Pre Calculus
Notes
Chapter 6
Trigonometric Functions
Name______________________________________________#________
Created by W.L. Bass, page 1
Extra Notes
Created by W.L. Bass, page 2
Ms. Bass Pre-Calculus Trig
Chapter 6 Tentative Syllabus
Blue Blue Gold Gold Homework
Day Date Day Date In-class Topic (due next class period)
Tue Jan 3 Wed Jan 4 6.1–6.2 Day 1 Notes (Vocab, Day 1 Notes Pop Quiz p.8
Radians, Converting Angles, Day 2 Notes… p.9 – 10
Special Triangles)
Thr Jan 5 Fri Jan 6 6.1–6.2 Day 2: The Unit Circle Day 3 Notes… p.13 – 14
6.1–6.2 Practice
Mon Jan 9 Tue Jan 10 6.1–6.2 Day 3 Practice 6.3 Notes… p.17 – 19
(Working with the Unit Circle)
Wed Jan 11 Thr Jan 12 6.3 Practice: Properties of 6.4 Notes… p.22 – 24
Trigonometric Functions
Fri Jan 13 Tue Jan 17 6.4 Practice: Graphing Sine & 6.5 Notes… p.26 – 28
Cosine (without phase shifts)
NO SCHOOL MONDAY JANUARY 16th
Wed Jan 18 Thr Jan 19 6.5 Practice: Graphing Secant, 6.6 Notes… p.30 – 32
Cosecant, and Tangent
Fri Jan 20 Mon Jan 23 6.6 Practice: Graphing Cotangent Make sure all
and Sine/Cosine Phase Shifts practice is complete
Tue Jan 24 Wed Jan 25 Put Together Ch 7 Foldable TBD
Chapter 6 Review Day
Thr Jan 26 Fri Jan 27 Chapter 6 Test 7.1 – 7.2 Flipped Notes
Foldable: Back and Top 4
“windows”
Created by W.L. Bass, page 3
Ch 6 Trigonometry
6.1 – 6.2 Day 1 Notes
After completing these notes, you should be able to…
Understand radians v. degrees
Convert between radians and degrees
Draw an angle – positive and negative rotations
Determine what quadrant an angle lies
Determine a reference angle for a given angle
Find co-terminal angles
Find missing measures in special right triangles
Find missing sides in a triangle using the Pythagorean theorem
VOCABULARY!!
An angle is determined by rotating a ray.
The vertex of an angle is the common endpoint.
An angle is in standard position when
the initial side is the positive x-axis.
The initial side of an angle is the side of that
doesn’t move. In standard position, it will be
the positive x-axis.
The terminal side of an angle is the side that moved.
The measure of an angle is determined
by the amount of rotation
A positive angle is generated by a . . .
A negative angle is generated by a . . .
Co-terminal Angles are angles with the same
terminal side. Note: Every angle has an infinite
number of co-terminal angles.
Created by W.L. Bass, page 4
RADIANS… Just another way to measure angles.
ONE RADIAN: The portion of the circle (__________________________) that _______________ the radius.
Put it together now…
Half a circle = ____________ radians and Half a circle = ____________ degrees
Helpful Mental Images – Show the indicated portions.
2
2 4 3 6
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Ex 1 Converting between degrees and radians
a.) Write 50 in radians. b.) Write 3 rad in degrees
8
Ex 2 Sketch, determine its quadrant, find 2 co-terminal angles (positive & negative), find the reference angle
8 19
a.) rad b.) rad
15 12
Coterm__________ & __________Ref__________ Coterm__________ & __________Ref__________
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Ex 3 Degrees, Minutes, and Seconds
Conversions… 1 revolution ________ 1 ________ 1' ________
a.) Convert 70 8'32" to a decimal in degrees b.) Convert 38.628 to D M 'S"
Skills You Will Need Next Class
1. Solve for the missing side in the triangle. (Hint: Use the Pythagorean Theorem.)
a.) b.) 9
2. Special Right Triangle Review…Use your special right triangle patterns to find the missing parts in each
triangle. DO NOT USE PYTHAGOREAN THEOREM.
