Farell / 2201733585 / LB43
Highway Engineering Assignment Week 5
Question
A new road section is opened for traffic in the beginning of 2020. This road is an arterial road
with 2 lanes and 2 ways. This road is designed to serve traffic for 15 years. The traffic survey
has been conducted in 2015 and the data is given as follows
Passenger Car (E = 0.0004) 1850 veh
Big Bus (E = 0.3006) 125 veh
Light Truck and Bus (E = 0.2174) 50 veh
Heavy Truck (E = 5.0264) 35 veh
3 Axle Heavy Truck (E = 2.7416) 15 veh
Total 2075 veh
The predicted traffic growth rates during construction are:
Light Vehicle (<5 ton) : 4%
Heavy Vehicle (>5 ton) : 5%
and during its lifetime are:
Light Vehicle (<5 ton) : 6%
Heavy Vehicle (>5 ton) : 7%
Calculate LER, LET and LEP
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Answer
1. Tabulating data obtained from the survey
Road classification = Arterial road, 2 lanes, 2 ways;
Construction Period (CP) = 5 years;
Service Life (SL) = 15 years.
Table 1 Vehicle Data
Growth rate
Growth rate after
Vehicle during Total Vehicle
construction (iac)
Classification construction (idc) (n) (unit)
(%)
(%)
Passenger Car 4 6 1850
Big Bus 5 7 125
Light Truck and Bus 5 7 50
Heavy Truck 5 7 35
3 Axle Heavy Truck 5 7 15
2. Calculating Annual Daily Traffic during contruction (ADTdc) & Annual Daily
Traffic after construction (ADTac)
The formula used to calculate ADTdc and ADTac are as follows:
ADTdc = n × (1 + idc)CP
ADTac = ADTdc × (1 + iac)SL
where:
n = Number of vehicles (unit);
idc = Growth rate during construction (%);
CP = Construction period (year);
idc = Growth rate after construction (%);
SL = Service life (year);
ADTdc = Average Daily Traffic during construction (unit);
ADTac = Average Daily Traffic after construction (unit);
ADTdc and ADTac are calculated with corresponding growth rate for each vehicle
type. By taking the passenger car as an example, the calculations are as follows:
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a. ADTdc = n ×(1+i)CP
= 1850 ×(1+ 0.04)5
= 2251 units;
b. ADTac = ADT dc ×(1+ i)SL
= 2251 ×(1+ 0.06)25
= 5295 units;
Calculations are then repeated for all the vehicle types recorded and the results are
shown in the following:
Table 2 ADTdc and ADTac Calculation
Vehicle Classification ADTDC (Unit) ADTAC (Unit)
Passenger Car 2251 5395
Big Bus 160 442
Light Truck and Bus 64 177
Heavy Truck 45 125
3 Axle Heavy Truck 20 56
3. Calculating ICE(LEP) and FCE(LEA)
Calculation of Initial Crossing Equivelant and Final Crossing Equivalent can be done
by using the following equation
n
ICE(LEP) = ∑ ( ADT dc × C j × Ej )
j=1
n
FCE(LEA) = ∑ ( ADT ac × Cj × Ej )
j=1
where:
ICE (LEP) = Initial Cross Equivalent (Lintas Ekivalen Permulaan) (unit);
FCE (LEA) = Final Cross Equivalent (Lintas Ekivalen Akhir) (unit);
Ej = Equivalent axle load.
Cj = Vehicle coefficient distribution;
Vehicle coefficient distributions are assigned to the vehicles in accordance to its
weight and number of lanes. Equivalent axle loads can be obtained by referring standards or
calculated manually. The tables in the following list the C j and Ej values for the different
vehicle types:
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Table 3 Vehicle Coefficient Distribution (Cj)
Light Vehicle (<5 Tons) Heavy Vehicle (>5 Tons)
Number of Lane
1 Way 2 Ways 1 Way 2 Ways
1 Lane 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
2 Lanes 0.60 0.50 0.70 0.50
3 Lanes 0.40 0.40 0.50 0.475
4 Lanes 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.45
5 Lanes - 0.25 - 0.425
6 Lanes - 0.20 - 0.40
(Source: Bina Marga 1983)
Figure 1 Axle Configuration and Equivalent Axle Load (E)
(Source: Bina Marga 1983)
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The calculations for ICE(LEP) and FCE(LEA) are as follows:
Table 4 ICE(LEP) and FCE(LEP) Calculation
Vehicle Equivalent
Cj ADTdc × Cj × Ej ADTac × Cj × Ej
Classification Axle Load (E)
Passenger Car 0.0004 0.5 0.4502 1.079
Big Bus 0.3006 0.5 24.048 66.4326
Light Truck and
0.2174 0.5 6.9568 19.2399
Bus
Heavy Truck 5.0264 0.5 113.094 314.15
3 Axle Heavy
2.7416 0.5 27.416 76.7648
Truck
ICE = 172 FCE = 478
4. Calculation of MCE and DCE
Calculation of MCE and DCE can be done by using the following formula
ICE + FCE
MCE (LET) =
2
DCE (LER) = MCE ×Adjustment Factor
where:
MCE (LET) = Middle Cross Equivalent (Lintas Ekivalen Tengah) (unit);
DCE (LER) = Design Cross Equivalent (Lintas Ekivalen Rencana) (unit);
Service Life
Adjustment Factor = .
10
The calculations for MCE and DCE are shown in the following:
ICE + FCE
MCE (LET) =
2
17 2 + 478
=
2
= 325 units;
Service Life
Adjustment Factor =
10
15
=
10
= 1.5 years;
DCE (LER) = MCE × Adjustment Factor
= 325 × 1.5
= 487.5 unit-years.
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