INTRODUCTION TO THE LESSON:

Lesson 1 : NOTES IN RIZAL LAW RA 1425

Author: Claro M. Recto Sponsored the Bill in the Senate: Jose P. Laurel Signed: June 12, 1956
Full name of the Law An act to include in the curricula of all public and private schools, colleges and
universities courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo, authorizing the printing and distribution thereof, and for other
purposes.
Mandates all educational institutions in the Philippines to offer courses about Jose Rizal
Important points from RA 1425: • Re-dedication of the ideals of freedom and nationalism •
Honouring the national hero and patriot, Jose Rizal-remember with special fondness and devotion the
lives and works that have shaped the national character
Important points from RA 1425: • Life, works and writings of Jose Rizal particularly his novels Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, should be a constant and inspiring source of patriotism
Important points from RA 1425: • Instill values of moral character, civic conscience, personal
discipline and duties of citizenship
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo - shall be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges
and universities - public or private
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo - In the collegiate courses, the original or unexpurgated
editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo shall be used as basic texts.
It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges and universities to keep in their libraries an adequate
number of copies of the original and expurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo
, Also Rizal’s other works and biography.
The said unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their translations in
English as well as other writings of Rizal shall be included in the list of approved books for required
reading in all public or private schools, colleges and universities.
All schools, colleges and universities are obligated to have adequate number of copies of Rizal’s two
novels and his other literacy pieces.
The National Board of Education is assigned to translate Rizal’s writings into English, Tagalog and
other principal Philippine dialects cause them to be printed in cheap, popular editions - cause them to
be distributed, free of charge, to persons desiring to read them, through the Purok organizations and
the Barrio Councils throughout the country.
Nothing in this Act shall be construed as amendment or repealing section nine hundred twenty-seven
of the Administrative Code prohibits the discussion of religious doctrines by public school teachers
and other person engaged in any public school
A fine of three hundred pesos is issued if the act was violated.
Significance • It arouse Filipino nationalism • Makes the Filipino people remember who they are and
that they have their own identity as a nation.
 
 
 
LESSON: 1A - what is the concept of a Hero
CONCEPT OF A HERO • The concepts of “hero” and “heroism” seem to have existed in all cultures
on earth, in many forms and varieties • The word itself has probably appeared first in ancient Greece,
where it was combined in the name of one of the greatest heroes of all times: Heracles.
CONCEPT of a HERO Ancient Greece • According to Robert Graves, - an authority on Greek
culture - the name Hero is derived from that of the great goddess Hera so Hero means “Hera’s Glory.”
• Heracles, then, lived, acted and died in the name and for the glory of that goddess.
CONCEPT OF A HERO Ancient Greece •  One of the most famous Greek heroes was the Athenian
Theseus, who sailed from his city to Crete to fight against the Minotaur and save his young
countrymen and women, who were supposed to be sacrificed to a monster.
CONCEPT OF a HERO Ancient Greece • in a book Graves describes important feature of life of a
hero - dies not just to glorify his Mother goddess but to save his people — the tribe of which he is
chief — from all their yearly sins and all possible punishments.
CONCEPT OF a HERO Japan • Japanese Yamato Take, who was the son of a king was accredited
with slaying a dangerous serpent of Omi.  - Similar deeds were performed by Heracles.
CONCEPT OF a HERO Christians • Jesus’ heroism was not apparent in his physical powers but in
doing miracles. His death in agony on the cross presents him as a classic hero. Jesus was a classic
victim - like Heracles, he went up after his death to heaven, to become a proper deity.
CONCEPT OF A HERO • The Hero then possessed the three main characteristics of heroism: 1. they
performed outstanding deeds 2. They risked their very being for the sake of others rather than for their
own glory 3. They were all victims
CONCEPT OF a HERO (Rizal as a hero) 1. Performed outstanding deeds - used the pen to fight
2. Risked his very being for the sake of his countrymen - he waged a non-violent crusade
against the oppressors of his countrymen 3. He is a victim - suffered political martyrdom
 
WAS RIZAL AN AMERICAN SPONSORED HERO? • The Spaniards, the Filipinos and the
Americans raised Rizal to the rank of supremacy among our heroes. - Thus Rizal’s life, works and
martyrdom raised him to the highest place in the pantheon of our revolutionary heroes
WAS RIZAL AN AMERICAN SPONSORED HERO? • His supremacy was acknowledge by his
contemporaries (Aguinaldo, Bonifacio, etc.) - Spanish writers acknowledge his fame - American
colonial legislators who came to admire our people through his history acknowledge him as well.
WAS RIZAL AN AMERICAN SPONSORED HERO? • It is simply not true that there was ever any
colonialists’ meeting or plot to impose Rizal as the National Hero of the Philippines. • The decision to
honor him in this way was made by the Filipinos, for the Filipinos.

