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North South University: Assignment Using IBM SPS' Course Code: Bus 511.3 Course Title: Business Statistics Spring 2021

The document discusses statistics related to home sales data including variables, frequency distributions, measures of central tendency, and other descriptive statistics. It analyzes variables like township, number of bedrooms, selling price, and provides tables and interpretations of the results.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
42 views18 pages

North South University: Assignment Using IBM SPS' Course Code: Bus 511.3 Course Title: Business Statistics Spring 2021

The document discusses statistics related to home sales data including variables, frequency distributions, measures of central tendency, and other descriptive statistics. It analyzes variables like township, number of bedrooms, selling price, and provides tables and interpretations of the results.

Uploaded by

Rashìd Rana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 18

NORTH SOUTH UNIVERSITY

‘Assignment using IBM SPS’


Course code: Bus 511.3
Course title: Business Statistics
Spring 2021

Submitted by Submitted to

Khan Touhidur Rashid Rana Abdus Sattar, Ph.D

I.D : 2016309660 MBA, School of Business and Economics

North South University


Exercise: 1

a.
(I) these following variables are qualitative and quantitative:

1. Selling price is Quantitative.

2. Number of Bedrooms is quantitative.

3. Township is qualitative.

4. Garage is qualitative.

(II) Determining the level of measurement for each of the variables

1. Selling price is ratio level.

2. Number of bedrooms is ratio level.

3. Township is nominal level.

4. Garage is nominal level.

b.

Township

N Valid 82

Missing 0

2
Township

Cumulative
Frequency Percent Valid Percent Percent

Valid Mirpur 14 17.1 17.1 17.1

Banani 16 19.5 19.5 36.6

Gulshan 21 25.6 25.6 62.2

Niketan 19 23.2 23.2 85.4

Bashundhara 12 14.6 14.6 100.0

Total 82 100.0 100.0

Table: Frequency distribution table of ‘Township’

Interpretation: 25.6% of the homes have been sold in Gulshan. On the other hand, the next
highest is 23.2% which sold in Niketan. The lowest in Bashundhara. Only 14.6 % have been sold
in Bashundhara.

3
Relative Frequency table for ‘Township’

Township Frequency Relative


frequency
Mirpur 14 0.170
Banana 16 0.196
Gulshan 21 0.257
Niketan 19 0.231
Bashundhara 12 0.146
Total 82 1.000

Table: Relative Frequency table for ‘Township’.

We convert Class frequencies to Relative class frequencies to show the fraction of the total
number of observations in each class. Relative frequencies captures the relationship between a
class total & the total number of observations. Here, the fraction of homes sold at the gulshan is
0.257 found by 21 divided by 82 & the lowest fraction is 0.146 which sold at bashundhara.

C.

Here , n=82 , now we applying 2k rule

25=32, 26=64, 27=128

So, k=7, number of classes is 7.

Class interval,

i= highest value – lowest value ÷ k = 349-129÷7 = 31.42

∴ i= 40, which is divisible by 10.

4
Selling price

Class Valid Cumulative


Frequency Percent Percent Percent

100-140 2 2.4 2.4 2.4

140-180 13 15.9 15.9 18.3

180-220 27 32.9 32.9 51.2

220-260 21 25.6 25.6 76.8

260-300 13 15.9 15.9 92.7

300-340 5 6.1 6.1 98.8

340-380 1 1.2 1.2 100.0

Total 82 100.0 100.0

Table: Frequency distribution table for selling price of the homes.

Interpretation:

5
 The lowest selling price is $100 & the highest selling price is $380.
 The largest Concentration or the highest frequency is the range 180-220. So there are 26
observations.
 The selling price from home ranged between $100 and $380.
 Majority of the selling price that is 61 out of 82 where 180-300
 Only 2 sale were below 140 & only 1 is above 340.

Class f cf M(xi) fM (M-x̅) f (M-x̅)2


frequency (in
$‘000’)
100-140 2 2 120 240 -103.9 21590.42
140-180 13 15 160 2080 -63.9 53081.73
180-220 27 42 fc 200 5400 -29.9 24138.27
220-260 21 fm 63 240 5040 16.1 5443.41
260-300 13 76 280 3640 56.1 40913.73
300-340 5 81 320 1600 96.1 46176.05
340-380 1 82 360 360 136.1 18523.21

82 1680 18360 209866.82

Table: Group Data frequency distribution for ‘Selling Prices’.

Interpretation:

 The selling price is ranged from $100000 and $380000.

