Solutions To Text Questions

1: Sources of Food
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 9
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (d)
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 11
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a)

SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions:
1. Rice and water
2. Scavengers eat the flesh of dead animals, thus help to keep the Earth
clean.
3. Carnivores have sharp and pointed canines to tear the flesh eg. lion,
dog, wolf whereas, herbivores have wide and blunt teeth which are
suitable for grazing and grinding. E.g., cow, goat, camel, etc.
B. Science quiz:
1. Cauliflower and broccoli/banana flower/pumpkin flower
2. Tapeworms/roundworms/pinworms/hookworms
WORKSHEET
A. Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b)
B. Circle the odd ones. Give reasons for your choice.
1. Rajma → It is not a cereal.
2. Bear → It is an omnivore.
3. Crow → It is an omnivore.
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. sugar cane 2. animal 3. hives
SECTION B
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Scientific/Practical skills.
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a)
B. Very Short Answer Questions.
1. Ingredients 2. Herbivores 3. Potato and onion/ginger
4. We need food to get energy, to work and to get nutrients that help in
the repair, growth and maintenance of our body cells and protect from
diseases.
C. Short Answer Questions.
1. The rearing of honeybees on a large scale is called apiculture.
Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 13
 2. The organisms that feed on dead animals and plants and decompose
them are called decomposers. Some of the fungi and bacteria are
examples of decomposers.
3. Scavengers eat the dead bodies of plants and animals. Decomposers
decompose the remains. In this way, they help to keep the earth clean.
Without these organisms, our planet would be a heap of dead plants
and animals.
4. The parasites like tapeworms and roundworms that live inside the
bodies of animals, absorb the food digested by the host.
5. Animals that eat only the flesh of other animals are called carnivores.
E.g., Lions, tigers, eagles, wolves, etc.
6. (a) Honeybees collect nectar to prepare honey.
(b) We learn team work i.e., working hard together from honeybees.
D. Long Answer Questions.
1. To sprout seeds, take some seeds like moong or gram in a container
filled with water and leave it for a day. Next day, drain out the water
completely. Wrap the seeds in a piece of cotton cloth and keep them
aside. After a day, we observe small white structures growing out of the
seeds. These seeds are called sprouted seeds.
2. (a) Animals that eat only plants and plant products are called
herbivores. Cow, goat, sheep, etc., are examples of herbivores.
Animals that eat only the flesh of other animals are called
carnivores. Lion, tiger, leopard, etc., are examples of carnivores.
(b) Scavengers are animals that eat the flesh of dead animals. Jackals,
hyenas and vultures are examples of scavengers.
Some living organisms in nature like some of the fungi and bacteria
feed on dead plants and animals and decompose them. These are
called decomposers.
3. Food chain is a series of organisms linked together by the process of
eating and being eaten for food. All food chains start with green plants.
Plants are the only organisms on the Earth that trap solar energy
and make their food through photosynthesis. Plant-eating animals
(herbivores) get energy by eating the green plants which in turn are
eaten by flesh-eating animals (carnivores). This feeding relationship
among animals is shown by a food chain. Thus, a food chain consists of
a series of animals through which energy flows.
A simple food chain is given below.
Producer → consumer Primary → Secondary Tertiary
consumer → consumer
(Plant) (Herbivore) (Carnivore) (Top carnivore)
E.g., grass → grasshopper → frog → eagle

14 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

E. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) Questions.
1. Radhika is an omnivore.
2. Deer eat only plants and plant products thus are herbivores, while bears
eat both plant products and flesh of other animals. Thus, they are called
omnivores.
3. No, a food chain always starts from plants because plants are the only
organisms on the Earth that can trap and utilise solar energy to make
their own food. This energy gets transmitted to the animals directly or
indirectly as food.
4. Producers are the organisms that prepare their own food by trapping
solar energy. Green plants are called producers because they trap the
energy of the Sun and prepare food from carbon dioxide, water and
chlorophyll through the process of photosynthesis.
Your mother is not a producer because she does not make food on
her own. She uses many ingredients that are obtained from plants and
animals and cooks food.
F. Application Based Questions.
1. Paneer and cheese – from milk
Tomato – from tomato plant
Mushroom – from fungi
Maida – from wheat grains (plants)
2. (a) Food chain in a pond
phytoplankton → zooplankton → small fish → big fish
(b) Food chain in a desert
plants/grains → desert rat → desert snake → eagle
CROSSWORD PUZZLE:
Across (→): Down (↓):
1. Omnivores 5. Ingredients
2. Parasites 6. Apiculture
3. Food chain 7. Edible
4. Honey

2. Components of Food
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 18
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (a)
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 21
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (a) 5. (b)
Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 15
 SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions.
1. Vitamins are required in small quantities for normal functioning of our
body. They protect us from various diseases, so they are important for
us.
2. Overeating of fat rich-foods and lack of physical activities make a person
obese.
3. The deficiency of proteins in diet leads to a disease called kwashiorkor.
It affects children of one to 5 years.
4. We need to include roughage in our diet because it adds bulk to the
food. This helps our body to absorb a great amount of water and helps
to retain water in the body.
B. Science quiz.
1. Banana/Papaya/Mango/Potato and Wheat/Rice/Maize/Bajra/Sweet potato
2. Kwashiorkor 3. Anaemia
4. Vitamin K
WORKSHEET
A. Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (a)
B. Circle the odd ones. Give reasons for your choice.
1. Protein → It is a nutrient, others are minerals.
2. Goitre → It is a mineral deficiency disease, whereas others are
vitamin-deficiency diseases.
3. Beri-beri → It is a vitamin deficiency disease, whereas others are
mineral-deficiency diseases.
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. Carbohydrates
2. Carrots/green leafy vegetables/fish liver oil/butter/eggs
3. Beri-beri
4. Scurvy

SECTION B
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Scientific/Practical skills.
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c)
B. Very Short Answer Questions.
1. (a) Legumes/spinach/jaggery/egg yolk/apple/green leafy vegetables
and groundnuts are rich in iron.
(b) Cheese/green vegetables/whole grains/cereals/meat/milk and
eggs are rich in calcium.

16 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

 2. Raw vegetables and fruits are sources of roughage.
3. Calcium and phosphorus
4. Water
5. We should avoid fat-rich food because overeating of fat-rich food leads
to obesity.
C. Short Answer Questions.
1. Most of the water needed by our body comes from plain drinking water
and beverages like tea and coffee. We also get some water from the
food items we eat like fruits, vegetables, meat and fish.
2. (i) If cooking is done in excess of water and the water is thrown away
after cooking, many water-soluble vitamins and minerals are lost.
(ii) If cooking is done at high temperature, many proteins and vitamins
are destroyed.
(iii) Washing of some peeled and cut vegetables and fruits.
(iv) Repeated washing of pulses and rice.
3. The two types of carbohydrates in our food are sugars and starch. Sugars
are simple carbohydrates and found in the form of glucose and fructose.
They have a sweet taste. They provide instant energy. E.g., glucose and
cane sugar.
Starch is a complex carbohydrate. It is the reserve food material of
plants. Pure starch is tasteless and odourless white powder. It provides
energy comparatively slowly than sugars. E.g., Rice, wheat and potato.
4. A balanced diet is a diet that contains adequate amount of all the
essential nutrients, roughage and water for the proper growth and
development of the body. It is not same for every person. It depends on
sex and age of the person, occupation (type of work done) and special
needs (like during pregnancy).
5. (a) Monu is suffering from marasmus.
(b) Rohan’s action shows caring, sharing, humanity and kindness for
the poor/under privileged people.
6. Roughage is fibrous indigestible material present in our body that adds
bulk to the food. This helps our body to get rid of undigested food and
thereby prevents constipation. Roughage can absorb a great amount of
water and helps retain water in the body.
7. (a) Protein (b) Vitamin C
(c) Vitamin D (d) Iron
8. Iodine is essential for the formation of thyroxine hormone (secreted by
thyroid gland) which controls physical, mental and sexual development
of body. Lack of iodine in diet causes goitre (abnormal enlargement of
the thyroid gland), retarded growth and mental disability.

Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 17

D. Long Answer Questions.
1. The symptoms of marasmus are as follows:
(i) Body becomes very lean, thin and so weak that the child may not
be able to move.
(ii) Skin becomes dry, thin and wrinkled.
(iii) Ribs become very prominent.
(iv) Sunken eyes
(v) Unable to digest and absorb food and may suffer from diarrhoea.
2. The overeating of fat-rich foods leads to an overweight condition. This
condition is called obesity.
Junk foods like burgers, chips and soft drinks contain large amount of
fats and sugars. Due to lack of physical activity, fats get accumulated in
the body and causes obesity. Obesity may cause various cardiovascular
diseases like hypertension and arteriosclerosis.
3. Diseases that are caused due to the lack of nutrients i.e., carbohydrates,
fats, proteins, minerals and vitamins in our diet are called deficiency
diseases.

S. Deficiency
Causes Symptoms
No. diseases
(i) Rickets Lack of Softened and bent bones, bowed
vitamin D legs due to malformation of leg
bones, pain in bones
(ii) Night blindness Lack of Poor vision and loss of vision in
vitamin A darkness (night)
(iii) Anaemia Lack of Weakness and fatigue, loss of
iron weight, pale skin, loss of appetite
4. (a)  Water is the most important constituent of food. Our body contains
about 70% of water by weight. Water is needed by our body to
perform many vital functions. Some of these are—
(i) It regulates the temperature of our body by sweating.
(ii) It transports substances and nutrients inside our body.
(iii) It acts as an important medium where most chemical reactions
occurring in the body take place.
(iv) It helps our body absorb nutrients from the food we eat.
(b) In rickets, the bones of child are affected.
E. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions.
1. He/she is suffering from goitre. Lack of iodine in diet causes this disease.
2. He is suffering from scurvy. Lack of vitamin C in diet causes this disease.

18 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

 3. Dietary fibres and water are not food components but they are essential
for our diet due to the following reasons:
Roughage adds bulk to our diet and helps get rid of undigested food and
thereby prevents constipation. It can also absorb great amount of water
and helps retain water in the body.
Water is also a most important constituent of food. Our body contains
70% water by weight. Water is needed by our body to perform various
vital functions like transportation of nutrients and temperature
regulation. The loss of water from the body causes dehydration.
F. Application Based Questions.
1. Yes, it makes a difference. Washing of vegetables before chopping is a
good practice because washing of cut vegetables and fruits causes a loss
of water soluble vitamins.
2. To test the presence of protein in milk. We will take about 10 mL of
milk. We will add two drops of copper sulphate solution followed by 10
drops of caustic soda into it. A violet colour appears that indicates the
presence of protein in milk.
G. Practical Skill Based Question.
We take a piece of raw potato and put a few drops of iodine solution on its
cut surface with the help of a dropper.
We observe blue-black colour when the iodine drops fall on the cut surface
of potato. This shows that the potato contains starch.
Think And Answer
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (a)
WORD GRID K D E H Y D R A T I O N
1. Proteins A I E K A C P C J K B P
2. Vitamins
V I T A M I N S K K E R
3. Iodine
K E A M A R A S M U S O
4. Obesity
K A U K L O K C Z A I T
5. Marasmus
K I O D I N E U K K T E
6. Iron
K L P H K N K R K K Y I
7. Scurvy
8. Dehydration T K S K Q K J V K K K N
M A N G O B O Y R T K S
3. Fibre to Fabric
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 32
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (c)
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 37
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (b)
Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 19
 SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions.
1. In those days, stitching was not known and thus, people used to wear
unstitched clothes, i.e., clothes were just wrapped around the body.
2. The early humans did not know about clothes, so they used the bark of
trees, large leaves and animal skins to protect themselves in different
weather conditions.
3. Cotton clothes are comfortable in hot and humid conditions. They
absorb more water and sweat. They allow air to pass through them.
Cotton clothes are biodegradable and do not affect the environment.
B. Science quiz.
1. Natural fibres, synthetic fibres and mixed fibres
2. Black soil and warm climate
3. Charkha and hand spindle or takli
WORKSHEET
A. Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c)
5. (b) 6. (b) 7. (a)
B. Match the following.
1. (d) 2. (e) 3. (b) 4. (a) 5. (c)
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. fibres 2. Wool/Silk 3. plant
4. black 5. ginning

SECTION B
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Scientific/Practical skills.
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b)
B. Very Short Answer Questions.
1. (a) Jute, cotton
(b) Wool, silk
2. Terrycot, terrysilk/terrywool
3. Handloom, powerloom
4. Handloom is a simple machine used to weave on a small scale. It is
operated by hand.
5. Ginning is the process of separation of cotton fibres from their seeds.
C. Short Answer Questions.
1. We wear clothes to protect our bodies from different weather conditions
like heat, cold and rain. We wear different types of clothes according to
climate, occupation, culture, tradition and daily needs.

