LESSON PLAN
ON
HYPERTENSION
ROLL NO-19501401001
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General Objectives
At the end of the class the students will be able to know about hypertension.
Specific objectives
1. To define the topic hypertension
2. To know about the types of hypertension
3. To explain about the etiology of hypertension
4. To list down the risk factors of hypertension
5. To discuss about pathophysiology
6. To enumerate the clinical features
7. To describe about the disease attributable to hypertension and target organ damage.
8. To list out about the investigation of hypertension
9. To discuss about the management of hypertension
10. To recapitulate the topic
11. To summarize the topic
12. To conclude the topic.
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S. Specific Time Content Learning Teaching A.V. Evaluat
No Objectives Activity Activity Aids ion
.
1. To define 1 min DEFINITION- Listening Lecture OHP Defined
hypertension. Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure hyperte
(HBP), is a long term medical condition in which the blood nsion.
pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
The SBP will be more than or equal of 140 mmHg and DBP will
be more than or equal of 90 mmHg.
2. To know about 2 min TYPES- Listening Lecture Black Learnt
the types of Pre hypertension: SBP: 120-139 mmHg DBP: 80-89 mmHg board about
hypertension. Hypertension stage I: SBP: 140-159 mmHg DBP: 90-99 mmHg the
Hypertension stage II: SBP: More or equal to 160 mmHg DBP: types of
More or equal to 100 mmHg hyperte
Pregnancy induced HTN: because of increased production of nsion.
hormones and enzymes during pregnancy.
3. To explain 1 min ETIOLOGY- Listening Discussion Chart Explain
about the Primary HTN: it is the elevation in BP without an identified ed
etiology of cause. about
hypertension. Secondary HTN: it is the elevation in BP with an exact cause. etiology
This type is account for 5-10% of total cases. of
The causes of Secondary HTN includes hyperte
Congenital narrowing of aorta nsion.
Cirrhosis of liver
Medications like oral contraceptive pills, NSAID, and
cocaine
Sleep apnea
Neurological disorders like brain tumors and head injury
Endocrine disorders like cushing’s syndrome
Renal disease
4. To list down the 1 min Listening Lecture Flash Learnt
RISK FACTORS-
risk factors of card about
Age: chance of CAD after 50 yrs of age
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hypertension. Alcohol, smoking and DM the risk
Excessive dietary intake of sodium factors
Gender of
Family history hyperte
Obesity nsion.
Sedentary life style
Stress
5. To discuss about 2 min PATHOPHYSIOLOGY- Listening Lecture Flow Discuss
pathophysiology Chart ed
. Genetic influences Environmental factors about
the
pathoph
ysiolog
Defects in renal Functional Defects in vascular y of
sodium smooth muscle,
hyperte
Vasoconstric nsion.
homeostasis
growth and
tion structure
Inadequate sodium
excretion
sodium and water
retention
increase plasma and vascular Increase
reactivity vascular wall
ECF volume thickness
Total peripheral
CO
resistannce
Hypertensio
6. To enumerate 1 min n Listening Lecture Flip Enumer
CLINICAL FEATURES-
the clinical Chart ated
Sometimes the high blood pressure does not causes any
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features of symptoms, so that it is known as silent killer disease. about
hypertension. In some patients the symptoms will develop like- the
Papilledema clinical
Irregular heart beat features
Shortness of breath
Chest pain
Confusion
Epistaxis
Fatigue
Vomiting
Nausea
Dizziness
Blurred vision
Severe head ache
7. To describe 2 min DISEASES ATTRIBUTABLE TO HYPERTENSION- Listening Lecture Hand Describ
about the Heart Failure Out ed
disease Left Ventricular Hypertrophy about
attributable to Myocardial Infarction the
hypertension Coronary Heart Disease disease
and target organ Hypertensive encephalopathy attributa
damage. Cerebral Hemorrhage ble to
hyperte
Preeclampsia/Eclampsia
nsion.
Stroke
Chronic Kidney Failure
Blindness
Gangrene of the Lower Extremities
Target Organ Damage-
Heart
• Left ventricular hypertrophy
• Angina or myocardial infarction
• Heart failure
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Brain
• Stroke or transient ischemic attack
Chronic kidney disease
Peripheral arterial disease
Retinopathy
8. To list out about 1 min DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATIONS- Listening Lecture Pictor Listed
the investigation History collection and physical examination ial out
of hypertension. Complete blood count chart about
ECG the
Chest x-ray diagnost
Urinalysis ic
Blood glucose evaluati
Serum potassium, creatinine, or the corresponding ons.
estimated GFR, and calcium
Lipid profile, after 9- to 12-hour fast, that includes high-
density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and
9. To discuss about triglycerides
the management 3 min MANAGEMENT- Listening Discussion PPT Discuss
of hypertension Mainly the management of hypertension is possible by two ways, ed
which include about
Goals of therapy the
Lifestyle modification manage
Pharmacologic treatment ment of
Follow up and monitoring hyperte
Goals of Therapy nsion.
