Project Title: Building Design with Steel Hollow Section
Subject: Example 5 - Design of Column subjected to combined compression
and bi-axial bending
5 Column subjected to combined compression and
bi-axial bending
5.1 Scope
Design of a Hot Rolled Hollow Section in to resist the compression IS Code
and bending about both the axes shown in Figure Cl. Ref.
P Mz My
3000 B
mm y
D z z
y
P Major axis Minor axis
Figure 5.1
5.2 Design Force and Moments at Ultimate Limit State
Column
Design Axial Compressive Force, P = 187.62 kN Load data
from STAAD
Design Moment about z-z axis (major axis) Mz at Bottom = 47.59 kN-m analysis
Mz at Top = -61.41 kN-m
Design Moment about y-y axis (minor axis) My at Bottom = 13.88 kN-m
My at Top = -26.7 kN-m
Total Length of Column Lz = 3m
Ly = 3m
Effective Length of Column KLz = 1.2x 3 = 3.6 m Table 11
KLy = 1.2 x 3 = 3.6 m Cl. 7.2.2
(Assuming one end restrained in translation and rotation, other end retrained IS 800-2007
in translation but free under rotation)
Project Title: Building Design with Steel Hollow Section
Subject: Example 5 - Design of Column subjected to combined compression
and bi-axial bending
5.3 Selection of suitable section
Plastic Section modulus, Zp,reqd = M x mo = 61.41x 10^6 x1.1= 217906 mm3
fy 310
Section Proposed SHS220x220x8 @51.97 Kg/m
Type of Section: Hot rolled Cold formed
5.3.1 Section Properties
Depth of section h= 220 mm
Width of section bf = 220 mm
Flange thickness tf = 8 mm
Web thickness tw = 8 mm
Weight of section w= 51.97 Kg/m
2
Area A= 6619.2 mm
Moment of Inertia in z-z direction Izz = 48949887 mm4
4
Moment of Inertia in y-y direction Iyy = 48949888 mm
Elastic Modulus in z-z direction Zzz = 444999.0 mm3
3
Elastic Modulus in y-y direction Zyy = 444999.0 mm
Radious of gyration (z-z ) rzz = 86.0 mm
Radious of gyration (y-y ) ryy = 86.0 mm
Plastic Modulus in z-z direction Zpz = 521702 mm3
Plastic Modulus in y-y direction Zpy = 521702 mm3
.
5.3.2 Material Propreties
2
Yield Strength of material fy = 310 N/mm Table 3,
2
Ultimate Strength of material fu = 450 N/mm IS 4923: 1998
Modulus of Elasticity of Steel E = 200000 N/mm2 Cl. 2.2.4.1
2
Shear Modulus G = 76900 N/mm IS 800-2007
Poisson's ratio of Steel µ = 0.3
Project Title: Building Design with Steel Hollow Section
Subject: Example 5 - Design of Column subjected to combined compression
and bi-axial bending
5.4 Partial Safety factors for Resistance
Yield Strength γmo = 1.1 Table 5
Buckling Strength γmo = 1.1 (Cl 5.4.1)
Ultimate Strength γm1 = 1.25 IS 800:2007
Bolt Shop Fabrication γmf = 1.25
Field Fabrication γmf = 1.25
Weld Shop Weld γmw = 1.25
Field Weld γmw = 1.5
5.5 Cross Section Classification
b= 220-2x8= 204 mm Figure 2
d = 220-2x8= 204 mm &
ε = (250 / 310 ) = 0.90
Table 2
b/tf 25.5 < 29.3ε IS 800:2007
Flange is Plastic
d/tw 25.5 < 84ε
Web is Plastic
The section is Plastic & Class 1
5.6 Resistance of Section to Combined Yielding
(Bending and axial force)
Factored Axial Load, N= 187.6 kN