LESSON: 2    Chapter 1

The National Hero
Overview
 
            According to Socrates, a Greek philosopher said, “know yourself, for an unexamined
life is not worth living” thus, one of the most important parts of the study of Rizal is about his
life. In this study there is a need to understand how his thoughts, ideas, ideals, and his
feelings as a child, as a student, as a man, and as a professional relate to his works and other
undertakings.
 
Jose P. Laurel is the father of Rizal law. The passage of Rizal bill (senate bill 448) was tough
with many attempts from members of Congress. Senator Jose P. Laurel filed a bill with the intention
of giving the Filipino people knowledge about the oppression suffered by their countrymen during the
Spanish era. He was of the conviction that by reading the two popular novels of Jose Rizal, the
Filipinos will be able to understand themselves and their country, and by this they will realize the
greatness of their national hero, Jose Rizal.
The senate bill 448 met with opposition from Senators Decoroso Rosales, Mariano Cuenco& Francisco
“soc” Rodrigo, for them requiring the teaching of Rizal in schools would be a violation of religious
freedom. The sponsors of the bill contended that the bill is within one’s constitutional rights. Thus,
despite its opposition and disagreement, the bill becomes a law.
Why Study Rizal?
It is of great importance that students understand the rationale behind having to take up Rizal course
in college. For high school students, the Noli Me Tangere and the El Filibusterismo are injected into
the Filipino subject as part of the overall curriculum. In tertiary education, however, Rizal is a subject
required of any course, in any college or university in the Philippines.
Usually, during the first day of the course, the professor asks the well-overused questions:
Why study Rizal?
 What is the importance of studying Rizal?
Why is Rizal one of the minor subjects taken up in college?
Why is Rizal included in the course outline?
What relevance does Rizal have in college education?
The answer to such questions can be summed up in two points:

1. First and foremost, because it is mandated by law.

2. Secondly, because of the lessons contained within the course itself.
 
 
Let us discuss those reasons one by one:
WHY STUDY RIZAL: BECAUSE IT IS MANDATED BY Law. The teaching of Jose Rizal’s life,
works, and writings is mandated by Republic Act 1425, otherwise known as Rizal Law. Senator Jose
P. Laurel, the person who sponsored the said law, said that since Rizal was the founder of Philippine
nationalism and has contributed much to the current standing of this nation, it is only right that the
youth as well as the people in the country known about and learn to imbibe the great ideals for which
he died. The Rizal Law, enacted in 1956, seeks to accomplish the following goals:

1. To rededicate the lives of youth to the ideals of freedom and nationalism, for which our heroes
lived and died.
2. To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and works in shaping the Filipino
character.
3. To gain an inspiring source of patriotism through the study of Rizal’s life, works, and writings.
WHY STUDY RIZAL: BECAUSE OF THE LESSONS CONTAINED WITHIN THE COURSE ITSELF
Aside from those mentioned above, there are other reasons for teaching the Rizal course in
Philippine schools:

1. To recognize the importance of Rizal’s ideals and teachings in relation to present conditions
and situations in the society.
2. To encourage the application of such ideals in current social and personal problems and
issues.
3. To develop an appreciation and deeper understanding of all that Rizal fought and died for.
4. To foster the development of the Filipino youth in all aspects of citizenship.
 
