Numerical Computing Linear Programming Instructor: Miss Urooj

Linear
Programing
A linear programing model, has three basic concepts
 Decision variables that we seek to determine.
 Objective (goal) that we need to optimize (maximize or minimize)
 Constrains that the solution must satisfy

Properties of linear programing Models

Objective and constrains are all linear functions. And linearity implies that the LP must satisfy
three basic properties
 Proportionality
 Additivity
 Certainty

Practice Problems
1. A firm produces three products. These products are processed on three different
machines. The time required to manufacture one unit of each of the three products and
the daily capacity of the three machines are given as:
Machine Time per unit (minutes) Machine capacity (minutes per day)
Product-1 Product-2 Product-3
M1 2 3 2 440
M2 4 ---- 3 470
M3 2 5 --- 430

It is required to determine the daily number of units to be manufactured for each product.
The profit per unit for product 1, 2 and 3 is Rs.4, 3 and 6 respectively. It is assumed that all
the amounts produced are consumed in the market.

2. An advertising company wishes to plan its advertising strategy in three different media
television, radio and magazines. The purpose of advertising is to reach as large a number
of potential customers as possible. Following data has been obtained from market survey.
Television Radio Mag-1 Mag-2
Cost of an advertising unit Rs.30,000 Rs.20,000 Rs.15,000 Rs.10,000
No. of potential customers 200,000 600,000 150,000 100,000
reached per unit
No. of female customers 150,000 400,000 70,000 50,000
reached per unit.
The company wants to spend no more than Rs.450, 000 on advertising. Following are the
further requirements that must be met:
 At least 1 million exposures take place among female customers.
 Advertising on magazines be limited to Rs.150, 000.
 At least 3 advertising units be bought on mag-1 and 2 units on mag-2.
 The number of advertising units on television and radio each should be between 5 and
10.

1|P age
Numerical Computing Linear Programming Instructor: Miss Urooj

3. A firm produces an alloy having the following specification:

I. Specific gravity ≤ 0.98
II. Chromium ≥ 8%
III. Melting point ≥ 450 𝑜𝐶
Raw material A, B and C having the properties shown in the table can be used to make the alloy.
Properties of raw material
Property
A B C
Specific gravity 0.92 0.97 1.04
Chromium 7% 13% 16%
𝑜 𝑜
Melting point 440 𝐶 490 𝐶 480 𝑜𝐶

Costs of the various raw materials per ton are: Rs. 90 for A, Rs. 280 for B, and Rs. 40 for C.
Formulate the L.P. model to find the proportions in which A, B, C be used to obtain an alloy of desired
properties while cost of raw material is minimum.

4. A company has two grades of inspectors 1 and 2 to undertake quality control inspection.
At least 1500 pieces must be inspected in an 8-hour day. Grade-1 inspector can check 20
pieces in an hour with an accuracy of 96%. Grade-2 inspector checks 14 pieces an hour
with accuracy 92%. The daily wages of grade-1 inspector are Rs.5/- per hour while those
of grade-2 inspector are Rs.4/- per hour. Any error made by an inspector costs Rs.3/- to
the company. If there are in all 10 grade-1 inspectors and 15 grade-2 inspectors in the
company, find the optimal assignment of inspectors that minimize the daily inspection
cost.

5. A company wants to plan the next week’s production of its three products A, B, and C.
These products are made on three machines_ lathes, drills and grinders. Time available on
lathes, drills and grinders for the next week is 200 hrs. 250 hrs and 300 hrs respectively
the products can be made through different alternative routes shown in the table below. The sell
in the market at Rs.20, Rs.15, and Rs.25 respectively.
 Formulate the LP model assuming unlimited market demand for the products.
 There is a fixed order of 250 units of A, 200 units of B, and 150 units of C.
 If not more than 200 units of C can be sold in the market, what modification required
in the model.
 If there is possibility of using overtime, how can it be taken into consideration?

Machines Product A Product B Product C Machine

Route Route Route Hours
I II III I II I II III Available
Lathes 0.5 0.7 0.3 ---- 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.3 200
Drills 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 0.3 0.7 0.4 0.1 250
Grinders 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 ---- 300

2|P age
Numerical Computing Linear Programming Instructor: Miss Urooj

6. A person wants to decide the constituents of diet, which will fulfill his daily requirements
of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates at the minimum cost. The choice is to be made from
four different types of food. The yields per unit of these foods are given as follows.

Cost per unit

Food type Yield per unit
Proteins Fats Carbohydrates (Rs.)
1 3 2 6 45
2 4 2 4 40
3 8 7 7 85
4 6 5 4 65
Min.
800 200 700 --------------
Requirement
Formulate a linear programming model for the problem
7. A dairy feed company may purchase and mix one or more of the three types of grains
containing different amounts of nutritional elements. The data is given in the table below.
The production manager specifies that any feed mix for his livestock must meet at least
minimal nutritional requirements and seeks the least costly among all such mixes.

One Unit Weight of

Item Grain-I Grain-II Grain- Minimal
III Req.
Nutritional A 2 3 7 1,250
Ingredients B 1 1 0 250
C 5 3 0 900
D 6 25 1 232.5
Cost/unit weight 41 35 96
(Re.)

