HOME TECH- A REVIEW

SUBMITTED BY:

MS. AYMAN SATOPAY

DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF

MASTERS IN SCIENCE
(TEXTILE SCIENCE AND APPAREL DESIGN)

UNDER THE

GUIDANCE OF

MRS. NIKHILA RANE

SUBJECT

INCHARGE

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE SCIENCE AND APPAREL

DESIGN

SNDT WOMEN’S
UNIVERSITY, JUHU, MUMBAI
- 400049.
2021
INTRODUCTION

Technical textile is a product wherein function is the primary criteria. Globally, technical textile
accounts for roughly 13% of India's overall textile and apparel market and adds 0.7 percent to
India's GDP. There is a significant opportunity to fill a major demand gap because consumption
of technological textiles in India is currently just 5-10% compared to 30-70% in certain
industrialized nations.
Technical textiles, a rising industry, became even more important during the Covid-19 crisis,
when worldwide manufacture came to a standstill and the restriction on exporting vital medical
equipment, such as N95 face masks and protective gears, rendered imports to India almost
impossible. Technical textiles are engineered materials that serve a specific purpose. They are
produced from natural and man-made fibres such as Nomex, Kevlar, Spandex, and Twaron,
which have increased functional qualities such as higher tenacity, superior insulation, improved
heat resistance, and so on. These goods are used in a variety of non-traditional textile industries,
including healthcare, construction, automobiles, aircraft, sports, defence, and agriculture.
Countries are organizing their sectors to accept technology textiles in response to technological
developments. The present Indian technical textiles market is valued at $ 19 billion, with a
CAGR of 12% over the last five years. It accounts for roughly 0.7 percent of India's GDP and
accounts for approximately 13 percent of the entire textile and apparel market in India.

Technical textiles are segregated into 12

major segments:

Agro tech: Agro tech textiles comprise

technological textiles used in agriculture,
horticulture (including floriculture), fishing,
and forestry. Agricultural applications for
technical textiles encompass all operations
related to the cultivation and harvesting of
crops and animals.

Geo tech: The Geotech sector includes

technical textile goods utilised in geotechnical
applications such as soil, rock, and earth. This
product category is known as Geotextiles, and
it particularly refers to permeable fabric or
synthetic material, woven or non-woven, that
may be utilised in conjunction with
geotechnical engineering material.

Pro tech: Protech is a collection of textile goods

Fig 1 : Application wise break-up of Indian and associated materials used in the production
technical textiles market of a variety of garments for employees working
in hazardous environments. Clothing and
accompanying equipment for protection from hazardous chemical environments, severe
temperature conditions, low visibility, and so on are examples of protective clothing.

Sportech: Sports textile is a subset of technical textile. Nowadays, advanced technology is

employed in the production of technical textiles for sportswear. Today's sports necessitate high-
performance equipment and clothing.
Oekotech: The term "Oekotech" or "Ecotech" refers to the use of technological textiles in
environmental engineering. Landfill waste management is the major sector in this, and it relates
to the use of Geosynthetic materials to protect landfills against leakage of municipal or
hazardous waste.

Buildtech: Textiles or composite materials used in the construction of permanent and

temporary buildings, as well as structures, are included in the Buildtech category. Textiles are
used in the construction industry for concrete reinforcement, interior construction, insulations,
proofing materials, air conditioning, noise reduction, protection, visual protection, and sun
protection.

Pack tech: Pack technology encompasses a variety of flexible packaging materials used for
industrial, agricultural, consumer, and other commodities. It includes anything from plastic
bags used in industrial packaging to jute sacks used to load food grains.

Indutech: Indutech textiles are utilised in a variety of industrial applications including as

filtration, conveying, and cleaning. This technical textiles sector includes solutions and
products for mechanical engineering and a variety of industries, such as conductive textiles and
3-D textile goods.

Meditech: Their use is based on a variety of basic textile qualities such as softness and
lightness, flexibility, absorption, filtration, and so on. Wound care items, diapers, braces,
prostheses and orthoses, wipes, breathing masks, beds and coverings, ropes and belts, and other
traditional uses

Hometech or Hometex: Textile components used in domestic applications are included in this
sector of technical textile. It has several uses in interior design and furniture, carpets, sun
protection, cushion materials, fire proofing, floor and wall coverings, and textile reinforced
constructions that give decoration, comfort, and safety.

Clothtech or Clothtex: This category of technical textiles is used in the manufacture of

garments and shoes that are made with technical components such as yams, fibres, and textiles
and provide functional, smart, and intelligent clothing that provides strong insulation, water or
fire resistance, breathability, and wear resistance, among other things.