The Relevance of Rizal course?
Most often students feels that Rizal course is an additional burden to their studies because it is a
minor subject. The person had been studied was already dead. Students further said that what’s the
use of Rizal course is where in fact they could not use the name Rizal as one of their references
when they apply for a job nor Rizal could back up them if they need help…Well of course! A dead
person cannot do anything about the life of the living but the thoughts, ideals, dreams, principles or
convictions that he left might be very influential to people’s life as a basis of getting strength in their
day to day existence. And that’s where the relevance of Rizal subject came in. Indeed, Republic Act
1425 otherwise known as Rizal Law was approved in June of 1956 made it clear that Rizal subject is
a compulsory to all students who are enrolled in different colleges and universities. Obviously, a
student cannot graduate in his course without taking and passing Rizal subject. Therefore, Rizal
subject is equally important to all others subjects. Moreover, Rizal subject would have meaning if the
teacher who taught the subject would not just focus her/his discussion to life of Rizal per see but
rather made the life of Rizal as a springboard of discussing the culture of the Filipinos, its political,
economic and social affairs in the past and relate it at present situation of the people. In that way,
student critical thinking would be developed more. As a result students would take an active part not
only in the classroom setting but also in participating outside activities for the betterment of the
Philippines society in general. More importantly, the value of being a religious person, a loving and
obedient son to his parents/family, a responsible student, a strong willed individual who stands for his
convictions, the one who loves and serves the country are some virtues of Rizal that must and should
be emphasized in the whole duration of the coarse. And that’s where the relevance of Rizal subject
lies. 
 

LESSON 3

Jose Rizal: A Biographical Sketch

JOSE RIZAL, the national hero of the Philippines and pride of the Malayan race, was born on
June 19, 1861, in

the town of Calamba, Laguna. He was the seventh child in a family of 11 children (2 boys and 9
girls). Both his

parents were educated and belonged to distinguished families.

His father, Francisco Mercado Rizal, an industrious farmer whom Rizal called "a model of
fathers," came from

Biñan, Laguna; while his mother, Teodora Alonzo y Quintos, a highly cultured and
accomplished woman whom

Rizal called "loving and prudent mother," was born in, Sta. Cruz, Manila. At the age of 3, he
learned the alphabet

from his mother; at 5, while learning to read and write, he already showed inclinations to be an
artist. He

astounded his family and relatives by his pencil drawings and sketches and by his moldings
of clay. At the age 8,

he wrote a Tagalog poem, "Sa Aking Mga Kabata," the theme of which revolves on the love of
one’s language.

In 1877, at the age of 16, he obtained his Bachelor of Arts degree with an average of
"excellent" from the Ateneo

Municipal de Manila. In the same year, he enrolled in Philosophy and Letters at the University
of Santo
Tomas, while at the same time took courses leading to the degree ofsurveyor and expert
assessor at the Ateneo.

He finished the latter course on March 21, 1877 and passed the Surveyor’s examination on
May 21, 1878; but

because of his age, 17, he was not granted license to practice the profession until December
30, 1881. In 1878,

he enrolled in medicine at the University of Santo Tomas but had to stop in his studies when
he felt that the

Filipino students were being discriminated upon by their Dominican tutors. On May 3, 1882, he
sailed for Spain

where he continued his studies at the Universidad Central de Madrid. On June 21, 1884, at the
age of 23, he

was conferred the degree of Licentiate in Medicine and on June 19, 1885, at the age of 24, he
finished his course

in Philosophy and Letters with a grade of "excellent."

LESSON 3A

Having traveled extensively in Europe, America and Asia, he mastered 22 languages. These
include Arabic,

Catalan, Chinese, English, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Malayan,
Portuguese,

Russian, Sanskrit, Spanish, Tagalog, and other native dialects. A versatile genius, he was an
architect, artists,

businessman, cartoonist, educator, economist, ethnologist, scientific farmer, historian,

inventor, journalist,

linguist, musician, mythologist, nationalist, naturalist, novelist, ophthalmic surgeon, poet,

propagandist,

psychologist, scientist, sculptor, sociologist, and theologian.

He was an expert swordsman and a good shot. In the hope of securing political and social
reforms for his

country and at the same time educate his countrymen, Rizal, the greatest apostle of Filipino
nationalism,
published, while in Europe, several works with highly nationalistic and revolutionary
tendencies. In March 1887,

his daring book, NOLI ME TANGERE, a satirical novel exposing the arrogance and despotism
of the Spanish

clergy, was published in Berlin; in 1890 he reprinted in Paris, Morga’s SUCCESSOS DE LAS
ISLAS FILIPINAS with

his annotations to prove that the Filipinos had a civilization worthy to be proud of even long
before the Spaniards

set foot on Philippine soil; on September 18, 1891, EL FILIBUSTERISMO, his second novel and
a sequel to the

NOLI and more revolutionary and tragic than the latter, was printed in Ghent. Because of his
fearless exposures

of the injustices committed by the civil and clerical officials, Rizal provoked the animosity of
those in power. This

led himself, his relatives and countrymen into trouble with the Spanish officials of the country.
As a

consequence, he and those who had contacts with him, were shadowed; the authorities were
not only finding

faults but even fabricating charges to pin him down. Thus, he was imprisoned in Fort Santiago
from July 6, 1892

to July 15, 1892 on a charge that anti-friar pamphlets were found in the luggage of his sister
Lucia who arrive

with him from Hong Kong. While a political exile in Dapitan, he engaged in agriculture, fishing
and business; he

maintained and operated a hospital; he conducted classes- taught his pupils the English and
Spanish languages,

the arts.

