20EEE653

Advanced Industrial Automation and

Building Automation
Credits: 3:0:0

Date: 23.03.2021

Lecture 1
Need of SCADA systems, features of SCADA
Module : 1 : Introduction to Advanced PLC and SCADA
Course Instructor

Dr. Vinoth Kumar. K M.Tech., Ph.D., SMIEEE

Associate Professor
Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

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9944808092 / dr.vinothkumar@newhorizonindia.edu
Course Outcome , At the end of the semester, the student will be able to
CO1 Understand the architecture of an advanced industrial automation system and SCADA
CO2 Analyse and configure connections between elements of an advanced or a building automation system.
CO3 Analyse and configure the fire alarm system the components

CO4 Analyse and configure connections of CCTV and access control system
CO5 Understand the various security system for home automation
CO6 Design and Develop a basic CBUS application for building application management.

COURSE SYLLABUS
Module Now Contents of Module Hrs Co’s

Introduction to Advanced PLC and SCADA:

Need of SCADA systems, features of SCADA, Block diagram of SCADA, Function of SCADA, Network Protocols,
Protocol standards, Serial Communication – Device Net – Control Net – EthernetRS232, RS48, Modbus – Fieldbus –
Probus - Subnetting – Subnet mask - File transfer protocol.
1 Practical activities: 9 CO1
o PLC interface to SCADA using communication links RS232, RS48s and protocols (Modbus ASCII RTU)
o Advanced PLC applications
o SCADA Applications using energy management system (drives, …)
o Application with Citect SCADA
Introduction to Building management system and energy management systems:
Concept and application of Building Management System (BMS) and Automation, requirements and design
considerations and its effect on functional efficiency of building automation system, architecture and components of
BMS.-Functions of EMS and Block diagram of EMS CO2
2 9 CO6
Practical activities:
o Design of a EMS and BMS
o Configuration of a EMS and BMS
o Applications with Schneider Software
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COURSE SYLLABUS

Module Now Contents of Module Hrs Co’s

Fire alarm systems:

Applications, FASarchitecture: Types of Architecture and Examples.Fire Alarm SystemDevices and Standards
Practical activities: Fire- Fire Alarm System‐The History, Need for Fire Alarm System, Basic Fire Alarm System,
Classification of Fire Alarm System, Conventional Fire Alarm System, Addressable Fire Alarm System, Principles of
Operations, Panel Components, Its
3 9 CO3
Practical activities:
o Design of a fire alarm system
o Configuration of a fire alarm system
o Applications with Schneider control panel and software tools
CCTV and access control systems:
Access Components, Access control system Design and Standards. CCTV: Camera: Operation & types, Camera
Selection Criteria, Camera Applications, DVR Based system, DVM, Network design, Storage design. Components of
CCTV system like cameras, types of lenses, typical types of cables, controlling system standards.
4 9 CO4
Practical activities:
o Design of a basic CCTV and access control system
o Configuration of a basic CCTV and access control system
o Applications with Schneider control panel and software tools
Home automation systems:
Home automation system necessity-block diagram of home automation system-Introduction to Security Systems,
Concepts-Components, Technology, Advanced Applications. Security Design-Concept of automation in access control
system for safety, Physical security system with components, RFID enabled access control with components -Standards
CO5
5 for communication: CBUS – KNX, 9
CO4
Practical activities:
o Design and configuration of a pre-programming home automation system,
o Programming of a home automation system using Schneider software tools and C-Bus protocol.

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 Major Topics
Introduction to Advanced PLC and
SCADA

Introduction to Building management

system and energy management
systems

Fire alarm systems

CCTV and access control systems

Home automation systems

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 Textbook

1. Intelligent Building Systems by Albert Ting-Pat So, WaiLok Chan, Kluwer

Academic publisher,3rd ed., 2012
2. PLCs & SCADA: Theory and Practice by Rajesh Mehra, edition2018
3. Design of Special Hazards and Fire Alarm Systems by Robert Gagnon,
Thomson Delmar Learning; 2nd edition, 2007.
4. Turner, W. C, “ Energy Management Handbook”, 5 th Edition, 2004
5. Handschin, E. “Energy Management Systems”, Springer Verlag, 1990.

