
8 c It was poisonous and twelve
a 3 (yet: present perfect) centimetres long.
b 2 (already: present perfect) d Experts used it to identify the type of
c 1 (just: present perfect) spider and find an antidote.
d 4 (still: present simple – could also use
the present perfect with a negative 3
verb, or the present continuous with an 1 fine 5 species
active verb) 2 collapsed 6 transferred
3 reported 7 rushed
Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference 4 despite 8 swelling
1 Have you spoken to the bank yet?
2 I haven’t had time yet. I’ll do it tomorrow. 5
3 She has only just graduated. 1 unwise 9 uncomfortable
4 She is still trying to decide what to do with 2 legal 10 common
her life. 3 unfortunate 11 impatient
5 I’m afraid he isn’t back yet. 4 polite 12 convenient
6 Don’t worry! I’ve already sorted out 5 unhappy 13 impossible
everything. 6 unexpected 14 unnatural
7 She has just handed the work to me this 7 impractical 15 rational
second. 8 unfair 16 pleasant
8 He has already made $1 million and he’s
only 26! 6 Possible answers
1 They do something against the law (e.g.
9 steal something, kill someone).
1a 2b 3b 4a 5a 6a 2 They say please and thank you, hold
doors open for other people. If they are
10 Possible answers impolite, they say rude words, ignore
1 Could you tell him I haven’t spoken to people, push in front of people. 3 a bed
Brittany yet … (sleepless night), a chair (bad back), a
situation (you feel embarrassed)
4 love, friendship, listening to your 7
partner, shared interests; not having 1 How did that happen?
these might make an unhappy marriage 2 I have to speak to the manager.
– also arguments, affairs 5 Common 3 We / They sent the cards to the wrong
surnames in the UK include Smith, address.
Brown, Jones. 4 There have been some security issues.
6 I’m sorry but I’m busy right now. / I 5 (Please) change all your passwords. /
can’t talk right now, I’ll call you back You should change all your passwords.
later. 6 The bank will repay any money you’ve
lost.
What a nightmare! (pages 110-111)
2 1 I wanted to work for them
1 Somebody grabbed her bag while she 2 my career goals were
was talking on the phone – she lost her 3 I had spoken to
money, cards and keys. 4 I had gone to school
2 1 is to a bank; 2 is to the police; 3 is to a 5 if I had had many other interviews
lock company 6 if there was anything I wanted to ask / if
3 1 to cancel bank cards; 2 to report the I wanted to ask anything
crime; 3 to get into her apartment and
get new locks fitted 9
1 grabbed, ran
3 2 hacked, stole
1 a T (for security) 3 came, kicked
b F (They’re cancelled immediately.) 4 bought, got
2 a F (She was walking to her friend’s 5 hitting, kicking
house.) 6 texting, crashed
b T 7 followed, threatening
c F (They just say: if we do hear 8 having, making
anything we’ll let you know.)
3 a F (She’s at her friend’s house.) Video 6: Memory Man
b T
c F (She rents it.) 2
1 numbers
5 2 250
1 She’s calling the bank because she 3 every detail of every day of this life
hasn’t received her new cards. 4 the Golfera family and more forgetful
2 Somebody has taken money from her families
account. 5 it is stored
They probably stole her card and her 6 lose their memories
PIN number from the post, before they
reached her. 3
Researchers don’t really know how much a
6 good memory is because of genes, and
1 present perfect, will + infinitive how much it is because of learning and
2 past perfect, would + infinitive environment. Both are important.
3 She told me she was very sorry. / He
told me he was very sorry. 4
1 He practises continuously to improve
Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference the power of his memory.
1 were installing 2 He’s even memorised a series of
2 had tried historical books.
3 had already arrived 3 Improving his memory has become
4 would be almost like a full-time job.
5 could offer 4 He has a relatively normal life.
5 In other words, he’s just like other and answers to Exercise 4
people. 1 We’ve only just left the house.
6 His genes are partly responsible for his 2 I suddenly realised I’d left my keys in my
great memory. flat.
7 Researchers think it’s mainly because of 3 I was stopped by the police as I was driving
his very hard work. home.
8 Basically, learning to remember how to 4 The lions are usually fed at about three in
remember. the afternoon.
5 I knew we’d met before, but I just couldn’t
Review 6 (page 113) remember where.
6 They said the new battery would be here
within three or four days.
1
1 had 5 told
2 where 6 be
3 whether 7 already
4 was 8 just
2
1 had never seen
2 haven’t finished it yet
3 should be banned
4 I had left
5 my car was stolen
3
1 told
2 wanted
3 did that happen
4 You’ve
5 haven’t received
6 what
7 I’m still waiting
8 is imported
5
1f 2d 3a 4h 5c 6b 7e 8g
6
science and nature in the news: become
extinct, find
a cure, fund research, investigate the effect
phones: a busy line, get cut off, a poor signal,
put on hold
crimes: crash, pay a fine, run off, threaten