The sciences, vocational courses including agriculture, surveying, sculpturing, and painting,
as well as the art of

self-defense; he did some researches and collected specimens; he entered into

correspondence with renowned

men of letters and sciences abroad; and with the help of his pupils, he constructed water dam
and a relief map
of Mindanao - both considered remarkable engineering feats. His sincerity and friendliness
won for him the trust

and confidence of even those assigned to guard him; his good manners and warm personality
were found

irresistible by women of all races with whom he had personal contacts; his intelligence and
humility gained for

him the respect and admiration of prominent men of other nations; while his undaunted
courage and

determination to uplift the welfare of his people were feared by his enemies.

LESSON 4

When the Philippine Revolution started on August 26, 1896, his enemies lost no time in
pressing him down.

They were able to enlist witnesses that linked him with the revolt and these were never
allowed to be

confronted by him. Thus, from November 3, 1986, to the date of his execution, he was again
committed to Fort

Santiago. In his prison cell, he wrote an untitled poem, now known as "Ultimo Adios" which is
considered a

masterpiece and a living document expressing not only the hero’s great love of country but
also that of all

Filipinos. After a mock trial, he was convicted of rebellion, sedition and of forming illegal
association. In the

cold morning of December 30, 1896, Rizal, a man whose 35 years of life had been packed with
varied activities

which proved that the Filipino has capacity to equal if not excel even those who treat him as a
slave, was shot

at Bagumbayan Field.

LESSON 4

The Choice of Philippine National Hero. Jose Rizal life and works are filled with paradoxes &
controversies in
fact, more than a hundred years have passed since Jose Rizal execution at Luneta, yet Rizal’s
life & works are

still hounded by controversies.

American’s Choice. Jose Rizal is the Philippine national hero purportedly believed to be an
American sponsored

hero who was chosen by the Americans because of his non-revolutionary ideology.

Katipunero’s Choice. While the Americans found him non-revolutionary, Jose Rizal was
associated with the

katipunan. Long before the coming of the Americans, Jose Rizal was already the choice of his
compatriots as

their leader that even without his knowledge and consent, he had been chosen by the
katipunan.

The Noli Me Tangere has served as the Filipino people’s mirror, for them to see who they are,
what they are,

and what they can be.

The El filibusterismo has emphasized the necessity and the inevitability of the revolution.
Jose Rizal ideas and

ideals served as the seeds of revolution.

Jose Rizal monument at Luneta. The monument of Rizal was created in a foreign land. Rizal
monument at luneta

was designed and sculptured in a foreign land, it was created by a Swiss national, Henry
Kissling, a runner up in

an international competition for designing Rizal’s monument sponsored by the nationalist in

1912.

My last farewell (mi ultimo adios). This was inscribed on a marble stone below the monument
of Jose Rizal in

Luneta. The poem evokes sadness & admiration from Spanish speaking foreigners, it has no
meaning at all for

many Filipinos, the Filipinos are required to memorize and recite this poem without
understanding &

internalization of this literary piece.

LESSON 5

LESSON 5 Chapter 3

The Mercado - Rizal Family

The Rizal’s is considered one of the biggest families during their time. Domingo Lam-co, the
family's paternal

ascendant was a full-blooded Chinese who came to the Philippines from Amoy, China in the
closing years of

the 17th century and married a Chinese half-breed by the name of Ines de la Rosa.

Researchers revealed that the Mercado-Rizal family had also traces of Japanese, Spanish,
Malay and Even

Negrito blood aside from Chinese.

Jose Rizal came from a 13-member family consisting of his parents, Francisco Mercado II and
Teodora Alonso

Realonda, and nine sisters and one brother.

FRANCISCO MERCADO

Father of Jose Rizal who was the youngest of 13 offspring’s of Juan and Cirila Mercado. Born
in Biñan, Laguna

on April 18, 1818; studied in San Jose College, Manila; and died in Manila.

