Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
[Link]
COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS
Lesson 8 -Sports in society: Issues and Controversies
Introduction
Learning objectives
Discussion
Sports Are Social Phenomena
Sports are related to the social and cultural contexts in which we
live
Sports provide stories & images used to explain & evaluate these
contexts
Sports provide a window into culture and society
SOCIOLOGY is a tool for studying sports in society
Sociology provides useful
Concepts
Theories
Research methods
These tools enable us to “see” behavior as it connected with
history, politics, economics, and social life
CULTURE
Consists of the “ways of life” people create in a group or society
These ways of life are created and changed as people interact with
each other, as they come to terms with, and even struggle over how
to
Do things and organize their lives
Relate to each other
Make sense out of their experiences
SOCIETY
1| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
[Link]
COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS
A collection of people
Living in a defined geographical territory
United through
a political system
A shared sense of self-identification that distinguishes them
from other people.
SOCIOLOGY Vs. PSYCHOLOGY
Psychologists study behavior in terms of attributes & processes that
exist inside individuals
Sociologists study behavior in terms of the social conditions and
cultural contexts in which people live their lives
SOCIOLOGY may lead to controversial recommendations
Sociological research may produce findings that suggest changes in
the organization of sports and the organization of social life
Those who benefit from the status quo may be threatened by these
research findings
Why study sports as social phenomena?
Sports activities and images are part of people’s lives
Sports are connected with ideologies in society
i.e., the “viewpoints” that underlie people’s feelings, thoughts,
and actions
Sports are connected with major spheres of social life such as:
family, economy, media, politics, education, & religion
The characteristics of Ideologies are:
2| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
[Link]
COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS
They are never established “once and for all time”
They emerge as people struggle over the meaning and organization
of social life
They are complex and sometimes inconsistent
They change as power relationships change in society
“Dominant Ideology”
Represents the perspectives and ideas favored by people who have
power and influence in society
Dominant ideologies serve the interests of people with power and
influence
Gender Ideology refers to
A set of interrelated ideas about masculinity, femininity, and
relationships between men and women
Dominant Gender ldeology consists of prevailing notions of
“common sense” about maleness and femaleness in a group or
society
Why study sports as social phenomena?
Sports are connected with major spheres of social life
Family
Economy
Media
Politics
Education
Religion
3| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
[Link]
COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS
Major Professional Organizations in the Sociology of Sport :
The International Sociology of Sport Association (ISSA)
The North American Society for the Sociology of Sport (NASSS)
Disagreements in the Sociology of Sport
Scholars in the field see themselves as
Sport sociologists concerned with sport science issues
Sociologists concerned with social and cultural issues
Scholars may see themselves as
professional experts (interested in consulting and the
application of knowledge to improve sports)
critical sociologists (interested in social & cultural
transformation), or
knowledge builders (interested in using research to
accumulate knowledge about social life)
SPORT Is Defined by Some Scholars As Activities That Are
Physical
Competitive
Institutionalized
Motivated by a combination of internal & external rewards
Institutionalization Occurs When
Rules become standardized
Official agencies enforce rules
Organizational & technical aspects of the activity become important
4| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
[Link]
COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS
Learning game skills becomes formalized
Play vs. Dramatic Spectacle
Play involves expressive activity done for its own sake; it is often
spontaneous and guided by informal, emergent norms
Dramatic Spectacle involves performances to entertain an audience
for the purpose of obtaining rewards
An Alternative Approach to Defining Sports:
Determine what activities are identified as sports in a society
Determine whose sports count the most when it comes to obtaining
support and resources
SPORTS are contested activities
This means that there are struggles over:
The meaning, purpose, & organization of sports
Who will participate and the conditions under which sport
participation occurs
How sports will be sponsored, and what the reasons for sponsorship
will be
Enrichment activities
Name:______________________________________________Date:______________
Year and section: _______________________________ Score: ______________
Enumeration/Identification: answer what is asked below.
1. __________ study behavior in terms of attributes & processes that
exist inside individuals
2. __________ study behavior in terms of the social conditions and
cultural contexts in which people live their lives
5| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
[Link]
COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS
These ways of life are created and changed as people interact with
each other, as they come to terms with, and even struggle over how
to
3. __________
4. __________
5. __________
The characteristics of Ideologies are:
1. __________
2. __________
3. __________
4. __________
Sports are connected with major spheres of social life
5. __________
6. __________
7. _________
8. _________
9. _________
10. _________
Major Professional Organizations in the Sociology of Sport :
11. __________
12. ___________
Self-Assessment Question
Essay: read the questions and put the answer in space provided.
6| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
[Link]
COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS
1. Identify & understand social problems and social issues associated
with sports
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2. Look beyond scores to see sports as social phenomena
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13. Make informed choices about sport participation and the place
of sports in our lives
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7| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
Republic of the Philippines
Cagayan State University
[Link]
COLLEGE of HUMAN KINETICS
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14. Transform sports in progressive ways
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Note: Enrichment activity and self assessment question, Follow this
outline write the questions and answer in a short bond paper write
eligibly deduction in score if not. Take a clear photo of it and submit it
to me!
References:
1. Coakley Jay, (2004). Sports in Society: Issues and Controversies
8th Edition, Pennsylvania State University, McGraw-Hill, 2004
8| P r e p a r e d b y : P r o f . J a y - R B . B a y a n i & P r o f . D a n i e l T .
Casauay
Fa c u l t y , College of Human Kinetics, CSU-Carig
Campus
