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Fundamental Period of Discrete Time Signals Example

The document discusses: 1) How to identify the fundamental period and frequency of continuous time signals by writing them in terms of sinusoidal or complex exponential forms. 2) The fundamental frequency is the greatest common divisor (GCD) of the frequency components, and the fundamental period is the least common multiple (LCM) of the individual periods. 3) An example is provided to demonstrate how to find the fundamental frequency and period of a continuous time signal composed of two terms with different frequencies.

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Mewada Hiren
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1K views4 pages

Fundamental Period of Discrete Time Signals Example

The document discusses: 1) How to identify the fundamental period and frequency of continuous time signals by writing them in terms of sinusoidal or complex exponential forms. 2) The fundamental frequency is the greatest common divisor (GCD) of the frequency components, and the fundamental period is the least common multiple (LCM) of the individual periods. 3) An example is provided to demonstrate how to find the fundamental frequency and period of a continuous time signal composed of two terms with different frequencies.

Uploaded by

Mewada Hiren
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Fundamental Period of Continuous Time Signals

1
To identify the period 𝑇, the frequency 𝑓 = or the angular frequency 𝑤 = 2𝜋𝑓 = 2𝜋/𝑇 of a given
𝑇
sinusoidal or complex exponential signal, it is always helpful to write it in any of the following
forms
sin(𝑤𝑡) = sin(2𝜋𝑓𝑡) = sin(2𝜋𝑡/𝑇)

The fundamental frequency of a signal is the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) of all the frequency
components contained in a signal and equivalently, the fundamental period is the Least Common
Multiple (LCM) of all individual periods of the components.
Example 1
Find the fundamental frequency of the following continuous signal
𝟏𝟎𝝅 𝟓𝝅
𝒙(𝒕) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( 𝒕) + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 ( 𝒕)
𝟑 𝟒
The frequencies and periods of the two terms are, respectively,
𝟏𝟎𝝅 𝟓 𝟑
𝒘𝟏 = , 𝒇𝟏 = , 𝑻𝟏 =
𝟑 𝟑 𝟓
𝟓𝝅 𝟓 𝟖
and 𝒘𝟐 = , 𝒇𝟐 = , 𝑻𝟐 =
𝟒 𝟖 𝟓
The fundamental frequency 𝒇𝟎 is the GCD of 𝒇𝟏 = 𝟓/𝟑 and 𝒇𝟐 = 𝟓/𝟖
𝟓 𝟓 𝟒𝟎 𝟏𝟓 𝟓
𝒇𝟎 = 𝑮𝑪𝑫 ( , ) = 𝑮𝑪𝑫 ( , ) =
𝟑 𝟖 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒 𝟐𝟒
𝟑 𝟖
Alternatively, the period of the fundamental 𝑻𝟎 is the LCM of 𝑻𝟏 = and 𝑻𝟏 =
𝟓 𝟓
𝟑 𝟖 𝟐𝟒
𝑻𝟎 = 𝑳𝑪𝑴 ( , ) =
𝟓 𝟓 𝟓
𝟐𝝅 𝟓𝝅
Now we get 𝒘𝟎 = 𝟐𝝅𝒇𝟎 = = and the signal can be written as
𝑻𝟎 𝟏𝟐

𝟓𝝅 𝟓𝝅
𝒙(𝒕) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝟖 𝒕) + 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝟑 𝒕) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟖𝒘𝟎 𝒕) + 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟑𝒘𝟎 𝒕)
𝟏𝟐 𝟏𝟐
i.e., the two terms are the 3rd and 8th harmonic of the fundamental frequency 𝒘𝟎 , respectively.
Fundamental Period of Discrete Time Signals
Example 1
Considering a discrete-time signal
𝜋 𝜋
𝑥[𝑛] = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑛) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑛) , 𝑛 ∈ Z,
2 4
2𝜋
The time period of the signal 𝑥 [𝑛] can be found empirically as (𝜋 ) = 8 since the smaller sub-
⁄4
period is 𝜋⁄4. However, since the mathematical method will always give us a more precise result, we
shall refer to the trigonometric identities.
From the identity
1
cos(𝑎) cos(𝑏) = [cos(𝑎 − 𝑏) + cos(𝑎 + 𝑏)]
1
Hence, the waveform adopts the period of the lowest frequency because
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋
𝑛− 𝑛= 𝑛 ⇒ 𝑛= 𝑛= 𝑛
2 4 4 4 8 𝑁
Hence the period is 𝑁 = 8.
Example 2
5𝜋 3𝜋
𝑥 [𝑛] = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑛) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑛)
6 4
The Least-Common-Multiplier of the denominator is 12. Therefore
10𝜋 9𝜋
𝑥[𝑛] = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 𝑛) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( 𝑛)
12 12
𝜋 2𝜋
Hence, the fundamental frequency is 𝑤0 = , the fundamental period is 𝑇 = = 24 and the two
12 𝑤0
terms are the 9th and 10th harmonic of the fundamental frequency 𝑤0 .

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