Reduce Cardiac and renal morbidity and mortality.
Treat to BP <140/90 mmHg or BP <130/80 mmHg in
patients with diabetes or chronic kidney disease.
Life style modifications
• Lose weight, if overweight
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• Increase physical activity
• Reduce salt intake
• Stop smoking
• Limit intake of foods rich in fats and cholesterol
• increase consumption of fruits and vegetables
• Limit alcohol intake
• DASH Diet (Dietary approaches to stop hypertension)
• Stress management
DASH Diet-
• DASH stands for Dietary Approaches to
Stop Hypertension. The diet is simple:
• Eat more fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy foods
• Cut back on foods that are high in saturated fat,
cholesterol, and trans fats
• Eat more whole-grain foods, fish, poultry, and nuts
• Limit sodium, sweets, sugary drinks, and red meats
Pharmacological therapy
Various groups of drugs are used for the treatment of
hypertension, collectively these drugs are called as anti-
hypertensive drugs, which includes,
Diuretics:
it helps the kidneys to inhibit the sodium reabsorption in the
distal convoluted tubules, ascending limb and loop of henle.
Eg: chlorothiazide, furosemide
Alpha blockers: These medications causes the peripheral
vasodilatation of blood vessels. Eg: Prazosin
Beta blockers: These medications reduces the workload of the
heart and blood vessels and causing the heart to beat slowly and
with less force. Eg: Atenolol, propanolol
Vasodilators: These medications acting directly on the muscles
in the wall of arteries and preventing the muscles from tightening
and arteries from narrowing. Eg: Nitroglycerin, Sodium nitro
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prusside
ACE Inhibitors: This group of medication will reduce the
conversion of A-I to A-II and prevents vasoconstriction. Eg:
Captopril, Ramipril
Calcium channel blockers: These medicines will block the
movement of extra cellular calcium into the cells and causing
vasodilatation and decreased heart rate. Eg: Amlodipine,
Verapamil
NURSING MANAGEMENT-
A. Proper history collection should be done which includes
family history also.
B. Dietary habits should be assessed
C. Identify the medical history such as diabetes, CAD, renal
disease etc
D. Instruct the patient to avoid smoking and alcohol
E. Auscultate heart rate and palpate peripheral pulses
F. Monitor the blood cholesterol level frequently
G. Provide diet which is low in sodium and rich with fruits
and vegetables.
H. Monitor vital signs frequently
I. Identify the use of medications such as contraceptives,
steroids, NSAID etc.
RECAPUTULATION-
Q.1) What is the target organs that affect by hypertension?
Q.2) What are the risk factors of hypertension?
Q.3) What is diastolic blood pressure?
Q.4) What are the clinical manifestations of hypertension?
ASSIGNMENT-
1. Assignment on Dash diet in hypertension
10. To summarize ½ min SUMMARY- Listening Lecture Summar
the topic. Today I have discussed about definition of hypertension, types of ized the
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hypertension, etiology of hypertension, risk factors, topic.
pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, disease attributable to
hypertension, target organ damage, diagnostic evaluation,
management- pharmacological and nonpharmacological
management and nursing management. Conclud
11. To conclude the ½ min CONCLUSION- Listening Lecture ed the
topic. Hypertensive is usually a symptomatic and is the major risk topic.
factor for coronary heart disease and cerebrovascular accidents.
Hypertension is a very controllable disease, with drastic
consequences if left uncontrolled.
BIBLIOHRAPHY-
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1. Lewis’s Medical Surgical Nursing, 3rd Ed ELSEVIER, 2016, page no. 658-672
2. Tripathi. KD, Essential of Medical Pharmacology, 6th Ed JAYPEE publication, 2015, page no. 353-359
3. Stephen J.McPHEE A, PAPADAKIS(2010), Current Medical Diagnosis and treatment, 49TH Ed. A lange Publication, page no. 444-461
4. K. Park, Park Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine, 2015, 23rd Ed, Bhanot Publishers, page no.- 372-376
5. https://www.slideshare.net/Ratheeshkrishnakripa/hypertension-66802042
6. https://www.slideshare.net/DeepakKumarGupta2/hypertension-63582065
7. https://www.slideshare.net/yuyuricci/hypertension-126740125
8. https://www.kgmu.org/download/virtualclass/Medicine/hypertension%20final.ppt
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