Axial Strength for Yielding, Nd = Ag.fy /γmo Cl 9.3.1.1
Nd = 6619.2 x 310 / (1.1x 1000) = 1865.4 kN
Therefore, n = N/Nd = 0.101 and
For hollow secton aw = (A-2b.tf) / A ≤ 0.5 Cl 9.3.1.2
af = (A-2h.tw) / A ≤ 0.5 IS 800: 2007
aw = (A-2b.tf) / A = (6619.2-2 x204 x8)/ 6619.2 = 1.00 > 0.5
Therefore, aw = 0.5
af = (A-2h.tw) / A = (6619.2-2x 220 x8)/ 6619.2 = 0.47 < 0.5
Therefore, af = 0.47
Project Title: Building Design with Steel Hollow Section
Subject: Example 5 - Design of Column subjected to combined compression
and bi-axial bending
For Plastic Section βb = 1
Mdz = βbZpzfy/γmo = 1x521702.2x310/(1.1x10^6 ) = 147.0 kN-m Cl 8.2.1.2
Mdy = βbZpyfy/γmo = 1x521702.2x310/(1.1x 10^6 ) = 147.0 kN-m IS 800: 2007
Mndz = Mdz (1 - n ) (1 - 0.5aw ) ≤ Mdz Cl 9.3.1.2 (d)
Mndy = Mdy (1 - n ) (1 - 0.5af ) ≤ Mdy
Hence Mndz = 147.03 x (1-0.101) x ( 1 -0.5 x 0.5) = 99.1 kN-m
< 147.0 kN-m
Mndy = 147.03 x (1-0.101) x ( 1 -0.5 x 0.47) = 101.1 kN-m
< 147.0 kN-m
For safety against overall yeilding the following equation need to be satisfied.
My
1 2 Cl 9.3.1.1
Mz
1 .0 IS 800: 2007
M
ndy M ndz
For Rectangular tubes (SHS/RHS) α1 = α2 = 1 . 66 Table 17
6
(1 1 . 13 n 2 ) IS 800: 2007
α1 = α2 = = 1.66/(1-1.13 x0.101^2) = 1.680 < 6
Therefore,
1 2
M y M z
M
ndy M ndz
= (26.7 / 101.12)^1.68+ (61.41 / 99.14)^1.68 = 0.107 + 0.448 = 0.55 < 1
Alternatively, My
N Mz
1
Nd M dz M dy
Cl 9.3.1.1
Therefore,
N M z M y
Nd M dz M dy
= (187.62 / 1865.42)+ (61.41 / 147.03)+(26.7/147.03 ) = 0.70 < 1
Section is safe against yeilding to Combined compression and bending.
Project Title: Building Design with Steel Hollow Section
Subject: Example 5 - Design of Column subjected to combined compression
and bi-axial bending
5.7 Buckling Resistance of member
(Combined Bending and axial compression)
(i) Determination of Axial Forces Pdz, Pdy
Effective slenderness ration in each axis
KLz / rz = 41.9 and KLy / ry = 41.9 Cl 7.1.2.1
Therefore, non-dimensional slenderness ratio about the two axes are, IS 800: 2007
λz = { fy (KLz/rz)2 / π2E }0.5 = {310 x 41.9^2 /(3.14^2 x200000)}^0.5
λz = 0.526
λy = ( fy (KLy/ry)2 / π2E )1/2 = {310 x 41.9)^2 /(3.14^2 x200000)}^0.5
λy = 0.526
For Hollow Section
Buckling class for buckling about axis z-z & y-y = a Table 10
Hence, αz = αy = 0.21 IS 800: 2007
Φ - values ----
0 .5 1 0 .2 2
Φz = 0.5 [ 1 +0.21 x (0.526 - 0.2 ) + 0.526^2 ] = 0.673 Cl 7.1.2.1
Φy = 0.5 [ 1 +0.21 x (0.526 - 0.2 ) + 0.526^2 ] = 0.673 IS 800: 2007
- values ---- 1
1
1 .0
2 2
2
z = 0.916 and χy = 0.916
2
fcdz = χz .fy / γmo = 0.916 x 310 / 1.1 = 258.2 N/mm
2
fcdy = χy .fy / γmo = 0.916 x 310 / 1.1 = 258.2 N/mm
Pdz = Ag.fcdz =
6619.2 x 258.2 / 1.1 = 1212.64 kN Cl 7.1.2
Pdy = Ag.fcdy = 6619.2 x 258.2 / 1.1 = 1212.64 kN IS 800: 2007
Project Title: Building Design with Steel Hollow Section
Subject: Example 5 - Design of Column subjected to combined compression
and bi-axial bending
(ii) Determination of Mdz & Mdy
For Hollow Rectangular section, Resistance to lateral torsional
buckling need not to be checked separately.