45- 45- 90 and 30- 60 - 90
a.) b.) c.)
9 9
14
d.) e.) f.)
60 21
30
20 10
60
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POP QUIZ/EXIT TICKET… Did you REALLY understand?
Sketch, determine its quadrant, find… the smallest positive & negative co-terminal angles, the reference angle.
1.) 170 2.) 280
Coterm__________ & __________Ref__________ Coterm__________ & __________Ref__________
5 7
3.) rad 4.) rad
4 3
Coterm__________ & __________Ref__________ Coterm__________ & __________Ref__________
Created by W.L. Bass, page 8
Ch 6 Trigonometry
6.1 – 6.2 Day 2 Notes
After completing these notes, you should be able to…
Understand and apply arc length formula
Understand and apply area of a sector formula
Understand and apply linear and angular speed
Use a calculator to evaluate trigonometric functions
Understand how the unit circle is developed
Know the points, angles, and signs on the unit circle.
RECALL FROM GEOMETRY
Proof of Arc Length Formula…
Circumference Arc Measure
Arc Length
1 360
2 r Arc Measure
Arc Length
1 360
r Arc Measure
Arc Length
1 180
r Arc Measure
Arc Length
1 180 1
Thus… S r
Proof of Area of a Sector Formula…
Area Arc Measure
Area Sector
1 360
r Arc Measure
2
Area Sector
1 360
1 r Arc Measure
2
Area Sector
2 1 1 180
1 2
Thus… A r
2
Trigonometric Functions and Their Reciprocals…
sin csc
cos sec
tan cot
Created by W.L. Bass, page 9
Ex 1 Working with arc length
a.) If the radius of a circle is 10 cm and the arc b.) If the radius of a circle is 12 in and the
length is 18 cm, find the measure of the central angle is 120, find the length of the
central angle in radians. intercepted arc.
Ex 2 Working with area of a sector
a.) Find the area of the sector if the radius of a b.) If a sector has a central angle of 45 and an
circle is 6 cm and the central angle is 150. area of 6 cm2 , find the radius of the circle.
Round to hundredths.
Ex 3 Linear speed of an Object Traveling in Circular Motion
Angular Speed (angle traveled over time) dist s r
Linear Speed rw
time t t
t
Allows us to convert ___________ to ___________
Suppose Greg is spinning a rock at the end of a 3 foot rope at a rate of 150 revolutions per minute (rpm).
a.) Find the linear speed in feet per minute b.) Find the linear speed in miles per hour
when the rock is released. when the rock is released.
Ex 4 Use your calculator to evaluate each trigonometric function. Round to 4 decimal places.
a.) cot 56 b.) sec 68 c.) csc 29
Created by W.L. Bass, page 10
6.1 – 6.2 Day 2 In-Class Notes
Building the Unit Circle
What do we already know? Where are we going?
45 45
30 30
60 60
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Put It Together – The WHOLE Unit Circle
PRACTICE ROUNDS:
Section 6.1… p.359 – 361
□ Area of a Sector: #79 – 85
□ Drawing Angles: #11 – 21
□ Applications: #87, 91, 93, 95, 97, 101
□ Converting DMS: #23 – 33
Section 6.2… p.375 – 377
□ Converting Radians/Degrees: #35 – 69
□ Using Your Calculator: #65 – 75
□ Arc Length: #71 – 77
Created by W.L. Bass, page 12
Ch 6 Trigonometry
6.1 – 6.2 Day 3 Notes
After completing these notes, you should be able to…
Find trig ratios given one trig ratio
Find trig ratios given a point on a terminal side of an angle
Evaluate trig functions using the unit circle
Evaluate reciprocal trig functions using the unit circle
Understand “All Students Take Calculus” and the domain/range of trig functions
Ex 1 Find the indicated ratios given that is an acute positive angle…
7
a.) Given: sin
11
csc
cos
tan
8
b.) Given: cot
5
sin
sec
tan
Ex 2 Let 2, 3 be a point on the terminal side of . Find the indicated ratios.
csc
cos
cot
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USING the Unit Circle
sin
cos
tan
Pythagorean Theorem…
Ex 3 Evaluate each of the following.