6
 The largest concentration or highest frequency is in the $180000 up to $220000 class.
There are 27 observations.
 Majority of the selling price, f = 27 + 21 + 13 = 61, out of 82 where in the range of
$180000 to $300000.
 Only 02 selling price were below $140000.
 Only 01 selling price were more than or above $340000.

Mean x̅ = ( Σfxi ) / n

=18360/ 82

=223.90

= $223900

Median = n / 2th position

82 / 2 = 41th

∴ L + {(n/2 – fc) ÷ fm} × i

= 180 + {(41 – 42) ÷ 21} × 40

=178.095

= $178095.24

Mode = L + (Δ1 / Δ1 + Δ2) × I = 180 + (-6 / -6 + 8 ) × 40 = 140 = 140000 ; Δ1 = f0 – f1 = 21 – 27 = –6 , Δ2


= f0 – f2 = 21 – 13 = 8

7
Variance S2 = Σ(xi- x̅)2 / n -1
Selling Price ($000)
= Σ(1680-223.90)2 / 81

= 26175.64

= $26175644.57

Standard Deviation s = √ f (M-x̅)2 / n-1

=
(√ 209866.82)/81
Mean 226.27
= 50.901
Median 219.00 = $50901

Coefficient of Skewness SK = 3 (Mean –


Median) / s Mode 180a

= 3 (223900– 178095.24) /
50901 Std. Deviation 48.007

= 2.697
Variance 2.3053
There is a Positive skewness in the
distribution.
Skewness .421

d.
Std. Error of Skewness .266

Range 220

Minimum 129

Maximum 349

Percentiles 10 172.50

20 182.80
8

25 192.50
Interpretation:

1. Mean : $226270 is the typical price from 82 selling prices.

2. Median: 50% of the selling prices were below $219000 and 50% were above it.

3. Mode: $180000 is the most appeared selling price in the series of data.

4. Range: The range is distorted because the highest value $349000 is extremely large compare
to the lowest value which is $129000 which means range is $220000.

5. Standard Deviation: Here the standard deviation $48008 which is higher so it indicates that
the data are spread out over a large range of values.

9
6. Variance: As the variance here $2305.3 is very high means that the data are well spread out
from the mean and from one another.

7 ( Q1): 25 % of the selling prices are below $192500 and 75% are above it.

8. (Q2): 50% of the selling prices are below $219000 and 50% are above it.

9. (Q3) : 75% of the selling prices are below $256500 and 50% are above it.

10. D1 : 10% of the homes sold below $172500 & 90% above it.

11.D2 : 20% of the of the selling price which is D2 are below $182800 and 70% above it.

12. D3: 30% of the of the selling price which is D3 are below $197000 and 70% above it.

14. D4: 40 % of the of the selling price which is D4 are below $211200 and 60% above it.

15. D5: 50% of the of the selling price which is D5 are below $219000 and 50% above it.

16. D6: 60% of the of the selling price which is D6 are below $231400 and 40% above it.

17.D7: 70% of the homes sold below $250000 & 30% above it.

18.D8: 80% of the homes sold below $271800 & 90% above it.

19.D9: 90% of the homes sold below 297400 & 10% above it.

20. 85th percentile (P 85): 85% of the selling prices are below $276550 and 45% are above it

21.Skewness is .421for the variable selling price. The distribution is positively week skewed as it
is .421. which is near to 1. The standard error of skewness is 26.6%.

e.

Here the mean counted from grouped data is x̅=223.90 and mean from raw data is x̅=226.27. As
raw data mean is always more appropriate and group data mean provides approximate result I
will select mean from raw data (c) which is x̅=226.27.

f.

10
Chebyshev’s theorem is concerned with any set of distribution of values can have any
shapes.90% of the selling price lie within the mean (X̄) ± two standard deviations (S). The rule
used is called “Empirical Rule”, sometimes called “Normal Rule”, which establishes the mean
relationship between Arithmetic Mean and Standard Deviation, assuming that data set has
symmetrical distribution.

Normal distribution

i. (X̄) = $226270, (S) = $48008

X̄ +2(S) = $226270 + 2× ($ 48008) = $322286

X̄ -2(S) = $226270 - 2× ($ 48008) = b$130254.

Range = $192032

95% of the selling price of homes will be within $130254 to $322286.

ii. (X̄) = $226270 (S) = $48008

X̄ -2(S) = $226270 - 2×($ 48008) =$130254.

Range = $96016.

11
47.5% of the selling price of homes will be within $130254 to $226270.

(X̄) = $226270 (S) = $48008

X̄ -2(S) = $226270 - 2×($ 48008) =$130254 , Range < $130254

2.5% of the selling price of homes will be below $$130254.

g.