7
1 into 5 through
2 up, at 6 into
3 from 7 in
4 down 8 from (or at)
8
1 answers / answered 6 storm
2 texted 7 wind
3 called 8 unpleasant
4 inconvenient 9 impossible
5 coverage 10 unwise
Unit 13 The Cottage: scary horror movie
It’s a Love-Hate Thing: romantic comedy
Opener (page 115) set in Paris and New York
2 It’s a Love-Hate Thing
1 Possible answers 3 The Galaxy in Cambridge Road
Two people are playing with, acting with, 4 2.30 or 4.45 / quarter to five
or training North American grizzly bears.
The bears are trained to be used in films. 4
They have appeared in documentaries and 1 near the end
wildlife programmes as well as Hollywood 2 going to see
films. 3 the other day
4 everyone is saying
It’s supposed to be amazing (pages 116-117) 5 a bit bored, was very predictable
6 To be honest
1 Possible answers 7 more like it
an action movie (Die Hard films; The Fast 8 go and have
and the Furious films) a comedy (Dumb and
Dumber; Austin Powers; Airplane) a 5
historical drama (Elizabeth; Troy; 1b 2c 3f 4e 5a 6d
Spartacus; Kingdom of Heaven) a martial
arts movie (Enter the Dragon; The Karate 8
Kid; Kung Fu Panda) a musical (Sound of 1 bored (-ed: person’s feeling)
Music; Mary Poppins; West Side Story; 2 surprising (-ing: cause of feeling)
Evita) a romantic comedy (When Harry 3 excited
Met Sally; Notting Hill; Pretty Woman) a 4 interested
science-fiction film (2001: A Space 5 tiring
Odyssey; Gravity; Interstellar) a thriller 6 depressing
(Rear Window; Usual Suspects; LA 7 confused
Confidential) a war movie (Saving Private 8 annoying
Ryan; Apocalypse Now; American Sniper)
Other genres: fantasy, animation, bio-pics, 9 Possible answers
film noir, western 1 This film is really boring, let’s watch
something else.
2 2 I was surprised that John came to the
amazing special effects: science-fiction, party. He doesn’t like parties.
maybe horror or action movies 3 The match was really exciting. It
a happy ending: romantic comedy, musical finished 4-4.
complicated plots: thriller, maybe science- 4 History is my favourite subject – it’s
fiction very interesting.
car chases and explosions: action movies 5 I’m tired. I’m going to bed.
and some thrillers and martial arts films 6 He’s depressed because his girlfriend
amazing costumes: historical dramas, left him.
possibly science-fiction films or musicals 7 Maths can be confusing.
set in space: science-fiction, possibly a few 8 I was annoyed when he arrived an hour
comedies and horror movies late.
really scary: horror, possibly war movies
quite violent: action, thrillers, martial arts, Making movies (pages 118-119)
war
quite predictable / really boring: students’ 2
own views 1 Nollywood, the Nigerian film industry, is
very big – it produces 1,500 films a year
3 (second only to India).
1 In the Heat of the Moment: good 2 It is successful, employs thousands of
costumes, set in Thailand, looks amazing people and is worth $7 bn a year. The
but a bit slow / boring / predictable, has a low budget approach has allowed it to
really annoying actor in it grow quickly.
3 Most films go straight to DVD because 6 cookery books
there are only 30 cinemas. 7 university gyms
4 Voodoo horror, gangster, crime, stories 8 members of a gym
of poor people becoming rich, and 9 friends from university
domestic dramas
5 Invasion 1897 is an important film. 7
6 Lancelot Oduwa Imasuen is a famous 1 the fashion industry
director. 2 a famous film director
7 He has made 200 feature films. 3 the films from our country
8 The writer doesn’t really express a 4 a photo of my parents
personal opinion. His early films
followed the Nollywood pattern sounds 9
quite negative, but the next comment All the compounds have a stress on the
(Imasuen’s recent films are more first syllable of the first noun except for
ambitious) is more positive. security system and success story, where
the stress on the second syllable of the first
3 noun, and city centre, which has the stress
1e 2g 3c 4f 5a 6h 7b 8d on the first syllable of the second word.
4 11 Possible answers
1 Nollywood (the film industry) washing machine, cash payment
2 Nollywood films shopping centre, leisure centre
3 the focus on black magic and crime main roads, crossword
4 the producers of the films housemate, checkmate, roommate,
5 Imasuen’s recent films flatshare fashion industry, computer
6 the British industry, film star, film review
7 Invasion 1897 (Imasuen’s film) hiking boots, rugby boots, wellington
8 films like Invasion 1897 boots, football pitch, football match
liver disease, heart problems, heart
6 condition
1 a films surveillance system, security camera,
b cameramen security officer news story, love story,
c works success rate
d issue reading glasses, suncream, sunshade, sun
2 a film / films hat
b cameraman / cameramen basketball court, badminton court, tennis
c work / works racket, tennis shoes
d issue / issues garden lights, traffic cone, traffic jam
Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference

1 1 fashion industry
1 war film 2 shoe designer
2 world war 3 my sister’s shoes
3 quality of life 4 fashion channel
4 life guard 5 fashion shows
5 bookshelf 6 cost of clothes
6 cookery book 7 credit card bill
7 university gym
8 member of a gym I’m A Big Fan (paes 120-121)
9 friend from university
2 1
1 war films Music: album, composer, concert,
2 world wars instrument, singer
3 (not possible) Art: exhibition, landscape, painting,
4 life guards portrait, sculpture
5 bookshelves
Books: author, comedy, crime fiction, 2 since
novel, poetry 3 have been showing
4
1 c
2 a (Gustavo is young and in an orchestra,
so it can’t be 3.)
3 b (Wallander in the Swedish detective
series)
4 f (Henry Moore sculpture of king and
queen
5
a Speaker 3
b Speaker 2
c Speaker 1
d Speaker 4
e Speaker 4
f Speaker 2
g Speaker 1
h Speaker 3
7
1 have
2 been (past participle form of be)
3 for
4 since
5 / 6 like / know

1 I have been learning Chinese since I was
eight.
2 I have been to / been going to the gym
every day for the last two months.
3 They have been together for quite a long
time.
4 The Social Democrats have been in power
since the last election.
5 He has lived / been living there since last
year.
6 I have been trying to find a job for months.
7 She has been making amazing films for
quite a while now.
8 I haven’t really liked much of her work
since her first album.

