1. Which among the following quantities are to be determined in voltage controlled bus?

a. P and Q
b. Q and |V|
c. |V| and δ
d. Q and δ

2. Which among these quantities are to be determined in slack bus?

a. P and Q
b. Q and |V|
c. |V| and δ
d. Q and δ

3. Which among the following quantities are specified at the generator bus?
a. P and Q
b. P and |V|
c. Q and |V|
d. P and δ

4.Which among the following quantities are specified at the load bus?
a. P and Q
b. P and |V|
c. Q and |V|
d. P and δ

5. Why are load flow studies carried out?

a. To study of stability of the system
b. For fault calculations
c. For planning the power system
d. All of these

6.․ Advantages of gauss siedel method is/are

a) calculation time for each iteration is less

b) number of iterations are less
c) applicable for large power system network
d) all of the above

7. Normally Z bus matrix is a

null matrix
sparse matrix
full matrix
unit matrix
8. For n bus power system size of Y bus matrix is

(n-1)×(n-1)
(n-2)×(n-2)
n×n
(n-1)×(n-2)

9. Which of the following matrix is used for load flow studies?

Y bus matrix
Z bus matrix
Unit matrix
null matrix

10. The value of off diagonal elements is

which is connected between bus i and bus j with negative sign

which is connected between bus i and bus j with positive sign
sum of admittances connected at bus i
sum of admittances connected at bus j

11.For accurate load flow calculations on large power systems, the best method is

N-R method
G-S method
Decoupled method

12. The transient instabilities can occur in a system by ___________

a) Sudden load changes

b) Switching operation
c) Faults
d) Suddenn load changes, switching operation and faults

13. If the torque angle of the alternator increases indefinitely the system will show:

a) Steady state stability limit

b) Transient state stability limit
c) Instability
d) None of the above

14. What is / are the major assumptions made in the calculation of swing equations?
a. Damper windings are neglected
b. The machine is lossless
c. The machine has to run at synchronous speed
d. Both (a) and (b)

15. What kind of differential equation is swing equation?

a. Linear second order
b. Non linear first order
c. Linear first order
d. Non linear second order

16. What information does the swing curve provide?

a. Stability of the system.
b. Performance of the machine
c. The rotor performance
d. All of these
e. None of these

17. What are the main applications of the swing curves?

a. Designing the rotor field windings
b. Designing the protective devices
c. Used to limit the size of the machine
d. All of these

18. What is power angle equation of synchronous machines?

a. An equation between electrical power generated to the angular displacement of the rotor
b. An equation between mechanical power generated to the angular displacement of the
rotor
c. An equation between electrical power generated to the angular displacement of stator
windings
d. An equation between mechanical power generated to the angular displacement of stator
windings

19. The Critical Clearance time of a fault in the power system is related to
a) Reactive power limit
b) Short Circuit limit
c) Steady state stability limit
d) Transient stability limit

20. At what value of ‘δ’ the maximum power transfer takes place?
a. 45 °
b. 90 °
c. 120 °
d. 180 °

21. The synchronous machine is operating at a normal condition at the generating system,
then the angle between rotor axis and the stator magnetic axis is _____________
a) Load angle
b) Power factor angle
c) Impedance angle
d) None of the mentioned

22. Post a three phase fault that occurs in a system, then its transient stability can be
examined using ___________
a) solution of swing equation
b) equal area criterion
c) solution of swing equation and equal area criterion
d) solution of swing equation or equal area criterion

23. The inertia constant of the two machines which are not swinging together are M1 and
M2. The equivalent inertia constant of the system is:
a) M1-M2
b) M1+M2
c) M1M2/(M1+M2)
d) M1M2/(M1-M2)

24. commonly used numerical techniques for the solution of the swing equation are:
a. Point by point method
b. Euler's modified method
c. Runge-Kutta method, etc.
d. All of above

25. How many steps does the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method use?
a) Two steps
b) Five steps
c) Four steps
d) Three steps

26. Which of these is a disadvantage of the Runge-Kutta method over the multipoint
method?
a) Computational stability
b) Computational cost
c) Accuracy
d) Convergence

27. Compared to Gauss-Seidel method, Newton-Raphson method takes

A. Less number of iterations and more time per iteration
B. Less number of iterations and less time per iteration
C. More number of iterations and more time per iteration
D. More number of iterations and less time per iteration

28. A graph is said to be a directed graph if ________ of the graph has direction.
a) 1 branch
b) 2 branches
c) 3 branches
d) every branch

29. Loops which contain only one link are independent are called?
a) open loops
b) closed loops
c) basic loops
d) none of the above

30.Incidence matrix and Adjacency matrix of a graph will always have same dimensions?
True
False

31. The Geometrical structure of a network is called as

Graph
Oriented Graph
Subgraph
None of above

32. In a graph if there are 4 nodes and 7 elements the number of links is
3
4
5
6

33. The dimension of the bus incidence matrix is

(a) e x n
(b) e x (n-I )
(c) e x e
None of above

34. If Ab and AI are the sub matrices of bus incidence matrix A containing branches and
links only and k is the branch path incidence matrix then
(a) A b kt = U
(b) kt = Ab
(c) AI Ab- I = kt
None of above

35. Identify the correct relation

(a) YBUS = [B]t [y] [B]
(b) YLoop = [C]t [y] [C]
(c) YBR = [B]t [y] [B]
(d) YBus= [K]t[y][K]
1. Identify the current relations *

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d) None of above

2. When the source voltages and source current of all phases are equal in magnitude the
three phase network has __________
Balance excitation
Unbalance excitation
all of above
None of above

3. What are the assumption for short circuit studies.

Representation of each machine by constant voltage behind the machine reactance
Neglecting Shunt connection
setting all transformer at nominal tap
all of above

4. The performance equation of system during fault is

(a)

(b)

(c)
(d) None of above
5. The self impedance Zbb of a branch ab added to an existing partial network If there is no
mutual coupling is given by
(a) Zbb = Zab
(b) Zbb = Zab + zab-ab
(c) Zbb = zab-ab
(d) None of above

6. The self impedance Zbb of a branch ab added to an existing partial network and if there
is no mutual coupling and if "a" is the reference node is given by
(a) Zbb = zab-ab
(b) Zbb = Zab
(c) Zbb = Zab + zab-ab
(d) None of above

7. The angle δ in the swing equation of a synchronous generator is the

a. Angle between stator voltage and current
b. Angular displacement of the rotor with respect to the stator.
c. Angular displacement of the stator mmf with respect to a synchronously rotating axis.
d. Angular displacement of an axis fixed to the rotor with respect to a synchronously
rotating axis

8. At what value of ‘δ’ the maximum power transfer takes place?

a. 45 °
b. 90 °
c. 120 °
d. 180 °

9. The synchronous machine is operating at a normal condition at the generating system,

then the angle between rotor axis and the stator magnetic axis is
a) Load angle
b) Power factor angle
c) Impedance angle
d) None of the mentioned

10. Post a three phase fault that occurs in a system, then its transient stability can be
examined using ___________
a) solution of swing equation
b) equal area criterion
c) solution of swing equation and equal area criterion
d) solution of swing equation or equal area criterion

11. The inertia constant H is defined as

a. The K.E in Mega joules to the three phase MVA rating of the machine.
b. The product of moment of inertia about that axis and the associated angular velocity.
c. This is the angle between the generated e.m.f or the supply voltage.
d. All of above

12. The inertia constant of the two machines which are not swinging together are M1 and
M2. The equivalent inertia constant of the system is:
a) M1-M2
b) M1+M2
c) M1M2/(M1+M2)
d) M1M2/(M1-M2

13. commonly used numerical techniques for the solution of the swing equation are:
a. Point by point method
b. Euler's modified method
c. Runge-Kutta method, etc.
d. All of above

16. The inertia constant H of a machine of 200MVA is 2 p.u. its value corresponding to
400MVA will be
a.4
b.2
c.1
d.0.5

17. Why are load flow studies carried out?

To study stability of the system
for fault calculation
For planning the power system
All of above

18. What type of convergence takes place in NR method

Linear convergence
Geometric Convergence
Quadratic convergence
All of these

19. If sudden fault occur at generator terminal then

Pe1=0
PeII=0
PeIII=0
Maximum initial power

20. Accelerating torque is equal to

Mechanical Torque-Electrical Torque
Electrical Torque-Mechanical Torque
Electrical torque/Mechanical Torque
None of above

21. A connected sub-graph containing all nodes of the graph G, but without any closed
paths is called as
Cut-set
Tree
Co-Tree
Loop

22. Element not present in a Tree are

Link
Branch
Loop
Basic loop

23. _____________ contain only one branch and remaining link

Graph
Tree
Co-tree
Basic cut set

24. The performance equation for the partial network with an added branch p-q is assumed
that the network consist of bilateral passive elements.
True
False

25. If p-q is a link no new bus is added to the partial network

True
False

26. If p-q is a branch, a new bus q is added to the partial network and the resultant bus
impedance matrix is of dimension (m+1)*(m+1)
True
False

27. Which component is equal in 3-phase Fault?

Positive
Zero
all voltage component
all current component

28. The impedance and admittance matrices of balanced 3-phase rotating elements are not
symmetrical
True
False
29. Which matrices of balance 3-phase rotating element are not symmetric
(a) Impedance
(b) admittance
(c) both (a) and (b)
none of above

30. What is the value of (1+a+a^2)?

0
1
-1
Infinity

31. In which portion of the transmission system is the occurrence of the fault more
common?
Alternators
Transformer
Transmission lines
Underground cable

32. Zero sequence currents cannot flow in which of the following connections?
Delta
Star
Star-Star
Delta-Delta

33. In zero sequence ground reactance is added to zero sequence reactance with
multiplication of
1/3
3
Zf+0.3
Zf+(1/3)

34. A balanced three phase element with balanced excitation can be considered as a single
phase element
True
False

35. The most common type of fault to occur is

(a) Symmetrical 3-phase fault
(b) Single line-to-ground fault
(c) Double line fault
(d) Double line-to-ground fault
 Multiple Choice Questions CAPS
1. A represents the geometrical structure of a power system network.
a. graph b. single line diagram c. impedance d. reactance

2. The KVL or KCL equations do not depends on the type of elements. ( True / False)

3. The KVL or KCL equations depends on the of the network.

a. graph b. structure c. admittance d. conductance

4. In a graph, each element of the power system is represented as a line segment connecting nodes.
a. one b. two c. three d. four

5. The structure of the graph changes with the shape of the graph. ( True /False)

6. A sub graph is a subset of the and of a graph.

a. nodes and elements b. impedance and admittance c. buses and elements d. direction
and structure

7. A is a sub-graph of connected elements.

a. bus b. element c. graph d. path

8. A graph or sub-graph is said to be connected when there exists path between any two nodes.
a. one b. two c. three d. four

9. A is a connected sub-graph having all the nodes of the graph.

a. graph b. element c. tree d. bus

10. A tree has a closed path. ( True / False)

11. The elements of a tree are called as .

a. sub-graph b. branches c. elements d. nodes

12. A co-tree is a of the tree.

a. supplement b. summation c. complement d. none

13. Co – tree elements are called .

a. paths b. branches c. links d. sub-paths

14. Which of the statements mentioned below is true.

i. b=n-1 ii. l = e-b iii. e=n+l iv. l = e-n+1
a. Only i. b. i and v c. ii and iv d. i, ii and iv

15. Whenever a link element is added to an existing tree, loops are formed.
a. basic b. open c. closed d. incomplete
16. The orientation of the fundamental loops are same as that of the link. (True / False)

17. The number of basic cut set is equal to number of .

a. elements b. branches c. links d. nodes

18. A basic or fundamental cut-set consists of and a minimal number of links.

a. less than one b. more than one c. only one d. none of the above

19. The number of basic loops is equal to .

a. elements b. branches c. links d. nodes

20. Upon removal of the elements of the basic cut set, the graph is divided into sub graphs.
a. two b. more than two c. less than two d. no

21. Due to the removal of the cut set elements, one of the two resulting sub-graphs will consists of
node.
a. basic b. complement c. supplement d. isolated

22. The below table shows the synonymous names associated with the graph theory of the
power system network. Match the pairs:

i. Element I. Twig
ii. Node II.Chord
iii. Branch III.Edge
iv. Link IV.Vertex

a. i-III, ii-IV,iii-II, iv- I b. i-III,ii-IV, iii-I, iv – II c. i-III, ii- I, iii- IV, iv –I d. i-IV,ii- I,iii-II,iv-III

23. For a power system network having ‘e’ elements and ‘n’ nodes, the number of KCL equations
would be .
(a) e-n-1 (b)e+n-1 (c)n-(e-1) (d) e-(n-1)

24. An electric circuit with 10 branches and 7 nodes will have [I.E.S – 2001]
a. 3 loop equations b. 4 loop equations c. 7 loop equations d. 10 loop equations

25. A connected network of N>2 nodes has almost one branch directly connecting any pair of nodes.
The graph of the network [GATE:
2001]
(a) must have at least N branches for one or more closed paths to exist
(b) can have unlimited number of branches
(c) can only have at most N branches
(d) can have a minimum number of branches not decided by N
26. The graph of an electrical network has N nodes and B branches. The number of links L, with
respect to the choice of a tree is given by [GATE:
2002]
(a) B – N + 1 (b) B + N (c) N – B + 1 (d) N – 2B – 1
27. The number of branches in an network is B, the number of nodes is N, and the number of
dependent loops is L, then the number of independent node equations will be [I.E.S – 2000]
(a) N + L – 1 (b) B – 1 (c) B – N (d) N – 1

28. The figure below shows a dc resistive network and its graph is drawn aside. A proper tree chosen
for analyzing the network will contain the edge. [GATE
1994]
(a) aa,bc,ad (b) ab,ac,ca (c) ab,bd,cd (d) ac,bd,ad

29. A fundamental tie-set of a graph with respect to a tree is a loop formed by only one link
associated with other .
(a) elements (b) nodes (c) branches (d) co-tree

30. A is a sub-graph formed with all the links of the graph.

(a) co-tree (b) tree (c) path (d) Loop

31. Identify for the false statement with respect to the properties of a tree:
i. Tree is a connected graph
ii. Tree does not have any loop
iii. Every connected graph has at least one tree
iv. The elements in a spanning tree is called as branches
(a) i (b) ii (c) iii (d) iv

32. The meeting point of two or more elements in a graph is called as .

(a) node (b) vertex (c) Both a and b (d) elements

33. An is a line segment representing one network element or a combination of

elements connected between two nodes.
(a) element (b) edge (c) Both a and b (d) None

34. If ‘n’ is the number of nodes, the rank of a graph is .

(a) n – 1 (b) n (c) n + 1 (d) none
35. A linear graph is a function of and .
(a) vertices and edges (b) nodes and elements (c) Both a and b (d) none

36. An edge where both end vertices are same is called as .

(a) basic loop (b) self loop (c) open loop (d) none

37. A graph in which direction is assigned to each element is called a .

(a) directed graph (b) path (c) oriented graph (d) Both a and
c

38. The voltage polarities is marked in an oriented graph. (True / False)

39. A de-generate sub-graph is a graph which consists of

node. (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

40. The number of branches ‘b’ required to form a tree is .

(a) n (b) n – 1 (c) e (d) e – b

41. Orientation of a basic loop is chosen to be the same as that of its .

(a) branch (b) element (c) link (d) path

42. Independent cut-sets are called as cut –sets.

(a) basic (b) open (c) closed (d) none

43. Orientation of a basic cut-set is chosen to be the same as that of it’s .

(a) link (b) branch (c) element (d) node

44. The number of edges connected to a vertex is called its .

(a) rank (b) graph (c) degree (d) path

45. Every connected graph has at least tree.

(a) one (b) two (c) three (d) none

46. Every tree has two terminal nodes. (True / False )

47. The rank of a tree is equal to the rank of a graph. ( True / False)

48. Independent loops contain link.

(a)one (b) two (c)three (d) four
49. A cut set is a set of branches of a connected graph.
(a) minimal (b) closed (c) open (d) none

50. There is no effect of removal of branches on the rank of the graph. ( True /
False) Ans: Removal of branches, reduces the rank of the graph.

(Que. 51 to 53) For the network shown in figure below, answer the following questions:

51. How many tree will the graph of the network have?
(a)6 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 2

52. How many basic loops will the graph of the network
contain? (a)4 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 1
53. How many basic cut set will the graph of the network have?
(a)4 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 1

Q.54 – 56) For the graph of the power system network, answer the following questions:

54. The number of open loops in the graph is . (a) 8 (b)5 (c) 3 (d) 4

55. The number of branch paths =

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 5

56. The rank of the above graph =

(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 5 (d) 3

Q.57- 60. For the graph of the given power system network, answer the following questions:

57. For the set of branches chosen as Branches = { 1,4,5,7}, which of the statement is correct with
regards to the basic cut-set, if the cut-set corresponding to the respective branches are A,B,C and
D? i. A={1,7,5}
ii. B= {4,5,6}
iii. C={5,3,6}
iv. D = {7,1,3,6}
(a) All are correct (b) iii (c) i,ii and iv (d) i and iv

58. For the above graph, in order to form a tree which of the selection of branches is
incorrect? i. {1,2,5,6} ii. {1,2,3,4} iii. {1,2,3,5} iv. {1,5,6,7}

(a) Only i (b) Only iv (c) Both i and iv (d) ii and iii

59. Considering the elements 2,4, and 6 as links, and the closed loops formed by them as I,II and
III respectively, which of the following set is correct?
(a) I = {2,1,7} (b)II = {4,3,6} (c) III = {6,3,4} (d) All are correct

60. For the above graph, the number of fundamental loops =

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) None

Que.61 to 65: For the power system network shown in fig given below, answer the following questions:

61. The graph of the network will have

 branches. (a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 5
(d) 7

62. The co-tree of the network will have fundamental

loops. (a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 4

63. The co-tree of the network will have open loops.

(a) 5 (b)4 (c) 9 (d) 6

64. The rank of the graph obtained from the network is . (a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 4

65. The tie-cut set for the co-tree of the network is . (a) 5 (b)9 (c) 4 (d) 6

Que. 1 to Que.5 is based

on the following Fig.

