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Graphing Rational Functions

This document provides instructions for graphing rational functions by examining their end behavior, vertical asymptotes, horizontal asymptotes, and zeros. It describes how to determine each of these features based on whether the degree of the numerator polynomial is odd or even and whether it has a leading term with an odd or even exponent. Several examples of rational functions are then provided to sketch.

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77 views3 pages

Graphing Rational Functions

This document provides instructions for graphing rational functions by examining their end behavior, vertical asymptotes, horizontal asymptotes, and zeros. It describes how to determine each of these features based on whether the degree of the numerator polynomial is odd or even and whether it has a leading term with an odd or even exponent. Several examples of rational functions are then provided to sketch.

Uploaded by

Jesse G
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pre-Calculus

Notes 4.04 GRAPHING RATIONAL FUNCTIONS


𝑷𝟏 (𝒙)
𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
𝑷𝟐 (𝒙)

Find the End Behavior (EB) by…

𝒑𝟏(𝒙) 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒏 𝒑𝟏(𝒙) 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 𝒏 𝒑𝟏(𝒙) 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 − 𝒏 𝒑𝟏(𝒙) 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕 − 𝒏


= = = =
𝒑𝟐(𝒙) 𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 𝒙𝒐𝒅𝒅 𝒑𝟐(𝒙) 𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 𝒙𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒑𝟐(𝒙) 𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 𝒙𝒐𝒅𝒅 𝒑𝟐(𝒙) 𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎 𝒙𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏

Find the Vertical Asymptotes (VA) in the DENOMINATOR by…

p2 ( x ) = 0 p2 ( x ) = 0

If (𝑥 − 𝑎)#$$ , Solve for a. If(𝑥 − 𝑎)%&%' , Solve for a.


OPPOSITE of the vertical asymptote. ACROSS from the vertical asymptote.

Find the Horizontal Asymptotes (HA) by…

𝑝((*) -%.$/'0 1%23 𝑛 𝑝((*) -%.$/'0 1%23 𝑛 𝑝((*) -%.$/'0 1%23


= #$$ = %&%' = 𝑛
𝑝4(*) -%.$/'0 1%23 𝑥 𝑝4(*) -%.$/'0 1%23 𝑥 𝑝4(*) -%.$/'0 1%23

𝑦=0 𝑦=0 𝑦=𝑛

Find the Zeros (Z) in the NUMERATOR by…

p1 ( x ) = 0 p1 ( x ) = 0

If (𝑥 − 𝑎)#$$ , then the graph crosses the x- If (𝑥 − 𝑎)%&%' , then the graph touches the x-
axis axis
EXAMPLES: Sketch the graph of each function.
! !
1. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 2. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = −
"#$ ("&')!
End Behavior: ODD or EVEN End Behavior: ODD or EVEN
Zeros: ___________ Zeros: ___________

Vertical Asymptote(s): __________ Vertical Asymptote(s): __________

Horizontal Asymptote: __________ Horizontal Asymptote: __________

! "
3. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 4. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
("&!)("#))! ("#))!

End Behavior: ODD or EVEN End Behavior: ODD or EVEN

Zeros: ___________ Zeros: ___________

Vertical Asymptote(s): __________ Vertical Asymptote(s): __________

Horizontal Asymptote: __________ Horizontal Asymptote: __________


)"#! "
5. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 6. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
" ("&!)("#')
End Behavior: ODD or EVEN End Behavior: ODD or EVEN
Zeros: ___________ Zeros: ___________

Vertical Asymptote(s): __________ Vertical Asymptote(s): __________

Horizontal Asymptote: __________ Horizontal Asymptote: __________

"! ("#')! ("#!)


7. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = 8. 𝑓 (𝑥 ) =
("&!)("#') ("#$)" ("&!)!

End Behavior: ODD or EVEN End Behavior: ODD or EVEN


Zeros: ___________ Zeros: ___________

Vertical Asymptote(s): __________ Vertical Asymptote(s): __________

Horizontal Asymptote: __________ Horizontal Asymptote: __________

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