20 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

 2. Natural fibres - wool, cotton, silk, jute
Synthetic fibres - nylon, polyester
3. Cotton is obtained from the seeds of cotton plant. Jute is obtained from
the stem of jute plant.
4. Fibres are classified according to their sources. Fibres are of three types:
Fibres

Natural fibres Synthetic fibres Mixed fibres

(Examples: (Examples: terrysilk,
nylon,polyester) terrywool)
Plant fibres Animal fibres
(Examples: (Examples:
cotton, jute) wool, silk)
5. (a) Wool (b) Kindness, caring and sharing
D. Long Answer Questions.
1. Advantages of natural fabrics—
(i) These fabrics absorb more water and sweat.
(ii) They allow air to pass through them.
(iii) They are biodegradable and do not affect the environment.
Disadvantages of natural fabrics—
(i) They do not retain their creases for long.
(ii) They may shrink on ordinary washing.
(iii) They can easily be attacked by moths and moulds.
(iv) They do not dry rapidly.
(v) Natural silk is very expensive and not affordable.
2. Jute is a plant fibre obtained from the stems of the jute plant. For
obtaining jute, the plants are cut during the flowering stage. This is
because good quality jute is obtained from young stem otherwise the
stem becomes very hard and it is difficult to remove fibres from it.
After harvesting, the stalks of the plant are tied into bundles and left in
stagnant water. In stagnant water, bacteria grow easily and they eat the
sticky matter that holds the fibres. This process is called retting.
When the stems rot, the fibres are separated by hands and then dried
under the Sun. After drying, they are tied into small bundles and sent to
the mills. These fibres are then spun and woven into fabrics at the mills.
3. Jute is the second most important fibre after cotton. It is used in
following ways–
(i) It is used for making gunny bags or sacks.
(ii) High quality jute is woven into curtains, carpets, chair coverings
and packing for linoleum.
Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 21
 (iii) S hopping bags, table mats, jute beads and jewellery are also made
up of jute.
(iv) Jute bags are extensively used in packing cereals like wheat, jowar
and maize.
E. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions.
1. Radhika will get more warmth. The three blankets contain layers of air
between them. Air is a poor conductor of heat which prevents the easy
conduction of heat as compared to single thick blanket.
2. She should keep cotton pants with kurtas because the weather of Jaipur
and Jodhpur is hot and she will feel comfortable in cotton pants with
kurtas.
F. Application Based Questions.
1. Cotton fabric is preferred while working in kitchen because on burning
cotton fabric do not stick to the skin. The synthetic fabrics catch fire
easily and on burning melt, shrink and become sticky. They stick to the
skin and worsen the burn injuries.
2. She should use synthetic fabrics for her dress because they are more
durable and easy to maintain. They dry up fast and are wrinkle-free.
Think And Answer
Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (d) 2. (a)

4. Sorting Materials into Groups

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 45
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (b)
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 48
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (b)

SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions:
1. We classify objects on the basis of certain similarities and dissimilarities.
2. The oxygen dissolved in water is used by aquatic plants and animals for
their survival.
3. Gold and silver are used to make jewellery due to their lustre or shine.
4. Tumbler is not made with cloth because it is used to contain water and
a cloth tumbler cannot retain water.
B. Science quiz:
1. Natural materials — wood, gold, cotton, coal, iron
Human-made materials — plastic, steel, aluminium, glass

22 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

 2. Grounded glass/tissue paper/butter paper/frosted glass/fog/mist
3. Glycerine and vinegar/alcohol
WORKSHEET
A. Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (b)
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. Metals 2. classification 3. hard
4. miscible 5. Heavy objects
SECTION B
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Scientific/Practical skills.
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (c)
B. Very Short Answer Questions.
1. Water and glass/alcohol/air/cellophane paper
2. Wood and plastic rocks/wood/aluminium/stones
3. Iron and copper are hard objects while foam, sponge and melted wax
are soft objects.
C. Short Answer Questions.
1. (a) The three physical states of materials are solid, liquid and gas.
(b) Differences in solid, liquid and gas
S.No. Parameters Solid Liquid Gas
(i) Shape and Solids have Liquids do not have Gases do not
Volume definite shape definite shape but have definite
and fixed have fixed volume. shape and fixed
volume. volume.
(ii) Arrangement The molecules Liquid molecules are Gas molecules
of molecules of solids are less closely-packed are very loosely-
closely-packed. with respect to solids. packed.
(iii) Compressibility Solids Liquids can be Gases are highly
cannot be compressed to small compressible.
compressed. extent.
2. (a) M
 aterials are substances that are used in making different objects.
All the objects are made of one or more kinds of materials. E.g., A
chair is made of wood and a steel spoon is made of steel.
(b) Materials are of two types— natural and human-made.
The materials that are obtained from nature are called natural
materials, e.g., wood, iron whereas the materials which do not
occur in nature but are made by humans in factories by combining
two or more materials are called human-made materials. E.g.,
plastic, aluminium.

Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 23

 3.
Lustrous materials-gold chain, aluminium rod

Non-lustrous materials-plastic bottle, cotton shirt
4.
Hard materials-diamond, brick

Soft materials-tomato, wax
5.
(a) Sugar disappeared in water because it is soluble in water. The
particles of sugar have become very small and have spread
uniformly in water.
(b) We learn to mix, i.e., live in harmony with the people around us
irrespective of their religion, caste and social status.
D. Long Answer Questions.
1. We classify objects around us because it has the following advantages:
(i) Classification helps in systematic study of objects.
(ii) It helps in identifying and locating things.
(iii) It helps to study the properties of objects of one category and also
observe any pattern in these properties.
(iv) It helps us to know how the members of a group different from
those of the other groups.
2. In Science, the special shiny appearance is indicated by the term lustre.
If you observe a gold chain, it has a shiny appearance. So, gold is said to
have lustre (chamak). On the other hand, if we look at a piece of plastic,
it does not have a shiny appearance, thus it does not have lustre, so
plastic is non-lustrous material.
All the metals like gold, silver, copper, aluminium and iron have shiny
appearance and they are lustrous materials. Some metals lose their
shine and appear dull due to the action of air and moisture.
We can check the lustrous and non-lustrous materials by observing
their freshly cut surfaces and by rubbing the surface with sandpaper.
3. (a) The materials through which we can see the objects partially are
called translucent materials. Frosted glass, fog, mist, grounded
glass and tissue paper are translucent materials.
(b) The materials through which we cannot see the objects are
called opaque materials and this property of materials is called
opaqueness. Metals, cardboard, books and wood are examples of
opaque substances.
4. (a) The liquid substances that get completely mixed with water are
called miscible substances, e.g., vinegar, alcohol, glycerine and the
liquid substances that do not mix with water and form a separate
layer are called immiscible substances. E.g., kerosene oil, petrol.
(b) Yes, some gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide can be dissolved
in water. These are called soluble gases. E.g., Cold drinks are a
mixture of carbon dioxide gas in water.

24 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

E. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions.
1. Coloured glass is a translucent material through which we can see the
objects partially. The coloured glass of car does not allow the person
standing outside to see the person sitting inside clearly.
2. The handles of cooking utensils are made up of hard plastic or wood
because these materials are good insulators of heat. The hard plastic
cannot melt easily by heat.
3. Solids, liquids and gases are the three physical states of materials
where the arrangement of atoms is different. So, they have different
properties.
F. Practical Skill Based Question.
When we pour mustard oil on water kept in a glass, it forms a separate layer
on water as both water and mustard oil are immiscible liquids.
When we pour vinegar on water kept in another glass, it dissolves completely
in water and forms a homogeneous solution as both water and vinegar are
miscible liquids.
Think And Answer
Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (d) 2. (a)
CROSSWORD PUZZLE
Across (→) Down (↓)
1. Matter 4. Material
2. Hard 5. Iron­­­
3. Liquid

5. Separation of Substances
Think Page No. 58
A wire mesh, a piece of cotton cloth, a piece of muslin cloth (fine cloth) or even
a layer of sand can also be used as filters for various purposes.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 58
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (c)
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 62
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (d)

SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions.
1. We need to separate different components from a mixture to
remove undesirable and harmful substances and obtain useful
components.
Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 25
 2. Liquids which do not mix or dissolve in one another and form separate
layers are called immiscible liquids.
Examples — (a) Water and kerosene
(b) Water and mustard oil
3. The clear liquid obtained after filtration is called filtrate.
4. The insoluble solids that cannot pass through the filter paper and
remain on the filter paper during filtration is called residue.
B. Science quiz.
1. Evaporation
2. We get water from salt solution through evaporation followed by
condensation or through distillation.
3. Alum
4. Mixture of water and oil and mixture of chalk in water are examples of
heterogeneous mixture.
WORKSHEET
A. Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (c) 5. (a) 6. (a)
B. Circle the odd ones. Give reasons for your choice.
1. Evaporation → It is used to separate soluble solids dissolved in a
liquid. Whereas others are methods of separation of
solid substances.
2. Winnowing → It is used to separate the desired substance (food
grains) from a mixture of food grains and husk.
Whereas others are the methods of separation of
insoluble solids.
3. Water → It is a solvent. Others are solid substances.
4. Sand → It is not a part of solution. Others are used together
to form a mixture or solution.
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. different 2. winnowing
3. Sedimentation, decantation 4. Sieving
5. solubility

SECTION B
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Scientific/Practical skills.
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (a)
B. Very Short Answer Questions.
1. Threshing 2. Cleaning of muddy water
3. Evaporation and condensation
4. Filtration

26 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

 5. The process of changing vapour into its liquid state on cooling is called
condensation. E.g., it is used to get water from salt solution.
6. Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures
C. Short Answer Questions.
1. (a) Water is called universal solvent because it can dissolve many
substances like sugar and salt.
(b) The extent to which a substance gets dissolved in a liquid is called
its solubility.
The solubility of a solid solute in water can be increased with the
rise in temperature. The solubility of gases get affected by changes
in temperature and pressure.
2. (a) The process of settling down of heavier insoluble particles at the
bottom of a liquid is called sedimentation. The heavier insoluble
particles at the bottom of the liquid are called sediments.
(b) The process of pouring out a clear liquid from a vessel (after
sedimentation) without disturbing the sediment (heavy, insoluble
settled particles) is called decantation.
3. No, water cannot dissolve any amount of a substance. Different
substances dissolve to different extent in water at a given temperature.
Water can dissolve any substance only upto a limited amount.
4. The process of increasing the rate of sedimentation in a suspension by
adding some chemicals to it is called loading. E.g., a piece of alum is
used to increase the rate of sedimentation in muddy water.
5. After filtration, the clear liquid that passes through the filter paper and
collects in the beaker kept below the funnel is called a filtrate.
The particles that cannot pass through the filter paper and remain
behind on the filter paper is called residue.
6. (a) Sieving and hand picking.
Sieving to separate dal and gram seeds from rice flour and then
hand picking to separate gram seeds.
(b) From Soni’s brother we learn to be helpful and caring.
D. Long Answer Questions.
1. (a) Mustard seeds and powdered common salt are separated by
sieving. Chalk powder and water are separated by sedimentation
and decantation. Sand and water are separated by sedimentation
and decantation. Grains and stones are separated by hand picking.
(b) Fine sand is separated from larger particles through sieving. When
the components of a mixture are of different sizes, a sieve can be
used to separate them. A sieve is a shallow vessel that has small
holes. The size of the holes in the sieve depends on the size of
components to be separated.

Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 27

 2. We can obtain clean water from muddy water by filtration.
Things needed: Muddy water, filter paper, glass rod, iron stand, funnel,
two beakers.
Method: Take some muddy glass rod
water in a beaker. Now, take
a circular piece of filter paper
and fold it twice. Open it out
to make a cone. Place this muddy
filter paper cone in a funnel. filter water
funnel
Clamp the funnel containing paper insoluble solid
the filter paper on an iron cone (residue)
stand. Keep an empty beaker
below the funnel. Pour the
muddy water slowly into the clear liquid
(filtrate)
cone, using a glass rod. The
clear water passes through Cleaning of water by filtration
the filter paper and collects
in the beaker kept below the funnel. The clear liquid obtained is called
filtrate.
Observation: Take out the filter paper cone and open it out.
Result: Mud particles can be seen on the filter paper. This is called
residue. In filtration, the mud particles (bigger in size) cannot pass
through the filter paper and remain behind on the filter paper.
3. (a) The solubility of a saturated solution increases with the rise in
temperature. It means, by heating we can dissolve more solute in
a saturated solution.
(b) When the saturated solution of a substance is cooled, the solubility
of the substance decreases and some of the dissolved substances
separates in the form of crystals.
4. (a) Separation of substances from a mixture is often necessary for
the removal of harmful and undesirable substances and to obtain
useful components.
(b) Homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the constituents are
uniformly distributed and each part of the mixture has the same
properties.
For example, salt dissolves in water to form a homogeneous
mixture. Particles of salt and water are uniformly distributed and
each part of the mixture has the same properties.
Heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the constituents do
not get mixed uniformly and each part of the mixture has different
properties. For example, sand and sawdust form a heterogeneous
mixture. Each part of the mixture has different properties.

