Project : Design of Sludge Thickner
Assam Urban Infrasstructure
Investment Program ( WTP )
1.0 Introduction
The sludge thickener RCC walls have been designed to withstand the hydraulic force from
sludge. The wall shall be founded on RCC bored cast-in-situ piles of 600mm dia. & to required
depth as suggested by geotechnical expert. The foundation being on piles & the wall being
Design code:
circular, IS:456 that
it is deemed - 2000
the wall is safe in sliding & overturning.
2.0 Analysis of Sludge Thickener Wall
0.40
Wall Dimensions Unf actored Liv e Loads
H1 (m) 4 C (m) 0.4 (kN/m²) Soil fri
H2 (m) .4 F (m) (kN) Fill slo
H3 (m) 3.6 xf (m) (m) Wall fr
Hw (m) 4 At (m) 0.4 (kN/m) r Con
Hr (m) 0.36 Ab (m) 0.4 (m) r Soil
0.00°
B (m) 0.5 Cov w all mm 50 (kN/m)
3.60
4.00
4.00
D (m) 0.5 Cov base mm 50 (m)
0.450.400.45
0.40
0.00°
0.00
Ka=0.41
Kp=2.46
µ=0.47
V=101.5kN
Density of sludge = 11 kN/m3 v= 0.30MPa
Height of sludge
Wall type: Cantilever = 4 m = 0.38
SFslip vc= 0.38MPa
Theory:intensity
Hence, Coulomb at base of wall = SFslip
11 x (ULS)
4 == 44
0.23
kN/m2
WALL OVERTURNS!
Horizontal Force on wall = SFovt = 0.47
44 x 4 x 1 = 88 kN/m
SFovt (ULS) = 0.28
Hence, moment at base of wall = 88 x 4 = 117.3 kNm/m
3
ULS STATE
Load factor for ULS = ###
Hence, Design Moment = ### x 117.3 = 176.0 kNm/m
Design Shear = ### x 88 = 132.0 kN/m
Shah Technical Consultants
Project : Design of Sludge Thickner
Assam Urban Infrasstructure
Investment Program ( WTP )
3.0 Design of Sludge Thickener Wall
3.1 Element Design to IS 456 : 2000.
Consider a 1m wide strip of slab:
Concrete Characteristic Strength - fck = 30 N/mm2
Steel Yield Strength - fy = 500 N/mm2
Width of slab strip -b = 1000 mm b
Overall Depth of Section - D = 400 mm
Nominal Cover to all Bars = 50 mm d
Effective depth -d = 340 mm D
0.125% bd (min steel as cl 2.8.5 of ODS) = 425 mm2/m
Span Moment Mu = 176 kNm
Mu / b*d2 1.52 N/mm2
REINF PERCENTAGE REQ'D IS pt = 0.37 % Use 20 mm bars @ 150 centres
REQUIRED REINF AREA Ast = 1270 mm2
= 2094 mm2/m
= 0.62 %
Hence Design shear strength of concrete, t c = 0.54 N/mm2
and Vc = 184 kN
Shear - Vu = 132 kN
Nominal shear stress tv =Vu / bd = 0.4 N/mm2 SHEAR CHECK, tv < tcmax OK
Shear resistance required =Vu - Vc = -77 kN
Hence, Shear reinforcement is not required
3.2 Check Crack width in slab at wall face
Servicability State Moment at section considered Ms = 118 kNm/m
Servicability State Axial Force P = 0 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 150 mm
Diameter of Outer layer of Reinforcement f = 20 mm
Diameter of Inner layer of Reinforcement = 0 mm
Reinforcement layer acting in tension (Inner / Outer) = O
Nominal Cover to outer layer of reinforcement nc = 50 mm
Width of Section (use 1000 mm for slabs and walls) b = 1000 mm
Total depth of member h = 400 mm
Dist. from comp. face to the point at which the crack is being cal'd (usually 'h') a = 390 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement cmin = 40 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength fck,28 = 30 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar fy = 500 N/mm2
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E c,28 = 5000Öfck Ec,28 = 27386 N/mm2
Steel modulus Es = 210000 N/mm2
Shah Technical Consultants
Project : Design of Sludge Thickner
Assam Urban Infrasstructure
Investment Program ( WTP )
Area of Tension Reinforcement As = 2094 mm2
Tension reinforcement proportion p=As/(bd) p = 0.62 %
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf. d = 340 mm
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1 q = 1.1
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E eff= Ec / (1+q) Eeff = 13041 N/mm2
Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E s/Eeff m = 16.1
therefore mp = 0.09919
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=Ö[p2m2+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.36
Depth to neutral axis x=kd x = 121 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 300 mm
Stress in tension steel fs=[Ms / (Asz)] should be < 0.8fy fs = 188 N/mm2
Compressive Stress in concrete fcb = 2Ms/(zbx) should be < 0.45fck fcb 6.5 N/mm2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e1=(fs/Es)(a-x)/(d-x) e1 = 0.0011
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e2 =( (P/bh) /Eeff ) e2 = 0
Net effective Strain e'1 = e1 - e2 e'1 = 0.0011
Distance from critical crack position (midway between bars) to surface of rebar acr = 80 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered: em = e'1 - [b(h-x)(a-x)/(3EsAs(d-x))] em = 0.00084
SURFACE CRACK WIDTH, w = (3acrem)/(1+2((acr - cmin)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.157 mm =< 0.2 mm OK
Shah Technical Consultants