TEODORA ALONSO

Mother of Jose Rizal who was the second child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida de Quintos. She
studied at the

Colegio de Santa Rosa. She was a business-minded woman, courteous, religious, hard-
working and well-read.

She was born in Santa Cruz, Manila on November 14, 1827 and died in 1913 in Manila.

SATURNINA RIZAL

Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonzo marriage. Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo of Tanauan,
Batangas.

PACIANO RIZAL
Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child. Studied at San Jose College in Manila;
became a farmer and

later a general of the Philippine Revolution.

NARCISA RIZAL

The third child. Married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a teacher and musician.

OLYMPIA RIZAL

The fourth child. Married Silvestre Ubaldo; died in 1887 from childbirth.

LUCIA RIZAL

The fifth child. Married Matriano Herbosa.

MARIA RIZAL

The sixth child. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan, Laguna.

JOSE RIZAL

The second son and the seventh child. He was executed by the Spaniards on December 30,
1896.

CONCEPCION RIZAL

The eight child. Died at the age of three.

JOSEFA RIZAL

The ninth child. An epileptic, died a spinster.

TRINIDAD RIZAL

The tenth child. Died a spinster and the last of the family to die.

SOLEDAD RIZAL

The youngest child married Pantaleon Quintero.

LESSON 6 & 7

LESSON 6

JOSE RIZAL in Calamba, Laguna (June 19, 1861)

JOSE RIZAL, the seventh child of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso y Quintos,
was born in Calamba,

Laguna.

He was baptized JOSE RIZAL MERCADO at the Catholic of Calamba by the parish priest Rev.
Rufino Collantes

with Rev. Pedro Casañas as the sponsor. (22 June 1861)

The parochial church of Calamba and the canonical books, including the book in which Rizal’s
baptismal

records were entered, were burned. Barely three years old, Jose Rizal learned the alphabet
from his mother?

When he was four years old, his sister Conception, the eight child in the Rizal family, died at
the age of three.

It was on this occasion that Rizal remembered having shed real tears for the first time.

During this time his mother taught him how to read and write. His father hired a classmate by
the name

of Leon Monroy who, for five months until his (Monroy) death, taught Rizal the rudiments of
Latin.

At about this time two of his mother’s cousin frequented Calamba. Uncle Manuel Alberto,
seeing Rizal frail in

body, concerned himself with the physical development of his young nephew and taught the
latter love for

the open air and developed in him a great admiration for the beauty of nature, while Uncle
Gregorio, a

scholar, instilled into the mind of the boy love for education. He advised Rizal: "Work hard and
perform every

task very carefully; learn to be swift as well as thorough; be independent in thinking and make
visual pictures

of everything."With his father, Rizal made a pilgrimage to Antipolo to fulfill the vow made by
his mother to

take the child to the Shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo should she and her child survive the
ordeal of delivery
which nearly caused his mother’s life. From there they proceeded to Manila and visited his
sister

Saturnina who was at the time studying in the La Concordia College in Sta. Ana.

At the age of eight, Rizal wrote his first poem entitled "Sa Aking Mga Kabata." The poem was
written in

Tagalog and had for its theme "Love of One’s Language."

Jose Rizal in Biñan, Laguna

His brother Paciano brought Rizal to Biñan, Laguna. He was placed under the tutelage of
Justiniano Aquino

Cruz, studying Latin and Spanish. In this town he also learned the art of painting under the
tutorship of an old

painter by the name of Juancho Carrera.

Having finished his studies in Biñan, Rizal returned to Calamba on board the motorboat. His
parents planned

to transfer him to Manila where he could continue his studies.

Back in Calamba

His mother was imprisoned in Sta. Cruz, Laguna for allegedly poisoning the wife of her cousin
Jose Alberto, a

rich property owner of Biñan and brother of Manuel and Gregorio.

For the first time, Rizal heard of the word filibustero which his father forbid the members of
his family to utter,

including such names as Zamora and Burgos. (It must be remembered that because of the
Cavite Mutiny on

January 20, 1872, Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora were garroted at
Bagumbayan

Field on February 17, 1872.)

LESSON 7 Chapter 4

Jose Rizal Early education

Overview

When we study the life of Jose Rizal, as a human person, we ask how he was molded
holistically, we trace

his educational path, his early education from his parents especially the mother, his private
tutor his primary

and secondary schooling until he reaches college and universities in the country and abroad.

