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Apmo 2009

The document outlines 5 problems for the XXI Asian Pacific Mathematics Olympiad, providing details of each multi-part math problem and constraints such as not allowing calculators and keeping the problems confidential until posted online; the problems involve topics like operations on numbers written on a blackboard, systems of equations, properties of circles in a plane, arithmetic sequences of rational numbers, and the movement of a car driven by robots turning at regular intervals.

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235 views1 page

Apmo 2009

The document outlines 5 problems for the XXI Asian Pacific Mathematics Olympiad, providing details of each multi-part math problem and constraints such as not allowing calculators and keeping the problems confidential until posted online; the problems involve topics like operations on numbers written on a blackboard, systems of equations, properties of circles in a plane, arithmetic sequences of rational numbers, and the movement of a car driven by robots turning at regular intervals.

Uploaded by

estadisticaecon1
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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XXI Asian Pacific Mathematics Olympiad

March, 2009
Time allowed : 4 hours Each problem is worth 7 points
∗ The contest problems are to be kept confidential until they are posted on the official APMO
website (http://www.kms.or.kr/Competitions/APMO). Please do not disclose nor discuss the
problems over the internet until that date. Calculators are not allowed to use.

Problem 1. Consider the following operation on positive real numbers written on a black-
board: Choose a number r written on the blackboard, erase that number, and then write a
pair of positive real numbers a and b satisfying the condition 2r2 = ab on the board.
Assume that you start out with just one positive real number r on the blackboard, and
apply this operation k 2 − 1 times to end up with k 2 positive real numbers, not necessarily
distinct. Show that there exists a number on the board which does not exceed kr.

Problem 2. Let a1 , a2 , a3 , a4 , a5 be real numbers satisfying the following equations:


a1 a2 a3 a4 a5 1
+ 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 for k = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.
k2 +1 k +2 k +3 k +4 k +5 k
a1 a2 a3 a4 a5
Find the value of + + + + . (Express the value in a single fraction.)
37 38 39 40 41
Problem 3. Let three circles Γ1 , Γ2 , Γ3 , which are non-overlapping and mutually external,
be given in the plane. For each point P in the plane, outside the three circles, construct
six points A1 , B1 , A2 , B2 , A3 , B3 as follows: For each i = 1, 2, 3, Ai , Bi are distinct points on
the circle Γi such that the lines P Ai and P Bi are both tangents to Γi . Call the point P
exceptional if, from the construction, three lines A1 B1 , A2 B2 , A3 B3 are concurrent. Show
that every exceptional point of the plane, if exists, lies on the same circle.

Problem 4. Prove that for any positive integer k, there exists an arithmetic sequence
a1 a2 ak
, , ... ,
b1 b2 bk
of rational numbers, where ai , bi are relatively prime positive integers for each i = 1, 2, . . . , k,
such that the positive integers a1 , b1 , a2 , b2 , . . . , ak , bk are all distinct.

Problem 5. Larry and Rob are two robots travelling in one car from Argovia to Zillis. Both
robots have control over the steering and steer according to the following algorithm: Larry
makes a 90◦ left turn after every ` kilometer driving from start; Rob makes a 90◦ right turn
after every r kilometer driving from start, where ` and r are relatively prime positive integers.
In the event of both turns occurring simultaneously, the car will keep going without changing
direction. Assume that the ground is flat and the car can move in any direction.
Let the car start from Argovia facing towards Zillis. For which choices of the pair (`, r) is
the car guaranteed to reach Zillis, regardless of how far it is from Argovia?

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