An outlier is a value that is inconsistent with the rest of the data. This value can be extremely
large or small compared to rest of the data set.

For large value: Outlier > Q3 + 1.5 (Q3 – Q1)

For small value: Outlier < Q1 – 1.5 (Q3 – Q1)

Q1 = (82 + 1) / 4 Q3 = 3 × (82 + 1) / 4

Q1 = 20.75th position Q3 = 62.25th position

20.25th position: $192 + 0.75 ($193 – $192)

20.25th position: $192750

62.25th position: $258 + 0.25 ($261 – $258) [in $‘000]

62.25th position: $258750.

So, Outlier > $258750+ 1.5 ($258750 – $192750)

Outlier > $357750

Outlier > $357.75

Outlier < $192750 – 1.5 ($258750– $192750)

Outlier < $93750

Outlier < $93.75

12
There is no outlier from the lower and upper part in the Selling prices of Homes.

Excercise:2

Chart 1: Bar Diagram for ‘Township’.

Interpretation: Bar chart is use for representing the qualitative data . here Township is a
qualitative variable. In the bar , the highest homes is 21 have been sold at gulshan. The majority
of the homes 56 out of 82 have been sold in gulshan , niketan & banani. The lowest is 12 homes
have been sold at bashundhara.

13
Chart 2: Pie chart for ‘Township’.

Interpretation: Pie chart is use for representing the qualitative data in percentages. here,
Township is a qualitative variable. In the bar , the highest homes is 25.61% have been sold at
gulshan. The majority of the homes 68.29% out of 100% have been sold in gulshan , niketan &
banani. The lowest is 14.63 % homes have been sold at bashundhara.

Exercise:3

Senior Citizens 18 32 33 40 45 47 53 58
74 77 80 80 82 87 88

14
Young Adults 28 31 37 40 41 42 49 50
51 55 57 59 82 84 86

a.

Senior Citizens Young Adults

Mean (X̄) = 59.06 Mean (X̄) = 52.80


Standard Deviation (s) =22.21 Standard Deviation (s) = 17.84
C.V: (s / X̄) × 100 C.V: (s / X̄) × 100
C.V: (22.21 / 59.06) × 100 C.V: (17.84 / 52.80) × 100
C.V: 37.60% C.V: 33.79%

Since, 33.79% < 37.60%, the variation of CDs owned by Young Adult is less than that of Senior
Citizens.

b.

i. Lower quartile(Q1) = (1(n+1)/4) th position

= 4th position

=40

Upper quartile (Q3) =3((n+1)/4)th position.

=3((15+1)/4)th position

=48/4 th position

=12th position

= 59

15
75% of the CDs owned by Young Adults are below 59 & 25% are above it.

ii. Third Decile (D3) = 4.8th position

4.8th position: 40 + 0.8 (41 – 40) = 40.8

30% of the CDs owned by Young Adults are below 40.8 & 70% are above it.

iii. IQR: Q3 – Q1= 59 – 40 = 19, 19 is the variation of the middle 50% of the CDs owned by
Young Adults.

Iv. Median shall be calculated to find the appropriate measure of central tendency. Median is not
affected by extremely large or small values.

So, Median: 50

Exercise :4

Name : Khan Touhidur Rashid Rana

I.D. 2016309660

Here , we can find gpa and cgpa by using weighetd mean.

A 4 93%

A- 3.7 90-92%

B+ 3.3 88%

B 3 85%

B- 2.7 81%

C+ 2.3 78%

16
C- 1.7 75%

D+ 1.3 68%

D 1

F 0

I 0

W 0

R 0

Course Grade (x) credits (w) x.w

Business Mathematics C+ 2.3/78% 3 6.9


Accounting Principles B- 2.7/ 81% 3 8.1
Communication Skills B- 2.7 / 81% 0 0
for Managers
Computer Information Systems C+ 2.3 3 6.9
Organizational Behavior C+ 2.3 3 6.9
Human Resource Management C+ 2.3 3 6.9
Statistics A 4 / 93% 3 12
Principles of accounting A 4/ 93% 3 12

18

∑( x . w)
X̄ =
∑w

17
(x 1. w 1+ x 2. w 2+ x 3. w 3+ x 4. w 4 + x 5. w 5+ x 6. w 6+ x 7.w 7 + x 8. w 8)
= w 1+ w 2+w 3+ w 4 +w 5+ w 6+w 7 +w 8

∴ GPA= spring 20 2.5 CGPA = 2.842857 .(following the excel sheet)

Fall20 2.3

Spring 21 4

-------------

18

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