1 1 for
2 has produced
3 has been conducting
4 has had
2 1 has been writing
2 started
3 has won
4 since
3 1 loved
Unit 14 6 in, under
7 in, next to
Opener (page 123) 8 by
Work with your students’ answers. The 1 a towel, a bar of soap, a toothbrush
picture shows a young couple moving in or 2 a brush, a bar of soap, a towel
out of a home. 3 a stapler, a pen, a computer
They are wrapping or unwrapping things 4 a kettle, a cloth, a tea towel
using bubble wrap and are looking at 5 a lawn mower, a work bench, a ladder
documents – perhaps sorting out things to 6 a vacuum cleaner, an iron, an ironing
throw away. board, a mop
7 a knife, a tin opener, a towel.
What’s it called in English? (pages 124-125) 8 a hammer, a screwdriver
1 9
3 an ironing board 1 drawer /drɔː/
4 a shower curtain and shower rail 2 shelf
6 a kettle 3 mortgage
7 a dustpan and brush 4 neighbour (NB we say next-door
8 an iron neighbour if they live in the house next
(They also mention a rubbish bin (1) to us – a neighbour can live in any flat
and bleach (9), but don’t need to buy or house nearby)
these.) 5 landlord
6 spare room
2 7 garage
1 a good clean 8 balcony
2 buy some stuff
3 write a list 10
4 do you call 1 that / which 2 that / who 3 where
5 for cleaning things
6 under the sink Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
7 charge the landlord 1 who
8 can’t live without 2 that
3 where
3 4 who
You can see a bin (1), a pan (2), a needle 5 which
and thread (10), a mop and bucket (11), a 6 where
towel (5), a rubber (12) and a torch (13).
11
4 1 that / which 6 where
1 a towel 2 that / who 7 that / which
2 a cloth 3 where 8 where
3 a plaster 4 that / which 9 that / who
4 a pan 5 that / who
5 a torch
6 a needle and thread 12 Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference
7 a mop and a bucket 1 Sertab Erener is a Turkish singer who
8 a stapler won the Eurovision Song Contest in
2003.
6 2 Storaplan is a very trendy area where
1 in, on there are lots of nice shops and
2 above restaurants.
3 on 3 Sue Briggs was an English teacher who
4 on persuaded me to go to university.
5 in
4 A campsite is a place where you stay lot of fresh vegetables, which is very
when you go camping. healthy.
5 Shostakovich was a Russian composer
who wrote some amazing pieces of 5
music. New Zealand kiwi fruits – flown a long
6 Istanbul is a city where Europe and Asia distance, creating carbon dioxide /
meet. packaged in polystyrene, which is hard to
7 What do you call those machines that recycle
do the washing-up for you? Bottles of water / cans of cola – have to
8 I need to buy one of those things that mine tonnes of rock to get the aluminium
you wear round your waist and keep for cans / transport costs
money in. Small bottles / small boxes of cereal – use
more material than large ones Meat (beef
1 and lamb) – animals produce natural gas
Picture 1 includes a bar of chocolate, a box that causes global warming / inefficient
of cereal, a can of cola, a jar of honey, a way to get food energy
packet of biscuits (also a tin of fish, bottles
of sauce, a pot of noodles). 6
Picture 2 includes a carton of milk, a tray of 1 T (everything we produce and consume
meat, a tin of tomatoes, a pot of yoghurt leads to waste)
(also a bottle of grape juice, a jar of olives, 2 F (the kiwi fruit are from New Zealand)
a packet of pasta, a tin of crabmeat). 3 F (he recycles bottles and cans)
Picture 3 includes a sack of rice (and a sack 4 T (4 tonnes of rock needed for 1 tonne
of onions, but no other packaging). of aluminium)
5 T (they are lighter than glass)
2 6 T (no packaging, more efficient
Metal: can, tin (possibly tray) transport by pipe)
Glass: jar (also bottle) 7 T (the next problem is the amount of
Plastic: pot, tray (possibly carton, bar and meat I’ve bought)
packet) 8 T (you shouldn’t eat too many dairy
Cardboard: box, carton products)
Cloth: sack 9 Doesn’t say (but the papers next to
them were)
3 Possible answers
Family 1 probably spends the most as they 7
eat a lot of packaged products, which are The first family uses too much packaged
more expensive than fresh foods. food, in particular bottles and cans of
However, they have not got any meat, drinks, jars, boxes and tins. They eat no
which is more expensive. Their diet looks fresh local food, but they also have no
less healthy, they eat a lot of processed meat or dairy products in their shopping,
foods, which contain a lot of sugar, salt and and both of these are bad for the
other additives. They probably cause most environment.
damage to the environment because they The second family eats much more fresh,
consume so much packaging. unpackaged food (fresh fruit and
Family 2 probably spend quite a lot. Their vegetables) which looks as if it is locally
diet includes meat, which is expensive, but produced, but they buy tins, glass jars and
they eat a lot of vegetables, which are bottles, and plastic trays of meat. Meat is
