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Microprocessor Evolution and
types
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Contents
Introduction
4-bit Microprocessors
8-bit Microprocessors
16-bit Microprocessors
32-bit Microprocessors
64-bit Microprocessors
Types of Microprocessors
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Introduction
➢ Fairchild Semiconductors (founded in 1957)
➢ Invented the first IC in 1959.
➢ In
1968, Robert Noyce, Gordan Moore, Andrew Grove resigned from
Fairchild Semiconductors.
➢ They founded their own company Intel (Integrated Electronics).
➢ Intel grown from 3 man start-up in 1968
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4-BIT
MICROPROCESSORS
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INTEL 4004 ➢ Introduced in 1971.
➢ It was the first microprocessor by Intel.
➢ It was a 4-bit µP.
➢ Its clock speed was 740KHz.
➢ It had 2,300 transistors.
➢ It could execute around 60,000
instructions per second.
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INTEL 4040
➢ Introduced in 1974.
➢ It was also 4-bit µP.
6
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8-BIT
MICROPROCESSORS
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INTEL 8008
➢ Introduced in 1972.
➢ It was first 8-bit µP.
➢ Its clock speed was 500 KHz.
➢ Could execute 50,000 instructions
per second.
8
INTEL 8080 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLqisrLSFbMDIToRo6KCX2RARjofFGJ4BP
➢ Introduced in 1974.
➢ It was also 8-bit µP.
➢ Its clock speed was 2 MHz
➢ It had 6,000 transistors.
➢ Was 10 times faster than 8008.
➢ Could execute 5,00,000 instructions
per second.
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➢ Introduced in 1976.
INTEL 8085
➢ It was also 8-bit µP.
➢ Its clock speed was 3 MHz.
➢ Its data bus is 8-bit and address bus is 16-bit.
➢ It had 6,500 transistors.
➢ Could execute 7,69,230 instructions per second.
➢ It could access 64 KB of
memory.
➢ It had 246 instructions.
10
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16-BIT
MICROPROCESSORS
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Introduced in 1978.
INTEL 8086 ➢ It was first 16-bit µP.
➢ Its clock speed is 4.77 MHz, 8 MHz and
10 MHz, depending on the version.
➢ Its data bus is 16-bit and address bus is
20-bit.
➢ It had 29,000 transistors.
➢ Could execute 2.5 million instructions
per second.
➢ It could access 1 MB of memory.
➢ It had 22,000 instructions.
➢ It had Multiply and Divide instructions.
INTEL 8088 https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLqisrLSFbMDIToRo6KCX2RARjofFGJ4BP
➢ Introduced in 1979.
➢ It was also 16-bit µP.
➢ It was created as a cheaper
version of Intel’s 8086.
➢ It was a 16-bit processor with an 8-bit
external bus.
INTEL 80186 & 80188
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➢ Introduced in 1982.
➢ They were 16-bit µPs.
➢ Clock speed was 6 MHz.
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INTEL 80286
➢ Introduced in 1982.
➢ It was 16-bit µP.
➢ Its clock speed was 8 MHz.
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32-BIT
MICROPROCESSORS
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INTEL 80386
➢ Introduced in 1986.
➢ It was first 32-bit µP.
➢ Its data bus is 32-bit and address bus is 32-
bit.
➢ It could address 4 GB of memory.
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INTEL 80486
➢ Introduced in 1989.
➢ It was also 32-bit µP.
➢ It had 1.2 million transistors.
➢ Its clock speed varied from 16 MHz to 100
MHz depending upon the various versions.
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INTEL PENTIUM
➢ Introduced in 1993.
➢ It was also 32-bit µP.
➢ It was originally named 80586.
➢ Its clock speed was 66 MHz
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INTEL PENTIUM PRO
➢ Introduced in 1995.
➢ It was also 32-bit µP.
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INTEL PENTIUM II
➢ Introduced in 1997.
➢ It was also 32-bit µP.
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INTEL PENTIUM II XEON
➢ Introduced in 1998.
➢ It was also 32-bit µP.
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INTEL PENTIUM III
➢ Introduced in 1999.
➢ It was also 32-bit µP.
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INTEL PENTIUM IV
➢ Introduced in 2000.
➢ It was also 32-bit µP.
➢ Introduced in 2006.
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INTEL DUAL CORE ➢ It is 32-bit or 64-bit µP.
➢ It has two cores.
➢ Both the cores have there
own internal bus and L1
cache, but share the
external bus and L2 cache
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64-BIT
MICROPROCESSORS
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INTEL CORE 2
➢ Introduced in 2006.
➢ It is a 64-bit µP.
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INTEL CORE I7
➢ Introduced in 2008.
➢ It is a 64-bit µP.
INTEL CORE I5
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➢ Introduced in 2009.
➢ It is a 64-bit µP.
INTEL CORE I3
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➢ Introduced in 2010.
➢ It is a 64-bit µP.
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Types of microprocessor
There are basically 5 kinds of microprocessors namely:
Complex Instruction Set Microprocessors: They are also called as CISM in
short and they categorize a micro processor in which orders can be executed
together along with other low-level activities. It mainly performs the task of
uploading, downloading and recalling data into and from the memory card.
Apart from that it also does complex mathematical calculations within a
single command.
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Types of microprocessor
Reduced Instruction Set Microprocessor:
This processor is also called as RISC. These kinds of chips are made
according to the function in which the microprocessor can carry out small
things within a particular command. In this way it completes more commands
at a faster rate.
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Types of microprocessor
Superscalar Processors: This is a processor that copies the hardware on the
microprocessor for performing numerous tasks at a time. They can be used
for arithmetic and as multipliers. They have several operational units and thus
carry out more than a one command by constantly transmitting various
instructions to the superfluous operational units inside the processor.
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Types of microprocessor
The Application Specific Integrated Circuit:
This processor is also known as ASIC.
They are used for specific purposes that comprises of automotive emissions
control or personal digital assistants' computer.
This kind of processor is made with proper specification but apart from that it
can also be made using the off the shelf gears
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Types of microprocessor
Digital Signal Multiprocessors:
Also called as DSP’s, these are used for encoding and decoding videos or to
convert the digital and video to analog and analog to digital.
They need a microprocessor that is excellent in mathematical calculations.
The chips of this processor are employed in SONAR, RADAR, home theaters
audio gears, Cell phones and TV set top boxes.
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