Mdz = 147.03 kN-m
Mdy = 147.03 kN-m
The interaction equations to be satisfied are
P Cmy M y M
Check No. 1: Ky K LT z 1.0 Cl. 9.3.2.2
Pdy M dy M dz IS 800: 2007
Check No. 2: P Cmy M y C M
0.6 K y K z mz z 1.0
Pdz M dy M dz
(iii) Determination of C my , [Equivalent moment factor for bending
about z-z axis ] Table 18
ψz = Mz2/Mz1 = 47.59 / -61.41 = -0.775 IS 800: 2007
C my 0.6 0.4 0.4
C my = Max of (0.6 + 0.4 x -0.775 ) and 0.4
Max of 0.29 and 0.4
C my = 0.4
(iv) Determination of C mz , [Equivalent moment factor for bending
about y-y axis ]
ψy = My2 /My1 = 13.88 / -26.7 = -0.520
C mz 0 . 6 0 . 4 0 . 4
C mz = Max of (0.6 + 0.4 x -0.775 ) and 0.4
Max of 0.392 and 0.4
C mz = 0.4
Project Title: Building Design with Steel Hollow Section
Subject: Example 5 - Design of Column subjected to combined compression
and bi-axial bending
(v) Determination of CmLT, [Equivalent moment factor for bending
about z-z axis]
ψz = Mz2/Mz1 = 47.59 / -61.41 = -0.775
C mLT 0 . 6 0 . 4 0 . 4
C mLT = Max of (0.6 + 0.4 x -0.775 ) and 0.4
Max of 0.29 and 0.4
C mz = 0.4
(vi) Determination of K z , K y and K LT
Clause 9.3.2.2
IS 800: 2007
K y 1 y 0 . 2 n y 1 0 . 8 n y K z 1 z 0 .2 n z 1 0 .8 n z
0 . 1 LT n y 0 . 1n y
K LT 1 1
C mLT 0 . 25 C mLT 0 . 25
ny = P / Pdy = =187.62/1212.64 = 0.155
nz = P / Pdz =
z 1
=187.62/1212.64 = 0.155
Ky = 1+(0.526-0.2)x0.155 = 1.06
Kz = 1+(0.526-0.2)x0.155 = 1.06
LLT = 0.7 L As both flanges are restrained for SHS or RHS Section Cl. 8.2.2
LLT = 0.7 x 3000 = 2100 mm &
Table 15
0 .5
1 . 1 2
E L / ry
2
IS 800: 2007
M 1 1 LT
cr
L LT / ry 2
20 h f / r y
hf = 220 -8 = 212 mm
2 0.5
1.1x3.142 x200000 1 2100/ 86
M cr 1
2100/ 86 2
20 212/ 86
Mcr = 8840.8 kN-m
Project Title: Building Design with Steel Hollow Section
Subject: Example 5 - Design of Column subjected to combined compression
and bi-axial bending
LT b .Z pz . f y / M cr 1 . 2 Z ez . f y / M cr
λLT = Min of 1 x 521702.2 x 310 / (8840.8 x 10^6) = 0.01829
and and
1.2 x 444999 x 310 / (8840.8x10^6) = 0.01872
λLT = 0.019 < 0.4
KLT = Maxm. of 1-0.1x0.019x0.155/(0.4-0.25) or 1-0.1x0.155x (0.4- 0.25) Cl. 9.3.2.2
Maxm. of 0.999 or 0.998 IS 800: 2007
KLT = 0.999
Check No. 1:---
P C my M y Mz
Ky K LT
Pdy M dy M dz
0.155 + 1.06 x 0.4x26.7 / 147.03 + 0.999 x 61.41 / 147.03 = 0.65 < 1
Check No. 2:---
P C my M y C mz M z
0 .6 K y Kz
Pdz M dy M dz
= 0.155 + 0.6x1.06x0.4 x 26.7 / 147.03+1.06 x 0.4 x 61.41 / 147.03 = 0.21 < 1
Both creteria are met, therefore SHS220x220x8 in Yst 310 steel
is adequate against combined effects of buckling.