usually cheap. They don't eat a lot of also bad for the environment.
packaged foods and their diet looks quite The third family is the most
healthy. They use less packaging than 1, environmentally friendly, their food looks
and their vegetables look locally grown, so mainly locally produced, and they use very
they will need less transport. little packaging. The only packaging is large
Family 3 uses very little packaging, and no sacks, which is efficient as there is less
plastics, which is better for the packaging relative to the volume of food.
environment than 1 or 2, and also cheaper. Cloth is more environmentally friendly
The foods look locally grown. They eat a than plastic.
9 Speaker 2
In a and b, must can be replaced by have to 1 a mountain bike
because it means something is essential. 2 Christmas
c must can’t be replaced by have to 3 Yes, it’s one of the most useful presents
because it means ‘I imagine this is ever.
definitely true’. Speaker 3
d mustn’t can’t be replaced by don’t have 1 an iron and a dress in a style he thought
to, the meanings are totally different: she ought to wear (from her ex-
mustn’t means it is not permitted / not boyfriend)
allowed, whereas don’t have to means 2 her birthday
there is no obligation, it’s not necessary 3 No, they gave a very bad message
(but you can do it if you want to). about the way he saw her.
Speaker 4
Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference 1 a rock (from a girl he went out with)
1 must / have to 2 their first date together
2 must 3 Not really, he thought it was a bit
3 mustn’t stupid, but he married her and now he
4 don’t have likes it.
5 must
6 must / have to 6
7 must 1 send, a card 5 lend, some money
2 read, a story 6 make, some tea
11 3 buy, a car 7 tell, a secret
1 must / have to reduce 4 cook, dinner 8 ask, a personal question
2 mustn’t pour
3 must be 8
4 must / have to get back 1 We paid them a lot of money so I
5 must / have to remember expected something better.
6 mustn’t forget 2 I sent presents to all the family for
7 don’t have to pay Christmas, but they haven’t called. I
8 must / have to eat wonder if they received them.
3 My husband made me breakfast in bed
12 Possible answers on Valentine’s Day.
You must switch off lights in the home. 4 My grandparents have been married
You must use energy-saving light bulbs. for 40 years so we want to give them
You must put your rubbish in the correct something special for their anniversary.
recycling bins. 5 She cooked this amazing meal for us.
You mustn’t throw away waste in the Honestly, she should start her own
countryside. restaurant.
You mustn’t drop litter. 6 It was a bit embarrassing because they
brought us some wine, but we don’t
Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference drink!
1 have to pay tax
2 aren’t allowed to leave 9 Possible answers
3 mustn’t forget to 1 It depends what their interests are:
4 must be very excited perhaps pay for a special holiday,
5 can’t enter organise a trip away with the whole
family, buy something special for the
Thank you so much (pages 128-129) house.
2 a token so she can buy her own clothes
2 or music; some special jewellery
Speaker 1 3 baby clothes, toys, blankets or
1 her own website (from her sister) something for a child’s room
2 her birthday 4 jewellery, romantic music, a meal at a
3 Yes, it’s her favourite gift ever. special restaurant
5 flowers, special cakes or chocolates, 6 who 12 since
something special to drink 2
6 It depends what their interests are: 1 The cost of living
gardening tokens, something for the 2 have been married for
kitchen, a token for a hotel or a spa, 3 are not allowed to
travel tokens 4 mustn’t forget to
7 something useful for the home, or 5 an interest in history
flowers, or chocolates 6 You must be
3
Video 7: Oxford (page 130) 1 leather boots 5 You
2 since 6 mustn’t
2 3 known 7 where
1 F 4 that 8 seen
2 T (farmers took cattle across the river; 6
cows are a type of cattle, as are oxen) 1f 2h 3g 4e 5c 6a 7d 8b
3 T 7
4 F (people were teaching there in 1096, films: a comedy, costumes, an explosion,
but it probably began before that) special effects
5 T things in the house: a carton, a pan, a stapler, a
6 F (parts of them were filmed there) torch
music and art: a composer, an exhibition, a
3 landscape, sculpture
1 He became friends with the children of 8
the head of the college, including his 1 historical 4 annoying
daughter Alice. 2 scary 5 poetry
2 While he was out taking them on boat 3 predictable 6 valuable
rides down the river. 9
3 In the story there is a shop run by a 1 tiring 6 hammer
sheep, possibly based on a shop near 2 bucket 7 plasters
Christchurch, where the shopkeeper 3 dining 8 romantic
had a sheep-like voice. In the book, 4 portrait 9 plate
things in this shop float away off the 5 living
shelves: in reality the shop was often
flooded with water from a stream.
4 A group of authors met in this pub,
including J R R Tolkien (author of The