Obtain the ZBus by algorithm and answer the following questions:

66. The p.u impedance of the element Z11 is __________.

a. 0.745
b. 0.0745
c. 0.0475
d. 0.574

67. The p.u impedance of the element Z21 is ________.

a.0.0553
b. 0.0535
c. 0.0355
d. 0.0035

68. The p.u impedance of the element of Z33 is _______.

a. 0.2175
b. 0.1275
c. 0.2157
d. 0.1257

69 The p.u impedance of the element of Z32 is _______.

a. 0.0615
b. 0.0745
c. 0.0355
d. 0.0485

70 The p.u impedance of the element of Z13 is _______

a. 0.0745
b. 0.0615
c. 0.0355
d. 0.2175

71 When an element p-q is added to a partial network of ‘m’ buses, and it is a branch, the resultant bus
impedance matrix is of dimension__________.
(a) (p+1) X (q+1) (b)(m+1) X (m+1) (c) p X q (d) None

72. In the formation of the Bus Impedance matrix, if the element added between the node p and q is a
link, a new bus is added to the partial network.
(a) True (b) False

73. If p and qare the two nodes of a partial netwok, In the addition of a branch
(a) Zpi = Zqi (b) Zli = Zpi – Zqi (c) Zqq = Zpq + Zpq.pq (d) none

74 The currents in the elements of the primitive network are expressed in terms of the primitive ______.
(a) impedances (b) admittances (c) inductances (d) resistances

75. In a partial network, if the added element is a link, a fictitious node l is added which is _____ later.
(a) added (b) eliminated (c)multiplied (d) divided

76 The bus impedance matrix ZBus for a given power system is as given below;Modify the ZBus if an
element is added between 3 and 4 with an impedance of 0.4 p.u

The p.u value of Z22 = _______

(a) 0.4833
(b) 0.033
(c) 0.333
(d) 0.7055

77 The p.u value of Z44 = _______

(a) (a) 0.4833 (b) 0.033 (c) 0.333 (d) 0.7055

78 A power system network consists of three elements 0-1,1-2 and 2-0 of p.u impedances 0.2,0.4,0.4
respectively. Its bus impedance matrix is given by
(a) [ ] (b) [ ] (c) [ ] (d) [ ]

79. Normall ZBus Matrix is a _____ matrix.

(a) Null (b) Sparse (c) Full (d) Unity
 . With the usual notation, impedance matrix for the system shown in the accompanying figure is

(a) [ ] (b) [ ] (c) [ ] (d)

[ ]

80 Z BUS matrix is a ----

A] Null matrix
B] Sparse matrix
C] Full matrix
D] Unity matrix

81 The value of diagonal element is –---

A] which is connected between bus i and bus j with negative sign

B] which is connected between bus i and bus j with positive sign
C] sum of admittances connected at bus i
D] sum of admittances connected at bus j

82 For n bus power system size of Y bus matrix is---

A] (n-1)X(n-1)
B] ((n-2)X(n-2)
C] (n-1)X(n-2)
D] n X n
83 Sum of elements of row i is equal to shunt admittance connected to YBus i. If
the summation is zero indicates there is no----
A] shunt admittance
B] mutual coupling
C] Both A and B
D] shunt Impedance
84For partial network for addition of branch if there is mutual coupling between
added branch and other elements, the diagonal elements are given by

A]
B]
C]
D]

85 For partial network for addition of branch if there is mutual coupling between
added branch and other elements, the off diagonal elements are given by
A]
B]
C]
D]

86 If added element p-q is link, the diagonal elements are given by

A]
B]
C]
D]

87 If added element p-q is link, the off diagonal elements are given by
A]
B]
C]
D]

For given figure find Zbus

A]

B]

C]

D]

88If an element is removed which is not mutually coupled to any other element,
The modified bus impedance matrix can be obtained by----
A] adding
B] mutual coupling
C] Both A and B
D] shunt Impedance

89 YBus can be obtained

A] A [Y] AT
B] CT[Y]C
C] AT[Y]A
D]

90 C [Y] CT

YBR can be obtained

A] A [Y] AT
B] CT[Y]C
C] AT[Y]A
D] C [Y] CT

91 For given fig. Bus Incidence Matrix is

A]
-1 0 0
0 -1 0
0 0 -1
1 -1 0
0 -1 1
1 0 -1

B]
-1 0 0
-1 -1 0
0 0 -1
1 -1 -1
0 -1 1
1 0 -1

-1 0 0
C] 0 -1 0
-1 0 -1
0 -1 0
0 -1 1
0 0 -1

D]
-1 0 0
0 -1 0
0 0 -1
1 -1 0
0 -1 1
1 0 -1

92 For given fig. Bus Incidence Matrix is

A] 1 0 0
0 1 0
0 0 1

-1 0 0
B] 0 -1 0
0 0 -1

C] 0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0

D] 0 0 -1
0 -1 0
-1 0 0

93 When a Removal of Elements or Changes in Element takes place, the

modified impedance can be obtained by
A] Adding in parallel with the element a branch, whose impedance is equal to the negative of the impedance to be
removed.

B] Adding in series with the element a link, whose impedance is equal to the negative of the impedance to be removed.

C] Adding in Series with the element a link, whose impedance is equal to the positive of the impedance to be removed.

D] Adding in parallel with the element a link, whose impedance is equal to the negative of the impedance to be removed

94 Find Zbus for Addition of element of 0.4pu ,

Consider Bus 1 as reference.
A] 0.2
B]0.1
C]0.6
D]0.4

95 If the addition of the second line 2 is equivalent to addition of a link. The

augmented impedance matrix with the fictitious node I introduced. Consider Bus
1 as reference

A]

B]

C]

D]

96 The basic equation that governs the performance of a network is

A] V BUS = [YBUS ]VBUS
B] V BUS = [YBUS ]IBUS
C] V BUS = [ZBUS ]IBUS
D] V BUS = [ZBR ]IBR

Element P.U
1 0.5
2 0.5
3 0.5
 4 0.2
5 0.25

97 Add element1 which is connected between existing Bus p = 0 (REF) and

new Bus q = 1 with self-impedance Zs =0.5. (BRANCH)

Find Zbus for stated branch

A] 1
B] 0.5
C] 1.5
D] 0.25

Element P.U
1 0.5
2 0.5
3 0.5
4 0.2
5 0.25

98 After addition of element 1 ,add element 2 which is connected between existing BUS
p = 1 (existing) and new bus q =2 with self impedance Zs =0.5. (branch)

A]

B]

C]

D]

99 Consider an element a-b added to the node (a) existing in the partial network.
An additional node (b) is created as shown in figure.What will be performance
equation at node b
A]
B]
C]
D]

Removal of dummy bus i

A]

100 Zij NEW = Zij OLD – Zli. Zlj

Zij

B] Zij NEW = Zjj OLD – Zli. Zlj

Zll

C] ZijNEW = Zii OLD – Zli. Zlj

Zli

D] ZijNEW = Zij OLD – Zli. Zlj

Zll

101 Obtain the ZBus by algorithm and answer

The p.u impedance of the element Z11 is __________.
A] 0.745
B] 0.0745
C] 0.0475
D] 0.574

102 When an element p-q is added to a partial network of ‘m’ buses, and it is a
branch, the resultant bus impedance matrix is of dimension__________.
A] (p+1) X (q+1)
B](m+1) X (m+1)
C] p X q
D] None

103 The currents in the elements of the primitive network are expressed in terms
of the primitive ______.
A] impedances
B] admittances
C] inductances
D] resistances
104 In a partial network, if the added element is a link, a fictitious node l is added
which is _____ later.
A] added
B] eliminated
C]multiplied
D] divided
105 The bus impedance matrix ZBus for a given power system is as given
below;Modify the ZBus if an element is added between 3 and 4 with an
impedance of 0.4 p.u

The p.u value of Z22 = _______

(A] 0.4833
B] 0.033
C] 0.333
D] 0.7055

106 A power system network consists of three elements 0-1,1-2 and 2-0 of p.u
impedances 0.2,0.4,0.4 respectively. Its bus impedance matrix is given by
A]

[ ]
B]

[ ]

C]

[ ]

D]

[ ]

107 Obtain the ZBus by algorithm and answer the below question: The p.u
impedance of the element Z21 is ________.
A]0.0553
B] 0.0535
C] 0.0355
D 0.0035

108 If p and q are the two nodes of a partial network, In the addition of a branch
A] Zpi = Zqi
B] Zli = Zpi – Zqi
C] Zqq = Zpq + Zpq.pq
D] none
109 If the added element ia a branch, p-q, then the new bus impedance
matrix would be of order
A] m+1
B] ix1
C] pxq
D] mxp

110 If the added element is a link, p-q, then the new bus impedance
matrix will of order
A] m+1
B] unaltered
C] pxq
D]Changed

For the positive sequence network data shown

in table below, obtainZBUS by building procedure. Add element :– 1 of
from the external node - 1 (q=1) to internal ref. node - 0 (p=0).
A] ZBUS(1)= 0.25
B] ZBUS(1)= 0.08
C] ZBUS(1)= 0.38
D] ZBUS(1)= 0.45
111 Add element3 of impedance 0.08 pu from the external node-2 (q=2) to
internal node-1 (p=1). (Case-b), as shown in the partial network ,Z bus is given
by

0.25 0 0.25
A] 0 0.2 0
0.25 0 0.33

B] 0.25 0.25 0.25

0.25 0.2 0
0.25 0 0.33

C] 0.25 0.25 0.25

0.25 0 0
0.25 0 0.33

D] 0.25 0.25 0.25

0.25 0.2 0.33
0.25 0.33 0.53

112 During normal steady state operations, the three phase system can be solved on a
single phase basis.
(a) True (b) False

112 The three phase network can be represented by ___________ form.

(a) Impedance (b) Admittance (c) Both a and b (d) None

113 The excitation of any three phase system is balanced when the source voltage and
current of all phases are equal in magnitude and displaced with each other by an angle
of ____ degrees.
(a) 90 (b)120 (c) 180 (d) 360

114 Impedance Matrix of a three phase balanced _____ element can be diagonalized
using transformation matrix.
(a) rotating (b) stationary (c) both (d) None

115) For symmetrical components the balanced sequence impedances are uncoupled
for both stationary and rotating elements.
(a) True (b) False

116 The phase voltages and phase currents are balanced if the _________of a balanced
three phase element is balanced.
(a) response (b) excitation (c) load (d) None

117) A balanced three phase element with balanced excitation can be treated as a
_____ element in network problems.
(a) three phase (b) single phase (c) stationary (d) rotating

118) When the excitation is unbalanced, the performance equation of a three phase
element can be reduced to three independent equations by ________ the impedance
matrix.
(a)transposing (b) reducing (c) diagonalizing (d) inverse

119) In a three phase network, the transformation T is a _______ matrix.

(a) scalar (b) transpose (c) zero (d) unitary

120) For the given power system network, obtain the Zbus (012) and answer the
following questions:

G1,G2: X1=X2=j0.2;X0=j0.05; Xg = j0.05 p.u

T1,T2: X1=X2=j0.2; X0=0.04 p.u
Line: X1=X2=j0.3; X0 = j 0.04 p.u

The p.u value of _____________

(a) j0.146 (b) j0.416 (c) j 0.255 (d) j 0.525

121) The p.u value of _____________

(a) j0.146 (b) j0.255 (c) j 0.525 (d) j0.416

122) The p.u value of _____________

(a) j0.146 (b)j0.255 (c)j0.525 (d)j0.416

123) The p.u value of _____________

(a)j0.255 (b)j0.146 (c)j0.215 (d) j0.267

124) In a Y-connected circuit, the magnitude of each line current is

(a) One-third the phase current (b) Three times the corresponding
phase current
(c) Equal to the corresponding phase current (d) Zero

125) In what direction does the phasor get rotated if it is multiplied by the operator a?
(a) Anticlockwise (b) Clockwise (c) Gets rotated by 90° in the clockwise direction
(d) Gets rotated by 90° in the anticlockwise direction
126) What is the value of the letter ‘a’ or ‘α’ which is commonly used in symmetrical components?
(a) 1 ∠ 90° (b) 1 ∠ 30° (c) 1 ∠ 120° (d) 1 ∠ -120°

127) A balanced three phase system consists of _________.

(a) Zero sequence currents only (b) Positive sequence currents only
(c) Positive, negative and zero sequence currents (d) Only negative sequence currents

128) A balanced load is obtained by _____ of transmission lines.

(a) intersection (b) cross-section (c) transposing (d) selection)

129) Power system are operated usually with balanced three phase generation and _______.
(a) power (b) transformers (c) bus- bars (d) loads

130)In the three phase networks, two important types of sequence quantities are
______ components and Clarkes’s components.
(a) symmetrical (b) unsymmetrical (c) balanced (d) unbalanced

131) The fig. below shows the representation of three phase network in _____ form.

(a) admittance (b) impedance (c) susceptance (d)

capacitance
132) The fig. below shows the representation of three phase network in _____ form.

(a) admittance (b) impedance (c) susceptance (d) capacitance

G1,G2: X1=X2=j0.1;X0=j0.04; Xg = j0.02 p.u

T1,T2: X1=X2=X0 = j0.1; Xg = j 0.05 p.u
Line: X1=X2=j0.2; X0=0.5 p.u

The p.u value of _____________

(a) j0.06 (b)j0.08 (c)j0.02 (d)j0.04

133
The p.u value of _____________
(a) j0.146 (b)j0.255 (c)j0.525 (d)j0.12

134) The p.u value of _____________

(a) j0.06 (b)j0.08 (c)j0.02 (d)j0.04

Q135) The p.u value of _____________

(a) j0.06 (b)j0.08 (c)j0.1 (d)j0.04

136) The p.u value of _____________

(a) j0.06 (b)j0.08 (c)j0.02 (d)j0.0294

137) The p.u value of _____________

(a) j0.1764 (b)j0.0882 (c)j0.02 (d)0

138 According to the graph theory of loop analysis, how many

equilibrium equations are required at a minimum level in terms of
number of branches (b) and number of nodes (n) in the graph?
a. n-1 b. b+(n-1) c. b-(n-1) d. b/ n-1
 139 How many fundamental cut sets will be generated for
a graph with 'n' number of nodes? a. n+1 b. n-1
c. n2(n-1) d. n/ n-1
140 How many number of minimum end nodes or terminal nodes
are involved in a tree, according to its properties?
a. Only one b. Two c. Four d. Infinite
141 A graph is said to be a directed graph if of
the graph has direction.
a)1branch b)2branches c)3branches d)every branch
142Loops which contain only one link are
independent are called?
a)open loops b)closed loops c)basic loops d)none of the above
143. If there are 4 branches, 3 nodes then number of links in a co-
tree are?
a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8
144.Among the following relation which is correct.
a)K=Ab-1 b) K=Ab c)Ab = K-1 d)Ab Kt=U
145.In branch path incidence matrix, if the ith branch is in the path
from the jth bus to reference bus but is oriented in opposite
direction Kij = ?
a)1 b) -1 c) 0 d) None
146.Number of branches in tree is --------- the number of Elements in
a graph.
a)Less than b) More than c) Equal d) None
147.A Tree has
a)a Closed path b) No closed path c)Both d)
None
148.If YBUS is symmetrical then corresponding ZBUS is symmetrical
a) symmetrical b)Unsymmetrical c)neither a nor b
d)none
149.Choose the correct formula for the diagonal element of branch
a)Zpi = Zqi b) Zqq=Zpq - Zpqpq c) Zqq=Zpq+Zpqpq d)
None
150.Choose the correct formula for the modification of link
a) Zij(modified)= Zij(before elimination) – Zil* Zlj / Zll
b) Zij(modified)= Zij(before elimination) + Zil* Zlj / Zll
c) Zij(modified)= Zil* Zlj / Zll – Zij(before elimination)
d)None
151 Which is the correct formula for calculating off-diagonal
element of Link.
a) Zli = Zpi - Zqi b) Zli = Zpi – Zqi + Zpqpq c) Zli = Zpi+Zqi d) None
152 What is the order of a matrix?
a) number of rows X number of columns b) number of columns X
number of rows
c) number of rows X number of rows d) number of columns X
number of columns
153.The loop current direction of the basic loop formed from the
tree of the graph is?
a) same as the direction of the branch current
b) opposite to the direction of the link current
c) same as the direction of the link current
d) opposite to the direction of the branch current
154 Choose the correct formula for the off-diagonal element of
branch
a)Zpi = Zqi b) Zqq=Zpq - Zpqpq c) Zqq=Zpq+Zpqpq d)
None
155. Which is the correct formula for calculating diagonal element
of Link.
a) Zli = Zpi - Zqi b) Zll = Zpl – Zql + Zpqpq c) Zli = Zpi+Zqi d) None
If a graph consists of 5 nodes, then the number of twigs in the tree
are?
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
156.The current in a closed path in a loop is called?
a) loop current b) branch current c) link current d) twig
current
157.The positive sequence current of a transmission line is
A. Always zero B. One third of negative
sequence current
C. Equal to negative sequence current D. three times the negative
sequence current
1.A graph is said to be a directed graph if ________ of the graph has direction.
a) 1 branch
b) 2 branches
c) 3 branches
d) every branch

If every branch of the graph has direction, then the graph is said to be a directed graph. If
the graph does not have any direction then that graph is called undirected graph.

2.The number of branches incident at the node of a graph is called

a) degree of the node
b) order of the node
c) status of the node
d) number of the node

Nodes can be incident to one or more elements. The number of branches incident at the
node of a graph is called degree of the node.

3. If no two branches of the graph cross each other, then the graph is called?
a) directed graph
b) undirected graph
c) planar graph
d) non-planar graph

If a graph can be drawn on a plane surface such that no two branches of the graph cross
each other, then the graph is called planar graph .

4.Number of twigs in a tree are? n- number of nodes

a) n
b) n+1
c) n-1
d) n-2

Twig is a branch in a tree. Number of twigs in a tree are n-1. If there are 4 nodes in a tree
then number of possible twigs are 3.

5. Loops which contain only one link are independent are called?
a) open loops
b) closed loops
c) basic loops
d) none of the above

The addition of subsequent link forms one or more addition al loops. Loops which
contain only one link are independent are called basic loops.
6.If A represents incidence matrix, I represents branch current vectors, then?
a) AI = 1
b) AI = 0
c) AI = 2
d) AI= 3

If A represents incidence matrix, I represents branch current vectors, then the relation is
AI= 0 that is its characteristic equation must be equated to zero

7.If a graph consists of 5 nodes, then the number of twigs in the tree are?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Number of twigs= n-1. As given number of nodes are 5 then n = 5. On substituting in the
equation, number of twigs =5 -1 = 4.

8.If there are 4 branches, 3 nodes then number of links in a co-tree are?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8

Number of links = b-n+1. Given number of branches = 4 and number of nodes = 3. On

substituting in the equation, number of links in a co-tree = 4 – 3 + 1 = 2.
9.consider the graph given below. Which of the following is a not a tree to the graph?

Ans d Tree is sub graph which consists of all node of original graph but no closed paths.
So, ‘d’ is not a tree to the graph.
10.The current in a closed path in a loop is called?
a) loop current
b) branch current
c) link current
d) twig current

In a loop there exists a closed path and a circulating current which is called link current.
The current in any branch can be found by using link currents.

11.Tie-set is also called as

a) f loop
b) g loop
c) d loop
d) e loop

The fundamental loop formed by one link has a unique path in the tree joining the two
nodes of the link. This loop is also called f-loop.

12.Consider the graph shown below. If a tree of the graph has branches 4, 5, 6, then one of the
twigs will be?

a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4

Ans is d. Branches of the tree are called twigs. So 4, 5, 6 are the twigs of the tree. The
current in any branch of a graph can be found by using link currents.
13.Consider the graph shown in the question above. If a tree of the graph has branches 4, 5, 6,
then one of the links will be?
a) 3
b) 4
c) 5
d) 6

The branches of the co-tree are called links. So the links will be 1, 2, 3. For a given tree of
a graph addition of each link between any two nodes form a loop called fundamental
loop.

14.The loop current direction of the basic loop formed from the tree of the graph is?
a) same as the direction of the branch current
b) opposite to the direction of the link current
c) same as the direction of the link current
d) opposite to the direction of the branch current

The loop current direction of the basic loop formed from the tree of the graph is same as
the direction of the link current.

15.Consider the graph shown below. The direction of the loop currents will be? (ACW –
Anticlockwise, CW – Clockwise).

a) I1 ACW
b) I2 ACW
c) I3 CW
d) I4 ACW

The direction of the loop current will be along the direction of the link current in a basic
loop. So I1 – ACW, I2 – CW, I3 – ACW, I4 – CW.
16.For Tie-set matrix, if the direction of current is same as loop current, then we place ___ in the
matrix.
a) +1
b) -1
c) 0
d) +1 or -1

For Tie-set matrix, if the direction of current is same as loop current, then we place +1 in
the matrix.

The matrix formed by link branches of a tie set matrix is?

a) Row matrix
b) Column matrix
c) Diagonal matrix
d) Identity matrix

As the direction of the basic loops of the tree are taken along the direction of the link
currents, then the matrix formed by the link currents will be a identity matrix.