Mobiltech or Mobiltex: Mobiltech textiles are utilised in the manufacture of vehicles, trains,
ships, aeroplanes, and spacecraft. Airbags, vehicle body coverings, seat belt webbing,
automotive carpets, headliners, insulating felts, sun blinds, helmets, seat upholstery, airline
disposables, aviation upholstery webbings for aircrafts, and railway seating textiles are among
the mobiltech goods.

HOME TEXTILE

The urban has become increasingly congested, and the only space to relax is at home, which is
usually reflected by flats, thus the importance of the interior of our houses grows -
exponentially.
The term "Interior Environment" refers to the whole of interior rooms and their furnishings.
More essential than the function or comfort of furnishings, or their upkeep, is their influence
on our psyche: do we feel at ease in a space? The fundamental question is whether these
equipped places are suitable for both work and play. Fabric affects mood, establishes style, and
expresses taste; it is what is seen and is the most malleable of props, readily changed, replaced,
or added. The fabric allows for sun and light control. It prevents fading of interior colours and
degradation of furnishings caused by sunshine. Fabrics may improve the liveability or
workability of a small area while also reducing noise.

Fig 2 : Home décor

ROLE OF FABRIC IN HOME TEXTILE

A fabric is essential for home textiles such as:

• It prevents interior colors from fading and furnishings from damage caused by sunshine.
• It protects against sun glare and offers protection from night blackness in the evening and too
early sun in the morning.
• Fabrics provide privacy to whatever extent is required.
• It protects individuals from draughts and heat, and it decreases heat loss in winter.
• Fabric enhances the live ability and workability of a small space, reduces noise, makes music
and even speech richer and more resonant of all acoustic materials.

FABRIC PROPERTIES REQUIRED IN HOME TEXTILE

Fabrics used for home textiles must have properties such as,

• Good light fastness.

• Good resistance to seam slippage.
• Good resistance to pilling.
• Good resistance to snagging
• Stain repellency.
• Good fastness to sponging.
• Flame retardancy.
• Appearance retention

DIFFERENT FIBRES USED FOR HOME TEXTILES

Apart from natural fibres such as cotton, silk, wool, linen, and so on, various man-made fibres
like as polyester, rayon, nylon, polypropylene, Teflon, recron, acrylic, and so on are also widely
used in household textiles. Recently, various new fibres have been launched onto the market
and are currently being utilised for household textiles, such as.

Sendura: It is a specialised polyester filament yarn for drapery textiles. Its stunning fabric
surface and dull, silky sheen are complemented by colour harmony and appealing printed
graphics, particularly in floral themes. The handling of sendura fabric is similar to that of
washable silk, and the drape, depending on the fabric construction, ranges from light to
compact, yet nevertheless soft like heavy high-grade silk.

Varie : The Varie yarn family is available in counts ranging from 150 to 405 dtex. Varie 405
dtex is used in heavier drapery textiles, whereas 240 dtex is utilised in lighter drapery fabrics,
including transparent designs, in weight classes about 110 g/m2.

Lintex : Lintex yarns have a natural character with a noticeable linen and a delicate texture.
Fabrics manufactured of or containing Lintex have a delicate, rustic, straw-like feel with a
grainy, dry handle. Lintex's structure makes it excellent for giving life to the background of
printed curtain textiles.

Crinkle : Diolen crinkle provides a texture and shine combination in curtain nets and draperies,
thanks to its unique yarn structure that creates a dynamic fabric surface. Crinkle is still
primarily employed as a patterning thread in fall-plate curtains for raschal curtain nets. The
crinkles provide a finely distributed, structural shine on a drab, textured background.

AREAS OF APPLICATION

Home textiles includes following applications such as.

• Textiles for seating.

• Window textiles.
• Bed textiles.
• Textiles for wall coverings.
• Bathroom textiles.
• Accessories.
• Table textiles.

TEXTILE FOR SEATING

Upholstery fabrics for domestic applications there is a recognized division of specification

between fixed upholstery and loose covers.
 FIXED UPHOLSTERY: - This term refer to any
upholstery fabric that is stapled, tacked, glued or other
frame and covers a reliant or hard substrate. Abrasion
resistance is 25,000 rubs, acrylic fiber velvets are used
because of excellent brightness and appearance. An
important fashion trend in fixed domestic upholstery
fabrics during period under review has been that of heavily
textured fabrics. Texture is usually achieved by the use of
fancy of boucle type, which is used as weft across non-
textured warp. Initially boucle is of rayon and nylon
Fig 3 : Fixed upholstery recently pp is popular.

WINDOW TEXTILES

Sun filters - It is a woven voiles made up for polyester fiber flax, it consists of curtains, nets
and Plemet made up from Rhone- Poulene fiber adv .Of material is that ease of washing,
simple system, absence of seams in the sidepieces.

The following types of sheers curtains become popular.