5 g.) cos 2
a.) sin d.) sec
6 4
7
h.) sec
6
b.) cos e.) sin
3 2
5
i.) csc
7 3
c.) tan f.) csc
4 2
Created by W.L. Bass, page 14
6.1 – 6.2 Day 3 In-Class Warm-up
Fill in the key values…
2 4 11
1.) sin 4.) csc 8.) cos
3 3 6
3
5.) cot 9.) sin
7 4 4
2.) tan
6
7
6.) tan 10.) sec
3 2
3
3.) cot
2
13
11.) tan
7.) sec 4 4
Created by W.L. Bass, page 15
4 15.) csc 4
12.) cos 19.) sec
3 3
5
16.) sec
4
19 5
13.) csc 20.) sin
6 3
13
17.) cot
6
7 21.) tan
14.) cos 7
4 18.) csc
6
PRACTICE ROUNDS:
Section 6.2… p.375 – 377
□ Using Points to Evaluate Ratios: #13 – 19
□ Evaluating Angles: #21 – 45
□ Finding Ratios (Alternate which ratios you find. Do NOT find all 6 each time.): #47 – 63
□ Using Points on a Terminal Side: #77 – 83
□ Extensions: #95 – 111
Created by W.L. Bass, page 16
Ch 6 Trigonometry
6.3 Notes
After completing these notes, you should be able to…
Find trig ratios given one trig ratio and a quadrant restriction
Understand how the Pythagorean Identities are developed
Understand what trig functions are odd/even
Apply odd/even properties to evaluate trig functions
Fill in the key values…
Review: Evaluate each expression.
5 7
1. sec2 tan 2 2. sin tan 3. sec 6 csc
3 4 6 3 4 3
Ex 1 Finding ratios… two different ways.
2 7 5
a.) Given: is acute & sin . b.) Given: cot 0 & csc .
7 3
Find tan Find cos
12
c). Given: & cos . d.) Given: sin 0 & tan 1 .
13
Find sec
Find cot
Created by W.L. Bass, page 17
Ex 2 Understanding Odd/Even Properties of Trig Functions
a.) Look at the parent graphs below for each trig function and determine its type of symmetry.
(Rotational around origin or y-axis)
Cosine Sine Tangent
Secant Cosecant Cotangent
b.) Earlier we learned that…
even functions have _____________________________ symmetry and f x ______________ .
odd functions have _____________________________ symmetry and f x ______________ .
Label the functions above as odd or even.
Thus…
sin x ____________ cos x ____________ tan x ____________
csc x ____________ sec x ____________ cot x ____________
c.) Apply the even/odd properties you just learned to rewrite the expressions below.
sin 2 cos 3 tan 4
Created by W.L. Bass, page 18
Ex 3 Understanding Fundamental Identities
a.) Complete each of the Reciprocal Identities
1 1 1
sin cos tan tan
1 1 1
csc sec cot cot
b.) Developing the Pythagorean Identities
Recall… sin 2 x cos2 x 1
If we divide the equation by sin 2 x , we get… If we divide the equation by cos2 x , we get…
sin 2 x cos2 x 1 sin 2 x cos2 x 1
These three identities are collectively called the PYTHAGOREAN IDENTITIES.
c.) Using Fundamental Identities to simplify expressions
1. sin 2 1 2. sec2 tan 2
3. cot 2 csc2 sec2
4. tan
tan
1
5. cos
cos cos82 tan 82
6.
sin 82
Created by W.L. Bass, page 19
6.3 In-Class Warm-up
1 – 3… Evaluate each expression.