Hobbit and Lord of the Rings) and C S
Lewis (author of the Narnia books).
4
1 know, were teaching and studying
2 has become
3 took, told
4 based
5 also influenced
6 often met
Review 7 (page 131)
1
1 last 7 has
2 been 8 never
3 which 9 can’t
4 of 10 allowed
5 must 11 where
Unit 15 6 If unemployment has fallen, people will
spend more and the economy should
Opener (page 133) improve. There will be more money to pay
for services.
1 7 If the average salary is higher, then the
The illustration on the obverse side of a $20 cost of living is also likely to be higher.
bill shows the White House in Washington High salaries might encourage
DC, official home of the President of the immigration, which can be good for the
United States. All American banknotes show a economy.
US president on one side and a building or
event that is famous in US history on the 3
other (see culture notes). 1 He has a good quality of life: warm
climate, near the beach, not too much
Cost Of Living work.
2 It’s not doing very well, unemployment
1 has gone up and salaries are not very high.
1 A currency is strong when it is worth more 3 He could get paid more in Canada, he will
relative to other currencies. When a have better career opportunities, and he
currency is strong, you can exchange it for will be able to see his family and friends
more money in weaker currencies, so you more.
can go abroad more cheaply. However,
goods that are exported are more 4
expensive for other countries to buy, so it 1 at the
can be bad for businesses that mainly 2 in
export goods. Costs for tourists from other 3 last few months
countries are higher, so it is bad for 4 back home
tourism. 5 twice
2 A currency is weak when it is worth less 6 in
relative to other currencies. Exported 7 in
goods from that country are cheaper for 8 while
other countries to buy, but imported
goods are more expensive. It can be good 6
for businesses that export goods, but bad 1 I’m actually going back to Canada in a few
for companies that rely on imports or months. (a)
imported materials. More tourists might 2 The economy’s doing quite badly at the
come from other countries. moment. (a)
3 If the cost of living is high, basic things like 3 Unemployment has gone up quite a lot
food are expensive to buy. Real incomes over the last few months. (b)
may fall, there may be more poverty, 4 I’m not sure I’m going to have a job in a
people might have to work longer hours, year’s time. (d)
there might be social unrest. 5 It used to be cheaper in the past. (c)
4 Inflation is low when prices don’t increase 6 Inflation’s gone up over the last two years.
much over time. The cost of living stays (b)
the same, but wages don’t increase either,
which is bad for the economy. It might Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
encourage saving, as savings keep their 1 over the last five years, since last year, in
value, though interest rates are also likely the last six months
to be low. Borrowing can be cheaper, 2 at the moment
which is good for new businesses. 3 last month, three months ago, the other
5 If there’s a lot of unemployment, a lot of week, when I was young
people don’t have jobs, which can lead to 4 in two years, in three months’ time
social unrest, high costs of social benefits,
and more government debt. Emigration 7
might increase as people look for work in 1 is doing
other countries. 2 has fallen
3 has gone up
4 used to be probably liked watching their dad make
5 is going to be toy boats and making clothes with their
6 is … losing mum, and spending time together. They
7 is going to fall might have complained about not
8 used to be having a TV, or soft drinks, and having
9 is getting
9 used to have 4
1 F (he earned the money and invested it
8 Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference 2 F (they more than doubled – they cost
1 The prime minister has been losing / 8p and sold for £4.12)
has lost popularity in the last year. 3 T (a lot of it was left to a charity)
2 I used to spend a lot more money in the 4 F (she had a happy childhood and she
past. doesn’t need the money)
3 I got a loan from the bank the other 5 T (it will help teenagers with problems)
month. 6 F (she doesn’t say what she will spend it
4 The recession is getting worse at the on)
moment.
5 They are going to / will invest more in 6 Possible answers
schools over the next five years. From the story: leave anything of value,
6 He lost his job three years ago. buy, borrow, afford, money, silver, gold,
wealthy, spends, saves, worth, having so
9 Possible answers little money, how much, nearly three
1 suit million pounds
2 packet From the audio script: salary, save it,
3 can investing money, expensive, bought
4 laptop shares, cost eight pence each, sold … for
5 A litre is twice the price in my country. £4.12, 2.7 million pounds, give two million
6 A good pair of shoes costs … . to a charity, giving the money to, the