28 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

E. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions.
1. Sieving
2. Yes, a farmer can use a pedestal fan to do winnowing as it increases the
rate of winnowing. Winnowing is used to separate heavier and lighter
components of a mixture by moving air or wind.
F. Application Based Questions.
1. By sieving, she can easily remove the wheat grains from wheat flour.
2. Hand picking is the best method to select the best vegetables and fruits
in the market.
G. Practical Skill Based Question.
We can increase the rate of sedimentation in suspension by the method
of loading. This is done by rotating a piece of alum in muddy water/
suspension.
Think And Answer
Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (c) 2. (a)

6. Changes Around Us
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 70
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (d)
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 73
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (a)

SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions.
1. Natural changes Human-made changes
(i) Change of seasons (i) Cooking of food
(ii) Formation of clouds (ii) Burning of fossil fuels
(iii) Weathering of rocks (iii) Weaving of cloth
(iv) Formation of glaciers (iv) Production of food grains
(v) Beating of heart (v) Dissolving sugar in water
(vi) Flowering of plants (vi) Making of idlis from a batter
(vii) Ripening of fruits (vii) Boiling of raw eggs
(viii) Occurrence of day and night
2. (a) Size increases or expands
(b) Size decreases or contracts
3. Burning of paper and burning of crackers/Boiling of milk/Formation of
curd/Cooking of food/Raw egg to boiled egg

Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 29

B. Science quiz.
1. Irreversible change 2. Iron, aluminium, silver
3. Glass, biscuits, coal 4. Chemical change
WORKSHEET
A. Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (a)
B. Circle the odd ones. Give reasons for your choice.
1. Boiling water → It is a reversible change whereas others are
irreversible changes.
2. Hammering of metals → It is a reversible change, whereas others are
natural changes.
3. Tearing of paper → It is a physical change, whereas others are
chemical changes.
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. reversible 2. irreversible/natural/chemical
3. physical/reversible 4. Heating
SECTION B
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Scientific/Practical skills.
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (a)
B. Very Short Answer Questions.
1. Chemical change
   2. On heating, aluminium rod expands.
3. On cooling, steam changes into water.
4. Physical change/reversible change
5. Formation of day and night is a natural change.
6. On applying pressure, a brittle object breaks. It is an irreversible change.
C. Short Answer Questions.
1. The changes that can be reversed easily by reversing the conditions to
obtain a substance in its original form are called reversible changes. E.g.,
stretching of a rubber band.
2. The changes that cannot be reversed even by changing the conditions
to obtain a substance back in its original form are called irreversible
changes. E.g., burning of wood, crackers, ageing of living beings.
3. (a) No, we cannot get the vegetables back from the soup. It represents
an irreversible change.
(b) It is our duty to take care of our parents. Neha’s action shows
concern and affection for her mother.
4. The ways to bring about changes are heating, cooling, applying pressure
and mixing of substances.
30 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6
 5. The milk kept in refrigerator becomes cold after some time. If milk is kept
in the freezer of the refrigerator, then it is converted into frozen milk
(solid). In both the cases, the changes are physical. In both the cases, the
change occurs due to change in temperature. In second case, the change
in temperature changes the state of matter i.e. changes liquid milk into
solid milk (frozen).
6. Burning of coal, digestion of food, baking of a chapati and rusting of iron
are irreversible changes.
Freezing of water, ironing of a shirt, knitting of a sweater and folding of
paper are reversible changes.
D. Long Answer Questions.
1. Heating and cooling of water brings change in its states. On heating,
water changes to steam (water vapour) i.e., water (liquid) changes to
gaseous state. This process is called evaporation. On heating, the kinetic
energy of water molecules increases. Due to increase in kinetic energy,
the particles start moving with greater speed. As the temperature is
further increased, the energy supplied in form of heat overcomes the
force of attraction between the particles. At this stage, the particles
leave their original position and start moving fast and thus, water
changes into water vapour.
On cooling, water changes into ice, i.e., water (liquid) changes to solid
state. This process is called freezing. On cooling, the kinetic energy of
water molecules decreases. Due to decrease in the kinetic energy, the
water molecules start moving slowly. As the temperature is further
lowered, the force of attraction pulls the particles close together and
water changes into ice (solid).
2. A metal rim is fixed around the wooden wheel in the following way—
The iron rim is made slightly smaller in size than the wooden wheel.
The ironsmith heats this iron rim uniformly over fire. On heating, the
iron rim expands and becomes somewhat bigger in size. This hot iron
rim is now easily put around the wooden wheel. Water is then poured
over the hot iron rim to cool it. On cooling, the hot iron rim contracts
(shrinks) and fits tightly around the wooden wheel.
3. S.No. Physical change Chemical change
(i) A change in which no new A change in which a new
substance is formed is called substance is formed is called
a physical change. a chemical change.
(ii) In physical change the state, The properties of new
size and shape of a substance substances formed in
change. The properties of chemical changes are entirely
the substance remain the different from those of the
same. original substances.

Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 31

 (iii) Most of the physical changes Most of the chemical changes
are temporary and reversible. are permanent and irreversible.
(iv) Melting of ice and tearing of Burning of paper and charring
paper are physical changes. of sugar are chemical changes.
4. Burning of candle is a chemical change. On burning a candle, wax burns
to produce wax vapours and carbon dioxide. It produces heat and light.
Candle becomes smaller on burning. New substances are formed and
energy is released during the burning of candle. It cannot be reversed.
It is a permanent change. Thus, burning of candle is a chemical change.
E. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions.
1. In summer, the rail tracks that are made from iron, expand. To allow this
expansion, space is left between two sections of the rail tracks. If this is
not done, expansion of tracks can cause them to bend that may lead to
serious accidents.
2. Mercury is a metal and expands on heating. When mercury thermometers
come in contact with heat, the mercury inside it expands and reaches
at a certain level according to the temperature. The shining thread of
mercury can be easily seen from the outside of a thermometer.
3. (a) Rolling of roti from dough— It is an example of a reversible change
as we can change the roti into the dough. It requires kinetic energy.
(b) Baking of roti— It is an example of irreversible change as on baking,
the roti cannot be changed into dough. It requires heat energy.
Think And Answer
Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (a) 2. (b)
7. The Living and the Non-living
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 80
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (d)
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 82
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (c)
Think Page No. 83
In the case of growth of shoot, light is stimuli and growth of shoot towards light is
a response. In case of roots, gravity is stimuli and growth of roots towards gravity
is a response.
SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions.
1. The growth of the crystal is external, i.e., due to addition of substances
from outside. The growth of baby bird is internal, i.e., from inside due
to multiplication and growth of cells.

32 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

 2. All the living things respire to get energy.
3. (i) A peepal plant can make its food through photosynthesis whereas
a lion does not make its own food and gets its food from other
animals.
(ii) A peepal tree cannot move, whereas the lion can move.
(iii) A peepal tree continues to grow throughout its life while the lion
grows only upto a certain age.
B. Science quiz.
1. A cell
2. Amoeba/Paramecium/bacteria
3. Wastes of plants –gums, resins and latex, carbon dioxide
Wastes of animals –urea, carbon dioxide, uric acid, faeces, urine
WORKSHEET
A. Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (b)
B. Circle the odd ones. Give reasons for your choice.
1. Kitten – It is a living thing. Others are non-living things.
2. Stomata – It is found in plants for gaseous exchange. Others are
respiratory organs of different animals.
3. Bird – It is a multicellular organism. Others are unicellular
organisms.
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. matter 2. tissue 3. dead
4. Viruses 5. heterotrophs
SECTION B
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Scientific/Practical skills.
1. (b) 2. (b)
B. Very Short Answer Questions.
1. Respiration 2. Stomata
3. (a) Dog/cow/elephant/giraffe/horse
(b) Hen/lizard/cockroach/duck/ostrich
C. Short Answer Questions.
1. The time period for which a living organism remains alive is called its
lifespan. The average lifespan of humans is 65-80 years.
2. Leather, wool, mango and wooden table were once a part of living things.
3. Respiration is the process of breakdown of food in the body of an
organism with the help of oxygen to release carbon dioxide, water and
energy. Respiration is essential for all living things because it provides
energy to living things to do work, move and stay alive.
Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 33
 4. (a) T hrowing stone on dog is a stimulus and biting of dog is a
response.
(b) From Manoj, we learn to be helpful and kind to others and from the
actions of Arjun we learn that we should not harm other animals or
plants unnecessarily.
D. Long Answer Questions.
1. Different organisms carry out exchange of gases through different organs.
Animals like tigers, cats, dogs and human beings breathe through lungs.
Insects like cockroaches, flies, mosquitoes and grasshoppers breathe
through air holes (spiracles) present on the surface of their bodies. The
fish has special organs of breathing called gills.
The gills absorb oxygen dissolved in water. The earthworm breathes
through its skin. The skin of an earthworm is quite thin and moist and
has a good blood supply.
Like animals, exchange of gases also takes place in plants through tiny
pores called stomata, present on the surface of the leaves.
2. All the living things grow, they become taller and bigger on their own.
Growth is actually an increase in size of the body. All the animals
grow upto a certain age only. After attaining certain size and shape, they
stop growing. Humans also grow for a few years and then they stop
growing.
For example, in humans we observe that there is no growth in arms and
limbs after a certain age. But in case of plants, a tiny seed grows into a
baby plant and after some time it grows into a big plant or tree. Unlike
animals, plants continue to grow throughout their life. After attaining a
certain height, the plants do not grow in height but only in width. New
branches grow. They produce seeds, flowers and fruits. E.g., a peepal
tree and a banyan tree lives for 200 years.
3. (a) Sunlight is stimulus and bending of plant towards sunlight is
response.
(b) Stimulus is any change in the surroundings of an organism to which
it responds. Some examples of stimuli are light, sound, smell and
touch.
The ability to respond to any external change is called sensitivity.
4. (a) The given picture shows the growth of a tiny seed into a big plant.
(b) A group of similar cells that perform a particular function is called
a tissue.
A group of tissues that work together to perform a particular
function in the body is called an organ. E.g., heart, lungs, etc.
5. (a) The common feature in living and non-living things is that they are
made up of matter. i.e. they have mass and occupy space.

34 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

 (b) S.No. Living things Non-living things
(i) Living things are made up Non-living things are not
of cells. made up of cells.
(ii) Living things can move on Non-living things cannot
their own. move on their own.
(iii) Living things have a definite Non-living things do not
lifespan. have a definite lifespan.
(iv) Living things reproduce. Non-living things do not
reproduce.
(v) Living things need food to Non-living things do not
live. need food.
E. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions.
1. Barking of dog is a stimulus and running of Ibrahim is response.
When we touch the leaves of Mimosa pudica (touch-me-not) plant, it
quickly folds its leaves. Here, touching is the stimulus and folding of
leaves is the response.
2. The shoot or stem always grows upwards while the roots always grow
downwards.
3. The wheat grains stored in gunny bags are non-living, but when they
were attached to the plant, they were living.

8. Getting to Know Plants

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 92
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (b)
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 96
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (d)
Think Page No. 98
Honeybees collect nectar from flowers and form honey. During collection of
nectar, they move from flower to flower and thus help in pollinating (transfer of
pollen grains from anther to stigma) the flowers.

SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions.
1. As green leaves prepare food for plant, they are called food factories or
kitchen of the plant.
2. In plants, exchange of gases takes place through the stomata.
3. The main functions of leaves are manufacture of food, exchange of
gases and transpiration.
Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 35
B. Science quiz.
1. Cactus/prickly poppy/date palm
2. Mustard/pea/carrot/radish/mango/neem
WORKSHEET
A. Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (a)
B. Circle the odd ones. Give reasons for your choice.
1. Lemon → It is a shrub, whereas others are trees.
2. Filament → It is a part of stamen, whereas others are the parts of a
pistil.
3. Flowers → All others are parts of flower.
SECTION B
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Scientific/Practical skills:
1. (b) 2. (b) 3. (c)
B. Very Short Answer Questions.
1. Stamen
2. Peepal and mango/china rose/mustard/cabbage/lemon/neem
3. The stem of a potato plant that is present above the ground, makes food
by photosynthesis. The underground stem that is fleshy, stores food and
is edible.
4. The part of a stem where a leaf arises is called node and the region of
the stem between the two adjacent nodes is called internode.
5. When pollen grains fall on the stigma, they germinate and move down
through the tube called style and reach the ovary. Inside the ovary, the
male sex cells present in the pollen grains fuse with the female sex cells
present in ovules. This is called fertilisation.
C. Short Answer Questions.
1. The arrangement of veins on leaf blade or lamina is called venation. The
leaves of banana, palm, bamboo and sugar cane have parallel venation.
2. In some plants, a bunch of thin, fibre-like roots stem
arise from the base of the stem. These are called
fibrous roots. E.g., onion, rice, grass, maize and
wheat are plants that have fibrous roots. fibrous
roots
3. After fertilisation, the ovules grow and become
seed. The ovary of a flower grows and becomes
fruit. The fruit protects the seeds.
4. (a) These root nodules contain a nitrogen-fixing bacteria called
Rhizobium.
(b) The relationship between the roots and bacteria teach us to help
each other to survive and live in harmony in the society.
36 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6
 5. A pistil is a flask-shaped organ present at the centre stigma
of a flower. The pistil is the female reproductive
part of the flower. Each pistil consists of stigma,
style and ovary. style
6. Herbs—sunflower, tomato, mustard
Shrubs—China rose, lemon, rose plant
Trees—gulmohar, mango
7. Ginger is a stem because like stems it also has ovary
nodes, internodes, buds and scaly leaves. It is thick
and fleshy because it is modified to store food.
Structure of a pistil
D. Long Answer Questions.
1. To show that roots absorb water and minerals from the soil
Things needed: Two pots, two weed plants, khurpi, some water, soil, a
pair of scissors
Method: Take two pots (A and B) and fill them with soil. Select two
weed plants from an open ground. With the help of a khurpi, dig these
plants without breaking their roots. Plant one plant in pot A. With the
help of scissors, cut off the roots of the other plant and plant it in pot B.
Provide water to both the pots regularly and observe the plants after a
week.
Observation: The plant in pot A remains healthy, while the plant in pot
B wilts and eventually, dries.
Result: This activity shows that roots are essential for the absorption of
water and minerals from the soil.

after a week
after a week

Pot A plant remains Pot B plant wilts

plant with roots healthy plant without root
Roots absorb water for the plant.
2. The advantages of transpiration are as follows :
(i) It helps in cooling the plant body just as loss of water during
sweating helps us to keep cool.
(ii) When leaves lose water during transpiration, more water and
minerals are pulled upwards from the roots to make up for the
lost water. Thus, transpiration helps in the conduction of water and
minerals in the plant.

Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 37

 3. Flowers are the most beautiful part of a plant. Different plants have
different types of flowers. The flower is attached to the stem by a stalk
called pedicel. The uppermost part of the stalk is somewhat swollen.
This swollen part of the pedicel is known as thalamus.
stamen
(male reproductive
petal part of flower)

pistil (female
reproductive part
of flower)
sepal
thalamus

pedicel

Parts of a flower
The main parts of a flower are sepals, petals, stamens and pistil.
Sepals — The green, leaf - like parts in the outermost circle of a flower
are called sepals. They protect the flower during the bud stage.
Petals — These are usually brightly coloured due to the presence of
coloured pigments. The brightly - coloured petals serve to attract insects
which help in pollination.
Stamens — They are found just inside the petals. The stamen is the
male reproductive part of a flower. Each stamen consists of a thin stalk
called filament and a two-lobed head called the anther. Each anther
lobe has two pollen sacs that are filled with pollen grains. Pollen grains
are yellow fine dust-like particles which contain the male sex cells of the
flowering plant.
Pistil — At the centre of the flower, there is a flask-shaped organ called
pistil. The pistil is the female reproductive part of a flower. Each pistil
consists of stigma, style and ovary.
4. Tap root is a single straight root which grows vertically down into the
soil and gives out many branches on all the sides. Tap root is the main
root and the smaller side roots are called lateral roots. E.g., mango,
neem, carrot and radish.
The fibrous roots consist of many thin, fibre-like roots of same size. The
fibrous roots spread out in the soil and give a firm support to the plant.
E.g., grass and wheat.
The leaf venation and the types of root system in a plant are related.
Plants with reticulate venation in their leaves have tap roots whereas
those with parallel venation have fibrous roots. E.g., sugarcane and
banana leaves.
E. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) Questions.
1. Plants prepare their food in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll
with the help of water, minerals and carbon dioxide. The plant food is a

38 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

 kind of simple sugar called glucose. The food in the kitchen is made from
one or more than one type of plant and animals products by cooking.
2. Tomato, brinjal and lemon are fruits because they are formed from
maturation of ovary. They contain seeds.
3. Pollination
4. Climbers are plants with weak stems that take the support to climb. In
thick forests, there are more climbers because trees provide support to
the climbers.
5. The leaf venation and the type of root system in a plant are related.
Since, the plant has taproot, the venation of leaf will be reticulate.

9. Body Movements
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 108
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (c)
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 110
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (c)
Think Page No. 112
The streamlined (like a boat) body of aeroplanes, boats and ships help them to
cut the air and water current and enables them to move freely with the flow of
air and water.
SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions.
1. Animals move to find their food and water, to protect themselves from
their enemies and to find suitable places for laying eggs or rearing their
young ones.
2. Human skeleton gives shape and support to the body and protect the
delicate internal organs of the body. It also helps in the movement of
our body parts together with muscles. Red and white blood cells are
made in bone marrow that is present in the bones.
3. An earthworm moves by the contraction and expansion of circular and
longitudinal muscles and holding and withdrawing of bristles. It helps
the earthworm to get a firm grip on the ground.
B. Science quiz.
1. (i) Ball and socket joint
(ii) Hinge joint
(iii) Pivot joint
(iv) Gliding joint
2. Biceps and triceps

Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 39

WORKSHEET
A. Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (c)
B. Circle the odd ones. Give reasons for your choice.
1. Biceps → It is a muscle, whereas others are the parts of a skeleton.
2. Tibia → It is a bone, whereas others are the types of joints.
3. Fish → It has a bony endoskeleton, whereas others have
exoskeleton.
4. Head → It is not an organ for locomotion, whereas the others help
to move.
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. joint 2. nervous 3. hinge
4. movement 5. antennae
D. State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F
SECTION B
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Scientific/Practical skills.
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c)
B. Very Short Answer Questions.
1. There are two types of girdles found in human body
(i) a pair of shoulder girdles (ii) a pair of hip girdles
2. In ball and socket joint, the ball-shaped end of one bone fits into the
hollow cup-shaped socket of the other bone.
3. A cockroach has three pairs of jointed legs.
4. The joints of elbows, knees, fingers and toes have hinge joints.
C. Short Answer Questions.
1. The twelve pairs of thin and curved bones called the ribs form a cage-
like structure called ribcage. The function of ribcage is to protect the
heart and lungs.
2. The joints that do not allow any movement between the bones are
called fixed joints. Example, bones of the skull (except lower jaw) are
interlocked with each other which do not allow any movement.
3. Animals move from one place to another to find food, water, shelter,
favourable environment, partner, suitable place for laying or rearing
eggs and protection from enemies.
4. Our elbows have hinge joints that allow movement of bones in one
direction (upwards) only. So, we cannot move our elbows backwards.
5. A slimy substance called mucus is secreted by a snail’s foot which
reduces the friction between the foot and the ground surface and helps

40 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

 the muscles of foot to move forward. A trail of mucus is left behind
when the snail crawls.
6. (a) Hinge joint is found in the knee.
(b) From Shreya we learn that it is our duty to take care of our
grandparents in their old age and when they need us.
D. Long Answer Questions.
1. Most of the joints in the human body are freely movable. Freely movable
joints are of four types, depending on the type and extent of movement
they allow:
(i) Ball and socket joint (ii) Hinge joint
(iii) Pivot joint (iv) Gliding joint
(i)  Ball and socket joint: In this type of joint, the ball-shaped end of
one bone fits into the hollow-cup shaped socket of another bone.
This joint allows maximum movement in all directions. The joint of
the shoulder and the hip are examples of ball and socket joint.
(ii)  Hinge joint: A hinge joint is like the hinges in a door. This joint
allows movement of bones in one direction only. i.e., up and down
or back and forth movement. The joint of elbows, fingers, knees
and toes are examples of hinge joint.
(iii)  Pivot joint: The joint where our neck joins the head is a pivot joint.
It allows us to bend our head forward and backward and turn the
head to our right or left.
(iv)  Gliding joint: This kind of joint allows bones to glide over each other
to provide little movement in all directions. It is found between the
wrist and the carpals and between the ankle and the tarsals.
2. Muscles are the fibrous tissues in the body that have the ability to
contract. Muscles are attached to the bones of our skeleton (through
strong fibres called tendons). So, when the muscles attached to a bone
contracts, it pulls the bone and makes the bone move at the joint. A
muscle can only pull a bone, it cannot push a bone. So, another muscle
attached to the same bone has to contract to pull it in the opposite
direction. This means that two muscles work together to move a bone.
The movement of body parts as well as locomotion in human beings is
brought about by the alternate contraction and stretching of muscles
attached to the bones of the skeleton. When muscles pull on the bones,
they produce movements such as moving of head, bending of arm,
straightening of arm, walking or running, etc.
3. The birds fly with the help of strong chest muscles and wings. Birds can
fly because of the following reasons:
(i) The forelimbs are modified into wings which help them fly.
Hindlimbs are used for walking and perching.
(ii) They have streamlined bodies that cut the air current while flying.

Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 41

 (iii) Their bones are hollow which makes their body light.
(iv) T hey have powerful chest muscles which help them in flapping
their wings during flight.
4. There are twelve pairs of
thin and curved bones called
the ribs. These bones form
a ribcage. All the 12 pairs
of the ribs are joined to the
backbone at the back and the
first ten pairs are joined with
the chest bone or breastbone
in the front. The last two pairs
of ribs are free at the front end
and are called floating ribs.
The ribcage protects the heart
and the lungs. Ribcage also takes part in our breathing movements.
E. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions.
1. A child has about 300 bones but an adult person has only 206 bones.
The reason is that as the child grows, some of the bones fuse together
and thus, the number of bones is reduced in adults.
2. If our vertebral column is with a long single bone or with fixed joints, we
will not be able to bend or twist our backbone in different directions.
Think And Answer
Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (b) 2. (c)

10. The Living Organisms and their Surroundings

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 125
1. (c) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (d) 5. (c)

SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions.
1. The place where living organisms (plants and animals) live is called
habitat.
2. Favourable features present in plants and animals that help them
survive in a particular type of habitat are known as adaptations.
3. Cactus survives in a desert due to its long roots, thick and fleshy stem
with waxy coating and leaves reduced to spines.
B. Science quiz.
1. dogs—lungs, birds—lungs, snakes—lungs, fish—gills

42 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

 2. Sunlight, air, water, soil/temperature/wind
3. Polar bear
WORKSHEET
A. Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (a)
B. Match the following.
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (e) 5. (d)
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. aquatic 2. abiotic
3. fish 4. gills
5. submerged
SECTION B
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Scientific/Practical skills.
1. (d) 2. (c)
B. Very Short Answer Questions.
1. Water hyacinth and lotus/water lily
2. Pine tree has leaves reduced to needle-like structures that help to
conserve water. The pine trees are normally cone-shaped and have
sloping branches. This helps the rainwater and the snow to slide off easily.
3. Plants and animals/human beings/microorganisms
4. Vulture, hyena
C. Short Answer Questions.
1. Adaptation refers to changes that take place in plants and animals that
help them to survive in a particular type of habitat over a long time
period. But acclimatisation refers to changes in the body of organisms
that take place over a short period of time to adjust in their surroundings.
2. Some animals protect themselves from their enemies by changing their
skin colour according to surroundings, therefore they get unnoticed by
their enemies. This is called camouflage. E.g., the stripes of a tiger help
it to hide in tall grasses.
3. Yaks are able to survive on mountains because they have thick fur to
protect them from cold. They also have a layer of fat under their skin
that keep them warm.
4. (a) Animals adapt themselves to their surroundings by developing
certain favourable features like modifications in their body shape,
body organs, colour, behaviour, location and eating habits.
(b) From the animals we learn to adapt, i.e., adjust in all types of
circumstances.
5. The thick fur of the animals like yak, bear and snow leopard protect
them from cold weather conditions of the mountains where they live.
Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 43
 6. The long roots of cactus plant go very deep into the soil to absorb
water. The leaves of cactus are reduced to spines because that helps in
reducing the loss of water through transpiration.
7. Some aquatic animals like fishes breathe through gills. The gills absorb
the dissolved oxygen of water. Some other aquatic animals like dolphins
and whales do not have gills. They breathe through lungs. They inhale
air through the nostrils that are located in the upper parts of their heads.
This allows them to breathe in the air when they swim near the surface
of water. Amphibians like frogs and toads breathe in water through their
moist skin and on land through their lungs.
D. Long Answer Questions.
1. Lions adapt themselves in the forest habitat in the following ways:
(i) Lions have eyes in front that help them to see from a greater
distance.
(ii) Lions have sharp teeth and long claws in their front legs to catch
and tear flesh of the prey.
(iii) Lion have light-brown coloured skin which helps them to hide in
dry grasslands.
(iv) Lions run very fast that allows them to catch their prey.
Deer adapt themselves in the forest habitat in the following ways:
(i) They have eyes on the sides of the head, which give them a wide
range of vision.
(ii) They have long ears to hear the movement of predators.
(iii) They can run very fast to save themselves from predators.
2. Desert plants and animals show various adaptations to survive in hot
climate.
Adaptations in plants
(i) The leaves in desert plants are either absent, very small or present
in the form of spines (thorns). This helps in reducing the loss of
water from the leaves.
(ii) The stems of desert plants are thick and fleshy due to storage of
water. The stems also have a thick waxy coating that prevents the
loss of water from it.
(iii) The roots of desert plants are long and go very deep into the soil to
absorb water.
Adaptations in animals
Desert animals like desert rats and desert snakes live in deep burrows
that have cool and moist environment during daytime when the desert
is hot and dry. At night, when the desert is cool, the animals come out of
their burrows and holes and become active. These desert animals pass
out very little amount of urine and hence, conserve water in their body.

44 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

 Camel, the main animal of desert, adapt in the hot dry climate in the
following ways—
(i) The camel has long legs that keep its body away from the hot sand.
(ii) A camel can drink a large amount of water and store it in the body.
(iii) A camel’s hump has fat stored in it. It acts as a food reserve.
(iv) A camel has large and flat feet that help it to walk easily on sand.
(v) Its long eyelashes protect the eyes from sand.
3. Frogs have the following adaptations to live both on land and in water.
(i) They have webbed feet that help them swim in water.
(ii) They have long and strong back legs that help them in hopping on
the land for catching their prey.
(iii) They breathe through lungs on land and through moist skin in
water.
4. Different plants adapt themselves to live in aquatic habitat in different
ways. The two common types of aquatic plants are–
(i)  Free-floating plants— These plants float freely on water. In these
plants, leaves are large and flat. The leaves are covered with waxy
coating which makes them waterproof and protects them from the
decaying effects of water. Stems have air spaces which enable the
plants to float. For example, lotus, water lily
(ii)  Submerged plants— These plants remain completely submerged
in water. In submerged plants, the leaves are thin and ribbon-like.
Such type of leaves allow water currents to pass through without
damaging the leaves. For example, Hydrilla, Vallisneria
E. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions.
1. A camel is the most common animal found in desert habitat. It is
used in deserts for various purposes like riding, transportation and
entertainment. It has some special features to adapt in the environment
of deserts like long eyelashes to protect eyes from sand, nostrils can be
closed to keep away sand, hump to store water and long and broad feet
to walk easily on sand. Due to all these features and utility of camels in
deserts, they are known as the ship of the desert.
2. Dolphins do not have gills. They breathe through lungs. They inhale
air through the nostrils that are located in the upper part of their
heads. This allows them to breathe in the air when they swim near the
surface of water. They can stay inside the water for a long time without
breathing. They come out to the surface from time to time to breathe in
air.
Think And Answer
Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (b) 2. (c)
Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 45
 11. Motion and Measurement of Distances
Think Page No. 136
The accurate measurement is necessary when we buy fruits, vegetables and
many grocery items. Exact measurement is also required when you give your
clothes to tailor. Accurate measurement is also important for the purchase of
expensive metals like gold, silver and diamonds.
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 136
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (b) 5. (c)
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 139
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (b)
Think Page No. 140
The examples of multiple motion are—
(i) The case of ball—When a ball is moving on the ground, it is rotating as well
as moving forward on the ground. So, a ball rolling on the ground has two
types of motion— rotatory motion as well as rectilinear motion.
(ii) In case of merry-go-round—If we consider merry-go-round as a whole, it
shows rotatory motion because it turns on an axle. But the outer part of
merry-go-round (on which children sit) shows circular motion.
SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions.
1. (a) Motorbike/Train/Bus/Bicycle/Car
(b) Boat, ship, yacht (c) Aeroplane, helicopter
2. It is necessary to have standard units of length for the sake of uniformity
and convenience in measurements.
3. Rotatory motion is the movement of an object about a fixed axis without
changing the position. Eg. A spinning top
B. Science quiz.
1. Kelvin (K)
2. Yes, mass is a physical quantity because it can be measured.
3. (i) Rectilinear motion (ii) Curvilinear motion
4. Circular motion
WORKSHEET
A. Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (a) 4. (b)
B. Circle the odd ones. Give reasons for your choice.
1. Metre → It is a standard unit of measurement,
whereas others were used for measurement
in older days.
46 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6
 2. Pace → It is not a standard unit of measurement,
whereas others are the standard units of time.
3. Falling stone → It is an object in motion, whereas others are
stationary objects.
4. Swinging pendulum → It shows periodic movement, whereas
others show rotatory motion.
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. metre 2. length 3. rest
4. circular 5. rectilinear
SECTION B
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Scientific/Practical skills.
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c)
B. Very Short Answer Questions.
1. (a) 3.54 km (b) 3,54,000 cm
2. Motor-ships, electric trains, aeroplanes, automobiles etc., have
developed with the invention of the steam engine.
3. (a) Metre (b) Seconds (c) Kilogram (d) Kelvin
C. Short Answer Questions.
1. When an object moves along a circular path, it is said to be in circular
motion. For example, the Earth moves around the Sun in a circular path,
minute hand of a watch.
An object is said to be in rotatory motion if it moves about a fixed axis
without changing its position. For example, the motion of the blades of
a fan, a giant wheel.
2. When an object moves along a straight line, its motion is called
rectilinear motion. Example, the movement of the drawer of a table, a
car moving in a straight line.
3. An object is said to be in motion if it changes its position with respect to
a stationary object in its surroundings. For example, when the position
of a car changes with time, we say that the car is moving or that the car
is in motion.
4. The total length of the paper clip is
4.3 cm —1.0 cm = 3.3 cm
5. The Earth rotates about its axis, it is rotatory motion. The Earth also
revolves around the Sun in circular path, it is an example of circular
motion.
6. (i) The scale should be placed with the pencil (an object) along its
length. If we place it at an angle, our reading will not be correct.
(ii) The correct position of the eye is also important for taking
measurement. Our eyes must be focussed exactly above the end
point on which we are taking measurement.

Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 47

 7. (a) Soldiers in a parade show rectilinear motion.
(b) We learn to be disciplined from the marching soldiers.
D. Long Answer Questions.
1. In our daily life, we use a variety of objects as units of measurement. For
example, we can measure the length of an object by using handspan,
cubit (forearm length) or foot step (pace). In this case, the length of
each one of these objects becomes a unit of measurement of length.
But handspan, cubit and pace cannot be used as standard units of
measurements because their length is not the same for all the persons.
The length of handspan, cubit and pace are different for different
persons as the length of the body parts varies from person to person.
A unit of measurement which has a fixed value and does not change
from person to person or place to place is called a standard unit of
measurement.
For example ’metre’ is a standard unit of measuring length. It represents
exactly the same length whether used by one person or another person
or used in one country or other country. Thus, a ’metre’ means the
same length to everyone. So, it is a standard unit of measuring length.
It is necessary to have standard units of measurements for the sake of
uniformity and convenience in measurement.
2. (a) Rotational motion is the movement of an object about a fixed axis
without changing its position.
(b) Motion of the wheel of a sewing machine, a spinning wheel, a
merry-go-round. Motion of blades of a fan and motion of a spinning
top are examples of rotational motion.
3. A motion that repeats itself after regular intervals of time is called
periodic motion. The swinging pendulum of a wall clock, heartbeat of
a normal person and the needle of a sewing machine are examples of
periodic motion.
E. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions.
1. (a) Rectilinear motion (b) Rectilinear motion
2. (a) The girth of ball is measured by measuring tape because the tape
is flexible.
(b) The length of pencil box is measured by metre rod because pencil
box has small length.
3. Scientists and researchers use SI units in their work because these units
are accepted by every person and every country.
F. Application Based Questions.
1. Motion of a bicycle is a combination of rotatory motion and translatory
motion. So, it is multiple motion. The motion of a ceiling fan is rotatory
as the blades of a fan move about a fixed axis without changing its
position.

48 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

 2. Elastic measuring tape can be stretched to any extent. Due to this
property of elasticity, we cannot get the accurate measurement of
distance with it.

12. Light, Shadows and Ref lections

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 147
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (a) 5. (a)
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 150
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (a)

SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions.
1. We need light to see things, thus we are unable to see anything in a dark
rook.
2. The non-luminous objects can be seen only when light coming from a
luminous object falls on them and is reflected to our eyes.
3. When we see our image in a plane mirror, our left side appears right
because of lateral inversion.
4. For the formation of a shadow, there must be
(i) a source of light,
(ii) an opaque object to obstruct the path of light and
(iii) an opaque screen behind the object.
B. Science quiz.
1. Luminous object
2. Translucent material
3. A pinhole camera makes images of different objects.
4. The colour of a shadow is always black.
WORKSHEET
A. Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (a) 5. (a)
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. natural
2. energy
3. transparent
4. outline
5. shadow
C. Match the following.
1. (d) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c)

Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 49

 SECTION B
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Scientific/Practical skills.
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b)
B. Very Short Answer Questions.
1. Sun, star and firefly/a burning candle/a lighted electric bulb
2. Metal, wood and brick/clay/wall
3. Black
C. Short Answer Questions.
1. The materials that allow only some of the light to pass through them are
called translucent materials. Grounded glass, butter paper and tissue
paper are examples of translucent materials.
2. The left-right reversal of an object and its mirror image is called lateral
inversion.
3. The size of a shadow depends on the distance between the source
of light and the opaque object and the distance between the opaque
object and the screen.
4. Moon is a non-luminous object but we get moonlight because the
moon reflects the sunlight that falls on it. This reflected light is called
moonlight.
5. (a) The size of a shadow on the screen decreases when the distance
between source of light and the object increases.
(b) The size of a shadow on the screen decreases when the distance
between the object and the screen decreases.
6. (a) We see through a glass because it is a transparent material.
(b) We should also be transparent in all our dealings and actions in our
daily life. We should never hide anything from the people around
us.
D. Long Answer Questions.
1. (a) When an object is placed in front of a source of light it stops the
light from passing through it and it produces a shade behind it. The
shade cast by an object is called its shadow. Shadows are formed
when light is blocked by an opaque object.
(b) The characteristics of a shadow are–
(i) A shadow is always dark regardless of the colour of the object
or the colour of the light used to make the shadow.
(ii) A shadow only shows the dark outline of an object and does
not provide the details of the object.
(iii) A shadow is formed in the direction opposite to the source of
light.

50 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

 (iv) T he size of a shadow varies depending on the distance
between the object and the screen and the distance between
the object and the source of light.
(v) The shape and size of the shadow also varies with the position
of the source of light. E.g., Shape and size of our shadow
changes with the change in the position of the Sun.

2. Parameter Image Shadow

Colour The image is of the same The shadow is always dark regardless
colour as the object. of the colour of the object.
Details The image gives all the The shadow shows no details of the
details of the object. object. It tells only the shape of the
object.
Lateral The image undergoes The shadow does not undergo
inversion lateral inversion. lateral inversion.
Formation The image is formed The shadow is formed when the
when light from the path of light is obstructed by an
object (after reflection) opaque object.
reaches our eyes.
Size Size of image is the The size of shadow depends on the
same as the object. distance between the object and
the source of light and distance
between the object and screen.

3. The process of sending back the light rays that fall on the surface of an
object is called reflection of light.
The reflection of light depends upon the nature of surface.
(a)  Reflection of light on a rough or irregular surface– A rough or
irregular surface reflects light in all the directions. This is called
irregular reflection (or diffuse reflection). For example, a piece
of white paper has a rough surface, so it reflects the light falling
on it in all directions. It is due to the irregular reflection of light
produced by the rough surface of a piece of white paper that we
cannot see the image of our face on looking into the piece of paper.
(b)  Reflection of light on a smooth and shiny surface– A mirror has
smooth and shiny surface. A mirror reflects all the light falling on
it in the same direction. In fact, a mirror reflects a ray of light at
the same angle at which it strikes the mirror. This is called regular
reflection. Regular reflection of light can form an image. In fact, all
the smooth and shiny surfaces reflect light in a regular way forming
images. Regular reflection occurs only at very smooth surfaces.
Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 51
E. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) question.
1. The door is made up of glass. Glass is a transparent material.
2. Yes, we can identify the objects from their shadows because the shadows
of objects are usually similar in outline to the objects. For example, the
shadow of a ceiling fan hung in the centre of a room will fall on the side
opposite to the lighted electric bulb. By seeing the shadow of ceiling
fan, we can recognise it. However, it is not necessary that we always
recognise the object with the shadow.
3. We can see our image in the water of swimming pool because the
smooth surface of still water of swimming pool causes regular reflection
of light that produces image. The smooth surface of still water in a
swimming pool or lake acts like a mirror.
4. The image of red rose looks red because the image of an object is always
of same colour as the object is. The shadow of red rose is black because
shadow is always black regardless of the colour of object or colour of
light.
5. Yes, the shadow of an astronaut can form on moon whenever an
astronaut gets infront of a source of light (Sun).
F. Application Based Question.
For the shadow show, she requires a source of light, an opaque screen and
an opaque object that can obstruct the path of light.

13. Electricity and Circuits

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 159
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (d)
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 162
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c) 4. (c) 5. (a)

SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions.
1. Microwave oven, refrigerator, television, washing machine, computer/
geysers/juicer/grinder/air conditioners/electric fans/bulbs
2. The materials that do not allow electric current to pass through them
are called insulators. Wood, glass, rubber and plastic are examples of
insulators.
3. If the filament is broken, the bulb is said to be fused and it no longer
glows as there is a break in the path of the electric current.
4. We should wear rubber-soled shoes or chappals while operating the
electrical appliances because rubber is a good insulator and protect us
from electric shocks.

52 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

B. Science quiz.
1. Electrical cells
2. An electric switch
3. Yes, the current flows, if the key is closed.
4. Graphite
WORKSHEET
A. Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (a) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (a)
B. State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. T 2. F 3. T
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. An electric cell  2. current  3. two  4. a fused  5. tungsten
SECTION B
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Scientific/Practical skills.
1. (c) 2. (b) 3. (b)
B. Very Short Answer Questions.
1. Watch and calculator/transistors/remotes/toys/clocks/cameras/video
games
2. The path along which an electric current can flow is called an electric
circuit.
3. Electric current flows from the positive terminal towards the negative
terminal of a cell.
C. Short Answer Questions.
1. We should not operate electrical switches with wet hands because
water is a good conductor of electricity. If a person operates an electric
switch with wet hands, he/she can get electric shock because water
present on the wet hand can conduct some electricity from the switch
into his/her body.
2. The circuit in which the path from one terminal of cell to another
terminal of cell is incomplete and electric current does not flow through
the circuit, as a result the bulb cannot glow, is called an incomplete or
open circuit.
3. The materials that do not allow electric current to pass through them are
called insulators. Eg. Rubber, plastic, wood and glass are the examples
of insulators.
4. (a) Monika stops Sahil because it is not safe to touch an electric switch
with wet hands, he may get an electric shock.
(b) From Monika we learn to care for others
5. (a) When the switch is in the ‘ON’ position, the circuit is complete or
closed and current will flow through it.

Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 53

 (b) W
 hen the switch is in ‘OFF’ position the circuit is incomplete or
open and current will not flow through it.
D. Long Answer Questions.
1. glass bulb
filament
thick wire
negative terminal
metal casing thick wire

positive terminal metal tip

(a) torch bulb (b) inside view
Electric bulb
An electric bulb has an outer case made of glass that is fixed on a
metallic base. A bulb consists of a tiny thin wire called a filament. The
filament is made up of tungsten and is fixed to two thick wires that
provide support to it. One of these thick wires is connected to the metal
case at the base of the bulb. The other thick wire is connected to the
metal tip at the centre of the base. The metal tip at the centre of the
base and the metal casing at its lower end acts as terminals of the bulb.
These two terminals of bulb are fixed in such a way that they do not
touch each other. When electric current is passed through the filament,
the bulb glows.
2. The materials that allow electric current to pass through them are called
conductors (of electricity). All the metals are good conductors of
electricity. The materials which do not allow electric current to pass
through them are called insulators. Insulators are usually the non-
conductors of electricity. Plastic, wood, glass and rubber are all
insulators.
3. An electric circuit is a path along which
electricity can flow. Electric current flows
when one or more electric cells are connected
to other components such as a bulb by electric
open key electric cell
wires in an unbroken (or complete) closed
loop. Such an unbroken loop is called electric
circuit. Thus, the electric circuit provides a An open circuit
complete path for electricity to pass between
the two terminals of an electric cell. In an electric circuit, the direction
of flow of electricity is taken to be from the positive terminal of the cell
to the negative terminal of the cell.
A simple device that is used to open or close an electric circuit is called an
electric switch. When the key is closed, the electric circuit is complete and
the current is allowed to flow through the circuit. The appliance (like a
bulb or a fan) which is the part of circuit, works. When the key is open, the
circuit is incomplete no current flows and the appliance does not work.