17.The number of tie set matrices formed from a graph are?

a) NN-1
b) NN
c) NN-2
d) NN+1

For every tree, there will be a unique tie set matrix. So there will be NN-2 tie set matrices.

18.According to the graph theory of loop analysis, how many equilibrium

equations are required at a minimum level in terms of number of branches
(b) and number of nodes (n) in the graph?

a. n-1
b. b+(n-1)
c. b-(n-1)
d. b/ n-1

19.Consider the assertions given below. Which among them do/does not
specify/ies the property of 'Complete Incidence Matrix'?

a. Determinant of a loop of a complete incidence matrix is always zero

b. Addition of all entries in any column should never be equal to zero
c. Rank of connected or oriented graph is always 'n-1'
d. All of the above

Which parameter should be essentially equal to the number of nodes in

the network in accordance to the principle of duality?
a. Total impedance
b. Total admittance
c. Number of meshes
d. Number of voltage sources

20.How many fundamental cutsets will be generated for a graph with 'n'
number of nodes?

a. n+1
b. n-1
c. n2(n-1)
d. n/ n-1

21.What will be the value of a rectangular (complete incidence) matrix, if an

associated branch is oriented towards the node?

a. 1
b. -1
c. 0
d. Not defined (∞)

22.How many number of minimum end nodes or terminal nodes are

involved in a tree, according to its properties?

a. Only one
b. Two
c. Four
d. Infinite

23.Which among the below specified assertions are precisely related to the
conditions applicable for a path to be an improper subgraph?

A. Incidence of a single branch at a terminating node

B. Incidence of two branches at the remaining nodes

a. A is true & B is false

b. A is false & B is true
c. Both A & B are true
d. Both A & B are false
24.Given network is having N nodes and B branches, then number of
twigs / branches are
N.
N - 1.
B - N + 1.
B - N - 1.

25.Given network is having N nodes and b branches, then number of

individual loops are
N.
N - 1.
b - N + 1.
b - N - 1.
26.If N is the number of nodes and b is the number of branches in a
network, then rank of cut set matrix is
N.
N - 1.
b - N + 1.
b - N - 1.

27.If N is the number of nodes and b is the number of branches in a

network, then rank of tie set matrix is
N.
N - 1.
b - N + 1.
b - N - 1.

28.Basic cut set matrix consists of

one branch.
no branches.
2 branch.
any number of branches.
29.A represents the geometrical structure of a power system network.
a. graph b. single line diagram c. impedance d. reactance

31. The KVL or KCL equations do not depends on the type of elements. ( True / False)

32. The KVL or KCL equations depends on the of the

network.
a. graph b. structure c. admittance d. conductance

33. I
n a graph, each element of the power system is represented as a line segment connecting nodes.
a. one b. two c. three d. four

34. The structure of the graph changes with the shape of the graph. ( True /False)

35. A sub graph is a subset of the and of a graph.

a. nodes and elements b. impedance and admittance c. buses and elements d. direction
and structure

36. A is a sub-graph of connected elements.

a. bus b. element c. graph d. path

37. A graph or sub-graph is said to

be connected when there exists path between any two nodes.
a. one b. two c. three d. four

38. A is a connected sub-graph having all the nodes of the graph.

a. graph b. element c. tree d. bus

39. A tree has a closed path. ( True / False)

40. The elements of a tree are called as .

a. sub-graph b. branches c. elements d. nodes

41. A co-tree is a of the tree.

a. supplement b. summation c. complement d. none

42. Co – tree elements are called .

a. paths b. branches c. links d. sub-paths

43. Which of the statements mentioned below is true.

i. b=n-1 ii. l = e-b iii. e=n+l iv. l = e-n+1
a. Only i. b. i and v c. ii and iv d. i, ii and iv

44. Whenever a link element is added to an existing tree, loops are formed.
a. basic b. open c. closed d. incomplete
45. The orientation of the fundamental loops are same as that of the link. (True / False)

46. The number of basic cut set is equal to number of .

a. elements b. branches c. links d. nodes

47. A basic or fundamental cut-set consists of and a minimal number of links.

a. less than one b. more than one c. only one d. none of the above

48. The number of basic loops is equal to .

a. elements b. branches c. links d. nodes

49. Upon removal of the elements of the basic cut set, the graph is divided into sub graphs.
a. two b. more than two c. less than two d. no

50. Due to the removal of the cut set elements, one of the two resulting sub-graphs will consists of
node.
a. basic b. complement c. supplement d. isolated

51. The below table shows the synonymous names associated with the graph theory of the
power system network. Match the pairs:

i. Element I. Twig
ii. Node II.Chord
iii. Branch III.Edge
iv. Link IV.Vertex

a. i-III, ii-IV,iii-II, iv- I b. i-III,ii-IV, iii-I, iv – II c. i-III, ii- I, iii- IV, iv –I d. i-IV,ii- I,iii-II,iv-III

52. For a power system network having ‘e’ elements and ‘n’ nodes, the number of KCL equations
would be .
(a) e-n-1 (b)e+n-1 (c)n-(e-1) (d) e-(n-1)

53. An electric circuit with 10 branches and 7 nodes will have [I.E.S – 2001]
a. 3 loop equations b. 4 loop equations c. 7 loop equations d. 10 loop equations

54. A connected network of N>2 nodes has almost one branch directly connecting any pair of nodes.
The graph of the network[GATE: 2001]
(a) must have at least N branches for one or more closed paths to exist
(b) can have unlimited number of branches
(c) can only have at most N branches
(d) can have a minimum number of branches not decided by N

55. The graph of an electrical network has N nodes and B branches. The number of links L, with
respect to the choice of a tree is given by[GATE: 2002]
(a) B – N + 1 (b) B + N (c) N – B + 1 (d) N – 2B – 1

56. The number of branches in an network is B, the number of nodes is N, and the number of
dependent loops is L, then the number of independent node equations will be [I.E.S – 2000]
(a) N + L – 1 (b) B – 1 (c) B – N (d) N – 1

57. The figure below shows a dc resistive network and its graph is drawn aside. A proper tree chosen
for analyzing the network will contain the edge.[GATE 1994]
(a) aa,bc,ad (b) ab,ac,ca (c) ab,bd,cd (d) ac,bd,ad

58. A fundamental tie-set of a graph with respect to a tree is a loop formed by only one link
associated with other .
(a) elements (b) nodes (c) branches (d) co-tree

59. A is a sub-graph formed with all the links of the graph.

(a) co-tree (b) tree (c) path (d) Loop

60. Identify for the false statement with respect to the properties of a tree:
i. Tree is a connected graph
ii. Tree does not have any loop
iii. Every connected graph has at least one tree
iv. The elements in a spanning tree is called as branches
(a) i (b) ii (c) iii (d) iv

61. The meeting point of two or more elements in a graph is called as .

(a) node (b) vertex (c) Both a and b (d) elements

62. An is a line segment representing one network element or a combination of

elements connected between two nodes.
(a) element (b) edge (c) Both a and b (d) None

63. If ‘n’ is the number of nodes, the rank of a graph is .

(a) n – 1 (b) n (c) n + 1 (d) none

64. A linear graph is a function of and .

(a) vertices and edges (b) nodes and elements (c) Both a and b (d) none

65. An edge where both end vertices are same is called as .

(a) basic loop (b) self loop (c) open loop (d) none

66. A graph in which direction is assigned to each element is called a .

(a) directed graph (b) path (c) oriented graph (d) Both a an
67. The voltage polarities is marked in an oriented graph. (True / False)

68. A de-generate sub-graph is a graph which consists of

node. (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4

69. The number of branches ‘b’ required to form a tree is .

(a) n (b) n – 1 (c) e (d) e – b

70. Orientation of a basic loop is chosen to be the same as that of its .

(a) branch (b) element (c) link (d) path

71. Independent cut-sets are called as cut –sets.

(a) basic (b) open (c) closed (d) none

72. Orientation of a basic cut-set is chosen to be the same as that of it’s .

(a) link (b) branch (c) element (d) node

73. The number of edges connected to a vertex is called its .

(a) rank (b) graph (c) degree (d) path

74. Every connected graph has at least tree.

(a) one (b) two (c) three (d) none

75. Every tree has two terminal nodes. (True / False )

76. The rank of a tree is equal to the rank of a graph. ( True / False)

77. Independent loops contain link.

(a)one (b) two (c)three (d) four

78. A cut set is a set of branches of a connected graph.

(a) minimal (b) closed (c) open (d) none

79. There is no effect of removal of branches on the rank of the graph. ( True /
False) Ans: Removal of branches, reduces the rank of the graph.

(a)6 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 2

80. How many basic loops will the graph of the network
contain? (a)4 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 1
81. How many basic cut set will the graph of the network have?
(a)4 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 1

Q.82-84) For the graph of the power system network, answer the following questions:

82. The number of open loops in the graph is . (a) 8 (b)5 (c) 3 (d) 4

83. The number of branch paths =

(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d) 5

84. The rank of the above graph =

(a) 4 (b) 8 (c) 5 (d) 3

Q.85-88 For the graph of the given power system network, answer the following questions:

85. For the set of branches chosen as Branches = { 1,4,5,7}, which of the statement is correct with
regards to the basic cut-set, if the cut-set corresponding to the respective branches are A,B,C and
D? i. A={1,7,5}
ii. B= {4,5,6}
iii. C={5,3,6}
iv. D = {7,1,3,6}

(a) All are correct (b) iii (c) i,ii and iv (d) i and iv

86. For the above graph, in order to form a tree which of the selection of branches is
incorrect? i. {1,2,5,6} ii. {1,2,3,4} iii. {1,2,3,5} iv. {1,5,6,7}

(a) Only i (b) Only iv (c) Both i and iv (d) ii and iii

87. Considering the elements 2,4, and 6 as links, and the closed loops formed by them as I,II and
III respectively, which of the following set is correct?
(a) I = {2,1,7} (b)II = {4,3,6} (c) III = {6,3,4} (d) All are correct

88. For the above graph, the number of fundamental loops =

(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) None

Que.89-93For the power system network shown in fig given below, answer the following questions:

89. The graph of the network will have

branches. (a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 5
(d) 7

90. The co-tree of the network will have fundamental

loops. (a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 4

91. The co-tree of the network will have open loops.

(a) 5 (b)4 (c) 9 (d) 6

92. The rank of the graph obtained from the network is . (a) 6 (b) 5 (c) 7 (d) 4

93. The tie-cut set for the co-tree of the network is . (a) 5 (b)9 (c) 4 (d) 6
 94.

How many tree will the graph of the network have?

(a)6 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) 2

95. How many basic loops will the graph of the network
contain? (a)4 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 1
96. How many basic cut set will the graph of the network have?
(a)4 (b) 2 (c) 5 (d) 1
1.] How can we check upon the transient stability of a power
system?

a) By checking variation in load angle

b) By checking variation of real power with load angle
c) Checking variation in load angle and real power
d) Checking variation in load angle or real power

2.] To maintain the transient stability for a power system

Ans c

3.] The critical clearing time of a fault is power system is related to

A. Reactive power limit
B. Short circuit limit
C. Steady-state stability limit
D. Transient stability limit

4.] System stability is least affected by

A. Reactance of generator
B. Input torque
C. Losses
D. Reactants of transmission line
5.]The measure to improve the transient stability of the power
system during the unbalanced or unsymmetrical fault can be taken
as ________
a) Single pole switching of Circuit Breaker
b) Excitation control
c) Phase shifting transformer
d) Increasing turbine valve opening

6.]What is the value of transient stability limit?

a. Higher than steady state stability limit
b. Lower than steady state stability limit.
c. Depending upon the severity of load
d. All of these

7.]By using which component can the transient stability limit of a

power system be improved?

a. Series resistance
b. Series capacitor
c. Series inductor
d. Shunt resistance

8.]What is transient stability limit?

a. The maximum flow of power through a particular point in the power

system without loss of stability when small disturbances occur.
b. The maximum power flow possible through a particular component
connected in the power system.
c. The maximum flow of power through a particular point in the power
system without loss of stability when large and sudden disturbances
occur
d. All of these
9.]Which among the following methods is used for improving the
system stability?

a. Increasing the system voltage

b. Reducing the transfer reactance
c. Using high speed circuit breaker
d. All of these

10.]What is steady state stability limit?

a. The maximum flow of power through a particular point in the power

system without loss of stability when small disturbances occur.
b. The maximum power flow possible through a particular component
connected in the power system.
c. The maximum flow of power through a particular point in the power
system without loss of stability when sudden disturbances occur
d. All of these

11.]Which among these is a classification of power system stability?

a. Frequency stability
b. Voltage stability
c. Rotor angle stability
d. All of these

12.]What is power system stability?

a. The maximum power flow possible through a particular component

connected in the power system.
b. The ability of the power system to regain the state of operating
equilibrium point when the system is subjected to any disturbances.
c. It is a phenomenon in which a power system losses its operating
equilibrium when subjected to large disturbances.
d. All of these
13.] What are the main applications of the swing curves?

a. Designing the rotor field windings

b. Designing the protective devices
c. Used to limit the size of the machine
d. All of these

14.]What information does the swing curve provide?

a. Stability of the system.

b. Performance of the machine
c. The rotor performance
d. All of these

15.]What kind of differential equation is swing equation?

a. Linear second order

b. Non linear first order
c. Linear first order
d. Non linear second order

16.]What is / are the major assumptions made in the calculation of

swing equations?

a. Damper windings are neglected

b. The machine is lossless
c. The machine has to run at synchronous speed
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. All of these
17.] What does the swing equation describe?

a. The relative motion of rotor with the field windings of the machine
b. The relative motion of the rotor with respect to stator field as a
function of time.
c. The relative motion of stator field with the rated frequency of the
machine
d. The performance curve of the machine

18.]On what factors does the transient stability depend on?

a. Initial operating state

b. Severity of disturbances
c. Voltage instability
d. Both (a) and (b)

19.]What is / are the cause(s) for transient disturbance?

a. Sudden load changes

b. Faults in the power system
c. Switching operations
d. All of these

The angle δ in the swing equation of a synchronous generator is the

Angular displacement of an axis fixed to rotor with respect to
synchronously rotating axis

Steady state stability of a power system is the ability of the power

system to
Maintain Synchronism between machines and external tie lines
1.]For a fault at terminals of a synchronous generator, fault current is
maximum for a

a.Line to ground fault ( L – G)

b.3 phase fault

c.3 phase to ground fault

d.Line to Line Fault

2.]Various power system faults in increasing order of severity are

a) LG ,LL, LLG, LLLG

b) LLLG, LLG, LG, LL
c) LLG, LLLG, LL, LG
d) LL, LG, LLLG, LLG

3.]Which of following are used to reduce short circuit fault currents

a) Reactors
b) Resistors
c) Capacitors
d) Parallel combination of all these

4.]Which among these is the most severe fault?

a. Single line to ground fault.

b. Double line to ground fault
c. Line to line fault
d. Symmetrical fault.
5.]On which among the following factors does the magnitude of the fault
current depend?

a. Total impedance upto the fault.

b. Voltage at the fault point
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. None of these

6.]In which portion of the transmission system is the occurrence of

the fault more common?

a. Alternators
b. Transformers
c. Transmission lines
d. Underground cables

7.]Which of the following fault results into a three phase faults?

a. Single line to ground fault.

b. Double line to ground fault
c. Line to line fault
d. Fault due to all the three phases to earth.
8.]Which among these is the most commonly occurring fault?

a. Single line to ground fault.

b. Double line to ground fault
c. Line to line fault
d. Fault due to all the three phases to earth.
 9.]The load currents in short-circuit calculations are
neglected because
i.short-circuit currents are much lager than load currents
ii.short -circuit currents are greatly out of phase with load
currents
The correct ans is

a. both (i) and (ii) are wrong

b. (i) is wrong and (ii) is correct
c. both (i) and (ii) are correct.
d. none of above
Q.1] Which among the following quantities are to be
determined in voltage controlled bus?

a. P and Q
b. Q and |V|
c. |V| and δ
d. Q and δ
Q.2] Which among theses quantities are to be
determined in slack bus?

a. P and Q
b. Q and |V|
c. |V| and δ
d. Q and δ
Q.3]Which among the following buses constitute the
maximum number in a power system?

a. Slack bus
b. P Q bus
c. P V bus
d. All of these
e. None of these
Q.4]What percentage of buses in the power system are
generator buses?

a. 5 %
b. 25 %
c. 70 %
d. 10 %

Q.5]Which among the following quantities are

specified at the generator bus?

a. P and Q
b. P and |V|
c. Q and |V|
d. P and δ

Q.6] Which among the following quantities are

specified at the load bus?

a. P and Q
b. P and |V|
c. Q and |V|
d. P and δ
Q.7]Why are load flow studies carried out?

a. To study of stability of the system

b. For fault calculations
c. For planning the power system
d. All of these

Q.8]Advantages of gauss siedel method is/are

calculation time for each iteration is less
number of iterations are less
applicable for large power system network
all of the above

Q.9] For load flow studies, What are the quantities

specified at load bus are
P and V
P and Q
V and δ
δ and Q

Q.10] For n bus power system size of Y bus matrix is

(n-1)×(n-1)
(n-2)×(n-2)
n×n
(n-1)×(n-2)
 Q.11]Which of the following matrix is used for load
flow studies?
Y bus matrix
Z bus matrix
Unit matrix
null matrix

Q.12]Sum of the elements of row i equal to shunt

admittances connected to bus i. If this summation is
zero, indicates there is no
shunt admittance
mutual coupling
both 1 and 2
none of the above

Q.13]Normally Z bus matrix is a

null matrix
sparse matrix
full matrix
unit matrix

Q.14] The value of off diagonal elements is

which is connected between bus i and bus j with
negative sign
which is connected between bus i and bus j with
positive sign
sum of admittances connected at bus i
sum of admittances connected at bus j
 Q.15]In load flow studies of a power system, a voltage
control bus is specified by

A. Real power and reactive power

B. Reactive power and voltage magnitude
C. Voltage and voltage phase angle
D. Real power and voltage magnitude

Q.16] In power system, the maximum number of buses

are
A. Generator buses
B. Load buses
C. Slack buses
D. P-V buses

Q.17] In power system, if a voltage controlled bus is

treated as a load bus then which one of the following
limits would be violated ?