• Voiles.
• Woven nets - air textured continuous
filament PET.
• Warp knitted nets
• Burn out and broches - It is developed with
core spun PET fibre cotton yarn.
• Raschel Nets.
• Monarch Safety net - made up from terylene
yarns.

Semi sheers - Use of coarser yarn, often textures or fancy

Fig 4 : Window textiles yarns, woven construction, combination of leno and plain
weave with weft wise or warp bands of solid areas or checked
of feet.

Reflective textiles - To reduce solar gain. Prevent sun glare, maintaining lower temperature in
summer and higher ones in winter e.g. versol with PET fiber fabric, with an aluminum film on
one side.

Curtain fabrics and drapes - This is probably of the wide area of fabric development in home
textiles. It includes

• Solid colour plain weave materials in cotton, flax, wool, silk, acrylic,
viscose, PET, etc.
• Textured synthetics yarn.
• Jacquard and dobby weaves including damask style.
• Checks styles and bordered styles.
 • Pile, woven and knitted fabrics.
• For flame retardant curtain use of modacrylic fiber, viscose, PVC fabric
self-lining curtains made from crushed acrylic foam coating.

Blinds - A type of window textiles which is opaque. There are two types of blinds

1. One which allows transmission of some light

2. Other is made usually cotton fabric known as black out material which gives
100% opacity.

Various styles available are

• Venetian
• Vertical
• Roller blind

A Roller blind made up from glass fiber fabric. Vertical blind act as a efficient light filter. The
factors, which are considered for blinds by British standards are,

• Colour fastness.
• Relaxed length.
• Finishing performance.
• Thermal resistance.
• Draping quality.
• Dimensional property.
• Flammability.

BED TEXTILES

Fig 5 : Bed textiles

Sheets and pillow cases - This is a major ‘soft goods’ category. Sheet print designs have
seen much variation, including small & large floral patterns coordinating themes connecting
sheet, pillow case, duvet cover, and curtains: bordered designs, patch work inspired points,
strong diagonals, geometrics, and candy stripes. A special design for children’s sheets has
been one of the modern easy care sheets e.g. ‘peanuts ’, Disney cartoon sets.

Comparative performance sheets with a whole number assessment ranging from five to one.

The bed sheets are given resist bacteria and fungus growth finishes involving the use of an
active baceteriostat and fungistatic agents.

Quilted textiles - PET fiber is mainly used, several alternative filling became available for
this product. Quilts and comforters have been traditionally most popular in USA. Where they
constitute an important sector of bed textiles.

Blankets - Talking about bed textiles, blankets are one of the important accessories used
having matching with bed sheets. Today’s blanket evolutions are:

• Solid colour, raised wool , acrylic fiber, and acrylic polyester fiber blends.
• Cotton terry blankets.
• Thermal blankets made from wool, acrylic, polyester and polyester acrylic
blends.
• Point designs using large scale single motif with borders.
• Blankets are constructed by stitch bonding technique
Bed Spreads - Today bedspread is one of the most important item of interior furnishings in
both and domestic and contract applications. It includes following styles.

• Plain styles including wool, cotton, acrylic, viscose and blends.

• Embroidered styles.
• Lace styles.
• Chadwick.
• Velour Printed and Jacquard.
• Chenille types.
• Terry wear types.
• Jacquard and Dobby wears.

Mattress covers - The traditional Jacquard patters with continuous filament viscose warp and
spun weft of viscose or cotton are used. One of the most significant developments was the
introduction of colorful, stylish and modern broad stripes.

TEXTILE FOR WALL COVERING

From practical as well as aesthetic point of view, wall fabrics are fast taking over from paints.
Also wall paper plays an important role. Wall fabrics are available in various convenient widths
to be used from room height to avoid seams. Jute was the original material choice for wall
fabrics and although its use has declined in favor of various other materials especially flax,
which from contact point of view is more stable. Non-woven warp systems in a great variety
of fiber and texture are also used. Full yarns system is becoming more popular. This fiber can
be easily removed for cleaning and replacement (Velcro type Band with self adhesive backing).
It becomes appreciated that wall fabric suspended system absorb sound, Absorption is the
property of absorbing sound waves with in a material, and this is the best achieved by materials
those are fibrous nature. Such as mineral and glass wools.

Tapestries - It involves formation of repp weave where warp is completely hidden by the weft,
which is firmly beaten by a Heavy comb. Cotton is used as a warp and worsted yarn is used as
a weft.

WALL DECORATORS

A wall decoration throw or throw rug can give your living area a great new look without any
hassle. The color combinations and the patterns used in wall decoration throws almost fit any
decoration, any style. You can use wall decoration throws or throw rugs to decorate your living
room, your porch or your entrance all very easy with our cheap prices.