54 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

 4. (a) In the torch, two or three cells are placed in series (it means the
positive end of one cell touches the negative end of other cell).
These cells are the source of electric current.
(b)

Inside view of an electric torch

E. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions.
1. We can use generators or invertors at the time when there is a sudden
breakdown in electricity supply.
2. (a) Plastic covering on wires is used for insulation and it prevents us
from electric shocks. While checking the connections in electric
circuit, we remove the plastic coating because electric current
flows only in metallic wire, not in plastic coating.
(b) The plastic and rubber covers are good insulators and protect us
from electric shocks while working with electrical appliances.
3. Yes, electricity can flow in bulb and make the bulb glow.
4. If we touch a person who gets caught by the current we can also feel
the electric shock as our body is a good conductor of electricity. The
wooden stick is used because wood is an insulator and it prevents us
from electric shock.
5. All the electric wires are made up of copper because silver is a costly
metal and is used in making of jewellery.

14. Magnetism
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 169
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (d)
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 173
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (c)
SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions.
1. The substances having the property of attracting iron objects are known
as magnets. Magnetite is a natural magnet.

Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 55

 2. A freely suspended magnet align itself in north-south direction.
3. Travellers and navigators use the magnetic compass to know the
directions while travelling.
4. The quickest way of picking the iron pins that have been spilled on the
floor is by using magnets.
B. Science quiz.
1. The maximum iron filings get attracted to the poles of a magnet.
2. Magnetic keepers
WORKSHEET
A. Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c)
B. Circle the odd ones. Give reasons for your choice.
1. Plastic → It is a non-magnetic material, whereas others are
magnetic materials.
2. Iron → It is a magnetic material, whereas others are non-
magnetic materials.
3. Rubbing → It is a method to induce magnetism, whereas others
are methods of demagnetisation.
4. Television → It’s surface is not coated with magnetic material to
store data, whereas others have magnetic surface for
storage of data.
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. magnetic 2. magnetic
3. two 4. repel, attract
5. centre
D. Match the following.
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (c)

SECTION B
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Scientific/Practical skills.
1. (c) 2. (a) 3. (b)
B. Very Short Answer Questions.
1. (i) Magnets are used to separate iron and steel from junk materials.
(ii) Information is stored in magnetic strips of credit cards and ATM
cards.
(iii) Data, sound and images are stored on special surface coated with
magnetic material in CDs and floppies.
(iv) In scrapyards, magnets are used to separate iron and steel from
junk materials.

56 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

 2. Iron and steel/nickel/cobalt
3. Magnetite
4. On heating, the magnets lose their property of magnetism.
C. Short Answer Questions.
1. The substances that are attracted by the magnets are called magnetic
substances. Eg. – Iron, steel, nickel and cobalt are magnetic substances.
2. The substances that are not attracted by the magnets are called non-
magnetic substances. Wood, stone, leather, plastic, aluminium and
copper are non-magnetic substances.

3. S.No. Natural magnets Artificial magnets

(i) These are formed in nature. These are prepared by
humans.
(ii) They generally have low They generally have more
magnetic power. magnetic power than natural
magnets.
4. A freely suspended magnet always rests pointing in the north-south
direction. This property of a magnet is called directive property. The
end of a magnet that points towards north is called north pole of the
magnet, the other end that points towards the south is called the south
pole of the magnet.
5. We take a magnet and suspend it with the help of a thread. Now, bring
one end of a metallic bar near one pole of the suspended magnet at
a time. If one end of the metallic bar is attracted and the other end is
repelled, the metallic bar is a magnet. If both the ends of the metallic
bar are attracted, it is not a magnet.
6. (a) Attractive property of magnet helped Rashmi to find the needle.
(b) Rashmi is caring, helpful and obedient.
D. Long Answer Questions.
1. To make a magnetic compass
Things needed: A sewing needle, a bar magnet, a cork, a cup and a rubber
Method: We can magnetise a sewing needle using a bar magnet. Pass
the magnetised needle through a small piece of cork or rubber. Place
this cork containing the magnetised needle in a cup containing water.
Make sure that the needle does not touch water. When the needle
comes to rest, it points to the north-south direction. Rotate the cork
with the needle inserted in it in different directions.
Observation: You observe that the needle always points in the north-
south direction, when the cork stops rotating. The magnetic compass is
ready for use.
Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 57
 2. The ends of a magnet where the magnetic force is strongest are called
its poles. A magnet always has two poles. The two poles of a magnet are
near its free ends. The two poles of a magnet are always different. One
pole of a magnet is called north pole and the other pole of a magnet is
called south pole.
3. (a) It repels the freely-suspended magnet.
(b) It attracts the freely-suspended magnet.
E. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions.
1. (a) 10
(b) one
2. We can identify the poles of an odd-shaped magnet by using a bar
magnet. On placing the north pole of a bar magnet near one end of odd
shaped magnet, if it repels, it is north pole and if it attacts, it is south
pole. We can check another pole by the same process.
3. If the bar magnet with no marking to indicate poles, is suspended
freely, the end that points towards the geographic north is north pole
of magnet. Similarly, the end that points towards geographic south is
south pole of magnet.
F. Application Based Questions.
1. The blade used in the sharpener may be made of iron or steel that is
attracted by the poles of a magnet.
2. By using a magnet, he can easily get back the nails and screws from the
wood shavings.
G. Practical Skill Based Question.
Magnetic poles have the maximum magnetic power. This can be shown by
the following activity—
Things needed: A bar magnet, a white sheet of paper and iron filings
Method: Spread some iron filings over a white sheet of paper. Roll the
magnet on the iron filings so that all the parts of the magnet touch the iron
filings. Pick up the magnet and observe how the iron filings are distributed
all over the magnet.
Observation: Most of the iron filings cling to both the ends of the magnet
and a few at the middle of it.
Conclusion: This activity clearly shows that the strength of a magnet is
maximum near its ends. The ends of a magnet, where the magnetic force is
the strongest, are called its poles.

Lesson 15. Water

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 180
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (a)

58 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 182
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (d)

SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions.
1. Solid : Ice
Liquid : Water
Gas : Steam
2. After condensation, the water droplets floating in the air along with
dust particles form clouds.
3. A continuous movement of water from the Earth’s surface and water
bodies as water vapour to the atmosphere and from atmosphere back
to the Earth’s surface as rain is called water cycle.
B. Science quiz.
1. Evaporation and transpiration
2. Soluble salts or high salt content of water
3. Evaporation
4. Water in saucer evaporates first because in saucer the water gets large
surface area for evaporation.
5. Rooftop and roadside rainwater harvesting
WORKSHEET
A. Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (b) 4. (a)
B. Circle the odd ones. Give reasons for your choice.
1. Sea → It contains salty water, whereas others are sources of
fresh water.
2. Lightning → It does not affect evaporation, whereas others are
factors affecting evaporation.
3. Nitrogen → It is not a state of water, whereas others are states of
water.
4. Ice → It does not form on condensation of water vapour,
whereas others are formed on condensation of
water vapour.
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. solid
2. water
3. transpiration
4. drought
D. State whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. T 2. F 3. T

Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 59

 SECTION B
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Scientific/Practical skills.
1. (b) 2. (c) 3. (c)
B. Very Short Answer Questions.
1. (a) water (b) ice
(c) steam
2. Jaundice/dysentery/cholera/typhoid
3. Evaporation
4. Water acts as a medium for the transportation of minerals and other
nutrients from one part of plant to another.
C. Short Answer Questions.
1. The process of releasing of extra water by plants into the air in the form
of water vapour through stomata is called transpiration.
2. Absence of rain in a particular region for a long time leading to severe
shortage of water is called drought.
3. (a) The problem of water shortage is increasing day by day due to the
increasing population.
(b) Puja cares for her neighbourhood. She is helpful.
4. The reservoir of water collected over the hard, non-porous rocks below
the surface of the Earth is called groundwater or underground water.
D. Long Answer Questions.
1. Rain is useful to us because—
(i) It brings relief by cooling the environment especially after hot
summer days.
(ii) It is important for irrigating the crops in fields.
(iii) It maintains the supply of water on land by filling streams, lakes,
ponds and raising the water table.
2. The life of animals living in soil gets affected by heavy rains as the land
gets covered with water. The animals like (snake and earthworm) that
live in soil come out in search of air and food.
3. The main purpose of rainwater harvesting is not only to hold rainwater
on the surface of the Earth but also to make rainwater percolate under
the ground more efficiently so as to recharge groundwater. This ground
water can then be taken out through tube wells, hand-pumps, etc., as
and when required. The advantage of rainwater harvesting is that it
increases the availability of groundwater and helps in overcoming water
shortage.
The other advantages of rainwater harvesting are—
(i) Soil erosion can be checked by rainwater harvesting.
(ii) It helps to control floods.

60 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

 (iii) D
 uring dry months one can also avail water supply for irrigation
and other purposes.
(iv) It reduces the loss of rainwater.
4. (a) The trees absorb water from the soil through their roots.
They release excess water as water vapour by the process of
transpiration. This water vapour goes into the air and forms clouds.
The roots of trees also help in deep percolation of rainwater and
enriches the water table.
(b) The flood water submerges the standing crops, grasslands and
forests. Due to this, the plants do not get sufficient amount of air
and nutrients and they die.
(c) The problems faced by people after floods are–
(i) Flood in city areas leads to water-logged roads and streets.
This disrupts the traffic on road and causes inconvenience to
the people.
(ii) Floods cause extensive damage to crops. This may cause
acute food shortage and deaths due to hunger.
(iii) Floods cause serious injuries or death of domestic animals
by drowning.
(iv) When flood water recedes, it causes the spread of diseases
like malaria, dengue, cholera, dysentery and diarrhoea.
(v) Floods wash away the top layer of the soil, thus, reduces the
fertility of soil.
(vi) Floods also affect the animals living in the soil. Animals like
earthworms and snakes are exposed.
5. (a) With increasing population, the demand of water has also
increased. Apart from drinking and using water for different
household works water is also used in agriculture for producing
food and industries for manufacturing a large variety of products.
Since the freshwater is available in limited amount, thus we should
conserve water.
(b) The ways to conserve water are–
(i) Plant more and more trees.
(ii) Use a bucket and a mug instead of shower while taking bath.
(iii) Close the taps tightly after using them.
(iv) Avoid cleaning utensils under running water.
(v) Check overflowing of water tanks.
(vi) Recycle waste water.
(vii) Adopt rainwater harvesting to store the rainwater.
(viii) Repair leaking pipelines and water taps immediately.

Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 61

 (c) The two main types of rainwater harvesting are
(i) Rooftop rainwater harvesting
(ii) Roadside rainwater harvesting
E. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions.
1. Floods and drought damage the crops and create acute food shortage
leading to increased prices of food grains, fruits and vegetables.
2. (a) Fog in the cold winter morning reduces visibility due to which
several accidents take place.
(b) Presence of tiny drops of dew on grass, wets our feet on cold
winter mornings.
(c) Rain maintains the supply of water on land by filling lakes, ponds,
streams and raising the underground water table.
(d) Land gets submerged under water during floods which causes
extensive damage to human life and property.
CROSSWORD PUZZLE
Across (→): Down (↓):
1. Water 1. Water table
2. Steam 4. Ice
3. Cholera
16. Air Around Us
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 195
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (d)
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 197
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c)
SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions.
1. (i) Air occupies space. (ii) Air has no colour and smell.
(iii) Air is present all around us. (iv) We can feel air.
2. Nitrogen is needed by living organisms because it forms different body
components of living beings like proteins and nucleic acid.
3. (a) Respiration, burning
(b) Burning of fuels, respiration/air pollution/deforestation
B. Science quiz.
1. Oxygen 2. Nitrogen 3. Gills 4. Stratosphere 5. Rainy season
WORKSHEET
A. Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (b) 4. (d) 5. (d)

62 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

B. Circle the odd ones. Give reasons for your choice.
1. Reforestation → It is not a type of pollution, whereas others are the
types of pollution.
2. Dust particles → This is not a gas, these are impurities, whereas the
others are gases.
C. Fill in the blanks.
1. atmosphere 2. wind  3. mixture  4. oxygen 5. carbon dioxide
SECTION B
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Scientific/Practical skills.
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (b)
B. Very Short Answer Questions.
1. Oxygen 2. around 300 km
3. Oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, noble gases and water vapour
4. (i) Oxygen is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas.
(ii) Oxygen is soluble in water.
5. Oxygen
6. When we add water to the soil, the air bubbles come out. Bubbles
appear because water pushes the trapped air out of the spaces between
the particles of soil.
7. Oxygen
C. Short Answer Questions.
1. (a) More water vapour
(b) Increased level of dust, smoke and gases especially higher amount
of carbon dioxide and oxides of nitrogen and sulphur.
2. The blanket of air that surrounds the Earth is called atmosphere. The
major components of air are nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and a few
other gases, water vapour, smoke and dust particles.
3. (a) The doctor provides extra oxygen to Priyanka’s uncle by an oxygen
cylinder.
(b) Care for others and taking quick decisions in case of emergency or
critical situation.
4. Nitrogen is needed by living organisms as it forms various components
of the body of living organisms like proteins and nucleic acids.
5. Air contains oxygen. If there is no air in water then aquatic plants will die
due to the absence of oxygen.
6. Air helps in maintaining proper temperature on the Earth. During the
day, when the Sun rays fall on the Earth, some of them get absorbed
by the atmosphere and rest are reflected back. This trapped heat
prevents Earth’s atmosphere from too much cooling at night and helps
to maintain appropriate temperature.

Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 63

 7. The air around the glass with ice contains water vapour. The cold surface
of the glass containing ice cools the air around it and when the water
vapour of the air comes in contact with a cool surface it condenses on
the outer cool surface of the glass. This occurs due to condensation.
D. Long Answer Questions.
1. Animals inhale oxygen from air and exhale carbon dioxide which goes into
the air. Burning of fuels uses oxygen from the air and gives out carbon
dioxide. Green plants use carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis
during the daytime and give out oxygen. The process of respiration in
plants takes place during day as well as at night. The oxygen released
during photosynthesis is more than the oxygen used in respiration.
Therefore, there is a net release of oxygen in the atmosphere. In the
above mentioned ways, plants and animals maintain the balance of
oxygen and carbon dioxide in the air and remains unchanged.
2. To show that air is dissolved in water
Things needed: A beaker, tripod stand, a burner, some water
Method: Take some water in a beaker and keep it on a tripod stand.
Heat the water slowly by using a burner.
Observation: You observe that, much before the water begins to boil,
tiny bubbles appear on the inner side of the beaker. These bubbles
come from the air dissolved in water. Actually, when water is heated,
the solubility of air in water decreases. As a result, the air dissolved in
water comes out in the form of tiny bubbles.
When the dissolved gas is removed through heating and the same water
is heated again after a short interval of time, we do not observe bubbles.
Conclusion: Air is dissolved in water.
3. (a) No, all organisms do not breathe through lungs. Most of the
terrestrial organisms breathe through lungs.
(b) The aquatic organisms take the oxygen dissolved in water for
breathing.
4. The air is useful to us in many ways. The major uses are as follows–
(i) Oxygen is used by all living organisms for respiration.
(ii) Oxygen is necessary for burning of fuels.
(iii) Compressed air is used for inflating tyres of bicycles, scooters, cars
and buses. It is also used in balloons and footballs.
(iv) Moving air has force. This force helps yachts (sailing boats),
parachutes and gliders to move.
(v) Moving air (wind) is used to turn the blades of windmills.
(vi) Wind helps in the dispersal of seeds of plants. It also helps in
pollination.
64 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6
E. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) Question:
1. We should breathe only through the nose because the fine hair and
mucus present inside the nose prevents dust particles to enter our
lungs. If we breathe through mouth, harmful dust particles and germs
may enter our body and affect our health.
2. Some insects living in soil, come out of the soil only during heavy rain
because rainwater fills up all the spaces occupied by the air in the soil
and no air is left in the soil for the insects to breathe.
3. Coastal areas are surrounded by sea and evaporation of sea water
increases the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere (humidity)
and makes the weather more humid than the central region which is
away from the coast.
4. We can improve the air quality in our locality by the following methods:
(i) Planting more and more trees.
(ii) Using catalytic converters and cleaner fuels like CNG in vehicles,
instead of petrol and diesel.
(iii) Reducing the use of vehicles that run on petrol and diesel.
(iv) Using pollution-free sources of energy such as tidal energy and
solar energy.
(v) Walking and using rickshaw or bicycle, for shorter distances.
(vi) Building tall chimneys in factories.
5. During the daytime, the rate of photosynthesis in plants is much more
than the rate of respiration. During the daytime, the carbon dioxide
produced during respiration is used by the plants for photosynthesis.
Thus, carbon dioxide is not released in the environment. But at night,
there is no photosynthesis, only respiration takes place. At night carbon
dioxide is released by the plants. Thus, it is advised not to sleep under
the tree at night, because it can cause suffocation and breathlessness.

Lesson 17. Garbage In, Garbage Out

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 205
1. (a) 2. (d) 3. (c) 4. (b) 5. (b)
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs). Tick (3) the correct options. Page No. 207
1. (d) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (d) 5. (a)
SECTION A
CLASS RESPONSE
A. Oral questions.
1. Wastes that can be decomposed by the action of microorganisms
into simpler and harmless substances so that they cannot harm the
environment are called biodegradable wastes.
Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 65
 2. Disposal of non-biodegradable wastes is a big problem because this
type of waste does not rot or decay.
3. Composting is the best way to dispose of leftover food cooked at home.
4. Vermicomposting is better than composting because in vermicomposting,
the composting occurs very fast with the help of redworms.
B. Science quiz.
1. Vehicular exhaust, burning of coal/smoke from factories and industries
2. Biodegradable waste– peels and cuttings of fruit and vegetables, animal
dung/leaves/bones/leftover food/plant residues
Non-biodegradable waste– plastic objects, broken glass pieces/iron
nails/metallic utensils
3. Plastic objects and used paper/glass containers/metal objects
4. Compost
WORKSHEET
A. Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (d) 2. (d) 3. (b) 4. (b) 5. (d)
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. garbage 2. composting
3. non-biodegradable 4. non-biodegradable
5. Compost 6. waste

SECTION B
A. Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) Scientific/Practical skills.
1. (a) 2. (b) 3. (c)
B. Very Short Answer Questions.
1. Compost
2. (a) Fruit and vegetable peels
(b) Water containing detergent
(c) Smoke released by vehicles
3. (i) It reduces air, water and land pollution.
(ii) It provides healthy and clean environment.
(iii) It conserves the natural resources.
(iv) It saves money.
4. Redworms are used for vermicomposting.
5. The blue dustbin is used for collecting non-biodegradable wastes E.g.,
plastic or metal objects.
The green dustbin is used for collecting biodegradable wastes. E.g., fruit
and vegetable peels, leftover food

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C. Short Answer Questions.
1. Waste that can be decomposed by the action of microorganisms (like
bacteria and fungi) into simple and harmless substances so that they
cannot harm the environment are called biodegradable waste. Peels
and cuttings of fruits and vegetables, animal dung, agricultural wastes
are some examples of biodegradable waste.
Waste that cannot be decomposed by the action of microorganisms into
harmless substances are called non-biodegradable waste. The objects
made from plastic, glass and metals are non-biodegradable waste.
2. By recycling used paper, we can make new paper from old, used and
discarded paper and can save many trees.
3. Making useful things from waste materials is called recycling. Materials
like glass, metal, plastic and paper are recycled to make fresh glass,
metal, plastic and paper.
4. Composting is better than burning of leaves because composting results
in the production of natural fertiliser (compost) while burning of leaves
produces smoke and gases that are harmful for the human health and
environment.
5. (a) Rohan gave his bag to Radha as he has a new bag to use and does
not need his old bag. Radha needed that bag to carry her books to
school.
(b) Caring, sharing, kindness and being ecofriendly by the reuse of the
thing.
6. Segregation or separation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable
waste is necessary because biodegradable waste are decomposed
through composting and vermicomposting while non-biodegradable
waste are disposed by other methods like incineration.
D. Long Answer Questions.
1. The harmful effects of wastes are as follows—
(i) Wastes make the surroundings dirty and ugly.
(ii) Wastes give foul smell and the dumped garbage becomes breeding
ground for flies and mosquitoes which spread various diseases.
(iii) Drains get choked and overflowing of sewage may contaminate
drinking water.
(iv) Non-biodegradable wastes can cause various types of pollution.
(v) They can block the digestive canals of stray animals, if eaten by
them.
2. Plastic is a boon because plastics have made our life easy and
comfortable. Most of the things we use in our daily life are made up
of plastic. It will not be wrong to say that we live in plastic age. Plastics
are used in a wide range of products from paper clips to spaceships

Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6 67

 due to their lightweight, relatively low cost and resistance to water and
microorganisms. Plastics can be given any colour, shape and can be used
for making anything. Plastics are very durable. All this has made plastic
a boon for us.
3. The basic approaches towards the waste management involves
production of minimum wastes by practising three R’s (reduce, reuse
and recycle) and proper disposal of wastes.
Reduce–We can reduce the amount of waste by throwing less. For
example, carry your own cloth bag when you go for shopping to avoid
the use of polythene bags.
Reuse–Reuse is to use an item more than once. It is another method
of reducing waste production. For example, old furniture and clothes
should be donated to the poor so that they can be reused.
Recycle–Recycling is making of useful things from waste materials.
Materials like glass, plastic, metal and paper are recycled to make fresh
glass, metal, plastic and paper products.
4. The biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes need to be disposed
of properly. They should first be segregated and then disposed through
various methods.
The methods of garbage disposal are –
(i) Composting
(ii) Landfill
(iii) Incineration
Landfill– Landfill is a large, low lying, open area outside the city or a
town where the garbage collected from a city or town is dumped. The
garbage is spread out on the landfill and covered with soil. Garbage
buried in landfill stays in it for a long time as it decomposes very slowly.
When the landfill is completely filled, a park may be developed on it.
The Indraprastha park in Delhi is an example of a landfill park.
E. HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skills) Questions.
1. A junk dealer separates the items sent for recycling thus helps in waste
management.
2. Compost is better than chemical fertilisers because compost does not
cause any type of pollution while use of chemical fertilisers cause soil
pollution as well as water pollution.
3. This is great because these type of activities reduce the wastes and
make the environment clean.
F. Application Based Question.
We can contribute to reduce pollution by
(i) Minimising the use of plastic bags and other non-biodegradable objects.
(ii) Planting more and more tress.

68 Teacher’s Resource Pack SCIENCE-6

 (iii) Using public transport instead of our own vehicles.
(iv) Using ecofriendly, clean fuels like CNG in vehicles.
(v) Avoiding excess use of fertilisers and pesticides.
G. Practical Skill Based Questions.
No, we cannot add waste like metal cans and plastic toys in a compost pit to
make compost because metal cans and plastic toys are non-biodegradable
waste. They do not decompose easily. These waste can add various harmful
chemicals to a compost and if this compost is used as manure for plants, it
can harm the soil as well as the plants grown.
Think And Answer
Tick (3) the correct options.
1. (c) 2. (c) 3. (d)

Periodic Assessment-1
(Based on Chapters 1 to 4)
A. Tick (3) the correct answers.
1. (a) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b)
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. edible
2. D
C. Very short answer questions.
1. A food chain is a series of organisms linked together by the process of
eating and being eaten for food.
2. The diet that contains adequate amount of all the essential nutrients,
roughage and water for the proper growth and development of the
body is called a balanced diet.
D. Short answer questions.
1. The materials through which we can see the objects clearly are called
transparent materials. But, the materials through which we cannot see
the objects are called opaque materials.
2. Natural fibre Synthetic fibre
Wool Nylon
Cotton Polyester
Silk
Jute

Periodic Assessment-2
(Based on Chapters 10 to 13)
A. Tick (3) the correct answers.
1. (d) 2. (c) 3. (d) 4. (d)

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B. Fill in the blanks.
1. habitat 2. filament
C. Very short answer questions.
1. Favourable features present in plants and animals that help them
survive in a particular type of habitat are known as adaptations.
2. The path along which an electric current can flow is called an electric circuit.
D. Short answer questions.
1. Curvilinear motion Circular motion
When an object moves along When an object moves along a
a curved line, its motion is circular path, it is said to be in
called curvilinear motion. For circular motion. For example, the
example, a car moving along a earth moves around the Sun in a
curved path. circular path.
2. Differences between an image and a shadow are—
S.No. Parameters Image Shadow
(i) Colour The image is of The shadow is always dark
the same colour regardless of the colour of
as the object. the object.
(ii) Details The image gives The shadow shows no
all the details of details of the object. It tells
the object. only the shape of the object.

Half Yearly Examination

(Based on Chapters 1 to 9)
A. Very short answer questions.
1. Jackal and hyena
2. Kwashiorkor
3. Nylon and polyester
4. Gold and silver
5. We will separate two immiscible liquids by using a separating funnel.
6. Melting of ice is a physical change because it is a reversible change.
7. Respiration is the process of breakdown of food in the body of an
organism with the help of oxygen to release carbon dioxide, water and
energy.
8. The flowers which have both stamens and pistil are called bisexual
flowers. For example, mustard and China rose.
9. There are two types of girdles—
(i) a pair of shoulder girdles (ii) a pair of hip girdles
10. Ribcage protects the heart and lungs.

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 11. We cannot bend our elbows backwards because they contain hinge
joints which allow movement in one direction, i.e., up and down or back
and forth.
B. Short answer type-I questions.
1. Animals that live on or inside the body of other living animals or plants
(host) and obtain food from them are called parasites. Some parasites,
like roundworms, tapeworms, pinworms and hookworms, live inside
the bodies of animals.
2. The cotton fibres are separated from their seeds by the process called
ginning. It was traditionally done by hands using steel combs.
Spinning is the process of changing fibre into yarn. Spinning draws out
short fibres from the cotton wool and twists them together into a long,
continuous thread called yarn.
3. Homogeneous mixture Heterogeneous mixture
It is a mixture in which the It is a mixture in which the
constituents are uniformly constituents do not get mixed
distributed and each part of the uniformly and each part of the
mixture has the same properties. mixture has different properties.
For example, salt dissolves in water For example, sand and sawdust
to form a homogeneous mixture form a heterogeneous mixture
4. Viruses are called the connecting link between the living and the non-
living things because they have the characteristics of both living and
non-living things. They are just like any other non-living thing outside
the body of a living thing. They can grow and multiply only inside the
living things.
5. Changes caused by heating or cooling a substance are—
(i) Certain things become hot on heating and cool on cooling.
(ii) Certain things expand on heating and contract on cooling.
C. Short answer type-II questions.
1. Roughage helps us in the following ways :
(i) Roughage adds bulk to the food. This helps our body get rid of
undigested food and thereby prevents constipation.
(ii) Roughage can absorb a great amount of water and helps retain
water in the body.
2. (i) Cotton seeds are planted in the early spring in a well-prepared field.
(ii) Cotton seeds grow steadily. The fruits of the cotton plant are called
cotton bolls.
(iii) The cotton boll grows slowly and small seeds and cotton fibres
develop. A fully mature cotton boll is of the same size as that of
lemon. It is brown in colour.