A. Voltage
B. Active power
C. Reactive power
D. Phase angle
Q.18] In a load flow analysis of a power system, the
load connected at a bus is represented as

A.Constant current drawn from the bus

B. Constant impedance connected at the bus
C. Voltage and frequency dependent sources at the
boss
D. Constant real and reactive power drawn from the
bus

Q.19]The voltage of a particular bus can be controlled

by controlling the

A. Active power of the bus

B. Reactive power of the bus
C. Phase angle
D. All of the above
In load flow studies of a power system, the quantities
specified at a voltage-controlled bus are
____________and___________
Voltage, Power

In load flow analysis, the load connected at a bus is

represented as
Constant Real and Reactive Power drawn from bus

In load-flow analysis, a voltage-controlled bus is treated as

a load bus in subsequent iteration for a _________limit is
violated.
Reactive Power

If the reference bus is changed in two load flow runs with

same system data and power obtained for reference bus
taken as specified P and Q in the latter run
System losses will be unchanged but complex bus voltage
will change
 SESSION 2019-20
QUESTION BANK (MCQs)
SUBJECT: CAPS SEM: VIII

Q. NO QUESTION CORRECT UNIT NO.

OPTION
1. Consider a network graph shown in the figure. Which one of the UNIT I
following is NOT a tree of this graph? II

I. Option a
II. Option b
III. Option c
IV. Option d

2. Identify which of the following is NOT a tree of the graph C UNIT I

shown in figure.
 a. Bcgh
b. defg
c. abfg
d. aegh
3. In the graph shown in the figure, one possible tree is formed by D UNIT I
the branches 4, 5, 6, 7. Then one possible fundamental cut set is

a. 1,2,3,8
b. 1,2,5,6
c. 1,5,6,8
d. 1,2,3,7,8

4. The number of independent loops for a network with ‘n’ nodes D UNIT I
and ‘b’ branches is
a. n-1
b. b-n
c. b-n+1
d. independent of the number of nodes

5. ………………..is the dimensions of bus incidence matrix B UNIT I

a. n×(e-1), rank n-1=b
b. e×(n-1), rank b=n-1
c. n×e, rank b-1=n
d. e×n, rank n-1=b

6. The performance equation of an element in admittance form B UNIT I

is
a. vpq + epq = (ypq)-1. ipq
b. ipq + jpq = ypq . vpq
c. ypq + vpq = (ipq). (jpq)
d. All of the above

7. In the following graph, the number of trees (T) and number c UNIT I
of cut sets (C) are

a. T=2, C=2
b. T=2, C=6
c. T=4, C=6
d. T=4, C=10
8. A ………….. shows the geometrical interconnection of the A UNIT I
elements of an electric power system network.
a. Graph
b. Sub graph
c. Tree
d. Sequence network

9. A ……… is a subgraph of connected elements with no more C UNIT I

than two elements connected to any one node.
a. Tie set
b. Cut set
c. Path
d. Loop

10. A connected sub graph containing all nodes of a graph but C UNIT I
no closed path is known as …….
a. Path
b. Links
c. Tree
d. Mesh

11. Element of a tree are called …….. A UNIT I

a. Branch
b. Links
c. Both a & b
d. None of the above

12. ……… are the elements of connected graph that are not B UNIT I
included in a tree
a. Twigs
b. Links
c. Branches
d. All of the above

13. ……… is the set elements that breaks two main portions of C UNIT I
a network such that replacing any element will destroy this
property
a. Universal set
b. Tie set
c. Cut set
d. All of the above

14. …… signifies branch path incidence matrix D UNIT I

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. K
15. …… signifies basic cut set incidence matrix B UNIT I
a. A
b. C
c. B
d. K

16. Elements of a co-tree are A UNIT I

a. Links
b. Branches
c. Cut sets
d. Tie sets

17. If A is any bus incidence matrix & At × A = U = A × At is true D UNIT I

for a square matrix then A is ………………….
a. Singular matrix
b. Non-Singular matrix
c. Skew symmetric matrix
d. Orthogonal matrix

18. If A is any bus incidence matrix & A = -At is true for a square B UNIT I
matrix then A is
a. Symmetric matrix
b. Skew symmetric matrix
c. Orthogonal Matrix
d. Singular Matrix

19. At = A is true for B UNIT I

a. Skew Symmetric matrix
b. Symmetric matrix
c. Orthogonal Matrix
d. Singular Matrix

20. ……….. is the dimension of augmented cut set incidence matrix C UNIT I
a. e×b
b. e×l
c. e×e
d. e×n

21. ……….. is the dimension of bus incidence matrix C UNIT I

a. e×n
b. e×l
c. e×(n-1)
d. e×e

22. ……….. is the dimension basic loop incidence matrix B UNIT I

a. e×b
b. e×l
c. e×e
d. e×n
23. A set of unconnected elements is defined as …………. C UNIT I
a. Positive Sequence Network
b. Negative Sequence Network
c. Primitive Network
d. Non Primitive Network

24. The performance equation of the admittance matrix in the B UNIT I

branch frame of reference is
a. At[Y]A
b. Bt[Y]B
c. Ct[Y]C
d. {Bt[Y]B}-1

25. Number of trees for a given power system can be obtained B UNIT I
a. det [A]
b. det [A At]
c. det [At]
d. det [Z Zt]
26. Following node incidence matrix have D UNIT I

a. e=7, n=4, b=4, l=3

b. e=7, n=5, b=3, l=3
c. e=7, n=4, b=3, l=4
d. e=7, n=5, b=4, l=3

27. The performance equation of the impedance matrix in the loop C UNIT I
frame of reference is
a. At[Z]A
b. Bt[Z]B
c. Ct[Z]C
d. { Ct[Z]C}-1

28. Bus impedance matrix for a given power system is obtained by D UNIT I
……………..
a. Singular transformation
b. Algorithm Method
c. Step by step method
d. All of the above
29. If A is any bus incidence matrix then Ab × Kt = U is true for B UNIT I
a. Singular Square Matrix
b. Non Singular Square Matrix
c. Hermitian Matrix
d. Real Matrix

30. If A is any bus incidence matrix then A = A* is true for A UNIT I

a. Real Matrix
b. Pure Imaginary Matrix
c. Null Matrix
d. None of the above

31. If any branch is added to the partial network then the C UNIT II
dimension of resultant bus impedance matrix will be
a. n×n
b. n×(n+1)
c. (n+1)×(n+1)
d. (n-1)×(n-1)

32. The performance equation of an element in admittance B UNIT II

form is
a. vpq + epq = (ypq)-1. ipq
b. ipq + jpq = ypq . vpq
c. ypq + vpq = (ipq). (jpq)
d. All of the above
33. Bus impedance matrix for a given power system is obtained by D UNIT II
a. Singular transformation
b. Algorithm Method
c. Step by step method
d. All of the above
34. For Clarke’s components the balanced sequence impedances are B UNIT III
uncoupled for
a. Only rotating elements
b. Only stationary elements
c. Both stationary elements & rotating elements
d. None of the above
35. Which among the following quantities are to be D UNIT IV
determined in voltage controlled bus?

a. P and Q
b. Q and |V|
c. |V| and δ
d. Q and δ
36. Which among theses quantities are to be determined in a UNIT IV
slack bus?

a. P and Q
b. Q and |V|
 c. |V| and δ
d. Q and δ

37. Which among the following buses constitute the B UNIT IV

maximum number in a power system?

a. Slack bus
b. P Q bus
c. P V bus
d. All of these
e. None of these

38. What percentage of buses in the power system are D UNIT IV

generator buses?

a. 5 %
b. 25 %
c. 70 %
d. 10 %

39. Which among the following quantities are specified at B UNIT IV

the generator bus?

a. P and Q
b. P and |V|
c. Q and |V|
d. P and δ

40. Which among the following quantities are specified at A UNIT IV

the load bus?

a. P and Q
b. P and |V|
c. Q and |V|
d. P and δ

41. Why are load flow studies carried out? C UNIT IV

a. To study of stability of the system

b. For fault calculations
c. For planning the power system
d. All of these

42. In load flow studies of a power system, a voltage control b UNIT IV

bus is specified by
a. Real power and reactive power
b. Reactive power and voltage magnitude
 c. Voltage and voltage phase angle
d. Real power and voltage magnitude

43. In power system, the maximum number of buses are B UNIT IV

A. Generator buses
B. Load buses
C. Slack buses
D. P-V buses
44. In power system, if a voltage controlled bus is treated A UNIT IV
as a load bus then which one of the following limits
would be violated?
A. Voltage
B. Active power
C. reactive power
D. Phase angle
45. In a load flow analysis of a power system, the load D UNIT IV
connected at a bus is represented as
A. Constant current drawn from the bus
B. Constant impedance connected at the bus
C. Voltage and frequency dependent sources at the boss
D. Constant real and reactive power drawn from the
bus
46. The voltage of a particular bus can be controlled by B UNIT IV
controlling the
A. Active power of the bus
B. Reactive power of the bus
C. Phase angle
D. All of the above
47. Gauss-Seidel interative method can be used for solving a B UNIT IV
set of
A. Linear differential equations only
B. Linear algebraic equations only
C. Both linear and nonlinear algebraic equations
D. Both linear and nonlinear algebraic differential
equations
48. The Gauss-Seidel load flow method has following A UNIT IV
disadvantages, select the incorrect statement
A. Unreliable convergence
B. Slow convergence
C. Choice of a slack bus affects convergence
D. A good initial guess for voltages is essential for
convergence
49. Compared to Gauss-Seidel method, Newton-Raphson a UNIT IV
method takes
A. Less number of iterations and more time per
iteration
 B. Less number of iterations and less time per iteration
C. More number of iterations and more time per iteration
D. More number of iterations and less time per iteration
50. In a load flow study a PV bus is treated as a PQ bus when D UNIT IV
A. Voltage limit is violated
B. Active power limit is violated
C. Phase angle is high
D. Reactive power limit is violated
51. Advantages of gauss siedel method is/are A UNIT IV
a) calculation time for each iteration is less
b) number of iterations are less
c) applicable for large power system network
d) all of the above

52. For load flow studies, What are known the quantities specified B UNIT IV
at load bus are
a) P and V
b) P and Q
c) V and δ
d) δ and Q

53. Normally Z bus matrix is a B UNIT IV

a) null matrix
b) sparse matrix
c) full matrix
d) unit matrix
54. For n bus power system size of Y bus matrix is C UNIT IV
a) (n-1)×(n-1)
b) (n-2)×(n-2)
c) n×n
d) (n-1)×(n-2)

55. Sum of the elements of row i equal to shunt admittances C UNIT IV

connected to bus i. If this summation is zero, indicates there is
no
a) shunt admittance
b) mutual coupling
c) both 1 and 2
d) none of the above

56. A network containing 50 buses in which 10 are the voltage B UNIT IV

control buses, 6 are the generator buses. Find the size of the
Jacobian matrix?
a) 84*84
b) 83*83
c) 34*34
d) 33*33

57. Which of the following matrix is used for load flow studies? a UNIT IV
a) Y bus matrix
 b) Z bus matrix
c) Unit matrix
d) null matrix

58. If sparsity of a 5 bus transmission line is 0.4. Find the number of B UNIT IV
transmission lines?
a) 6
b) 5
c) 4
d) 3

59. A 4 bus power system consists of 4 transmission lines, then find A UNIT IV
the sparsity of Y bus matrix?
a) 0.25
b) 0.5
c) 0.75
d) 0.4

60. The value of off diagonal elements is A UNIT IV

a) which is connected between bus i and bus j
with negative sign
b) which is connected between bus i and bus j with
positive sign
c) sum of admittances connected at bus i
d) sum of admittances connected at bus j
61. In load flow studies PV bus is treated as PQ bus when C UNIT IV
a) phase angle become high
b) voltage at the bus become high
c) reactive power goes beyond limit
d) any of the above

62. For accurate load flow calculations on large power systems, the A UNIT IV
best method is
a) N-R method
b) G-S method
c) Decoupled method
d) Decoupled method

63. Which quantities are specified at a load bus in power system? C UNIT IV
a) I & V
b) V & Z
c) P & Q
d) I & Y
64. Which method is best for fast load flow solution? d UNIT IV
a) Gauss iteration method
b) Gauss Seidal method
c) Newton Raphson method
d) Fort decoupled load flow method
65. ……. value is suitable for acceleration factor for load flow C UNIT IV
studies?
a) 0
b) 1.1
c) 1.6
d) 1.73
66. Which quantities are specified at a voltage controlled bus? A UNIT IV
a) P & | V |
b) P & | I |
c) | V | & | I |
d) P & Q
67. ……………………… can solve load flow problem using a set C UNIT IV
of nonlinear equations to express the specified real & reactive
powers in terms of bus voltage
a) Gauss iteration method
b) Gauss Seidal method
c) Newton Raphson method
d) Fort decoupled load flow method
68. ………………………. is the equation of bus loading A UNIT IV
a) Pp – jQp = Ep*.Ip
b) Pp + jQp = Ep*.Ip
c) (Pp ).(jQp) = Ep*.Ip
d) Pp – jQp = Ep*/Ip
69. Limitation of Gauss-Seidal load flow analysis is D UNIT IV
a. Systems having large no of radial lines
b. Systems with short & long lines terminating on the same
bus
c. Systems having negative values of transfer admittances
d. All.
70. Which among the following curves represents the curve b UNIT V
for transient current?
 a. Only a
b. Only b
c. Only c
d. Only d
e. None of these
71. Which among these is the most severe fault? D UNIT V
a. Single line to ground fault.
b. Double line to ground fault
c. Line to line fault
d. Symmetrical fault.

72. On which among the following factors does the C UNIT V

magnitude of the fault current depend?
a. Total impedance upto the fault.
b. Voltage at the fault point
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. None of these
73. Which among the following methods are generally used D UNIT V
for the calculation of symmetrical faults?
a. Norton theorem
b. Thevnin’s theorem
c. Kirchhoff’s laws
d. Only (b) and (c)
e. All of these
74. Which among the following reactance have a greater c UNIT V
value?
a. Sub transient reactance
b. Transient reactance
c. Synchronous reactance
d. All of these
e. None of these
75. What is the expression for the symmetrical short circuit B UNIT V
current? If the total short circuit current consists of
two parts namely symmetrical short circuit current and
DC offset current.
a. (Vm / Z) * sin (ω + αt - θ)
b. (Vm / Z) * sin (ωt + α - θ)
c. (Vm * Z) * sin (ωt + αt - θ)
d. (V / Zm) * sin (ωt + α - θ)
76. In which portion of the transmission system is the C UNIT V
occurrence of the fault more common?
a. Alternators
b. Transformers
c. Transmission lines
d. Underground cables
77. Which among these is the most commonly occurring A UNIT V
fault?
a. Single line to ground fault.
b. Double line to ground fault
c. Line to line fault
d. Fault due to all the three phases to earth.
78. Which of the following fault results into a three phase D UNIT V
faults?
a. Single line to ground fault.
b. Double line to ground fault
c. Line to line fault
d. Fault due to all the three phases to earth.
79. Open conductor is a …….. type of fault B UNIT V
a) Shunt
b) Series
c) Unsymmetrical
80. ………. is a symmetrical fault D UNIT V
a) L-G
b) L-L
c) LL-G
d) 3- phase
81. L-L is a ………................. type of fault A UNIT V
a) Shunt
b) Series
c) Symmetrical
82. ……………………… is the equation of short circuit current for c UNIT V
the fault at any bus p for fault impedance matrix
a) Ip(F)012 = (ZF012 + Zpp012). Ep(0)012
b) Ip(F)012 = (ZF012 - Zpp012). Ep(0)012
c) Ip(F)012 = (ZF012 + Zpp012) -1. Ep(0)012
d) Ip(F)012 = (ZF012 - Zpp012) -1. Ep(0)012
83. ……………………… is the equation of voltage for the fault at B UNIT V
any bus p for fault impedance matrix
a) Ep(F)012 = ZF012 (ZF012 - Zpp012) -1. Ep(0)012
b) Ep(F)012 = ZF012 (ZF012 + Zpp012) -1. Ep(0)012
c) Ep(F)012 = ZF012 (ZF012 - Zpp012). Ep(0)012
d) Ep(F)012 = ZF012 (ZF012 + Zpp012). Ep(0)012
84. ……………………… is the equation of short circuit current for A UNIT V
the fault at any bus p for fault admittance matrix
a) Ip(F)012 = YF012 (U+ YF012Zpp012)-1. Ep(0)012
b) Ip(F)012 = YF012 (U- YF012Zpp012)-1. Ep(0)012
c) Ip(F)012 = YF012 (U+ YF012Zpp012). Ep(0)012
d) Ip(F)012 = YF012 (U- YF012Zpp012). Ep(0)012
85. ……………… is the relation between power angle δ in D UNIT VI
electrical & mechanical
a) δ = θe / ω0.t
b) δ = θe + ω0.t
c) δ = θe - 2ω0.t
d) δ = θe – ω0.t
86. What is the value of transient stability limit? B UNIT VI
a. Higher than steady state stability limit
b. Lower than steady state stability limit.
c. Depending upon the severity of load
d. All of these
e. None of these
87. By using which component can the transient stability B UNIT VI
limit of a power system be improved?
a. Series resistance
b. Series capacitor
c. Series inductor
d. Shunt resistance
88. What is transient stability limit? A UNIT VI
a. The maximum flow of power through a particular
point in the power system without loss of stability when
small disturbances occur.
b. The maximum power flow possible through a particular
component connected in the power system.
c. The maximum flow of power through a particular point
in the power system without loss of stability when large
and sudden disturbances occur
d. All of these
e. None of these
89. Which among the following methods is used for d UNIT VI
improving the system stability?
a. Increasing the system voltage
b. Reducing the transfer reactance
c. Using high speed circuit breaker
d. All of these
e. None of these
90. What is steady state stability limit? A UNIT VI
a. The maximum flow of power through a particular
point in the power system without loss of stability when
small disturbances occur.
b. The maximum power flow possible through a particular
component connected in the power system.
c. The maximum flow of power through a particular point
in the power system without loss of stability when sudden
disturbances occur
d. All of these
e. None of these
91. Which among these is a classification of power system D UNIT VI
stability?
a. Frequency stability
b. Voltage stability
c. Rotor angle stability
 d. All of these
e. None of these
92. The stability of the power system is not affected by B UNIT VI
which among these?
a. Generator reactance
b. Line losses
c. Excitation of generators
d. All of these
e. None of these
93. What is power system stability? B UNIT VI
a. The maximum power flow possible through a particular
component connected in the power system.
b. The ability of the power system to regain the state of
operating equilibrium point when the system is
subjected to any disturbances.
c. It is a phenomenon in which a power system losses its
operating equilibrium when subjected to large
disturbances.
d. All of these
e. None of these
94. The Critical Clearance time of a fault in the power system D UNIT VI
is related to
a) Reactive power limit
b) Short Circuit limit
c) Steady state stability limit
d) Transient stability limit
95. The equal area criteria of stability is used for: b UNIT VI
a) no load on the busbar
b) One machine and infinite busbar
c) More than one machine and infinite busbar
d) None of the above
96. If the torque angle of the alternator increases indefinitely C UNIT VI
the system will show:
a) Steady state stability limit
b) Transient state stability limit
c) Instability
d) None of the above
97. The steady state stability of the power system can be D UNIT VI
improved by:
a) Increasing the number of parallel lines between the
transmission points
b) Connecting capacitors in series with the line
c) Reducing the excitation of the machines
d) Both a and b
98. The transient stability limit of the power system can be C UNIT VI
increased by introducing:
 a) Series Inductance
b) Shunt Inductance
c) Series Capacitance
d) Shunt Capacitance
99. The inertia constant of the two machines which are not A UNIT VI
swinging together are M1 and M2. The equivalent inertia
constant of the system is:
a) M1-M2
b) M1+M2
c) M1M2/(M1+M2)
d) M1M2/(M1-M2)
100. Which of the following is TRUE about the assumptions of A UNIT VI
transient stability analysis:
a. Rotor speed is assumed to be asynchronous
b. Mechanical output is assume to remain constant
c. Shunt elements are neglected
d. Synchronous damping windings are included

Prof. Rahul Joge Prof. Rohan Ingle

Subject Teacher (CAPS) HOD,EE
1) The volume of copper required in case of three wire two phase ac systems is how many
wired dc system?
- Published on 23 Nov 15

a. 2/cos2φ
b. 1/2 cos2φ
c. 1.457/ cos2φ
d. 6/1.457 cos2φ
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 1.457/ cos2φ

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

2) How is the voltage and frequency controlled in automatic generation control?

- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. By controlling the excitation

b. By controlling the turbine action
c. Turbine speed control for voltage and excitation control for frequency
d. Excitation control for voltage and turbine speed control for voltage.
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Turbine speed control for voltage and excitation control for frequency
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

3) Which among the following curves represent the Heat Rate Curve?
- Published on 14 Oct 15
a. Only a
b. Only b
c. Only c
d. Only d
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Only b
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

4) What is the unit of transmission loss coefficient?

- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. MW
b. (MW)-1
c. Unit less
d. (MW)2
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: (MW)-1
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

5) What will be the penalty factor for a unit, if the generating station is located very close to
- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. Zero
b. Almost equal to unity
c. The penalty factor is negative
d. The value is very high
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Almost equal to unity

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

6) Which among the following curves represent the incremental fuel rate curve?
- Published on 14 Oct 15
a. Only a
b. Only b
c. Only c
d. Only d
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Only c
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

7) With the use of high speed circuit breakers, which among the following stability is increa
- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. Steady state stability

b. Transient stability
c. Frequency stability
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Transient stability

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

8) Which among these is related to the critical clearing time of a fault in a power system?
- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. Transient stability limit

b. Steady state stability limit
c. Frequency limit
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Transient stability limit

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!
9) Which among these cannot be determined from equal area criterion?
- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. Critical clearing angle

b. Critical clearing time
c. Transient stability limit
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Critical clearing time

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

10) What are the common assumptions made for the equal area criterion?
- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. The transmission line and machine resistances are neglected.

b. Rotor speed of the machine is constant
c. Mechanical input remains constant.
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: All of these

Fresh
•

Search
•
11) For which among the following cases is the equal area criterion of stability used?
- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. One machine and infinite bus bar

b. No load on bus bar
c. Many machines and infinite bus bar
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: One machine and infinite bus bar

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

12) Which stability information is obtained from the equal area criterion?
- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. Absolute stability
b. Transient stability
c. Steady state stability
d. Both (b) and (c)
e. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Absolute stability

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

13) Under what condition is the system stable under equal area criterion?
- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. The area under the curve Pa – δ curve must increase to ∞.

b. The area under the curve Pa – δ curve must become equal to 1
c. The area under the curve Pa – δ curve must reduce to zero.
d. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: The area under the curve Pa – δ curve must reduce to zero.
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

14) Why are the series capacitors used?

- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. Improve the voltage

b. Reduce the fault level
c. Compensate for line inductive reactance and improve the stability of the power system.
d. Improves the power factor
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Compensate for line inductive reactance and improve the stability of the power system.
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

15) Which among the following methods are used to improve steady state stability?
- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. Reducing the reactance between the transmission and receiving points.

b. By using bundled conductors.
c. By increasing the excitation of generator or motor or both.
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: All of these

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

16) Which curve represents the reluctance power in the following power angle curve of a m
- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. Curve A
b. Curve B
c. Curve C
d. Curve A and curve B
e. All the above
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Curve C
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

17) What is the range of ‘δ’ for stable operation?

- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. 0° < δ < 45°

b. 45° < δ < 90°
c. 0° < δ < 90°
d. 0° < δ < 120°
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 0° < δ < 90°

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

18) At what value of ‘δ’ the maximum power transfer takes place?
- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. 45 °
b. 90 °
c. 120 °
d. 180 °
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 90 °
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

19) What is power angle equation of synchronous machines?

- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. An equation between electrical power generated to the angular displacement of the rotor
b. An equation between mechanical power generated to the angular displacement of the rotor
c. An equation between electrical power generated to the angular displacement of stator windings
d. An equation between mechanical power generated to the angular displacement of stator winding
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: An equation between electrical power generated to the angular displacement of the rotor
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

20) Which point on the graph represents the steady state stability limit of the system?
- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. Point A
b. Point B
c. Point C
d. Point D
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Point A

21) What will be the inertia constant H, for a water wheel generator having a speed less tha
- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. 2 - 4
b. 2 - 3
c. 1 - 2
d. 5 - 6
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 2 - 3
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

22) What are the main applications of the swing curves?

- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. Designing the rotor field windings

b. Designing the protective devices
c. Used to limit the size of the machine
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Designing the protective devices

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

23) What information does the swing curve provide?

- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. Stability of the system.

b. Performance of the machine
c. The rotor performance
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Stability of the system.

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

24) What kind of differential equation is swing equation?

- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. Linear second order

b. Non linear first order
c. Linear first order
d. Non linear second order
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Non linear second order

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

25) What is / are the major assumptions made in the calculation of swing equations?
- Published on 14 Oct 15

a. Damper windings are neglected

b. The machine is lossless
c. The machine has to run at synchronous speed
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Both (a) and (b)

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

26) What is the fault current expression in case of LLG faults?

- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. If = 3 Ia1
b. If = 0
c. If = 3 Ia0
d. If = Ia1
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: If = 3 Ia0
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

27) For economic measure the generators at a power plant operate at _____________.
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Equal incremental cost

b. Equal loads
c. Equal power rating
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Equal incremental cost

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

28) Which among the following factors influence the cost of generation of electric power?
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Generator efficiency
b. Fuel cost
c. Transmission losses
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: All of these

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

29) Which among the following methods are highly accurate?

- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Gauss Seidel method

b. Newton Raphson method
c. Fast decoupled low flow method
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Newton Raphson method

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!
30) For what studies are the FDLF method used?
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Optimisation studies
b. Multiple load flow studies
c. Small size systems
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Both (a) and (b)

31) What type of convergence takes place in NR method?

- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Linear convergence
b. Geometric convergence
c. Quadratic convergence
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Quadratic convergence

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

32) Which among the following is / are used for the solution of load flow using FDLF metho
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. [(Δ P) / E] = [B' ] [Δ δ]
b. [(Δ Q) / E] = [B" ] [ Δ E]
c. [(Δ P) / E] = [B" ] [ Δ δ]
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Both (a) and (b)

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

33) Initially what will be the voltage at all the PQ buses for solving the load flow problem us
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Vi = 1 ∠ 90°
b. Vi = 1 ∠ 0°
c. Vi = 1 ∠ 180°
d. Vi = 1 ∠ 45°
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Vi = 1 ∠ 0°
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

34) What is the size of the sub matrix “H “of the jacobian, if n1 is the number of PV buses an
buses?
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. (n1 + n2)2
b. n1 * n2
c. (n1 + n2) n1
d. (n1 + n2) n2
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: (n1 + n2)2

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

35) What does the swing equation describe?

- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. The relative motion of rotor with the field windings of the machine
b. The relative motion of the rotor with respect to stator field as a function of time.
c. The relative motion of stator field with the rated frequency of the machine
d. The performance curve of the machine
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: The relative motion of the rotor with respect to stator field as a function of time.
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

36) What is the result of frequency instability?

- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Voltage collapse
b. Frequency swings
c. Tripping of generating units
d. Both (b) and (c)
e. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Both (b) and (c)

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

37) What is frequency stability?

- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. To maintain steady frequency following severe disturbance resulting in the imbalance between tr
b. To maintain steady frequency following severe disturbances resulting in the imbalance between
c. To maintain a steady frequency in all the protection components and the transmission lines.
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: To maintain steady frequency following severe disturbances resulting in the imbalance between
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

38) Which among the following phenomenon is generally associated with voltage stability?
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Temporary load reduction

b. Voltage is reduced
c. Voltage collapses
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: All of these

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

39) What is the main cause of voltage instability?

- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Generators
b. Transformers
c. Loads
d. Line losses
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Loads
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

40) What is voltage stability?

- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. To maintain steady voltages at all the buses after the occurrence of fault.
b. To maintain steady voltages at all the buses before the occurrence of fault.
c. To maintain the system frequency after the severe disturbances
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: To maintain steady voltages at all the buses after the occurrence of fault.

•
Fresh
 Search
•
41) On what factors does the transient stability depend on?
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Initial operating state

b. Severity of disturbances
c. Voltage instability
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Both (a) and (b)

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

42) What is / are the cause(s) for transient disturbance?

- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Sudden load changes

b. Faults in the power system
c. Switching operations
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: All of these

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

43) Which among these phenomenons is / are associated with angle stability?
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Imbalance between the two generator torque

b. Stability or synchronism is lost
c. Surplus energy is stored up in the rotating masses
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: All of these

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

44) What is the value of transient stability limit?

- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Higher than steady state stability limit

b. Lower than steady state stability limit.
c. Depending upon the severity of load
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Lower than steady state stability limit.

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

45) By using which component can the transient stability limit of a power system be improv
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Series resistance
b. Series capacitor
c. Series inductor
d. Shunt resistance
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Series capacitor

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

46) What is transient stability limit?

- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. The maximum flow of power through a particular point in the power system without loss of stabilit
disturbances occur.
b. The maximum power flow possible through a particular component connected in the power syste
c. The maximum flow of power through a particular point in the power system without loss of stabilit
disturbances occur
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: The maximum flow of power through a particular point in the power system without loss of stab
sudden disturbances occur
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

47) Which among the following methods is used for improving the system stability?
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Increasing the system voltage

b. Reducing the transfer reactance
c. Using high speed circuit breaker
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: All of these

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

48) What is steady state stability limit?

- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. The maximum flow of power through a particular point in the power system without loss of stabilit
disturbances occur.
b. The maximum power flow possible through a particular component connected in the power syste
c. The maximum flow of power through a particular point in the power system without loss of stabilit
disturbances occur
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques
ANSWER: The maximum flow of power through a particular point in the power system without loss of stab
disturbances occur.
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

49) Which among these is a classification of power system stability?

- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Frequency stability
b. Voltage stability
c. Rotor angle stability
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: All of these

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

50) The stability of the power system is not affected by which among these?
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Generator reactance
b. Line losses
c. Excitation of generators
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Line losses

Fresh
•

Search
•
51) What is power system stability?
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. The maximum power flow possible through a particular component connected in the power syste
b. The ability of the power system to regain the state of operating equilibrium point when the system
disturbances.
c. It is a phenomenon in which a power system losses its operating equilibrium when subjected to la
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: The ability of the power system to regain the state of operating equilibrium point when the syste
disturbances.
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

52) How are the zero sequence and negative sequence networks connected in case of LLG
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Parallel
b. Series
c. Can be connected in either way
d. Such type of connection does not exist
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Parallel
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

53) What is the expression for the current Ia2, if a double line to ground fault occurs on an u
through fault impedance?
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Ia2 = - Ia1 * (Z0 + 3Zf) / ( Z0 + Z2 + 3Zf)

b. Ia2 = - Ia1 * (Z0 + 3Zf + Z2) / ( Z0 + Z2 + 3Zf)
c. Ia2 = - Ia0 * (Z0 + Zf) / ( Z0 + Z2 + 3Zf)
d. Ia2 = - Ia1 * Z2 * (Z0 + 3Zf) / ( Z0 + Z2 + 3Zf)
Answer Explanation Related Ques
ANSWER: Ia2 = - Ia1 * (Z0 + 3Zf) / ( Z0 + Z2 + 3Zf)
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

54) What is the value of fault current If, if the neutral grounding is absent in LLG fault?
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. If = - 3 Ia1 ( Z2 / Z2 + Z1)
b. If = 0
c. If = √3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 + Z0)
d. If = 3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 + Z0)
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: If = 0
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

55) What will be the value of current Ia, if the fault occurs between the lines B, C and ground
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Ia = 1
b. Ia = 0
c. Ia = ∞
d. Ia = - (Ib + Ic )
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Ia = 0
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

56) What percentage of fault occurring in the power system is LLG fault?
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. 20 %
b. 30 %
c. 5 %
d. 10 %
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 10 %
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

57) What percentage of fault occurring in the power system is line to line fault?
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. 5 %
b. 30 %
c. 25 %
d. 15 %
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 15 %
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

58) Which among these is the connection diagram for line to line faults?
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Only a
b. Only b
c. Only c
d. Only d
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Only c
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

59) What is the expression for fault current in line to line fault?
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. If = √3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2)
b. If = 3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2)
c. If = √3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 + Z0)
d. If = 3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 + Z0)
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: If = √3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2)

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

60) What is the value of zero sequence impedance in line to line faults?
- Published on 19 Oct 15

a. Z0 = 1
b. Z0 = ∞
c. Z0 = 3 Zn
d. Z0 = 0
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Z0 = 0

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Search
•
61) Which among the following matrix is sparse?
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Jacobian matrix only

b. Y bus matrix only
c. Z bus matrix only
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Both (a) and (b)

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

62) What is the main drawback in NR method?

- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Slow to converge
b. A large memory allocation is required to store the jacobian matrix
c. The number of iterations is more
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: A large memory allocation is required to store the jacobian matrix

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

63) Which types of equations are solved using Newton Raphson method?
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Non linear differential equations

b. Linear differential equations
c. Non linear algebraic equations
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Non linear algebraic equations

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

64) To control which among the following is the regulating transformer used in a power sys
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Power flows
b. Frequency
c. Voltage
d. Power factor
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Power flows

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

65) What is the value of acceleration factor used in the GS method?

- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. 2.3 – 2.7
b. 1.6 – 2.0
c. 1.2 – 1.5
d. 2.4 – 2.9
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 1.6 – 2.0

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

66) Which among the following is the main assumption to solve a load flow problem by GS
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. All the buses are to be considered as PQ bus including the slack bus.
b. All the buses are to be considered as PV bus including the slack bus.
c. All the buses are to be considered as PQ bus excluding the slack bus.
d. All the buses are to be considered as PV bus excluding the slack bus.
Answer Explanation Related Ques
ANSWER: All the buses are to be considered as PQ bus excluding the slack bus.
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

67) Which among the following buses constitute the maximum number in a power system?
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Slack bus
b. P Q bus
c. P V bus
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: P Q bus
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

68) Which among theses quantities are to be determined in slack bus?

- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. P and Q
b. Q and |V|
c. |V| and δ
d. Q and δ
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: P and Q
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

69) What will be the sum of (IB + IY) in case of line to line fault, if the fault is occurring in the
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. ∞
b. 0
c. 1
d. IR
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 0
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

70) What happens to the value of the fault current in case of SLG fault, if fault impedance is
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. The fault current increase

b. The fault current remains same as in case of SLG fault.
c. The fault current becomes zero
d. The fault current is reduced
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: The fault current is reduced

71) What happens if the neutral is not grounded in case of the single line to ground fault?
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Only the zero sequence impedance will be zero

b. The zero sequence impedance will be infinite
c. Fault current will be zero
d. Both (b) and (c)
e. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Both (b) and (c)

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

72) Which among these is the connection diagram, in case of single line to ground fault?
- Published on 12 Oct 15
a. Only a
b. Only b
c. Only c
d. Only d
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Only a
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

73) What is the value of fault current If , in case of SLG fault?

- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. 3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 + Z0)
b. 2 * (Ea / Z1 + Z0)
c. 3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 )
d. 2 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 + Z0)
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 + Z0)

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!
74) What are the terminal conditions in case of SLG fault, if the fault occurs in the phase A?
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Vb = 0, Ia = 0, Ic = 0
b. Va = 0, Ib = 0, Ic = 0
c. Va = 0, Ia = 0, Ic = 0
d. Vb = 0, Ia = 0, Ib = 0
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Va = 0, Ib = 0, Ic = 0
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

75) What are cross country faults?

- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. A fault occurring at any point of the power system

b. Two or more faults occurring simultaneously on the power system
c. Line to line fault
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Two or more faults occurring simultaneously on the power system

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

76) What percentage of faults occurring is single line to ground fault?

- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. 50 %
b. 60 %
c. 35 %
d. 70 %
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 70 %
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!
77) What are the types of unsymmetrical faults?
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Single line to ground fault

b. Double line to ground fault
c. Line to line fault
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: All of these

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

78) What happens to the zero sequence currents, if the neutral in the Y connection is absen
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Minimum
b. Zero
c. Maximum
d. ∞
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Zero
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

79) Zero sequence currents cannot flow in which of the following connections?
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Delta
b. Star
c. Star – star
d. Both (b) and (c)
e. All of these
Answer Explanation

ANSWER: Delta
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

80) What is the value of negative sequence impedance?

- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. 1
b. Z
c. Same as positive sequence
d. ∞
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Same as positive sequence

81) In the absence of neutral what will be the value of Z0 ?

- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. 1
b. 0
c. Z
d. ∞
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: ∞
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

82) What is the value of the zero sequence impedance?

- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Z 0 = Z
b. Z 0 = Z + 2 Zn
c. Z 0 = Z + 3 Zn
d. Z 0 = 0
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Z 0 = Z + 3 Zn
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

83) Phase shift of symmetrical components happens in which among the following?
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Delta - delta
b. Star – delta
c. Delta – star
d. Both (b) and (c)
e. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Both (b) and (c)

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

84) For Y - Δ and Δ - Y transformers, the phase shift between the transformer windings is e
does ‘n’ represent in the equation?
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Number of windings
b. Number of turns
c. Turns ratio
d. Hour number
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Hour number

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

85) In the manufacture of transformers, ANSI prescribes certain standards. What is this sta
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. High voltage side should lead the low voltage side by 30° with Y - Δ or Y - Δ connections.
b. High voltage side should lead the low voltage side by 60° with Y - Δ or Y - Δ connections.
c. High voltage side should lag the low voltage side by 30° with Y - Δ or Y - Δ connections.
d. High voltage side should lag the low voltage side by 60° with Y - Δ or Y - Δ connections.
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: High voltage side should lead the low voltage side by 30° with Y - Δ or Y - Δ connections.
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

86) What will be the value of IC, if Ia1 = 100 ∠ 30° and Ib2 = 20 ∠ 90°?
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. 111.35 ∠ 21.05 °
b. 111.35 ∠ 15.05°
c. 111.35 ∠ 145.06°
d. 111.35 ∠ 158.94°
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 111.35 ∠ 158.94°

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

87) What will be the value of IA , if Ia1 = 100 ∠ 30° and Ib2 = 20 ∠ 90°?
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. 111.35 ∠ 21.05 °
b. 99.12 ∠ 73.47 °
c. 135.24 ∠ 23.45 °
d. 63.85 ∠ 21.05 °
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 111.35 ∠ 21.05 °

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

88) If the value of Ia = 100∠0° and Ib = 75∠-50° in a three phase three wire system, what will b
sequence current?
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. 23.12 ∠ -96.02 °
b. 59.12 ∠ -73.47 °
c. 76.21 ∠-84.25 °
d. 41.25 ∠ -36.85 °
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 59.12 ∠ -73.47 °

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

89) What is the value of the zero sequence current?

- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. 3 times the current in the neutral wire

b. 1 / 3 times the current in the neutral wire
c. √3 times the current in the neutral wire
d. Equal to the current in the neutral wire
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 1 / 3 times the current in the neutral wire

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

90) Which sequence component is represented by the following phasor?

- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Positive sequence
b. Zero sequence
c. Negative sequence
d. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Negative sequence

91) The positive sequence current is always equal to ______________.
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Always zero
b. 1/3 of the negative sequence current
c. Negative sequence current
d. 3 times the negative sequence current
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Negative sequence current

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

92) What is the value of (1+ a + a2)?

- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. 0
b. 1
c. -1
d. ∞
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 0
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

93) In what direction does the phasor get rotated if it is multiplied by the operator ‘a’?
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Anti clockwise
b. Clockwise
c. Gets rotated by 90° in the clockwise direction
d. Gets rotated by 90° in the anticlockwise direction
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Anti clockwise

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!
94) What is the value of the letter ‘a’ or ‘α’ which is commonly used in symmetrical compon
- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. 1 ∠ 90°
b. 1 ∠ 30°
c. 1 ∠ 120°
d. 1 ∠ -120°
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 1 ∠ 120°
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

95) A balanced three phase system consists of _________.

- Published on 12 Oct 15

a. Zero sequence currents only

b. Positive sequence currents only
c. Positive, negative and zero sequence currents
d. Only negative sequence currents
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Positive sequence currents only

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

96) Which among the following quantities are to be determined in voltage controlled bus?
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. P and Q
b. Q and |V|
c. |V| and δ
d. Q and δ
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Q and δ
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

97) What percentage of buses in the power system are generator buses?
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. 5 %
b. 25 %
c. 70 %
d. 10 %
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 10 %
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

98) Which among the following quantities are specified at the generator bus?
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. P and Q
b. P and |V|
c. Q and |V|
d. P and δ
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: P and |V|

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

99) Which among the following quantities are specified at the load bus?
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. P and Q
b. P and |V|
c. Q and |V|
d. P and δ
Answer Explanation Related Ques
ANSWER: P and Q
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

100) Why are load flow studies carried out?

- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. To study of stability of the system

b. For fault calculations
c. For planning the power system
d. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: For planning the power system

101) What is the element of the graph that is not included in the tree called?
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. Links
b. Branches
c. Oriented graph
d. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Links
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

102) Which among the following formulae is used for addition of an admittance element int
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. Yii new = Yii old - y

b. Yii new = Yii old + y
c. Yii new = Yii old - Yij old
d. Yii new = Yii old + Yij old
Answer Explanation Related Ques
ANSWER: Yii new = Yii old + y
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

103) What is an oriented graph?

- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. A connection of network topology, represented by replacing all physical elements by lines.

b. A graph in which the direction is assigned to each branch.
c. A graph where at least one path exists between any two nodes of the graph.
d. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: A graph in which the direction is assigned to each branch.

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

104) Why are series reactors used?

- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. Improve the transmission efficiency

b. Improve the power factor of the power system
c. To bring down the fault level with in the capacity of the switchgear instrument
d. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: To bring down the fault level with in the capacity of the switchgear instrument
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

105) What are zero sequence components?

- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. Three balanced phasors of equal magnitude and displaced by 120°

b. Three balanced phasors displaced by 120° and having phase sequence opposite to that of the o
c. Three phasors with equal magnitude and zero displacement.
d. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Three phasors with equal magnitude and zero displacement.

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

106) What does the positive sequence component consist of?

- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. Three balanced phasors of equal magnitude and displaced by 120°

b. Three unbalanced phasors displaced by 120°
c. Three phasors with equal magnitude and zero displacement.
d. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Three balanced phasors of equal magnitude and displaced by 120°

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

107) What is the percentage of occurrence of symmetrical faults?

- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. 10 %
b. 15 %
c. 5 %
d. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 5 %
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

108) What will be the multiplying factor if the speed of the circuit breaker is 2 cycles?
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. 2.2
b. 1.2
c. 2.8
d. 1.4
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 1.4
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

109) If the speed of the circuit breaker is 8 cycles or slower than that what will be the multip
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. 2.3
b. 1.0
c. 1.5
d. 1.7
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 1.0
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

110) What is the rated breaking capacity of the circuit breaker?

- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. The product of rated voltage and rated breaking current

b. The product of rated voltage and rated symmetrical breaking current
c. The product of fault voltage and breaking current
d. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: The product of rated voltage and rated symmetrical breaking current

Fresh
•

Search
•
111) What is the multiplication factor to be multiplied with symmetrical momentary current
presence of DC off set current?
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. 1.2
b. 1.5
c. 1.6
d. 2.5
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 1.6
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

112) Which among the following methods are generally used for the calculation of symmetr
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. Norton theorem
b. Thevnin’s theorem
c. Kirchhoff’s laws
d. Only (b) and (c)
e. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Only (b) and (c)

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

113) Which among the following reactance have a greater value?

- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. Sub transient reactance

b. Transient reactance
c. Synchronous reactance
d. All of these
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Synchronous reactance

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

114) On which among the following factors does the magnitude of the fault current depend
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. Total impedance upto the fault.

b. Voltage at the fault point
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Both (a) and (b)

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

115) Which among the following curves represents the curve for transient current?
- Published on 09 Oct 15
a. Only a
b. Only b
c. Only c
d. Only d
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Only b
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

116) What is the expression for the symmetrical short circuit current? If the total short circu
two parts namely symmetrical short circuit current and DC offset current.
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. (Vm / Z) * sin (ω + αt - θ)
b. (Vm / Z) * sin (ωt + α - θ)
c. (Vm * Z) * sin (ωt + αt - θ)
d. (V / Zm) * sin (ωt + α - θ)
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: (Vm / Z) * sin (ωt + α - θ)

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

117) Which among these is the most severe fault?

- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. Single line to ground fault.

b. Double line to ground fault
c. Line to line fault
d. Symmetrical fault.
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Symmetrical fault.

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!
118) In which portion of the transmission system is the occurrence of the fault more comm
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. Alternators
b. Transformers
c. Transmission lines
d. Underground cables
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Transmission lines

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

119) Which among these is the most commonly occurring fault?

- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. Single line to ground fault.

b. Double line to ground fault
c. Line to line fault
d. Fault due to all the three phases to earth.
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Single line to ground fault.

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

120) Which of the following fault results into a three phase faults?
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. Single line to ground fault.

b. Double line to ground fault
c. Line to line fault
d. Fault due to all the three phases to earth.
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Fault due to all the three phases to earth.

‘
121) Which among the following assumptions are made in the reactance diagram?
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. The neutral reactance are neglected

b. Static loads are neglected.
c. The capacitance of the transmission lines are neglected
d. Only a and c
e. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: All of these

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

122) What is the formula to calculate the (kV)B on the LT section?

- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. (kV)B on HT section * (HT voltage rating) / (LT voltage rating)

b. (kV)B on LT section * (HT voltage rating) / (LT voltage rating)
c. (kV)B on HT section * (LT voltage rating) / (HT voltage rating)
d. (kV)B on LT section * (LT voltage rating) / (HT voltage rating)
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: (kV)B on HT section * (LT voltage rating) / (HT voltage rating)

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

123) What is the formula to calculate the (kV)B on the HT section?

- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. (kV)B on HT section * (HT voltage rating) / (LT voltage rating)

b. (kV)B on LT section * (HT voltage rating) / (LT voltage rating)
c. (kV)B on HT section * (LT voltage rating) / (HT voltage rating)
d. (kV)B on LT section * (LT voltage rating) / (HT voltage rating)
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: (kV)B on LT section * (HT voltage rating) / (LT voltage rating)

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!
124) What is infinite bus in power system?
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. A large system with infinite voltage

b. A large system in which the voltage and frequency varies
c. A large system whose voltage and frequency remains constant throughout.
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: A large system whose voltage and frequency remains constant throughout.
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

125) What is the per unit impedance Z(Pu) in a three phase system?
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. ( Z * (MVA)B) / (KV)2
b. ( 1000 * (KV)B) / √3 IB
c. ( Z * (KV)2 ) / (MVA)B
d. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: ( Z * (MVA)B) / (KV)2

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

126) Which among these is the major advantage of per unit computations?
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. Per unit impedance of transformers is the same referred to either side of it.
b. For simulating steady state and transient models in the computer this method is very useful.
c. Manufactures usually specify the impedance of an apparatus in per unit system.
d. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: All of these

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

127) What will be the per unit impedance of a synchronous motor having a rating of 100 kV
reactance of 75 Ω / ph?
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. 0.043 pu
b. 0.057 pu
c. 0.036 pu
d. 0.298 pu
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: 0.043 pu
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

128) Which among these is the equivalent circuit for the synchronous motor?
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. Only a
b. Only b
c. Only c
d. Only d
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Only a
Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

129) What is the simplified diagram called, after omitting all resistances, static loads, capac
transmission lines and magnetising circuit of the transformer?
- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. Single line diagram

b. Resistance diagram
c. Reactance diagram
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. None of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: Reactance diagram

Explanation:
No explanation is available for this question!

130) What is the per unit system (PU)?

- Published on 09 Oct 15

a. A ratio of actual value in any units to the base or reference value in the same units
b. A ratio of the base or reference value in any units to the actual value in the same units.
c. Ratio of the square of the actual value in any units to the square of base or the reference value in
d. All of these
Answer Explanation Related Ques

ANSWER: A ratio of actual value in any units to the base or reference value in the same units
Short-circuit currents are due to

(a) single pnase to earth ault.

(b) phase to phase fault.

(c)all the three phases to earth fault.

d) all the three phases short-circuited.

any of the above.

2. The most serious consequence or a major uncleared short-circuit fault could be

a) blowing of fuse. b) fire.

c)heavy voltage drop. (d) none of these.

3. Which of the following results in a symmetrical fault 2

a) Single phase to earth.(b) Phase to phase.

(c)All the three phases to earth. (d) Two phases to earth.

4. Which portion of the transmission system is more prone to faults?

(a) Alternator. (b) Transformer.

(c) Overhead lines. (d) Underground cable.

5. Which portion of the power system is least prone to faults?

(a) Alternators. (b) Switchgear.

(c) Transformers. (d) Overhead lines.

6. The magnitude of fault current depends upon

(a)total impedance up to fault. (b) voltage at the fault point.

(C) load current being supplied before occurrence of fault.

(d) both (a) and (b).

7. The most common type of fault is

(a) single-phase to ground. (b) phase-to-phase.

(e) two-phase to ground. (d) three-phase to ground.

8. The maximum short-circuit current occurs in the case of

(a) a three-phase bolted fault. (b) a double line-to-ground fault.

(C) a line-to-line fault (d) a single line-to-ground fault.

9. For a fault at the terminals of synchronous generator, the fault

current is maximum for a

(a) 3-phase fault. (b) 3-phase to ground fault.

C line-to-ground fault. (d) line-to-line Fault.

10. The load currents in short-circuit calculation are neglected Because

1.short-circuit currents are much larger thanload currents

2.short Circuit currents are greatly out of phase with load currents

which of these statement(s) is/are correct?

(2) neither I nor 2 (b) 2 alone

c) 1 alone (d) 1 and 2

11. the per unit impedance Zpu in a 3-phase system is

(a) z(ohms) X (MVA)B (b)ohms) X (KV) (b)

(KVB (MVA)B

C) 1000 x(KV)DB (d) 1000 x(KVB

3Ig Ig x 10

****** Result for Image/Page 2 ******

L. pu is the per unit impedance on the power base S and volas

power base S and voltage base Vg? as VB What would be the per unit impedance on the ne

(a) u=Zpu Sp"Vnew (6) Z = zold DB VB sneWVold

S Vold (6) pu pu s VB B

(C) Zp = Zold >g V w =7old dB |.(d) Zpu pu new d pu B old

[U.P.S.C. LE.S. E.E.-IL, 2004]

13. for a given base voltage and base volt-amp, the per-unit impedance

value of an element is X. What will be the per-unit impedance value of this element when the
voltage and a volt-amp bases are both doubled?

(a) 4X (6) 2X

(C) A (d) 0.5X

14. The per-unit impedance of an alternator corresponding to das

values 13.2 kV and 30 MVA is 0.2 p.u. The p.u. value of the

impedance for base values of 13.8 kV and 50 MVA in pu will be

(a) 0.131 (b) 0.226

(C)0.305 (d) 0.364

15. An isolated synchronous generator with transient reactance equal to 0.1 pu on a 100 MVA base
is connected to the high voltage bus through a step-up transformer of reactance 0.1 pu on a 100
MVA base. The fault level at the bus is

(a) 1,000 MVA. (6) 500 MVA.

(c) 50 MVA. (d) 10 MVA.

[U.P.S.C. LE.S. E.E-I, 2000

16. Four alternators, each rated at 5 MVA, 11kV, with 20% reactance

are working in parallel. The short-circuit level at bus-bars is

(a) 6.25 MVA. (b) 20 MVA.

(c) 25 MVA. (d) 100 MVA.

17. A generator is connected through a 20 MVA, 13.8/138 kV step down transformer, to

transmission line, At the receiving end of the line a load is supplied through a step-down transformer
of 10 MVA, 138/69 kV rating. A 0.72 pu load, evaluated on load side transformer ratings as base
values, is supplied from the above system. For system base values of 10 MVA and 69 kV in load
circuit, the value of the load (in per unit) in generator circuit will be

(a) 36 (6) 1.44 (C) 0.72 (d) 0.18

18. A new generator having E1.4 <30 pu equivalent to (1.212+j0.70) pu] and synchronous reactance
'X, of 1.0 pu on the system base, is to be connected to a bus having voltage V, in the existing
power system. This excising power system can be represented by Thevenin's voltage Eth 0.9|0 pu in
series with Thevenin's impedance Zth=0.25 90" pu. The magnitude of the bus voltage

V,of the system in pu will be

(d) 0.900

(a) 0.990 (b) 0.973 (C)0.963

[GATE EE. 2004]

****** Result for Image/Page 3 ******

**"

sers: Y %4. (6). 3. (c). 4. (c). 5. (a). 6. (d). 7. (a), 8. (a). 9. (C). 10.(C%. ll. (a), 12. t6). 15. (d). 14. (C). I5.
(6), 16. (d1. 17. (a), 18. (b),

****** Result for Image/Page 4 ******

dt at
432. Load-flow study is carried out for

a) 1oad-frequency control. (b) planning of power y

(c) fault calculations.

(d) study of stability of the system.

433. Load-flow studies involve solving simultaneous

(a) linear algebraic equations. (b) non-linear algebraic equal

(c) linear differential equations. [UP.S.C. LES. EE-I,

(d) nonlinear differential equations.

430. (c), 431. (c), 432. (b), 433. (b),

****** Result for Image/Page 5 ******

434. In a Powe system, each bus Or node is associated with four quantities, namely

1.real power . 2. Reactive power 3. Bus voltage magnitude 4. phase angle of the bus voltage.

For load-flow solution, among these four, the number of quantities to be specified is

a)anyOne. (b) any two.

(d) all the four.

(c)any three.

[U.P.S.C. .E.S. E.E.-I1, 1998]

135.Consider the following quantities:

I. Real power 2. Reactive power

3. Power factor 4. Input current

5. Bus voltage magnitude 6. Bus voltage phase-

For the purpose of the load flow studies of a power system, each bus or node 1s associated with
which one of the combinations of the above Tour quantities?

() 1,3, 4 and 5 (b) 1,2,3 and 4

(c)2,3, and 6 (d) 1,2, 5 and 6

[UP.S.C. 1.E.S. E.E.-1, 2004)

436. flow studies of a power system, a voltage control bus is

Specified by:

(a) Real power and reactive power.

(b) Reactive power and voltage magnitude.

(c) Voltage and voltage phase angle.

(d) Real power and voltage magnitude.

437. Load bus is specified by

(a) P and V. (6) P and d. (C) P and |V[. (d) P and Q.

438. At slacks bus, which one of the following combinations of variables

IS Specified?

(a) IVI.8 6) P,Q C)P|VI (d) Q,IVI

(The symbols have their usual meaning) [UPS.C.L.ES, E.E-I, 2004

439. In a power system, the maximum number of buses are

(a) generator buses. (6) load buses,

(c) slack buses. (d) P-V buses.

440. Buses for load flow studies are classified as

1. Load bus 2. PV bus 3. Slacks bus

Which one of the following is the correct combination of the pair

of quantities specified having their usual meaning for different

buses ?

Load bus PV bus Slack us

ANS: P,Q P,|V| |V|, D

441. if a voltage controlled bus is treated as a load bus, then which one

of the following limits would be violated?

a) Voltage. (b) Active power

(C) Reactive power. (d) Phase angle.

442. in load-flow analysis, the load connected at a bus is represented as

a) constant current drawn from the bus

b) constant impedance connected at the bus.

c)voltage and frequency dependent source al ne bus

d)) Constant real and reactive power drawn from the bus. IGATE E.E. 19931

43. 1 the voltage of a particular bus can be controlled by controlling

a) active power of the bus.

(b) reactive power of the bus.

(C) phase angle. (d) both (a) and (b).

(e) (b) and (c).

****** Result for Image/Page 6 ******

444. A power system consists of two areas connected via a tie line.

while entering the data for load flow the tie line parameters and its

Connectivity data were inadvertently left out. If the load flow

Program is run with this incomplete data, then the load flow

calculations will converge only if

(a) One slack bus is specified in the first area.

(6) One slack bus is specified in the second arca.

(C) One slack bus is specified in either of the two areas.

(a) Two slack buses, one in each area, are specified

45. A power system consists of 2 areas (Area I and Area 2) Connected

By a single tie-line as shown in the figure. It is required to carry out

a load flow study on this system. While entering the network data.

the tie-line data (connectivity and parameters) is inadvertently left

out. If the load flow program is run with this incomplete data

(a) The load flow will converge only if the slack bus is specified

Area 1.

(6) The loadflow will converge only if the slack bus is specified

n Area 2.

(C)The loadflow will converge if the slack bus is specified in

either Area I or Ara 2.

(d) The loadflow will not converge if only one slack bus is

specified.

Tie Line

Area l Area 2

GATE E.E. 20021

446. The principal information obtained from load flow studies in a

power system are

1. magnitude and phase angle of the voltage at each bus.

2 . reactive and real power flows in each of the lines.

3. total power loss in the network.

4. transient stability limit of the system.

Select the correct answer from the codes given below:

(a) 1 and2 (b) 5 and 4

(C)1,2 and 3 (d) 2 and 4

TU.P.S.C. 1.ES. E.E.-I, 2001

447. YBUs as used in load flow study, and ZBUS as used for short circuit

study are

(a) the same. (b) inverse of each other.

(C)are not related to each other. TU.P.S.C. 1.E.S. E.E.-I1, 2003)

448. Which one of the following statements is correct?

The elements of each row of YBUS matrix for load flow studies in

power system add up to zero,

(a) always.

(b) if the shunt admittances at the buses are ignored.

(c)if mutual couplings between transmission lines are absent.

(d) if both (b) and (c) are satisfied.

449. The YbUS matrix of a 100-bus interconnected system is 90%

sparse. Hence the number of transmission lines in the system must

(a) 450 (6) S00 (C) 900 (d) 1,000

[UP.S.C. LE.S. E.E.-II, 20021

450. In matrix form, the equation of a 4 terminal network representing

a transmission line is

The two networks considered are

A) (B)

****** Result for Image/Page 7 ******

Awwes: 434. (b), 435. (d), 436. (d), 437. (d), 438. (a), 439. (b), 440. (6), 441. (a), 442. (d), 443. (b),
444. (d), 445. (d), 446. (a), 447. (c), 448. (d),

449. (C), 450. (a),

****** Result for Image/Page 8 ******

1 DE

ne possible transfer matrix for the networks (A) and (6) coua

YO

(ii) Z (iv) 1+YZ

Y (1+Yz) Y

ne correct combinations for the two networks (A) and (5), COUd

be

(a) i) and (i). (b) i) and (i).

(c) (i1) and (iv). (d) (111) and (iv).

[UP.S.C LE.S. E.E.-IL, 1997]

451. The bus admittance matrix of a power systems S given as

-js0 +j10 +j5

2+j10j30 +jl0

3+j5+jl0 -j25]

The impedance of line between bus 2 and 3 will be equal to

(a) +j0.1 (6)0.1 (c) +0.2 (d) j0.2

452. For the Y-bus matrix of a 4-bus system given in per, unit, buses

having shunt elements are

-5 2 2.5 0

2 -10 2.5

BUS2.5 2.5-9 4

044-8

(a) 3 and 4 (b) 2and 3 (c) 1 and 2 (d) 1,2 and4

453. The network shown in the given figure has impedances in pu is

indicated. The diagonal element Y2 of the bus admittance matrix

BUs Of the network is

*j0.1 +j0.1

O000 O000

20.0 20.0 20.0

(a)-19.8 (b) +j20.0 ()+0.2 (d)1995

[GATE E.E. 2005]

454. The bus impedance matrix Or a4-Dus power sy'stem is given by

j0.3435 j0.2860 j0.2723 j0.2277|1

j0.2860 j0.3408 j0.2586 j0.2414

busj0.2723 j0.2586 j0.2791 j0.2209

Lj0.2277 j0.2414 j0.2209 j0.2791

A branch having an impedance of j0.2 2is connected between

bus 2 and the reference. Then the values of Z22 new and Z23 ne of

the bus impedance matrix of the modified network are respectively

(a) j0.5408 Q and j0.4586 S2 (b) j0.1260 Q and j0.0956Q

(c) j0.5408 S2 and jU.U990 S(d) J0.1260 2 and j0.1630 2

[GATE E.E. 20031

****** Result for Image/Page 9 ******

455. In the network as shown n figure, the

marked parameters urc pu impedances The

bus-admtance matrix or the network twork i

(a)5 s (b10

5 10

32

-10 5 -5

(d)5-10

456. A Sample power system 01

network 1s shown in the

1) TT

figure. The reactances

marked are in pu. what is

the pu value of Y22 of the

Bus Admittance Matrix

Bus

(a)j10.0 (b) j0.5

()0.1 d) -20.0

457. Gauss-Seidel iterative method can be used for solving a set of

(a) linear differential equations only.