Early Education in Calamba and Biñan

Rizal had his early education in Calamba and Biñan. It was a typical schooling that a son of an
ilustrado family

received during his time, characterized by the four R’s- reading, writing, arithmetic, and
religion. Instruction

was rigid and strict. Knowledge was forced into the minds of the pupils by means of the
tedious memory

method aided by the teacher’s whip. Despite the defects of the Spanish system of elementary
education, Rizal

was able to acquire the necessary instruction preparatory for college work in Manila. It may be
said that Rizal,

who was born a physical weakling, rose to become an intellectual giant not because of, but
rather in spite of,

the outmoded and backward system of instruction obtaining in the Philippines during the last
decades of

Spanish regime.

The Hero’s First Teacher

The first teacher of Rizal was his mother, who was a remarkable woman of good character and
fine culture. On
her lap, he learned at the age of three the alphabet and the prayers. "My mother," wrote Rizal
in his student

memoirs, "taught me how to read and to say haltingly the humble prayers which I raised
fervently to God."

As tutor, Doña Teodora was patient, conscientious, and understanding. It was she who first
discovered that

her son had a talent for poetry. Accordingly, she encouraged him to write poems. To lighten
the monotony of

memorizing the ABC’s and to stimulate her son’s imagination, she related many stories.

As Jose grew older, his parents employed private tutors to give him lessons at home. The first
was Maestro

Celestino and the second, Maestro Lucas Padua. Later, an old man named Leon Monroy, a
former classmate

of Rizal’s father, became the boy’s tutor. This old teacher lived at the Rizal home and
instructed Jose in

Spanish and Latin. Unfortunately, he did not lived long. He died five months later. After a
Monroy’s death, the

hero’s parents decided to send their gifted son to a private school in Biñan.

Jose Rizal Goes to Biñan

One Sunday afternoon in June, 1869, Jose, after kissing the hands of his parents and a tearful
parting from his

sister, left Calamba for Biñan. He was accompanied by Paciano, who acted as his second
father. The two

brothers rode in a carromata, reaching their destination after one and one-half hours’ drive.
They proceeded

to their aunt’s house, where Jose was to lodge. It was almost night when they arrived, and the
moon was

about to rise.

That same night, Jose, with his cousin named Leandro, went sightseeing in the town. Instead
of enjoying the

sights, Jose became depressed because of homesickness. "In the moonlight," he recounted,
"I remembered
my home town, my idolized mother, and my solicitous sisters. Ah, how sweet to me was
Calamba, my own

town, in spite of the fact that was not as wealthy as Biñan."

First Day in Biñan School

The next morning (Monday) Paciano brought his younger brother to the school of Maestro
Justiniano Aquino

Cruz.

The school was in the house of the teacher, which was a small nipa hut about 30 meters from

the home of Jose’s aunt.

Paciano knew the teacher quite well because he had been a pupil under him before. He
introduced Jose to the

teacher, after which he departed to return to Calamba.

Immediately, Jose was assigned his seat in the class. The teacher asked him:

"Do you know Spanish?" "A little, sir," replied the Calamba lad. "Do you know Latin?" "A little,
sir."

The boys in the class, especially Pedro, the teacher’s son laughed at Jose’s answers.

The teacher sharply stopped all noises and begun the lessons of the day.

Jose described his teacher in Biñan as follows: "He was tall, thin, and long-necked, with sharp
nose and a body

slightly bent forward, and he used to wear a sinamay shirt, woven by the skilled hands of the
women of

Batangas. He knew by the heart the grammars by Nebrija and Gainza. Add to this severity that
in my judgment

was exaggerated and you have a picture, perhaps vague, that I have made of him, but I
remember only this."

First School Brawl, in the afternoon of his first day in school, when the teacher was having his
siesta, Jose met

the bully, Pedro. He was angry at this bully for making fun of him during his conversation with
the teacher in
the morning.

Jose challenged Pedro to a fight. The latter readily accepted, thinking that he could easily beat
the Calamba

boy who was smaller and younger.

The two boys wrestled furiously in the classroom, much to the glee of their classmates. Jose,
having learned

the art of wrestling from his athletic Tio Manuel, defeated the bigger boy. For

this feat, he became popular among his classmates.

After the class in the afternoon, a classmate named Andres Salandanan challenged him to an
arm-wrestling

match. They went to a sidewalk of a house and wrestled with their arms. Jose, having the
weaker arm, lost

and nearly cracked his head on the sidewalk.