Wool, cotton, polyester and chenille are the primary material used to make our wall decoration
throws and throw rugs. The popularity of wool wall decoration throws is due to its inherent
qualities. There are certain breeds of sheep, like the merino, whose fleece is especially sought-
after for its special luster and length of fiber, commonly used in some of our wall decoration
throws.

Wall Hangings – Embroidery - Embroidery is sometimes used to mark the borders between the
patterned areas of the ground clothe and most varied types of stitches are used to obtain
decorative effect with the aid of the carded, dyed, non-spun woven fibers, the artist, creates a
tapestry or wall hanging by super imposing a web on a backing material.

Fig 6 : Wall hanging

Wall Hanging – Hand tufted - It includes both Hand operated tufting needle and mechanical
tufting gun, In wall hanging it involves several other interior textiles such as

• Wall Hangings – Batik

• Wall hanging – Woven and knotted

BATHROOM TEXTILES

Shower Curtains – shower curtains need to be water proof materials, plastic coated textiles
(woven and non woven fabrics) became firmly established in this area. At the cheaper and
plastics membranes have been used, but their propensity to splitting and tearing are the
disadvantages. Printed shower curtains were occasionally designed to co-ordinate with
bathroom vinyl wall coverings and occasionally with towel designs, as well as tufted bathroom
textiles.

Terry Toweling - Terry fabrics became an important sector of household textiles. The terry
towel has become available in a wide variety of designs piece dyed fabrics, jacquard floral
designs as well as prints and is sculpted as well as velvet or ‘shorn’ versions.

Fig 7 : Bathroom textiles

TABLE TEXTILES

Table Cloth -It is of several types-

• Colour woven printed types of linen cotton material

• Jacquard type which include damask
• Embroidered types
• Non-woven types, which include spun bonded Nylon and spun laced polyester fibre.

Table Mats - Colour woven printed and Jacquard types and embroidered styles.

CARPETS

India is one of those countries where people customarily sit on the floor. Carpets are an
economically important but miniscule part of the floor covering popularly used in India.

The Indian carpet weaver ties his knots with great dexterity, on upright wooden looms of
traditional design. Vertical looms are used in sizes varying from five to sixty feet, with three
to five weavers, working on each.

The fitness of a carpet is judged by the number of knots per unit area in combination of the
design, colors and quality of yarn. The firmness, thickness and appearance of the back of the
carpet, are important considerations.

The carpets of mountain areas are made in pure wool and have motifs of the dragon, snow lion,
stylized chrysanthemum and lotus.

Many varieties of fine prayer carpets are made in India. The asana, a square of pile carpet,
drugget or durries material, is in a plain single color or austere design. It is traditionally used,
while performing rituals during worship

Fig 8: Carpets

RUGS AND MATS

In India, the floor coverings have evolved with a great deal of imagination and aesthetic sense
Mats are also made of wheat or rice straw, weeds and fine sliced bamboo. The mats have a fine
upper layer and a coarse bottom one, and are stitched at the edges. Mats in India are even made
of wheat or rice straw, weeds and fine sliced bamboo. Skillfully stitched rugs serve as floor
coverings, wall decorations and mattresses. They are used as horse and camel saddles and wall
hangings besides traditional floor coverings.

Fig 9: Mats
TABLE RUNNERS

These are used in decorating the tables. These are normally run over the table to add to the
look. In India table covers are more predominant then table runners. Table covers are mostly
used to protect the furnisher from strain and for the attractive look of the dining table.

Fig 10 : Table runner

CONCLUSION

The technical textiles sector in India is still in its infancy and hence has enormous development
potential. Technical textiles is set for expansion, with the government's goal of creating world-
class infrastructure in the country, as well as the adoption of numerous programmes and
programmes to enhance the textile sector. Technical fabrics are even more helpful in times of
changing climate, global warming, and complicated industrial processes due to valuable
physical qualities such as durability, flexibility, and adaptability. The presence of big and
worldwide as well as domestic companies has affected the rise of technical textiles and
contributed to the sector's prominence.
Having seen extensively about the usage of home textiles and the glitz they bring to our living
environments, the development of varied patterns utilising different colours and innovative
concepts should make a stir in this sector. In the realm of interior decorating and home textiles,
the West is rapidly improving. Thus, new concepts and high-quality finishing would assist us
in realising our ambition, which is the expansion of home textiles. Apart from the widespread
use of textiles for apparel, home textiles are quickly gaining market share.

REFERENCES

1. Justblinds.com
2. countrycurtains.com
3. www.indianhandicrafts.com
4. www.sears.com
5. www.belmonthomedecor.com
6. COLOURAGE (august 2005)
7. www.indian-textile.com
8. www.homecareindia.com