Reference books:
1. The High Performance HMI Handbook 1st Edition, by Bill Hollifield (Author), Dana
Oliver (Author), Ian Nimmo (Author), Eddie Habibi (Author).
2. Understanding Building Automation Systems (Direct Digital Control, Energy
Management, Life Safety, Security, Access Control, Lighting, Building Management
Programs) by Reinhold A. Carlson, Robert A. Di Giandomenico, pub. by R.S. Means
Company, 1991

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 Assessment Pattern

CIE - Continuous Internal Evaluation(50 Marks)

Bloom’s Taxonomy Tests Assignments Quizzes CO-Curricular

Marks (Out of 50) 25 Marks 10 Marks 5 Marks 10 Marks

Remember 5 1 1 -
Understand 6 3 1 -
Apply 5 4 1 10
Analyze - 2 1 -
Evaluate - - 1 -
Create 9 - - -

SEE - Semester End Examination (50 Marks)

Bloom’s Category Marks Theory (50)
Remember 5
Understand 10
Apply 10
Analyze 10
Evaluate 5
Create 10 6
A SCADA system is a collection of both software
and hardware components that allow supervision
and control of plants, both locally and remotely.

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SCADA Historical Review

– The 1950s
• Gas and oil, utilities,
and manufacturing were
major users of these new
technologies and
supervisory control.
– The 1960s
• About a decade later,
telemetry came on the
scene to offer even more
remote capabilities with
automated
communication and data
transmission to remote
monitoring locations.

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– The 1970s
Another decade later the term SCADA was
used to describe systems with PLCs and
microprocessors that were being used for the
monitoring and control of automated
processes on an even greater scale than ever
before. SCADA, back then, was anything but
practical.
They were colossal machines, mainframes
really, and since networking was not yet in the
picture, they were stand-alone units.

– The 1990s
In the next couple of decades, the ’80s and
90s, with computer systems getting smaller,
the advent of Local Area Networking (LAN),
and HMI software, SCADA systems were
able to connect to related systems.

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– The 1990s and 2000s
Later in the ’90s and 2000s, SCADA
began to implement open system
architectures with communication
protocols that were not vendor specific.
As you can imagine, this opened up
SCADA’s ability to connect with
varying vendors. This newer, more
improved SCADA was then called a
networked SCADA system.

With computer technology growing rapidly,

IT development quickly gathered steam.
The default database for IT became
Structured Query Language (SQL)
databases.

SCADA developers didn’t implement these

standard databases so SCADA became out
of date rather quickly when other
technologies so rapidly changed.

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Today

 Current day SCADA systems have adapted to the changing technologies and have a great advantage over the older SCADA systems.

 With the adoption of modern IT standards such as SQL and web-based applications, today’s SCADA allows for real-time plant information to
be accessed from anywhere around the world.

 Having this data at the operator’s fingertips facilitates improved plant operations allowing for responses to SCADA system queues based on
field collected data and system analysis.

 These operator interactions can be from a computer right on the plant floor to an office building in some other region in the world.

 Advancing technologies have indeed made the world seem like a very small place, relatively speaking. And because the current SCADA
system software has typically adopted the SQL database model, historical collection of data may be logged and used in trending applications
to further improve plant processes as well as creating mandated record keeping for some of the industries out there. 11
BASICS OF SCADA
A SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) is an automation control system that is
used in industries such as energy, oil and gas, water, power, and many more.
The system has a centralized system that monitors and controls entire sites, ranging from an
industrial plant to a complex of plants across the country. A SCADA system works by
operating with signals that communicate via channels to provide the user with remote controls
of any equipment in a given system. It also implements a distributed database, or tag database,
that contains tags or points throughout the plant.
These points represent a single input or output value that is monitored or controlled by the
SCADA system in the centralized control room. The points are stored in the distributed
database as value-timestamp pairs. It's very common to set up the SCADA systems to also
acquire metadata, such as programmable logic controller (PLC) register paths and alarm
statistics.