Analyze the situation to recognize the key decision, objective, alternative and restrictions.
Formulate the linear programming model for the problem.
8. A farmer has a 100 acre farm. He can sell all the tomatoes, lettuces or radishes he can
raise. The price he can obtain is Re.1 per kg of tomatoes, Re. 0.75 a head for lettuce and Re.
2 per kg for radishes. The average yield per acre is 2,000 kg of tomatoes, 3,000 heads of
lettuce and 1,000 kg of radishes. Fertilizer is available at 0.50 per kg. And the amount
required per acre is 100 kg. Each for tomatoes and lettuce and 50 kg for radishes. Labor
required for sowing, cultivating and harvesting per acre is 5 man-days for tomatoes and
radishes and 6 man-days for lettuce. A total of 400 man days of labor are available at Re.
20 per man-day. Formulate the LP model for this problem in order to maximize the
profitability of the farmer.

3|P age
Numerical Computing Linear Programming Instructor: Miss Urooj

9. A manufacturer of metal office equipment makes desks, chairs, cabinets and book cases.
The work is carried out in three major departments, metal stamping, assembly, and
finishing. The exhibits A, B, and C give requisite data of the problem.

Exhibit A
Time required in hrs per unit of product.
Products
Department Desk Chair Cabinet Book Case Hrs. Available /week
Stamping 4 2 3 3 800
Assembly 10 6 8 7 1,200
Finishing 10 8 8 8 800

Exhibit B
Cost of operation (Re.) per unit of product.
Products
Department Desk Chair Cabinet Book Case
Stamping 15 8 24 21
Assembly 30 18 24 21
Finishing 35 28 25 21
Exhibit C
Selling price (Re.) per unit of
product.
Products Price
Desk 175
Chair 95
Cabinet 145
Book Case 130
In order to maximize the weekly profits what should be the production plan? Assume that
the items produced can be sold. Which department needs to be expanded for increasing
profits?

10. A firm manufactures two items. It purchases castings which are then machined, bored and
polished. Casting for item A and B cost Rs. 2 and Rs. 3respectively and sold at Rs. 5 and Rs.
6 each respectively. Running costs of the three machines are Rs. 20, Rs. 14 and Rs. 17.50
per hours respectively. Capacities of the machines are

Part A Part B
Machine Capacity 25/hr 40/hr
Boring capacity 28/hr 35/hr
Polishing capacity 35/hr 25/hr

Formulate the LP model to determine the product mix that maximize the profit.

4|P age
Numerical Computing Linear Programming Instructor: Miss Urooj

11. A plant manufactures washing machines and dryers. The major manufacturing
departments are the stamping department, motor and transmission department, and
assembly department. The first two departments produce parts for both the products
while the assembly lines are different for the two products. The monthly department
capacities are:

Availability Data
Department Capacity
Stamping 1,000 washers or 1,000
dryers
Motor and 1,600 washers or 7,000
Transmission dryers
Washer assembly 9,000 washers
Dryer assembly 5,000 dryers
Profits per piece of washers and dryers are Re. 2,700 and Re. 3,000 respectively.
Formulate the LP model.

12. The Delhi florist company is planning to make up floral arrangements for the upcoming
festival. The company has available the following supply of the flowers at the costs shown:

Type Number Available Cost per flower (Rs.)

Red Roses 800 0.20
Gardenias 456 0.25
Carnations 4,000 0.15
White Roses 920 0.20
Yellow Roses 422 0.22

The flowers can be used in any of the four popular arrangements whose make up and
selling prices are as follows.

Arrangements Requirements Selling price

Economy 4 Red Roses Rs. 6
2 Gardenias
8 Carnations
Maytime 8 White Roses Rs. 8
5 Gardenias
10 Carnations
4 yellow Roses
Spring color 9 Red Roses Rs. 10
10 Carnations
9 White Roses
6 yellow Roses
Deluxe-Rose 12 Red Roses Rs. 12
12 White Roses
12 yellow Roses
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Numerical Computing Linear Programming Instructor: Miss Urooj

Formulate the linear programming problem which allow the florist company to determine
how many units of each arrangement should be make up in order to maximize profits
assuming all arrangements can be sold.

13. A paper mill produces rolls of paper used in making cash registers. Each roll of the paper
is 100m in length and can be used in width of 3, 4, 6 and 10cm. The company’s production
process results in rolls that are 24cm in width. Thus the company must cut its 24cm roll to
the desired widths. It has six basic cutting alternatives as follows.

Width of rolls (cm) Waste

Cutting Alternatives
3 4 6 10 (cm)
1 4 3 - - -
2 - 3 2 - -
3 1 1 1 1 1
4 - - 2 1 2
5 - 4 1 - 2
6 3 2 1 -

The minimum demand for the four rolls is as follows:

Rolls width (cm) Demand

2 2,000
4 3,600
6 1,600
10 500
The paper mill wishes to minimize the waste resulting from trimming to size. Formulate
the L.P. model.

6|P age