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Shashank
1907069
EMP lab practical MICHELSON'S INTERFEROMETER
AIM:
1) Alignment of Michelson's Interferometer using He-Ne laser to observe concentric
circular fringes.
2) Measurement of the wavelength of He-Ne Laser and Na lamp using circular
fringes.
APPARATUS:
interferometer apparatus, Helium-Neon laser, Vernier calipers, mirrors, screen
THEORY:
The instruments based upon the principle of interference are called interferometers.
These are basic optical tools used to precisely measure wavelength, distance, index of
refraction, and temporal coherence of optical beams etc. It is an amplitude-splitting
interferometers devised by Albert Michelson in 1890, the first American physicist to receive
the Nobel Prize (1907 for work in optics). Michelson and Morley used this interferometer in
their celebrated series of experiments designed to demonstrate the existence of the ether. It
is
still an important instrument in today's laboratories and it is being widely used as an
instrument for measuring the wavelength of an unknown light source, to measure
extremely
small distance and for investigating optical media.
PROCEDURE:
Choose laser, select "He-Ne Laser”. then "Power on" the laser source. you will see, blurred
fringe pattern. Use "adjust mirror”, to make sharp the fringes. then use "Adjust Micrometer",
to displace the fringes. count each bright fringe at center be 1 fringe. then next bright fringe
at center, count as second fringe. or you can perform experiment by counting dark fringes
besides bright fringes. count 100 fringes, and write down the "circular scale reading" of
micrometer at 100th fringe.
use formula
total reading(d) = (Pitch of scale) + (Circular scale reading)*(Least count)
Least count is (0.001)mm
calculate wavelength of light
CALCULATIONS:
Wavelength of light = 2(d)/(N)
where N is number of fringes calculated. i calculated 100 fringes.
N= 100
circular scale reading is 27 Michelson Interferometer
Mirror1
Mirror 2
Beam Splitter
Half Silvered Mirror pitch of scale = 0
Least count = 0.001 mm
+ 27(0.001)
.027
Wavelength = 2(0.027)/(100) = 0.00054 mm
1mm=1000000nm
wavelength = (0.00054)*(1000000)nm.
wavelength = 540nm
actual wavelength is 543nm
percentage error = (543-540)(100)/(543) = (0.55)% error
PRECAUTION:
1) Direct eye exposure to laser should be avoided.
2) Observing laser interference fringes by reflecting mirror is prohibited.
3) count either dark or bright fringe. don't count both togetherly.
RESULT:
we calculated wavelength = 540nm
percentage error in measurement = 0.55% error Armita lab link is
https://vlab.amrita.edu/?
sub=1 &brch=189&sim=1106&cnt=4