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(iv) After maturation, the cotton bolls burst open and the seeds covered
with cotton fibres can be seen.
(v) The heat of the Sun dries these fibres, turning them fluffy and as
white as snow. During this time, the cotton field looks like a field
covered with snow.
(vi) Now, it is the time of harvesting. Cotton crop is mostly hand-picked.
In big fields, machines are also used for picking cotton.
3. We need to separate the components of a mixture to—
(i) remove harmful substances like small pieces of stones and insect
from wheat, rice and pulses before using them.
(ii) obtain useful components like butter and ghee from milk/curd.
(iii) remove undesirable substances like tea leaves from tea.
4. We can dissolve most of the substances in water. Thus, water is called
the universal solvent.
We can increase the solubility of a substance in water by heating the
solution.
5. The main functions of the roots are given below—
(i)  Fixation: Roots spread out into the soil and hold the plant firmly to
the ground.
(ii)  Conduction: Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil which
is used to manufacture food and carry out life processes.
(iii)  Preventing soil erosion: Roots help bind the soil particles together.
6. Reticulate venation Parallel venation
When the veins form a net-like When the veins run parallel to
pattern on the lamina of a leaf, the midrib or parallel to each
the venation is called reticulate other, the venation is called
venation. parallel venation.
veins veins

midrib midrib

(a) reticulate venation (b) parallel venation

7. Birds can fly because of the following features:
(i) The forelimbs are modified into wings which help them fly.
Hindlimbs are used for walking and perching.
(ii) They have streamlined bodies that cut the air current while flying.
(iii) Their bones are hollow, which makes their body light.

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 (iv) T hey have powerful chest muscles which help them in flapping
their wings during flight.
8. The place where two or more bones join is called a joint. There are four
types of movable joints found in the human body.
They are—
(i) Ball and socket joint: It is found in shoulders and hips.
(ii) Hinge joint: It is found in our elbows, fingers, knees and toes.
(iii) Pivot joint: It joins our neck and head.
(iv)  Gliding joint: It is found between the wrist and carpals and
between the ankle and the tarsals.
9. Reversible change: The change that can be reversed easily by reversing
the conditions to obtain a substance in its original form is called a
reversible change.
E.g.– stretching of a spring is a reversible change.
Irreversible change: The change that cannot be reversed even by
changing the conditions to obtain a substance back in its original form
is called an irreversible change.
E.g.– burning of paper and candle.
10. Advantages of natural fibres—
(i) They absorb more water and sweat.
(ii) They allow air to pass through them.
(iii) They are biodegradable and do not affect the environment.
D. Long answer questions.
1. Animals that eat only the flesh of other animals are called carnivores or
carnivorous animals. Lions, tigers, eagles and wolves are carnivores.
Special characteristics of carnivores are—
(i) Carnivores have sharp and pointed canines (tearing teeth) along
with sharp claws and powerful jaws which help them tear flesh.
(ii) Some carnivores, like chameleons and frogs, have a long and sticky
tongue which help them catch insects.
(iii) Eagles have a curved and pointed beak which helps them tear flesh
of their prey.
(iv) Sharks (carnivorous fish) have several small and sharp teeth that
help them bite off flesh.
Deficiency
S.No. Vitamins Source
2. disease
(i) Vitamin A Green leafy vegetables Night blindness
(ii) Vitamin B1 Whole grains, cereals Beri-beri

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 (iii) Vitamin C Amla, Citrus fruits (lemon, Scurvy
orange)
(iv) Vitamin D Exposure of body to sunlight Rickets
(v) Vitamin K Green leafy vegetables, soya Haemorrhage
bean oil
3. We will separate common salt dissolved in water by the following
activity—
To separate common salt dissolved in water
Things needed: Common salt, water, a china dish, a Bunsen burner, a
tripod stand and a wire gauze
Method: Dissolve a teaspoonful of salt in about 50 mL of water taken in
a china dish. Place the china dish on the tripod stand as shown in figure.
The solution of common salt and water taken in the china dish is heated
gently by using a Bunsen burner.
Observation:The water present in the salt solution evaporates to form
steam. When all the water present in the solution of common salt gets
evaporated, common salt is left behind in the china dish as a solid.
Conclusion: Soluble solid substances can be separated from water
through the process of evaporation.
4. S.No. Parameters Physical change Chemical change
(i) Formation No new substances New substances with
of a new are formed. different properties are
substance formed.
(ii) Chemical Chemical Chemical composition of
composition composition remains the substance changes.
of the the same before and So, new substances are
substance after the change. formed.
(iii) Nature of Most of the physical Most of the chemical
the change changes are changes are permanent
temporary and can and cannot be reversed
easily be reversed. easily.
(iv) Change in Only physical Both physical and
properties properties change. chemical properties
change.
Examples Melting of ice, Burning of paper,
tearing of a paper curdling of milk
5. The main parts of a flower are sepals, petals, stamens and pistil.
(i)  Sepals: The green, leaf-like parts in the outermost circle of a flower
are called sepals. They protect the flower during the bud stage.

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 Petals: These are usually bright-coloured. They attract insects
(ii) 
which help in pollination.
stamen
(male reproductive
petal part of flower)

pistil (female
reproductive part
of flower)
sepal
thalamus

pedicel

Parts of a flower
(iii)  Stamens: They are found just inside the petals of the flower. They
are usually 4-6 in number. The stamen is the male reproductive
part of a flower. Each stamen consists of a thin stalk called filament
and a two-lobed head called the anther. Each anther lobe has two
pollen-sacs that are filled with pollen grains. Pollen grains contain
the male sex cells of the flowering plant.
(iv)  Pistil: In the centre of a flower, there is a flask-shaped organ called
pistil. The pistil is the female reproductive part of a flower. Each
pistil consists of stigma, style and ovary.
E. Practical skill based questions.
1. We take a piece of raw potato and put a few drops of iodine solution on
its cut surface with the help of a dropper.
We observe blue-black colour when the iodine drops fall on the cut
surface of potato. This shows that the potato contains starch.
2. We can increase the rate of sedimentation in a suspension by the method
of loading. This is done by rotating a piece of alum in muddy water/
suspension.
Yearly Examination
(Based on Chapters 5, 10 to 17)
A. Very short answer questions.
1. The plants that have thick and fleshy stem to store water are called
succulent plants.
2. (i) Swinging pendulum of a wall clock
(ii) Heartbeat of a normal person
3. The property of light by which it travels in straight lines is called
rectilinear propagation of light.
4. An electric switch is a simple device that is used to open or close an
electric circuit.
5. Magnetic compass

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 6. A fused bulb does not glow because no current passes through its
filament due to the break in electric circuit.
7. Copper
8. The substances having the property of attracting iron objects are known
as magnets.
9. Magnetic keepers
10. Nitrogen and oxygen
11. The process of separating insoluble substances from a liquid, using a
filter, is called filtration.
B. Short answer type-I questions.
1. Rotatory motion Oscillatory motion
An object is said to be in rotatory When an object moves to and
motion if it moves about a fro about its mean position,
fixed axis without changing its its motion is called oscillatory
position. motion.
E.g.– a spinning top and a potter’s E.g.– motion of a swing and
wheel pendulum of a clock

2. Differences between the image and the shadow of an object

Parameter Image Shadow
Colour The image is of the The shadow is always dark
same colour as the regardless of the colour of the
object. object.
Lateral The image undergoes The shadow does not undergo
inversion lateral inversion. lateral inversion.
3. Uses of water are as follows:
(i) W  e need water for drinking, cooking food, washing clothes and
utensils, flushing toilets, watering plants and cleaning floors.
(ii) Water is used in industries for producing almost all the things we
use.
4. We use a separating funnel, to separate two immiscible liquids.
For example, to separate kerosene oil from water, separating funnel is
used.
5. Evaporation Condensation
The process of change of water The process of change of water
(liquid form) into water vapour vapour (gaseous form) into water
(gaseous form) on heating is (liquid form) on cooling is called
called evaporation. condensation.

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C. Short answer type-II questions.
1. Conditions necessary for the formation of a shadow—
(i) a source of light
(ii) an opaque object to obstruct the path of light
(iii) an opaque screen behind the object.
2. (i) Motors, generators and loudspeakers have powerful magnets.
(ii) In scrapyards, magnets are used to separate iron and steel from
junk materials.
(iii) Data, sound and images are stored on special surfaces coated with
magnetic material in computer hard disks, floppies, audio and
video tapes.
3. (i) The process of collecting rainwater from roofs and streets and
storing it for further use is called rainwater harvesting.
(ii) The advantage of rainwater harvesting is that it increases the
availability of groundwater. This helps us to overcome water
problem especially during dry seasons.
4. The blanket of air that surrounds the earth is called atmosphere. The
major components of air are nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). The
remaining 1% consists of carbon dioxide (0.03%), a few other gases,
water vapour and dust particles.
5. The total amount of water on the earth remains the same. But the
demand for water is increasing day by day due to the following reasons—
(i) The number of people using water is increasing due to rising
population.
(ii) More and more water is being used for producing food and goods
in industries.
Therefore, we need to conserve water.
6. The ends of a magnet, where the magnetic force is the strongest, are
called its poles. They are located just near the ends of a magnet. Usually,
the north and south poles are marked on the magnet as ‘N‘ and ‘S’
respectively.
7. Evaporation: The process of change of water (liquid form) into water
vapour (gaseous form) is called evaporation.
Precipitation: In water cycle, the coming down of water in the form of
rain, hail or snow is called precipitation.
8. Wastes are materials or substances that
(i) are no longer needed.
(ii) have become useless.
(iii) are meant to be thrown away.
All wastes can be classified into biodegradable and non-biodegradable
wastes.

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 Examples of biodegradable waste are animal dung and agricultural
wastes.
Examples of non-biodegradable waste are plastic and glass.
9. The materials that allow electric current to pass through them are called
conductors of electricity. Metals are good conductors of electricity.
The materials that do not allow electric current to pass through them
are called insulators.
10. We need to separate substances from a mixture due to following
reasons—
(i) To remove harmful substances like small pieces of stones and
insects from wheat, rice and pulses before using them.
(ii) To obtain useful components like butter and ghee from milk/curd.
(iii) To remove undesirable substances like tea leaves from tea.
D. Long answer questions.
1. A camel adapts itself to survive in a desert in following ways—
(i) It drinks a large quantity of water and can stay without water for a
long period of time.
(ii) It excretes a very little water in urine and its dung is dry.
(iii) It has long eyelashes to protect the eyes from sand.
(iv) It stores fat in its hump which acts as a food reserve.
(v) It has long legs that help in keeping its body away from the heat of
the sand.
(vi) It has broad feet that help to walk on sand.
2. The characteristics of a shadow are as follows :
(i) It is always dark, regardless of the colour of the object or the colour
of the light used to make the shadow.
(ii) It only shows the dark outline of an object and not the details of
the object.
(iii) It is formed in the direction opposite to the source of light.
(iv) The size of a shadow varies depending on the distance between
the object and the screen and the distance between the object and
the source of light.
(v) The shape and size of the shadow also varies with the position of
the source of light.
3. An electric torch has two or three cells placed in such a way that the
positive end of one touches the negative end of the other cell. The cells
are in series. These cells are the source of electric current. They are
connected through a switch to a small bulb. The negative terminal of
the cell presses against the spring at the base of the torch. The positive
terminal of the cell presses against the metal tip at the base of the bulb.

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 Inside view of an electric torch.
There are three metal strips–metal strip A, metal strip B and metal
strip C.
When the switch is pushed to the ‘On’ position, the metal strip A is
pushed forward so that it touches B and C and the circuit is completed
which causes the bulb to glow. When the switch is pushed to the ‘Off’
position, the contact between metal strip A and B is broken and the
circuit is incomplete. The current does not flow through the circuit and
the bulb does not glow.
4. (a) The balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is maintained in nature
by the following ways—
(i) Animals inhale oxygen from the air and exhale carbon dioxide,
which goes into the air. Plants also use oxygen for respiration.
(ii) Green plants use carbon dioxide from the air for making food
by the process of photosynthesis, during daytime. They give
out oxygen in return which goes into the air. The process of
respiration takes place during day as well as night. But the
oxygen released during photosynthesis is more than the oxygen
used in respiration. Therefore, there is a net release of oxygen
in the atmosphere.
(iii) The burning of fuels (such as petrol, wood and coal) uses
oxygen from the air and gives out carbon dioxide, which mixes
with the air.
(b) Two uses of air are as follows—
(i) Oxygen is used by all living organisms for respiration.
(ii) Moving air (wind) has force. This force helps yachts (sailing
boats), parachutes and gliders to move.
5. It is important to reduce the generation of waste. This can be achieved
by practising the three R’s– Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
(i)  Reduce: We can reduce the amount of waste by throwing less. For
example, We should not buy a new school bag, lunch box or pencil
box when we already have a perfectly usable one.
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 (ii)  Reuse: Reuse is to use an item more than once. Reusing of items
is another method of reducing waste. For example, plastic jars in
which we get food items like pickles and jams can be reused later
on for storing things like salt, spices, sugar and pulse
(iii)  Recycle: Making useful things from waste materials is called
recycling. Old newspapers are recycled to make tissue paper
and cardboard. Materials like glass, metal, plastics and paper are
collected, separated and sent to recycling industries, where they
are recycled to make fresh glass, metal, plastic and paper products.
E. Practical skill based questions.
1. Magnetic poles have the maximum magnetic power. This can be shown
by the following activity—
Things needed: A bar magnet, a white sheet of paper and iron filings
Method: Spread some iron filings over a white sheet of paper. Roll the
magnet on the iron filings so that all the parts of the magnet touch the
iron filings. Pick up the magnet and observe how the iron filings are
distributed all over the magnet.
Observation: Most of the iron filings cling to both the ends of the
magnet and a few at the middle of it.
Conclusion: This activity clearly shows that the strength of a magnet
is maximum near its ends. The ends of a magnet, where the magnetic
force is the strongest, are called its poles.
2. No, we cannot add wastes like metal cans and plastic toys in a compost
pit to make compost because metals cans and plastic toys are non-
biodegradable wastes. They do not decompose easily. These wastes can
add various harmful chemicals to compost and if this compost is used as
manure for plants it can harm the soil as well as the plants grown.

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