7 A smartphone is much more expensive money they saved, a quarter of a million
in my country. pounds.
8 A kilo costs … .
7
My inheritance (pages 136-137) 1 borrow, owe
2 saving
2 3 won, Invest, buy
The author was surprised because her 4 give, earn
father had always seemed poor, they had 5 worth, left
little money and few possessions as
children, but, in fact, he had left millions in 8
his will. 1 with cash, by credit or debit card, by
cheque
3 2 gas, electricity, water, telephone /
1 Money’s silver, but a needle and thread mobile phone bills
is gold! – practical skills, like being able 3 when you have borrowed money from a
to make or repair clothes, are more bank or person
useful in life than money. 4 Many employees get paid at the end of
Early to bed, early to rise, makes a man the week or month, usually by bank
healthy, wealthy and wise – if you get transfer.
up early and do a good day’s work, 5 when you have borrowed money on
rather than staying up late having fun, your credit card, or from a bank, or
you will do well in life. Never buy what when you have a mortgage
you can borrow, never throw away 6 workmen and people who provide a
what you can repair – you can save service – plumbers, electricians,
money by doing this. hairdressers, car mechanics, etc.
2 Their parents were caring and they did 7 in class, at a lecture / a presentation / a
a lot of things together; the girls talk
8 a coffee, lunch, petrol (after having a 3 left
lift) 4 condition
5 mark
11 6 manage
1 £5.73 7 Fares
2 3.4% 8 managed
3 700 million 9 borrow
4 3 10 irregular
4 11 suspect
5 825 12 insurance
6 360,000 euros
7 194,000 5 1 as soon as I get paid; when you have
8 2051 the money; after you get the card
2 future
Money, money, money (pages 138-139) 3 present
4 will / can + infinitive
1 Possible answers
a arguments over pocket money, Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
arguments over jobs the teenager does 1 when 6 before
for money in the home, cost of things 2 until 7 As soon as
teenager wants or needs for school, 3 After 8 when
having / not having a job to earn money 4 until 9 as soon as
b bill higher than expected, problems 5 before
sharing the bill, forgetting wallet or
money, credit card not accepted 6
c losing money, being robbed, problems 1 I’m 6 you get
exchanging money or accessing money 2 are you going to do 7 I’ll pay
from banks or bank machines, not 3 arrive 8 I leave
understanding exchange rates 4 I’m going to move 9 We’ll support
d cost of living, cost of childcare, cost of 5 you have 10 I’ll call
clothes and equipment
e only takes cash not cards, haggling over 7 Possible answers
price, paying too much for something 1 cook dinner / have a shower.
f having no cash, needing to call bank, 2 buy a car / go on holiday.
possible cyber theft 3 do another course / go home.
4 travel round the world / go to New
2 York.
1 b The man offers to pay the bill, but he 5 I’m fluent / I pass all the exams.
left his wallet in a jacket; the woman
will pay, but she will need to pay by Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference
credit card, if they take them. 1 We’ll obviously discuss the deal with
2 e The price they ask is ridiculously everyone before we’ll make a final
expensive, and there is a mark on it; the decision.
woman doesn’t buy it. 2 (correct)
3 a The teenager wants to buy a car, but 3 We will / can have something to eat when
has no money; the parents offer to pay we get home.
half, and he will borrow the rest from 4 After you’ll register, you’ll be able to
the bank. access your account online.
4 f The credit card has been cancelled 5 (correct)
because of fraud; a new card is being 6 (correct)
sent out and insurance will cover the 7 Inflation will continue to rise until the
stolen money. government does something about it!
8 I will believe in UFOs when I see one with
3 my own eyes! / I won’t believe in UFOs
1 treat until I see one with my own eyes!
2 up
8
1 open
2 take out
3 make
4 change
5 transfer
6 pay
7 cancel
8 charge
10 Possible answers
1 when you get married, or if you live
with other people and share bills
2 to buy a car, to start a business, to
move house
3 if they are charged unfairly, if service is
poor, if money has gone from their
account
4 if they have a new card and they want a
PIN they can remember easily, or if they
think someone has found out their PIN
5 if it is lost or stolen
6 if the goods haven’t been supplied, or
the service hasn’t been carried out
Unit 16 6
Conversation 1: typical (wedding reception
Opener (page 141) music); modern (things – music); full
(dance floor)
1 Possible answers Conversation 2: impressive (place); lovely
It is on the main square (Zócalo) in Mexico (guests); easy to talk to (guests); gorgeous
City. The people are dressed in Aztec (girlfriend)
costume because the festival has its origins Conversation 3: lovely (evening); grilled
in Aztec culture (aubergines); spicy (sauce)
Have a few friends round! (pages 142-143) 8