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Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is a system of software and hardware elements that allows industrial
organizations to:
• Control industrial processes locally or at remote locations
• Monitor, gather, and process real-time data
• Directly interact with devices such as sensors, valves, pumps, motors, and more through human-machine interface (HMI)
software
• Record events into a log file

There are five essential composing parts of a SCADA system:

1. Human Machine Interface (HMI)
2. supervisory system
3. Remote Terminal Units (RTUs)
4. Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)
5. communication infrastructures

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• The HMI processes data from each tag and sends it to a
human operator, where he or she then can monitor or
control the system.
• The supervisory system gathers the data sent from each
tag and sends commands or operations to the process.
• The RTUs connect sensors and convert their signals to
digital data and send it to the supervisory system, where
it can be stored in a distributed database. PLCs are used
as field devices because they are much more versatile
and economical than process-specific RTUs. Finally, the
communication infrastructure delivers connectivity to
the supervisory system and then to the RTUs and PLCs
for the user to command.
• The communication infrastructure is necessary to relay
data from remote RTU/PLCs, which run along electric
grids, water supplies, and pipelines. Communication is
the absolute most essential link for a SCADA system to
operate properly; however, how well the system
manages communication from HMI to RTUs and PLCs
fundamentally determines how successful a SCADA
system can be. Below is a figure of what a basic SCADA
system might look like for a given infrastructure.
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 RTUs and PLCs are microprocessors that
communicate and interact with field devices
such as valves, pumps, and HMIs.
That communication data is routed from the
processors to the SCADA computers, where the
Human Machine Interface (HMI) software software interprets and displays the data
facilitates interaction with field devices such as allowing for operators to analyze and react to
pumps, valves, motors, sensors, etc. system events.
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 Before SCADA, plant personnel had to monitor and control industrial processes via selector
switches, push buttons, and dials for analog signals.
This meant that plants had to maintain personnel on site, during production, in order to control
the processes.
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 Need of SCADA systems
1. Alarm Handling
2. Trend Curves Patterns
3. Data Access and Retrieval
4. Computer Networking and Processing

Alarms Handling
Alarm handling consists essentially of time stamped alarms to 1 millisecond precision. Single network acknowledgment and control of alarms
with Sharing and Displaying of Alarms to all clients in chronological order.
It performs Dynamic allocation of alarm pages and keeps track of deviation and rate of change monitoring for analog alarms. It has the option
of Historical alarm and event logging. It is capable of performing On-line alarm disable and threshold modification with the option of
preparing Event-triggered alarms and Alarm-triggered reports

Trends
Trend curves and patterns consists of Trend zooming and display of data. It performs Export and Archiving of historical trend data with Event
based trends for Short and long term trend display. It has the option of On-line change of time-base and retrieval of archived historical trend
data.

Real Time access and archiving and database Management

Real time access and data retrieval consists of Direct, real-time access to data by any network user as well as Third-party access to real-time
data. It has Network compatibility for read, write and exec to all I/O device points. Support for Direct SQL commands or high level reporting.

Computer Networking and processing

Computer Networking and processing aspect of supports all compatible networks and protocols. It has Centralized alarm, trend and report
processing – data available from anywhere in the network and Dual networks for full LAN redundancy. Open architecture design with Real-
time multitasking are important features with Client/server fully supported with Distributed project updates and Concurrent support of multiple
display nodes. 17
 Benefits of SCADA System

1. Increased life of the equipment being used by through immediate

knowledge of system performance.
2. Reduced labor costs required for troubleshooting or service.
3. Increased compliance with regulatory agencies through automated report
generating.
4. No requirement of large capital investment.
5. Many automation companies are using the SCADA to provide access to
real-time data display, alarming, trending, and reporting from remote
equipment.
6. It gives the flexibility to choose equipment and systems based on
performance rather than compatibility with installed base.

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 Advantages of SCADA

1. Monitor from a remote location 24/7

2. Reduce costs – normally associated with man-power
3. Having a reliable automated system working 24/7
4. Logging of data
5. If well designed, a user friendly interface
6. Visualize whole process of factory or machine which makes easy for operators.
7. Log Data Events
8. Log Alarms
9. Visualize and Log Trends of analog/Digitals signals.
10. Communications with third party software
11. Click-click/Touch operations of start/stop of machines.
12. Easy to see /change variables of machines/process.

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