In succeeding days he had other fights with the boys of Biñan. He was not quarrelsome by
nature, but he

never ran away from a fight.

Best Student in School

In academic studies, Jose beat all Biñan boys. He surpassed them all in Spanish, Latin, and
other subjects.

Some of his older classmates were jealous of his intellectual superiority. They wickedly
squealed to the

teacher whenever Jose had a fight outside the school, and even told lies to discredit him
before the teacher’s

eyes. Consequently the teacher had to punish Jose.

Early Schooling in Biñan

Jose had a very vivid imagination and a very keen sense of observation. At the age of seven
he traveled with

his father for the first time to Manila and thence to Antipolo to fulfill the promise of a
pilgrimage made by his
mother at the time of his birth. They embarked in a casco, a very ponderous vessel commonly
used in the

Philippines. It was the first trip on the lake that Jose could recollect. As darkness fell he spent
the hours by the

katig, admiring the grandeur of the water and the stillness of the night, although he was seized
with a

superstitious fear when he saw a water snake entwine itself around the bamboo beams of the
katig. With

what joy did he see the sun at the daybreak as its luminous rays shone upon the glistening
surface of the wide

lake, producing a brilliant effect! With what joy did he talk to his father, for he had not uttered
a word during

the night!

When they proceeded to Antipolo, he experienced the sweetest emotions upon seeing the gay
banks of the

Pasig and the towns of Cainta and Taytay. In Antipolo he prayed, kneeling before the image of
the Virgin of

Peace and Good Voyage, of whom he would later sing in elegant verses. Then he saw Manila,
the great

metropolis, with its Chinese sores and European bazaars. And visited his elder sister,
Saturnina, in Santa Ana,

who was a boarding student in the Concordia College.

When he was nine years old, his father sent him to Biñan to continue studying Latin, because
his first teacher

had died. His brother Paciano took him to Biñan one Sunday, and Jose bade his parents and
sisters good-bye

with tears in his eyes. Oh, how it saddened him to leave for the first time and live far from his
home and his

family! But he felt ashamed to cry and had to conceal his tears and sentiments. "O Shame," he
explained,

"how many beautiful and pathetic scenes the world would witness without thee!"
They arrived at Biñan in the evening. His brother took him to the house of his aunt where he
was to stay, and

left him after introducing him to the teacher. At night, in company with his aunt’s grandson
named Leandro,

Jose took a walk around the town in the light of the moon. To him the town looked extensive
and rich but sad

and ugly.

His teacher in Biñan was a severe disciplinarian. His name was Justiniano Aquino Cruz. "He
was a tall man,

lean and long-necked, with a sharp nose and a body slightly bent forward. He used to wear a
sinamay shirt

woven by the deft hands of Batangas women. He knew by memory the grammars of Nebrija
and Gainza. To

this add a severity which, in my judgement I have made of him, which is all I remember."

The boy Jose distinguished himself in class, and succeeded in surpassing many of his older
classmates. Some of

these were so wicked that, even without reason, they accused him before

the teacher, for which, in spite of his progress, he received many whippings and strokes from

the ferule. Rare was the day when he was not stretched on the bench for a whipping or
punished with five or

six blows on the open palm. Jose’s reaction to all these punishments was one of intense
resentment in order

to learn and thus carry out his father’s will.

Jose spent his leisure hours with Justiniano’s father-in-law, a master painter. From him he
took his first two

sons, two nephews, and a grandson. His way life was methodical and well regulated. He heard
mass at four if

there was one that early, or studied his lesson at that hour and went to mass afterwards.
Returning home, he

might look in the orchard for a mambolo fruit to eat, then he took his breakfast, consisting
generally of a plate
of rice and two dried sardines.

After that he would go to class, from which he was dismissed at ten, then home again. He ate
with his aunt

and then began at ten, then home again. He ate with his aunt and then began to study. At half
past two he

returned to class and left at five. He might play for a short time with some cousins before
returning home. He

studied his lessons, drew for a while, and then prayed and if there was a moon, his friends
would invite him to

play in the street in company with other boys.

Whenever he remembered his town, he thought with tears in his eyes of his beloved father, his
idolized

mother, and his solicitous sisters. Ah, how sweet was his town even though not so opulent as
Biñan! He grew

sad and thoughtful.