1e 2f 3c 4a 5b 6h 7g 8d
1
1 housewarming A brief history (pages 144-145)
2 leaving party
3 wedding reception 1
4 launch 1 was established
5 friends round 2 invaded
6 surprise 3 won
4 was killed
3 5 lasted
1 g, h 6 ruled
2 c, j 7 became
3 e, i 8 join
4 b, f
5 a, d 4
1 since the Stone Age
4 Possible answers 2 The nomadic lifestyle ended during the
1 It was great fun. / It was a bit 1800s when the country was occupied
disappointing. by Russia. In Soviet times, people were
2 It was really big and very cool. / It was forced to live on farms. Now, the
dark and crowded. economy has grown because of oil and
3 It was delicious / disgusting / boring. gas.
4 It was modern / loud / dull / old- 3 1991
fashioned. 4 oil and gas production; exporter of
5 They were friendly / reserved / other natural resources
interesting. 5 and 6 Students’ own ideas
5 5
Conversation 1 The name comes from a word meaning
1 a wedding reception ‘free spirit’. Islam was introduced by the
2 one of the speaker’s oldest friends Arabs.
3 in a castle on the coast Over the next 200 years, the unique
4 amazing venue and excellent music Kazakh culture developed.
Conversation 2 This traditional lifestyle changed during the
1 a housewarming 1800s. This led to fighting and a civil war.
2 a friend of the speaker Kazakhstan became part of the Soviet
3 in a flat in a converted church Union.
4 great at first, warm, friendly people,
then her ex-boyfriend arrived 6
Conversation 3 1 there is only one ninth largest country
1 a dinner party 2 one of several examples – there are
2 the speaker’s other exporters
3 at the speaker’s home 3 one of several and not important which
4 lovely it is – there are other borders
4 the Arabs (there are no others); the eighth A day I’ll never forget (pages 146-147)
century (there was only one)
5 there was only one Soviet Union 2
6 if it is ‘the only thing’ then there is only one Speaker 1: April the 21st, Kartini Day – the
day that Raden Ajeng Kartini was born in
1 a 7 a Speaker 2: the day the speaker spent a
2 the 8 The night in the house where her great-
3 the 9 the grandmother was born
4 a 10 an Speaker 3: June the 25th – the anniversary
5 the 11 the of the day that Michael Jackson died (in
6 the 12 the 2009)
Speaker 4: the day the speaker climbed
7 Mount Kinabalu in Malaysia
1 The best day of my life was the day I got Speaker 5: March the 24th – the
married. (only one special day; we anniversary of the day that the speaker’s
always use the with superlatives) sight was restored
2 The / A day I will never forget is when I
met President Putin. (both possible – 3
The if it is the only day or A if you see it 1 a against sexual discrimination
as one of many days you will never b way to go
forget) 2 a my mum’s side
3 I’ve never seen a whale in the wild, but B a real connection
I’d love to. (there are many whales) 3 a the anniversary of
4 I’d love to go to the United States and b a real tragedy
see the Grand Canyon one day. (we use 4 a in the region
the with some place names that have a B reached the peak
common noun in the name, e.g. the 5 a sight was restored
United Kingdom, the United States, the b thanks to my
Grand Canyon, 185 the Soviet Union)
5 I’m glad to say, I’ve never broken a 5
bone. (we have several bones) Infinitive with to: agree, arrange, decide,
6 The / A left-wing party won the last fail, hope, offer, plan, promise, refuse
election here. (The if there was only -ing form: avoid, can’t stand, consider,
one left-wing party; A if there was more enjoy, finish, mind, miss, practise,
than one left-wing party; there was only recommend
one most recent election) The party’s
leader is quite young. (refers back to Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference
the party that won the election) 1 to take
2 to become
Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference 3 writing
1 He died during the Second World War. 4 speaking
2 I think it’s very important to study the 5 to take, trying
history . 6 working
3 Our friends have a lovely cottage in the 7 to meet
Black Forest. 8 working, to do
4 I’m meeting a friend of mine later.
5 One day I’d love to try and climb the 6
Mount Everest. 1 to change
6 My father is a pilot, so he’s away from 2 to go
home a lot. 3 to be, to buy
7 The Happiness is more important than 4 travelling
money. 5 to have
8 I don’t like the eggs. I don’t know why. I
just don’t.
7 gold / parrots: Columbus brought back
In 1, 3 and 5 the meaning is basically the gold and parrots from the New World
same. the high point: Columbus’s discovery was
In 2, remember + -ing means you have the high point of his life
memories of something that happened in disappointed: Columbus was always
the past (often good or bad memories) but disappointed that he didn’t find a new
remember to phone means you are route to the east the Vikings: reached
reminding yourself or someone else to America 500 years before Columbus
phone in the future.
In 4, the use is comparable to 2. Stopped 3
buying means you used to buy the 1 F (educated people knew this, but not
products before, then stopped. Stopped to everyone)
buy means you were doing something else, 2 T (the King and Queen of Spain had to
then stopped in order to buy something. give him money)
3 T (they were about to give up and turn
Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference back)
1 I’ve decided not to go to university. 4 F (it was the island of San Salvador, in
2 (correct) the Bahamas)
3 Do you mind waiting here for a few 5 T (he thought he was in Asia)
minutes? 6 F (he returned three times)
4 I don’t really enjoy shopping for 7 T (he died ‘a disappointed man’
clothes. because he hadn’t found a route to the
5 I spent nine months travelling round east)
Africa. 8 F (he died 14 years later)
6 (correct)
7 (correct) 4
8 I’m considering looking for work 1 to study
overseas. 2 to find
9 (correct) 3 the
10 Sorry we’re so late. We stopped to have 4 to give
lunch on the way. 5 a
11 Can you please stop making so much 6 a, the, the
noise? 7 the
12 (correct) 8 the
Video 8: Columbus And The New World (page Review 8 (page 149)
148)
2 1
spices: Columbus wanted to find a better 1 used 6 a
route to the east to get spices more easily 2 when 7 played
a new route: Columbus wanted to find a 3 in 8 stand
new route to Asia 4 being 9 get
three ships: Columbus took three ships on 5 the 10 a
his voyage 2
a month: after a month at sea the sailors 1 used to go swimming
on the ships wanted to turn back 2 until I’ve discussed
a new continent: when Columbus arrived 3 must remember to call
in the Americas he didn’t know he was on 4 has fallen since
a new continent 5 rising at the moment
Indians: Columbus called the people he 3
met Indians, because he thought he was in 1 taking, to wait
India 2 has fallen
Native Americans: Columbus met native 3 ’m going
Americans – the original people who lived 4 to get, cats
in the Americas 5 I’ll phone, have
6 talking, attention
7 when I was a kid
8 a student, the bills
6
1f 2g 3h 4a 5c 6e 7d 8b
7
banks: cancel my card, charge interest, a
mortgage
historical events: become independent, a
civil war, an empire, establish a city, a
republic
parties: an amazing venue, a buffet, cold
and distant, a housewarming
8
1 into 5 on
2 in 6 over
3 on 7 into
4 by 8 from, to
9
1 set 5 afford
2 launch 6 security
3 economy 7 average
4 unemployment 8 background

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OUTCOMES PRE-INTERMEDIATE

Student’s Book Answer Key

Unit 1 4 And do you enjoy it?

3 Possible answers 10 1 job

5 1 Sulochana (see example in the

6 1 Kristin 2 Sandra 3 Adam 4 Jochem 4 1 Conversation 3 7 Conversation 1

11 Possible answers 1: e offering, c checking, b reassuring,

Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference

Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference

3 Answers to Exercise 3, Grammar reference

Review 2 (page 41)

Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference 4

2 Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference

5 Let me show you round (pages 66-67)

Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference 4

Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference

Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference

Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference

10 Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference

3 Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference

Review 5 (page 95) and answers to Exercise 5

Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference

Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference

Answers to Exercise 1, Grammar reference

Answers to Exercise 2, Grammar reference

Review 7 (page 131)

Have a few friends round! (pages 142-143) 8

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