4. Without graphing, state the following for the graph of the exponential function of f(x)=(7) x a) y-intercepts: ( 0 , 1 ) b) Domain: x∈R (−∞, + ∞ ) c) Range: y≥0 d) Intervals of decrease: Nothing e) Intervals of increase: (−∞, + ∞) f) Equation of horizontal asymptote: y=axis
5. FUNCTION Does the function Initial value Growth or decay rate represent exponential growth or decay? Explain your thought process. 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) = 315(0.87) Exponential decay. Initial value = 315 Decay rate Because of the b=0.87, =( 1-b )100% which 0 < 0.87 < 1 =( 1-0.87 )100% =13% 3 𝑓(𝑥) = 17(3) Exponential growth. Initial value = 17 Growth rate Because of the b=3, =(b-1)100% which 3 > 1 =(3-1)100% =200% 6. Use transformations to sketch the graph of 5(2) -4(x-7)-8
Step 1, the parent function of f(x)=5(2)-4(x-7) , is f(x)=2x
Step 2, reflected f(x)=2x across the y-axis, get f(x)=2-x 1 Step 3, compressed f(x)=2-x horizontally by a factor of 4, get f(x)=2-4x
Step 4, horizontally translate f(x)=2-4x to right 7 units, get f(x)=2-4(x-7)
Step 5, stretched f(x)=2-4(x-7) vertically by a factor of 5, get f(x)=5(2)-4(x-7) Step 6, vertically translate f(x)=5(2)-4(x-7) down 8 unit, get f(x)=5(2)-4(x-7)-8
7. Peter invested $6500 at a rate of 2.5% per year, compounded annually. The graph below represents the growth of his investment. a) amount = 6500 ( 1+2.5% )6 = 6500 ( 1+0.025 )6 = 6500 ( 1.025 )6 = 7538.01 ∴ amount = 7538.01 ∴ Peter will have 7538.01$ after 6 years. The initial investing of peter is $6500, so the initial value is as same as initial investing, which is 6500. The rate per year in this question is 2.5%, it means that the growth rate in this question is 0.025. Because it is based on the initial value of 6400 every year, so we can get 1+0.025 which is 1.025. Because Peter invested 6 years, therefore, the exponential value is 6, so we can get the formula which is amount = 6500 ( 1+2.5% )6. b) We assume that Peter will take investment to grow to $10000 after x years. 10000=6500 ( 1+2.5% )x x=17.45 ∴ Peter take investing to grow to $10000 after 17.45 years. According to the question a and b, we can also use the formula in question a which is amount = 6500 ( 1+2.5% )6. But in this question, we got the amount already which is $10000, but we do not know how long does Peter use. We assume that he use x years so the exponential value is x, so we can get the new formula which is 10000=6500 ( 1+2.5% )x . According to this function, we can get the value of x which is 17.45. Therefore, we know that Peter use 17.45 years to take the investing grow to $10000.
8. The value of a laptop after it is purchased depreciates according to the formula: f(x)=1090 (0.35) x, where x is the time after purchase in years and f(x) is the value of the laptop. a) Purchase price is the first value, it represents the value of a, and a= 1090, so the purchase price of the laptop is 1090. b) Depreciation rate = ( 1-0.35 ) 100% = 65% According to the formula f(x) = 1090 ( 0.35 )x, b = 0.35 , and 0 < 0.35 < 1, so it is exponential decay. The decay rate here is (1-0.35) 100%, which is 65%. The depreciation rate is as same as the decay rate. So the depreciation rate in this question is 65%. c) Because of at the end of 2 years, therefore, the x=2 f(x) = 1090 ( 0.35 )x ∴ f(x) = 1090 ( 0.35 )2 f(x) = 133.525 The value of laptop at the end of 2 years is $133.53.
9. We assume that the final number of bacteria in the petri is y and the value of time is t. 𝑡 y = 200(2)20
Because of 2 hour, which is 120 minutes.
120 ∴ y = 200(2) 20 = 200(2)6
y = 12800 ∴ the final number of bacteria in the petri after 2 hours is 12800. Because the culture consisting of 200 bacteria originally, therefore, the initial value is 200. Because the bacteria double every 20 minutes, so the base in function is 2, and the denominator of exponential number in this formula is 20. In the question, we want to calculate the final number of bacteria after 2 hours, which equal to 120 minutes, so the value of t is 120. Therefore, we can get the formula which is 120 y = 200(2) 20 , then we can calculate and get the value of f(x) is 12800.
10. Assuming that the house increases in x value at a constant rate every year. ∴ 845000 = 467000(x)t Because of the original time is 12 years ago. ∴ 𝑡 = 12 ∴ we can get the function: 845000 = 467000(x) 12 X1=1.0506, x2=-1.0506 Because the constant rate must be positive number, so we get the x=1.0506 Because of 1.0506> 1, so it is exponential growth, and the growth rate. Is 1.0506-1=0.0506=5.06% The house appreciation rate is same to the growth rate and the house appreciation is 5%.
11. 1 a) f(g) = 2401(2401)x-1 and f(q)=2401 (2401) 𝑥+1
b) First one, f(g) = 2401(2401)x-1
Step 1, stretched y = 2401x vertically by a factor of 2401, get f(g) = 2401(2401)x Step 2, horizontal translate f(g) = 2401(2401)x to right 1 unit, get f(g) = 2401(2401) x-1 1 Second one, f(q)=2401 (2401) 𝑥+1
1 1 Step 1, compress y = 2401x vertically by a factor of , get f(q)= (2401) 𝑥 2401 2401
1 1 Step 2, horizontal translate f(q)= (2401) 𝑥 to left 1 unit, get f(q)= (2401) 𝑥+1 2401 2401
c) y = 2401x Domain: ( −∞, + ∞ ) Range: ( 0, +∞ ) Horizontal asymptote: y=0
12.Explain how you can tell is a function is linear, quadratic, or exponential given a table of values. Subtract the y which in previous column from the next y which in next column on the table of values. If every differences are same, the function is linear. If every differences are not same, then subtract the previous number from the next number in first difference to get the second difference. If the value at this time are same, the function is quadratic. It the difference are different but regular and have role, the function is exponential.
13. 1 According to 𝑓(𝑥) = −25 [9−3(𝑥+11) ] − 78 and the parent function of it, f(x) = 9x, we can find out
1 the value of a in the former is -25, the k is − 3, the d is -11 and the c is -78. According to above, we can list the transformation of function as following: 1 The parent function of 𝑓(𝑥) = −25 [9−3(𝑥+11) ] − 78 is f(x) = 9x
Step 1, reflected f(x) = 9x across x-axis, get f(x) = -9x
Step 2, stretched f(x) = -9x vertically by a factor of 25, get f(x) = -25(9)x Step 3, reflected f(x) = -25(9)x across y-axis, get f(x) = -25(9)-x 1 Step 4, stretched f(x) = -25(9)-x horizontally by a factor of 3, get 𝑓(𝑥) = −25(9)−3𝑥
1 1 Step 5, horizontally translate 𝑓(𝑥) = −25(9)−3𝑥 to left 11 units, get 𝑓(𝑥) = −25(9)−3(𝑥+11)
1 1 Step 6, vertically translate 𝑓(𝑥) = −25(9)−3(𝑥+11) down 78 units, get 𝑓(𝑥) = −25 [9−3(𝑥+11) ] − 78