(b) linear algebraic equations only.

(c)both linear and nonlinear algebraic equations

(d) both linear and nonlinear differential equations.

TE

458. The Gauss Seidel load flow method has following disadvantages Tick the incorrect
statement.

(a) Unreliable convergence b) Slow convergence.

(c) Choice of slack bus affects convergence.

(d) A good initial guess for voltages is essential for convergence

459. Compared to Gauss-Seidel method, Newton-Raphson method takes

(a) less number of iterations and more time per iteration.

(6) less number of iterations and less time per iteration.

(c) more number of iterations and more time per iteration,

(d)more number of iterations and less time per iteration.

460. Consider the following statements in respect of load 1ow studies

in power systems

1.Bus admittance matrix is a sparse matrix

2.GausS-Seidel method is preferred over Newton-KIji

method for load flow studies.

3.One of the buses is taken as slack bus in load

which of the statements given above are correct

(a) 1,2 and 3. (D) 1 and 4.

(c) I and3. (d) 2 and

461. In the solution of load-flow equati0, -Raphson

method is superior to the Gauss-Seidel (Ud N method

ans: convergence characteristics of the NR method are not affected by the selection of slack bus

462. Regulating transformers used in power systems for control of

a)voltage b) power tactor. (d)all of the above

(C) power flow.

****** Result for Image/Page 10 ******

Answers: 451. (a), 452. (C), 453. (d), 454. (6), 455. (a), 456. (d), 457. (b), 458. (a), 459. (a), 460. (c),
461. (d), 462. (C)%
Multiple Choice Questions =

12.1 The study of steady state stability is concerned with the upper limit of machine loadinqs before
losing synchronism when the load is gradually increased

(a) True (b) False

12.2 When there is a sudden disturbance in the power system, rotor speed, rotor angular difference
and power transfer undergo fast changes whose magnitude depends upon the severity of
disturbance comes under the study of

(a) Dynamic stability (b) Transient stability

(c) Steady state stability (d) None of the above

12.3 When synchronising co-efficient is positive, the torque angle increases on small power
increment and the synchronism is soon lost

(a) True (b) False

12.4 For transient stability analysis, as long as equal area criterion is satisfied, the maximum angle
which rotor angle can oscillate is

(a) 90° (b) 45 (c) Greater than 90° (d) Less than 90

12.5 For a turbo alternator of 100 MVA, the inertia constant is 5 . The value of H for a alternatorof
MVA is

(d) 15 (a)8 (b) 12 (c)10

12.6 By using the method of equal area criterion, we get the information about

(a) Swing curves (b) Stability region (c) Relative stability (d) Absolute stability

12.7 For a power system we can improve the steady state stability limit by

(a) Single pole switching(b) Reducing faut clearing fit:

(c) Using double circuit line instead of single circuite line (d) Decreasing the generator inertia

12.8 For a fault in a power system, the term critical clearing time is related to

(a) Reactive power limit (b) Transient stability limit

(c) Short circuit current limit (d) Steady state stability limit

12.9 A shunt reactor is added at the infinite bus, which is fed by the synchronous generator. The
stability limit will

(a) Decrease (b) Increase (C) Remains the same (d) Any of the above

12.10 For stable operation, the normal value of d normally lies between (d) 0 to 180

(a) 0 to 30° (b) 0 to 90° (c) 0 to 60°

 MCQ_CAPS

1) How is the voltage and frequency controlled in automatic generation control?

a. By controlling the excitation
b. By controlling the turbine action
c. Turbine speed control for voltage and excitation control for frequency
d. Excitation control for voltage and turbine speed control for voltage.

2) With the use of high speed circuit breakers, which among the following stability is
increased?
a. Steady state stability
b. Transient stability
c. Frequency stability
d. All of these
e. None of these

3) Which among these is related to the critical clearing time of a fault in a power system?
a. Transient stability limit
b. Steady state stability limit
c. Frequency limit
d. All of these
e. None of these

4) Which among these cannot be determined from equal area criterion?

a. Critical clearing angle
b. Critical clearing time
c. Transient stability limit
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. All of these

5) What are the common assumptions made for the equal area criterion?
a. The transmission line and machine resistances are neglected.
b. Rotor speed of the machine is constant
c. Mechanical input remains constant.
d. All of these
e. None of these

6) For which among the following cases is the equal area criterion of stability used?
a. One machine and infinite bus bar
b. No load on bus bar
c. Many machines and infinite bus bar
d. All of these
e. None of these

7) Under what condition is the system stable under equal area criterion?
a. The area under the curve Pa – δ curve must increase to ∞.
b. The area under the curve Pa – δ curve must become equal to 1
c. The area under the curve Pa – δ curve must reduce to zero.
d. None of these

8) Why are the series capacitors used?

a. Improve the voltage
b. Reduce the fault level
c. Compensate for line inductive reactance and improve the stability of the power system.
d. Improves the power factor

9) Which among the following methods are used to improve steady state stability?
a. Reducing the reactance between the transmission and receiving points.
b. By using bundled conductors.
c. By increasing the excitation of generator or motor or both.
d. All of these
e. None of these

10) What is the range of ‘δ’ for stable operation?

a. 0° < δ < 45°
b. 45° < δ < 90°
c. 0° < δ < 90°
d. 0° < δ < 120°

11) At what value of ‘δ’ the maximum power transfer takes place?
a. 45 °
b. 90 °
c. 120 °
d. 180 °

12) What is power angle equation of synchronous machines?

a. An equation between electrical power generated to the angular displacement of the rotor
b. An equation between mechanical power generated to the angular displacement of the rotor
c. An equation between electrical power generated to the angular displacement of stator windings
d. An equation between mechanical power generated to the angular displacement of stator windings

13) What are the main applications of the swing curves?

a. Designing the rotor field windings
b. Designing the protective devices
c. Used to limit the size of the machine
d. All of these
e. None of these

14) What information does the swing curve provide?

a. Stability of the system.

b. Performance of the machine
c. The rotor performance
d. All of these
e. None of these

15) What kind of differential equation is swing equation?

a. Linear second order
b. Non linear first order
c. Linear first order
d. Non linear second order
16) What is / are the major assumptions made in the calculation of swing equations?
a. Damper windings are neglected
b. The machine is lossless
c. The machine has to run at synchronous speed
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. All of these

17) What is the fault current expression in case of LLG faults?

a. If = 3 Ia1
b. If = 0
c. If = 3 Ia0
d. If = Ia1

18) Which among the following methods are highly accurate?

a. Gauss Seidel method
b. Newton Raphson method
c. Fast decoupled low flow method
d. All of these
e. None of these

19) For what studies are the FDLF method used?

a. Optimisation studies
b. Multiple load flow studies
c. Small size systems
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. All of these

20) What type of convergence takes place in NR method?

a. Linear convergence
b. Geometric convergence
c. Quadratic convergence
d. All of these
e. None of these

21) Which among the following is / are used for the solution of load flow using FDLF
method?
a. [(Δ P) / E] = [B' ] [Δ δ]
b. [(Δ Q) / E] = [B" ] [ Δ E]
c. [(Δ P) / E] = [B" ] [ Δ δ]
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. All of these

22) Initially what will be the voltage at all the PQ buses for solving the load flow problem
using NR method?
a. Vi = 1 ∠ 90°
b. Vi = 1 ∠ 0°
c. Vi = 1 ∠ 180°
d. Vi = 1 ∠ 45°
23) What is the result of frequency instability?
a. Voltage collapse
b. Frequency swings
c. Tripping of generating units
d. Both (b) and (c)
e. All of these

24) How are the zero sequence and negative sequence networks connected in case of LLG
faults?

a. Parallel
b. Series
c. Can be connected in either way
d. Such type of connection does not exist

25) What is the expression for the current Ia2, if a double line to ground fault occurs on an
unloaded generator through fault impedance?

a. Ia2 = - Ia1 * (Z0 + 3Zf) / ( Z0 + Z2 + 3Zf)

b. Ia2 = - Ia1 * (Z0 + 3Zf + Z2) / ( Z0 + Z2 + 3Zf)
c. Ia2 = - Ia0 * (Z0 + Zf) / ( Z0 + Z2 + 3Zf)
d. Ia2 = - Ia1 * Z2 * (Z0 + 3Zf) / ( Z0 + Z2 + 3Zf)

26) What is the value of fault current If, if the neutral grounding is absent in LLG fault?
a. If = - 3 Ia1 ( Z2 / Z2 + Z1)
b. If = 0
c. If = √3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 + Z0)
d. If = 3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 + Z0)

27) What will be the value of current Ia, if the fault occurs between the lines B, C and
ground?
a. Ia = 1
b. Ia = 0
c. Ia = ∞
d. Ia = - (Ib + Ic )

28) What percentage of fault occurring in the power system is LLG fault?
a. 20 %
b. 30 %
c. 5 %
d. 10 %

29) What percentage of fault occurring in the power system is line to line fault?
a. 5 %
b. 30 %
c. 25 %
d. 15 %
30) What is the expression for fault current in line to line fault?

a. If = √3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2)
b. If = 3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2)
c. If = √3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 + Z0)
d. If = 3 * (Ea / Z1 + Z2 + Z0)

31) What is the value of zero sequence impedance in line to line faults?
a. Z0 = 1
b. Z0 = ∞
c. Z0 = 3 Zn
d. Z0 = 0

32) Which among the following matrix is sparse?

a. Jacobian matrix only
b. Y bus matrix only
c. Z bus matrix only
d. Both (a) and (b)
e. All of these

33) What is the main drawback in NR method?

a. Slow to converge
b. A large memory allocation is required to store the jacobian matrix
c. The number of iterations is more
d. All of these
e. None of these

34) To control which among the following is the regulating transformer used in a power
system?

a. Power flows
b. Frequency
c. Voltage
d. Power factor

35) What is the value of acceleration factor used in the GS method?

a. 2.3 – 2.7
b. 1.6 – 2.0
c. 1.2 – 1.5
d. 2.4 – 2.9

36) Which among the following buses constitute the maximum number in a power system?
a. Slack bus
b. P Q bus
c. P V bus
d. All of these
e. None of these

37) Which among theses quantities are to be determined in slack bus?

a. P and Q
b. Q and |V|
c. |V| and δ
d. Q and δ

38) What will be the sum of (IB + IY) in case of line to line fault, if the fault is occurring in
the B and Y lines?
a. ∞
b. 0
c. 1
d. IR

39) What happens to the value of the fault current in case of SLG fault, if fault impedance is
introduced?

a. The fault current increase

b. The fault current remains same as in case of SLG fault.
c. The fault current becomes zero
d. The fault current is reduced

40) What happens if the neutral is not grounded in case of the single line to ground fault?
a. Only the zero sequence impedance will be zero
b. The zero sequence impedance will be infinite
c. Fault current will be zero
d. Both (b) and (c)
e. All of these
 GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY, NAGPUR
DEPT. OF ELECTRICAL ENGG.

Sample MCQ for CAPS

1. Which of the following indicates loop incidence matrix?

a. [A]
b.[B]
c. [C]
d. [K]

2. Connected graph will contain following elements?

a. node
b. loop
c. cutest
d. All of these

3. If a graph contains 5 elements and 3 nodes then no. of links in that graph will be
a. 3
b. 2
c. 4
d. 5

4. The incidence of elements of connected graph to the basic cut sets is indicated by
a. [A]
b. [B]
c. [C]
d. [K]

5. Matrix transformation At[y]A is

a. Diagonal
b. Non-singular
c. Singular
d. None of these

6.Addition of one branch in exisiting Zbus (M x N) results in

a. size of matrix dimention by (M+1) x (N+1)
b. size of matrix dimention by (M-1) x (N-1)
c. Size of matrix Remains unchanged
d. None of these
7. Addition of one link in exisiting Zbus (M x N) results in
a. size of matrix dimention by (M+1) x (N+1)
b. size of matrix dimention by (M-1) x (N-1)
c. Size of matrix Remains unchanged
d. None of these

8. Existing Zbus (M x N) matrix will be modified when

a. any of the transmission line of open by breaker
b. any new transmission line is added into network
c. Any power system element is removed
d. All of These

9. Why are load flow studies carried out?

a. To study of stability of the system
b. For fault calculations
c. For planning the power system
d. All of these

10. Which among the following quantities are specified at the generator bus?
a. P and Q
b. P and |V|
c. Q and |V|
d. P and δ

11. For n bus power system size of Y bus matrix is

a. (n-1)×(n-1)

b. (n-2)×(n-2)

c.nxn

d. (n-1)×(n-2)

12. Which of the following matrix is used for load flow studies?
Y bus matrix
Z bus matrix
Unit matrix
null matrix

13. For accurate load flow calculations on large power systems, the best method is
Neuton raphson method
Gauss-Seidel method
fast Decoupled method
all of the above
14. For load flow studies, What are the quantities specified at load bus are
P and V
P and Q
V and δ
δ and Q

15. Which of the following is/are advantages of N-R method?

Number of iterations are less
Applicable for large power system network
Time taken for each iteration is less
both 1 and 2

16. As per dynamics of synchronous machine, product of G(KVA) and H(KJ/KVA) represents,
a. Kinetic energy in rotor
b. Speed of rotor
c. Inertia
d. None of these

17. What are the stages of faults considered under stability study?
a. Prefault
b. During fault
c. Post fault
d. All of these

18. Swing equation deals with

a. Balance between Electrical and Mechanical Output
b. Accelerating power
c. Dynamics of rotor and power output
d. All of these

19. Incidence of elements to nodes in connected matrix is

a. [Ȃ] b. [B] c.[C] d.[K]

20. In stability analysis, runge-Kutta 4th order approximation is a

a. Iterative process b. static process c. dynamic process d. none of these

By,
Prof.A.S.Welankiwar
On slack bus _________ and ___________ are specified:
1. Voltage Magnitude, Real power
2. Voltage Magnitude, Phase angle
3. Active, Reactive power
4. Active power, phase angle
Correct answer: 2. Voltage Magnitude, Phase angle

High-speed breakers impact:

1. Transient stability
2. Steady-state stability
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 1. Transient stability

___________ are designed on the basis of swing curve:

1. Rotor windings
2. Stator windings
3. Transformer windings
4. Protection devices
Correct answer: 4. Protection devices

The major cause of voltage instability is:

1. Transformer
2. Generator
3. Load
4. Transmission lines
Correct answer: 3. Load

Which of the following is a sparse matrix:

1. Jacobian matrix
2. Y bus matrix
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Both of these

Which type of convergence takes place in Newton Raphson method:

1. Linear convergence
2. Quadratic convergence
3. Cubic convergence
4. None of these
Correct answer: 2. Quadratic convergence

Equal area criterion is applicable to:

 1. Single machine connected to infinite bus
2. Two machines connected to infinite bus
3. Multi machine system connected to infinite bus
4. All of these
Correct answer: 1. Single machine connected to infinite bus

The quantity H in swing equation is:

1. Kelvin constant
2. Motion of synchronous motor/3.55
3. Inertia constant
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. Inertia constant

With respect to Graph theory in Power System Analysis for n number of

nodes the rank of graph is:
1. n+2
2. n
3. n-1
Correct answer: 3. n-1

The approximate number of iteration required for n-bus system in

Newton-Raphson method is:
1. 1
2. n
3. 3
4. n^2
Correct answer: 3. 3

The speed of fast decoupled load flow method, when compared to the
Newton-Raphson method, is approximate:
1. Five times slower as compared to N-R method speed per iteration
2. Same
3. Two times faster N-R method speed per iteration
4. Five times faster the N-R method speed per iteration
Correct answer: 4. Five times faster the N-R method speed per iteration

The state variables in load flow studies are:

1. P and Q
2. P and IVI
3. P and δ
4. IVI and δ
Correct answer: 4. IVI and δ
The dimension of the bus incidence matrix is:
1. e x (n- I)
2. exn
3. e x (n-+I)
4. exe
Correct answer: 1. e x (n- I)

Base current in amperes is mathematically expressed as:

1. Base KVA / Base KV (line to line)
2. Base KVA / √3 Base KV (line to line)
3. Base KVA / 3 Base KV (line to line)
4. 1.5 * Base KVA / Base KV (line to line
Correct answer: 2. Base KVA / √3 Base KV (line to line)

The interconnection between the electrical and mechanical side of the

synchronous machine is mathematically expressed by an equation
known as:
1. EM Theorem
2. Swing equation
3. Sparsity
4. Superposition principle
Correct answer: 2. Swing equation

Which of the following is an objective of short circuit calculations:

1. Evaluations of short-circuit withstand ratings of bus bars
2. Calculation of fault voltage dips
3. Protective relaying short-circuit requirement evaluation
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

The higher the X/R ratio, the _________ is the time for which the
asymmetry in the total current will be sustained:
1. Shorter
2. Longer
Correct answer: 2. Longer

Statement: In unbalanced three phase system it is quite sufficient to

determine the currents and voltages in one phase, and then displace
two other two phases:
1. Statement is correct
 2. Statement is false
3. Statement may be correct sometimes and false other times
Correct answer: 2. Statement is false

Which of following is the correct statement about effect grounded

systems:
1. X0/X1 < 1.98, and R0/X0 <7
2. X0/X1 < 8, and R0/X0 <3
3. X0/X1 < 5, and R0/X0 <2
4. X0/X1 < 3, and R0/X0 <1
Correct statement: 4. X0/X1 < 3, and R0/X0 <1

A graph that can be drawing without crossover of edges is termed as:

1. Planar graph
2. Non-planar graph
Correct answer: 1. Planar graph

Short circuit kVA is defined as the product of ________ voltage and

__________ current:
1. Normal, Normal
2. Short circuit, Normal
3. Short circuit, Short circuit
4. Normal, Short circuit
Correct answer: 4. Normal, Short circuit

Base impedance in ohms is mathematically expressed as:

1. [Base voltage in kV (line to line) ] * 1000 / Base kVA
2. [Base voltage in kV (line to line) ]^2 * 1000 / Base kVA
3. [Base voltage in kV (line to line) ]^3 * 1000 / Base kVA
4. None of these
Correct answer: 2. [Base voltage in kV (line to line) ]^2 * 1000 / Base kVA

Which of the following statements is correct about Per unit system:

1. Transformer connections affect the per unit values
2. Referring electrical quantities from one side of the transformer to the other side
can be avoided
3. Very often per unit impedances expand to very narrow range
4. None of these
Correct answer: 2. Referring electrical quantities from one side of the
transformer to the other side can be avoided

H in swing equation is defined as:

 1. KE * S
2. KE/S
3. 2KE + 2S
4. 4KE/S
Correct answer: 2. KE/S

Which of the following statement is false about Graph theory in PSA:

1. An element of a graph is called an edge
2. For n number of nodes the rank of graph is n-1
3. Each current source is replaced by a short circuit in a graph
4. Planar graph is the one can be drawing without edges cross-over
Correct answer: 3. Each current source is replaced by a short circuit in a
graph

The number of edges connected to a vertex or node is called:

1. Degree
2. Rank
3. Path
4. Sub graph
Correct answer: 1. Degree

Which of the following is an advantage of sparse systems:

1. Reduced round off errors
2. Small storage requirement
3. Direct solutions can be obtained faster
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

If the rotor angle δ in swing curve increases indefinitely it means:

1. System is unstable
2. System is stable
3. System is highly stable
Correct answer: 1. System is unstable

Certain graph has 4 nodes and 7 elements, the number of links is:
1. 3
2. 4
3. 11
4. 28
Correct answer: 2. 4

Explanation:
Formula: l = e – n + 1 = 7 – 4 + 1 = 4

At a slack bus the quantities specified are:

1. P and Q
2. P and IVI
3. P and δ
4. IVI and δ
Correct answer: 4. IVI and δ

At a load bus the quantities specified are:

1. P and Q
2. P and IVI
3. P and δ
4. IVI and δ
Correct answer: 1. P and Q

Which one of the following is a correct statement?