5
1. 2sin 4 cos 2. 4 tan 2 3. 1 cos 2 cos 2
4 6 3 6 3
4 – 6… Finding each ratio.
12
4. Given: cos 0 & cot … find sin
5
5
5. Given: tan 0 & sec … find csc
4
5
6. Given: sin and is an acute positive angle… Find cos
12
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7 – 12… Simplify each expression
7. 1 csc2 10. 1 cos2
sin 20
sin cos 11. tan 20
8. cos 20
cos sin
1
tan 2 sec2 12 sin 2
12 sec2
9.
12
PRACTICE ROUNDS:
Section 6.3… p.375 – 377
□ Applying Co-terminal Angles to Evaluate Angles: #11 – 25
□ Using “All Students Take Calculus” to Determine Quadrants: #27 – 33
□ Finding Ratios Given a Ratio
(Alternate which ratios you find. Do NOT find all 6 each time.): #35 – 57
□ Applying Even/Odd Properties: #59 – 75
□ Simple Trig Identities: #77 – 87
□ Extensions: #91, 93
Created by W.L. Bass, page 21
Ch 6 Trigonometry
6.4 Notes
After completing these notes, you should be able to…
Understand all parts of the parent sine curve – Domain, Range, Amplitude, Period, Shape
Understand all parts of the parent cosine curve – Domain, Range, Amplitude, Period, Shape
Identify all key parts (Domain, Range, Amplitude, Period) of a sine/cosine graph without a phase shift.
Graph one period of sine/cosine without a phase shift.
Write the equation for a sine/cosine function without a phase shift given a graph.
Write the equation for a sine/cosine function without a phase shift given the characteristics.
Complete the table…
2 3 5 7 5 4 3 5 7 11
0 6 4 3 2 3 4 6 6 4 3 2 3 4 6 2
sin
What would it look like as a graph?
Amplitude:__________ Period:______________ Domain:______________ Range:______________
Complete the table…
2 3 5 7 5 4 3 5 7 11
0 6 4 3 2 3 4 6 6 4 3 2 3 4 6 2
cos
What would it look like as a graph?
Amplitude:__________ Period:______________ Domain:______________ Range:______________
Created by W.L. Bass, page 22
Ex 1 Graph y sin 2 x
Vertical Translation: Amplitude:
Period: Range:
Distance between each “key value” & calculate “key values”…
Ex 2 Graph y 3 4cos x
Vertical Translation: Amplitude:
Period: Range:
Distance between each “key value” & calculate “key values”…
Created by W.L. Bass, page 23
y B Acos x
y B Asin x
Vertical Translation Amplitude Period Phase Shift
(Horizontal Translation)
Ex 3 Writing Equations of Sine and Cosine Functions without Phase Shifts… Period 2
a.) Write the equation of a cosine function, b.) Write the equation for the graph below.
without a phase shift, amplitude = 2,
and period = 4
Created by W.L. Bass, page 24
6.4 In-Class Warm-up
1
1. Graph y 5 2sin x
8
Vertical Translation: Amplitude:
Period: Range:
Distance between each “key value” & calculate “key values”…
2. Write the equation of a sine function…
without a phase shift
x-axis reflection
Amplitude = 4
Period = 1
3. Write the equation for the graph below.
PRACTICE ROUNDS:
Section 6.4… p.404 – 406
□ Finding Period and Amplitude: #11 – 19 □ Graphing: #35 – 57
□ Matching Practice: #21 – 30 All □ Writing Equations: #59 – 71
Created by W.L. Bass, page 25
6.5 Notes
Graphs of Tangent and Reciprocal Functions
Ex 1 Graphing Reciprocal Functions
Recall…
sec _______
2 csc 0 _______
3
sec _______ csc _______
2
sec _______
csc _______
Graph f x 5sec 2 x … Think:________________________________________________________
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Ex 2 Graphing Tangent Functions.
Evaluate tan for each of the indicated measures.