1. 1 + a + a2 = 0
2. 1 – a + a2 = 0
3. 1 – a + a2 = 0
4. 1 – a – a2 = 0
Correct answer: 1. 1 + a + a2 = 0

The number of nodes and the number of branches in a tree are related
by:
1. b=n
2. b = n+1
3. b = n-1
4. b = 2n
Correct answer: 3. b = n-1

In star-delta or delta-star transformers the positive sequence line

voltage on one side leads the corresponding line voltage on the other
side by an angel of:
1. 0°
2. 30°
3. 60°
4. 90°
Correct answer: 2. 30°

What are some assumptions made for the equal area criterion:
 1. Mechanical input remains constant
2. The transmission line and machine resistances are neglected
3. Rotor speed of the machine is considered constant
4. All of these
Correct answer: 4. All of these

The dimension of bus incidence matrix is:

1. exn
2. ex(n-1)
3. ex(n+1)
4. ex(n+2)
Correct answer: 2. ex(n-1)

Z bus matrix is best defined as:

1. Sparse matrix
2. Dense matrix
3. Empty matrix
4. Half matrix
Correct answer: 2. Dense matrix

Which of the following is correct about Z bus matrix:

1. Zbus = Ybus
2. Zbus = 2.Ybus
3. Zbus = Ybus-1
4. Zbus = Ybus3
Correct answer: 3. Z = Ybus bus-1

A sparse matrix is the one whose most elements are:

1. Zero
2. Unity
3. Equal to 5
4. Higher than 88
Correct answer: 1.Zero

A matrix will be sparse when its sparsity is greater than:

1. 0.1
2. 0.25
3. 0.4
4. 0.5
Correct answer: 4. 0.5

In element node incidence matrix if the pth element is incident to and

directed away from q the node, then which of following is correct:
 1. αpq = 1
2. αpq = -1
3. αpq = 0
Correct answer: 1 α = 1pq

If e is number of elements and n is number of nodes in graph, then the

element-node incidence matrix will have the dimensions:
1. e*n
2. e/n
3. e+n
4. e-n
Correct answer: 1. e*n

With respect to branch-path incidence matrix If the pth branch is in the

path from qth bus to reference and oriented in the opposite direction
then:
1. Kpq = -1
2. Kpq = 1
3. Kpq = 0
Correct answer: 1. K = -1
pq

Susceptance is _________ part of ____________:

1. Real, Admittance
2. Imaginary, Admittance
3. Real, Conductance
4. Imaginary, Conductance
Correct answer: 2. Imaginary, Admittance

The dimension of bus incidence matrix is:

1. exn
2. ex(n-1)
3. ex(n+1)
4. ex(n+2)
Correct answer: 2. ex(n-1)

With respect to branch-path incidence matrix if the pth branch is in the

path from qth bus to reference and oriented in the same direction
then:
1. Kpq = -1
2. Kpq = 1
3. Kpq = 0
Correct answer: 2. K = 1pq
In element node incidence if pth element is not incident to qth node
then which of following is correct:
1. αpq = 1
2. αpq = -1
3. Both of these
4. None of these
Correct answer: 3. None of these

In element node incidence matrix if the pth element is incident to and

directed towards the q the node, then which of following is correct:
1. αpq = 1
2. αpq = -1
3. αpq = 0
Correct answer: 2 α = -1pq

Theory of Incidence matrix graph

1. e is the number of elements. Here we have 6 elements (1,2,3,4,5,6)
2. n is the number of nodes. Here we have 4 nodes (0,1,2,3)
3. The dimension of the element-node incidence matrix is e*n
4. If q is supposed a node, and p is an element then the incidence is indicated by the
following:
1. α_pq =1; if p is directed away from q
2. α_pq =-1; if p is directed towards q
3. α_pq =-1; if p is not incident to q
Observe the graph below and then answer questions below.
Which alphabet will be replaced by E
If E represents the number of elements in element incidence node
matrix then which alphabet in the table will be replaced by E:
1. A
2. B
Correct answer: 1. A

Which alphabet will be replaced by

N
If N represents the number of nodes in element incidence node matrix
then which alphabet in the table will be replaced by N:
1. A
2. B
Correct answer: 2. B

What is the dimension of Element

Node Incidence matrix
If E is number of elements and N is number of nodes then dimension of
Element node incidence matrix is:
1. E*N
2. E/N
3. E+N
4. E-N
Correct answer: 1. E*N

J will be replaced by which number

J will be replaced by which number:
1. 0
2. 1
3. -1
Correct answer: 2. 1

Since 4 is directed away from 3, J will be replaced by 1

K will be replaced by which number

K will be replaced by which number:
 1. 0
2. 1
3. -1
Correct answer: 2. 1

X will be replaced by which number

K will be replaced by which number:
1. 0
2. 1
3. -1
Correct answer: 3. -1

Y will be replaced by which number

Y will be replaced by which number:
1. 0
2. 1
3. -1
Correct answer: 2. 1

Z will be replaced by which number

Z will be replaced by which number:
1. 0
2. 1
3. -1
Correct answer: 3. -1
Dashboard / My courses /
CAPS /
General /
Quiz- 2

Started on Tuesday, 8 June 2021, 5:46 PM

State Finished
Completed on Tuesday, 8 June 2021, 5:49 PM
Time taken 3 mins 32 secs
Grade 40.00 out of 40.00 (100%)

Question 1
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

For Fig.1  Select node 1 as reference node, Bus incidence matrix is given by

Fig.1

Select one:
a. [1 0 0 1 0 ;-1 0 -1 0 0; 0  1 -1 0 0 ; 0 1 0 0 -1 ; 1 1 -1 0 0 0; 0 0 -1 0 1; 0 0 0 -1 1]

b. [0 0 -1 0 ;0 1 0 0; - 1 1 0 0 ;1 0 0 -1 ; -1 0 0 0; 0 -1 0 1; 0 0 -1 1]

c. [0 0 1 0 ;0 -1 0 0; 1 -1 0 0 ;1 0 0 -1 ; -1 0 0 0; 0 -1 0 1; 0 0 -1 1]

d. [-1 0 0 1 0 ;1 0 -1 0 0; 0  1 -1 0 0 ; 0 1 0 0 -1 ; 1 -1 0 0 0; 0 0 -1 0 1; 0 0 0 -1 1]

e. None of the above

Your answer is correct.

The correct answer is: [0 0 1 0 ;0 -1 0 0; 1 -1 0 0 ;1 0 0 -1 ; -1 0 0 0; 0 -1 0 1; 0 0 -1 1]


Question 2
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

For Fig.1 Select node1 as reference node, Element node incidence matrix is ...

Select one:
a. [0 0 -1 0; 0 1 0 0; -1 1 0 0; -1 0 0 1; 1 0 0 0; 0 1 0 -1; 0 0 1 -1]
b. [-1 0 0 1 0; 1 0 -1 0 0; 0 1 -1 0 0; 0 1 0 0 -1; 1 -1 0 0 0; 0 0 -1 0 1; 0 0 0 -1 1] 
c. [1 0 0 1 0; -1 0 -1 0 0; 0 1 -1 0 0; 0 1 0 0 -1; 1 -1 0 0 0; 0 0 -1 0 1; 0 0 0 -1 1]
d. [0 0 1 0; 0 -1 0 0; 1 -1 0 0; 1 0 0 -1; -1 0 0 0; 0 -1 0 1; 0 0 -1 1]
e. None of the above

The correct answer is: [-1 0 0 1 0; 1 0 -1 0 0; 0 1 -1 0 0; 0 1 0 0 -1; 1 -1 0 0 0; 0 0 -1 0 1; 0 0 0 -1 1]

Question 3
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

For Fig.2 shown, Augmented cut set incidence matrix is given by____

Select one:
a. [-1 0 0 0 0; 0 -1 0 0 0; 0 0 -1 0 0 ; 1 -1 0 -1 0; 0 1 -1 0 -1]
b. None of the above
c. [1 0 0 0 0; 0 1 0 0 0; 0 0 1 0 0 ; -1 1 0 1 0; 0 -1 1 0 1] 
d. [1 0 0 ; 0 1 0 ; 0 0 1; -1 1 0 ; 0 -1 1]
e. [-1 0 0 ; 0 -1 0 ; 0 0 -1; 1 -1 0 ; 0 1 -1]

The correct answer is: [1 0 0 0 0; 0 1 0 0 0; 0 0 1 0 0 ; -1 1 0 1 0; 0 -1 1 0 1]


Question 4
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

For Fig.2 , Augmented loop incidence matrix is given by

Select one:
a. None of the above
b. [1 0 ; -1 1 ; 0 -1 ; 1 0 ; 0 1]
c. [1 0 0 1 0 ; 0 1 0 -1 1; 0 0 1 0 -1; 0 0 0 1 0;0 0 0 0 1] 
d. [1 0 0 1 0 ; 0 1 0 -1 1; 0 0 1 0 -1; 0 0 0 -1 0;0 0 0 0 -1]
e. [-1 0 ; -1 -1 ; 0 -1 ; 1 0 ; 0 -1]

The correct answer is: [1 0 0 1 0 ; 0 1 0 -1 1; 0 0 1 0 -1; 0 0 0 1 0;0 0 0 0 1]

Question 5
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

For Fig.2 , Basic cutset incidence matrix is given by

Select one:
a. [1 0 0 ; 0 1 0 ; 0 0 1; -1 1 0 ; 0 -1 1] 
b. [-1 0 0 0 0; 0 -1 0 0 0; 0 0 -1 0 0 ; 1 -1 0 -1 0; 0 1 -1 0 -1]
c. [-1 0 0 ; 0 -1 0 ; 0 0 -1; 1 -1 0 ; 0 1 -1]
d. [1 0 0 0 0; 0 1 0 0 0; 0 0 1 0 0 ; -1 1 0 1 0; 0 -1 1 0 1]
e. None of the above

The correct answer is: [1 0 0 ; 0 1 0 ; 0 0 1; -1 1 0 ; 0 -1 1]

Question 6
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

For Fig.2 , Basic loop incidence matrix is given by

Select one:
a. [1 0 ; -1 1 ; 0 -1 ; 1 0 ; 0 1] 
b. [-1 0 ; -1 -1 ; 0 -1 ; 1 0 ; 0 -1]
c. None of the above
d. [1 0 0 1 0 ; 0 1 0 -1 1; 0 0 1 0 -1; 0 0 0 1 0;0 0 0 0 1]
e. [1 0 0 1 0 ; 0 1 0 -1 1; 0 0 1 0 -1; 0 0 0 -1 0;0 0 0 0 -1]

The correct answer is: [1 0 ; -1 1 ; 0 -1 ; 1 0 ; 0 1]


Question 7
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

For Fig.2 , Branch path incidence matrix is given by

Select one:
a. [1 0 0 1 ; 0 1 0 -1 ; 0 0 1 0 -; 0 0 0 1 ]
b. [-1 0 0 ; 0 -1 0 ; 0 0 -1 ] 
c. [1 0 0 1 ; 0 1 0 -1 ; 0 0 1 0 ; 0 0 0 -1 ; 0 0 0 1]
d. None of the above
e. [1 0 0 ; 0 1 0 ; 0 0 1]

The correct answer is: [-1 0 0 ; 0 -1 0 ; 0 0 -1 ]


Question 8
Correct

Mark 4.00 out of 4.00

For Fig.3 shown  , Branch admittance  matrix by singular transformation is given by

Select one:
a. [9.22 -5.34 -5 ;-5.34 7.07 5 ; -5 5 7 ] 
b. [9.22 -0.34 5 ; -0.34 -4.07 -2 ; -5 -2 7 ]
c. [9.22 -0.34 -5 ; -0.34 4.07 -2 ; -5 -2 -7 ]
d. None of the above
e. [-9.22 -5.34 -5 ;-5.34 -7.07 5 ; -5 -5 7 ]

The correct answer is: [9.22 -5.34 -5 ;-5.34 7.07 5 ; -5 5 7 ]


Question 9
Correct

Mark 4.00 out of 4.00

For Fig.3 , Bus admittance matrix by singular transformation is given by

Select one:
a. [9.22 -5.34 -5 ;-5.34 7.07 5 ; -5 5 7 ]
b. [9.22 -0.34 5 ; -0.34 -4.07 -2 ; -5 -2 7 ]
c. None of the above
d. [-9.22 -5.34 -5 ;-5.34 -7.07 5 ; -5 -5 7 ]
e. [9.22 -0.34 -5 ; -0.34 4.07 -2 ; -5 -2 -7 ] 

The correct answer is: [9.22 -0.34 -5 ; -0.34 4.07 -2 ; -5 -2 -7 ]

Question 10
Correct

Mark 4.00 out of 4.00

For Fig.3 , Loop admittance matrix by singular transformation is given by

Select one:
a. None of the above
b. [6.87 -5.34 -4 ;-4.34 6.07 5 ; -2.5 3.55 2.17 ]
c. [1 -0.5 ; -0.5 1.6]
d. [1.185 0.37 ; 0.37 0.74 ] 
e. [3.85 0.57 ; 0.57 0.954]

The correct answer is: [1.185 0.37 ; 0.37 0.74 ]


Question 11
Correct

Mark 2.00 out of 2.00

For Fig.4  shown, Consider node 1 as reference node, Bus admittance  matrix  is givenby ...

Select one:
a. [1 -0.4 -0.3 ; -0.4 1.1 -0.7 ; -0.3 -0.7 1.4] 
b. [2 -0.4 -0.3 ; -0.4 2.1 -0.7 ; -1.3 -0.7 1.4]
c. [2.1 -0.34 -0.3 ; -1.4 1.1 -0.8 ; -0.3 -0.9 3.24]
d. [3 -0.4 -0.3 ; -2.4 1.1 -0.7 ; -1.3 -0.7 1.4]
e. None of the above

The correct answer is: [1 -0.4 -0.3 ; -0.4 1.1 -0.7 ; -0.3 -0.7 1.4]


Question 12
Correct

Mark 4.00 out of 4.00

For Fig.5 ,  Bus impedance  matrix by algorithm is given by

Select one:
a. [0.402 0.075 -0.003 ; 0.075 0.235 0.04 ; -0.0032 0.04 0.237]
b. [0.174 0.0176 0.064 ; 0.0176 0.23 0.046 ; 0.064 0.046 0.1724]
c. [0.124 0.027 0.9 ; 0.027 0.023 0.05 ;0.9 0.05 0.18]
d. [0.245 0.025 0.09 ; 0.025 0.023 0.05 ;0.09 0.05 0.18] 
e. None of the above

The correct answer is: [0.245 0.025 0.09 ; 0.025 0.023 0.05 ;0.09 0.05 0.18]

Question 13
Correct

Mark 4.00 out of 4.00

For Fig.5 , Modify Bus impedance matrix if impedance of element between buses 1 &3 is made 0.24.

Select one:
a. [0.402 0.075 -0.003 ; 0.075 0.235 0.04 ; -0.0032 0.04 0.237]
b. [0.124 0.027 0.9 ; 0.027 0.023 0.05 ;0.9 0.05 0.18]
c. [0.174 0.0176 0.064 ; 0.0176 0.23 0.046 ; 0.064 0.046 0.1724] 
d. [0.245 0.025 0.09 ; 0.025 0.023 0.05 ;0.09 0.05 0.18]
e. None of the above

The correct answer is: [0.174 0.0176 0.064 ; 0.0176 0.23 0.046 ; 0.064 0.046 0.1724]


Question 14
Correct

Mark 4.00 out of 4.00

For Fig.5 , Modify Bus impedance matrix if element between buses 1 &4 is removed.

Select one:
a. [0.174 0.0176 0.064 ; 0.0176 0.23 0.046 ; 0.064 0.046 0.1724]
b. [0.124 0.027 0.9 ; 0.027 0.023 0.05 ;0.9 0.05 0.18]
c. [0.402 0.075 -0.003 ; 0.075 0.235 0.04 ; -0.0032 0.04 0.237] 
d. None of the above
e. [0.245 0.025 0.09 ; 0.025 0.023 0.05 ;0.09 0.05 0.18]

The correct answer is: [0.402 0.075 -0.003 ; 0.075 0.235 0.04 ; -0.0032 0.04 0.237]

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
Dashboard / My courses /
CAPS /
Unit 1 Network Matrices by Singular Transformation /
Quiz1

Started on Wednesday, 28 April 2021, 12:46 PM

State Finished
Completed on Wednesday, 28 April 2021, 12:48 PM
Time taken 1 min 54 secs
Grade 9.33 out of 10.00 (93%)

Question 1
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Graph is called as connected graph ?

Select one:
a. if there is path between every pair of buses

b. if there is path between every pair of nodes 

c. if there is path between every pair of branches

d. if there is path between every pair of elements

Your answer is correct.

The correct answer is: if there is path between every pair of nodes

Question 2
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Rules for drawing basic cut sets ?

Select one or more:

a. should not same element twice 

b. Cuts only one branch 

c. Direction is given by branch 

d. circular cut 

Your answer is correct.

The correct answers are: circular cut, Cuts only one branch, should not same element twice, Direction is given by branch
Question 3
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Connected subgraph having All nodes but no closed path is tree

Select one:
True 

False

The correct answer is 'True'.

Question 4
Partially correct

Mark 0.33 out of 1.00

basic cutsets basic loops and branch paths 

Number of basic cutsets,  basic loops and branch paths are equal to Links, branches and buses respectively 

Tree has all Nodes and no closed path 

Number of tie cutsets, open loop and branch paths equal to Branches, links and buses respectively 

Your answer is partially correct.

You have correctly selected 1.
The correct answer is: Number of basic cutsets,  basic loops and branch paths are equal to → Branches, links and buses respectively,
Tree has → all Nodes and no closed path, Number of tie cutsets, open loop and branch paths equal to → Links, branches and buses
respectively

Question 5
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Nodes without reference nodes is called as

Answer: Buses 

The correct answer is: Buses

Question 6
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

For 4 number of branches, number of basic cutsets will be 4 

2 3 1

Your answer is correct.

The correct answer is:
For 4 number of branches, number of basic cutsets will be [4]

Question 7
Correct

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For 7 element, 4 branches ,Number of links equal to 3 

7 4 2

Your answer is correct.

The correct answer is:

For 7 element, 4 branches ,Number of links equal to[3]

Question 8
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Branch path is path oriented from

Select one:
a. All of above

b. None of above

c. Bus to bus

d. Bus to reference 

e. Nodes to reference

Your answer is correct.

The correct answer is: Bus to reference

Question 9
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

For  8 elements 5 nodes, number of  links is

Answer: 4 

The correct answer is: 4

Question 10
Correct

Mark 1.00 out of 1.00

Number branches are always equal to number of buses

Select one:
True 

False

The correct answer is 'True'.

◄ CAPS UNIT 1

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