3 5 3
2 4 0 4 2 4 4 2
NOTE: ALL TANGENT GRAPHS WILL INCLUDE TWO PERIODS (i.e. One full revolution)
A. What does a tangent graph look like?
TANGENT: y tan x REFLECTED TANGENT GRAPH: y tan x
B. Graphing Tangent
1
Graph… f x 2 tan x
3 6
1. Draw a basic curve…
Watch for ______________________ & ______________________
2. Find the “start” for your graph…
Set equal to _________
3. Find the period…
Period =
4. Find the distance between the key values…
Divide the period into _______ pieces
5. Calculate the “key values”
Created by W.L. Bass, page 27
y B A tan x
Vertical Translation Amplitude Period Phase Shift
(Horizontal Translation)
Ex 3 f x 4 tan 3x
Reflection or Vertical Translation?
Starting point:
Period: Distance b/w key values:
Calculate the key values:
Domain:__________________________________
Created by W.L. Bass, page 28
6.5 In-Class Warm-up
1. Graph f x 2 3csc x … Think:_____________________________________________________
2. Graph f x 1 3 tan x
4
Reflection or Vertical Translation?
Starting point:
Period: Distance b/w key values:
Calculate the key values:
Domain:__________________________________
PRACTICE ROUNDS:
Section 6.5… p.414
□ Basic Skills: #7 – 15 □ Extensions: #41, 43, 45, 47, 49
□ Graphing: #17 – 39
Created by W.L. Bass, page 29
6.6 Notes
Graphs of Cotangent and Phase Shifts for Sine and Cosine
Ex 1 Graphing Cotangent Functions
Recall…
tan _______
2 cot 0 _______
3
tan _______ cot _______
2
tan _______
cot _______
Graph f x 2cot x
3
Think:
Reflection or Vertical Translation?
Starting point:
Period: Distance b/w key values:
Calculate the key values:
Domain:__________________________________
Created by W.L. Bass, page 30
Phase Shift (Horizontal Translation)
When a sine or cosine graph has a phase shift (horizontal translation),
you must first determine your starting point for the graph!
To find the starting point, solve… x 0
Ex 2 Graph: f x sin x
4
Vertical Translation:
Amplitude:
Starting point…
Period:
Distance between each “key value”
Calculate “key values”…
Domain:____________________Range:__________________
Created by W.L. Bass, page 31
Ex 3 Graph: f x cos 4 x 2
Vertical Translation:
Amplitude:
Reflection?
Starting point…
Period:
Distance between each “key value”
Calculate “key values”…
Domain:____________________Range:__________________
Ex 4 Graph: f x csc 2 x … Think:___________________________________________________
2
Vertical Translation:
Amplitude:
Reflection?
Starting point…
Period:
Distance between each “key value”
Calculate “key values”…
Domain:____________________Range:__________________
Created by W.L. Bass, page 32
6.6 In-Class Warm-up
1
1. Graph… f x 1 2sec x … Think:_____________________________________________
2
Vertical Translation:
Amplitude:
Reflection?
Starting point…
Period:
Distance between each “key value”
Calculate “key values”…
Domain:____________________Range:__________________
2. Graph… f x 3 cot 4 x … Think:_____________________________________________
Reflection or Vertical Translation?
Starting point:
Period: Distance b/w key values:
Calculate the key values:
Domain:__________________________________Range:__________________
Created by W.L. Bass, page 33
3. Writing Equations with Phase Shifts
2
Recall… y B A sin x and Period
Thus… Phase Shift
Why?
a.) Sine b.) Cosine – Reflected across x-axis
Amplitude: 3 Amplitude: 5
Period: 3
Period:
2 1
Phase Shift:
Phase Shift: 2 3
PRACTICE ROUNDS:
Section 6.6… p.424
□ Graphing Sine/Cosine Phase Shift: #3 – 13 □ Mixed Graphing Review: #19 – 25
□
(Tangent, Cotangent, Secant, Cosecant)
Writing Equations: #15 – 18 All
Created by W.L. Bass, page 34