While he was studying in Biñan, he returned to his hometown now and then. How long the
road seemed to

him in going and how short in coming! When from afar he descried the roof of his house,
secret joy filled his

breast. How he looked for pretexts to remain longer at home! A day more seemed to him a day
spent in

heaven, and how he wept, though silently and secretly, when he saw the calesa that was
flower that him

Biñan! Then everything looked sad; a flower that he touched, a stone that attracted his
attention he gathered,

fearful that he might not see it again upon his return. It was a sad but delicate and quite pain
that possessed

him.

The Story of the light and the moth

One night, while his mother Dona Teodora was reaching him a lesson in Spanish, she noticed
that he was

dozing off, to keep him awake, she asked him, do you want to listen to a story, Rizal was
excited and he

opened his eyes wide. The story said, the mother moth warned her son to stay away from the
flame because it

is dangerous. It is so enticing & seemingly harmless, but whoever comes closer to it, either
gets burned or

killed, such a warning made the young moth more curious, that one time, when nobody was
watching him, he

hovered around the flame, he was so thrilled at the start because it felt delightful, as he was
drawn closer and

closer, he became oblivious of the danger until his wings touched the flame.

Suddenly, the young moth recalled the story of his mother warning him about the snare of the
flame. He tried

to wrench himself free from the flame but it won’t let him go, he wanted to flee but it was too
late, his wings

got caught by the fire, the bright flame rolled its tongue and snuffed out the life in him. It cost
his life and

ultimately the death of the young moth.

Lesson 8: Chapter 5

Jose Rizal personality (week 7)

Overview

The personality of Jose Rizal is describes in this chapter, how one personality defers from the
others, and how he was

like or admired by other people due to his multi-talents.

The Many-Sided Personality

Filipinos and foreigners alike have paid tribute to Jose Rizal claiming that his place of honor
in history is secure. It

was his Austrian bosom friend, Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt, rector of the Imperial
Athenaeum of Leitmeritz, who

said "Rizal was the greatest product of the Philippines and his coming to the world was like
the appearance of a rare

comet, whose rare brilliance appears only every other century." Another German friend, Dr.
Adolf B. Meyer, director of

the Dresden Museum who admired his all-around knowledge and ability, remarked "Rizal’s
many-sidedness was

stupendous." Our own Dr. Camilo Osias pointed to him as the "versatile genius."

His prerocity since early boyhood turned into versatility in later years. Being curious and
inquisitive, he developed a rare

facility of mastering varied subjects and occupations.

Actor

Rizal acted as a character in one of Juan Luna’s paintings and acted in school dramas.

Agriculturist

Rizal had farms in Dapitan, Zamboanga Del Norte (1892-1896) where he planted lanzones,
coconuts and other fruit-

bearing trees.

Ambassador of Good Will

His friendliness, goodwill and cultural associations with friends entitled him as one.

Animal Lover

As a small boy, Rizal loved animals including birds, fish, insects, and other specimens of
animal life. Fowls, rabbits, dogs,

horses, and cats constituted his favorites. As much as possible, he did not wish fowls to be
killed even for food, and

showed displeasure in being asked to eat the cooked animal. The family garden in Calamba
abounded with insects
galore and birds native to the Calamba environs. He wrote about and sketched animals of the
places he had toured.

Anthropologist

He made researches on the physical and social make up of man.

Archeologist

Rizal studied monuments and antique currency everywhere he went. He drew most of the
monuments he saw.

Ascetic

Rizal always practiced self-discipline wherever he went.

Book lover

He had a big library and brought many books abroad.

Botanist

Rizal maintained a garden in Dapitan where he planted and experimented on plants of all kinds

Businessman

He had a partner in Dapitan in the Abaca business there (1892-1896).

Cartographer

He drew maps of Dapitan, The Philippines and other places he visited.

Chess Player

He played chess and bear several Germans and European friends and acquaintances.

Citizen of the world

His extensive travels and multitude of friends in Europe, Middle East and Asia made him one.

Commentator

Rizal always expresses and published his personal opinion.

Conchologist

He had a good shell collection in Dapitan. An American conchologist praised him.

Educator
Rizal taught in his special school in Dapitan.

Ethnologist

In his travels, Rizal was able to compare different races and he noted the differences.

Father of community school

He proposed college in Hong Kong and his special school in Dapitan made him a father of
community schools.

Fencer

He fenced with Europeans and Juan Luna and other friends in Europe.

Freemason abroad

He was member of La Solidaridad Lodge in Spain.

Horticulture and farmer

He experimented on and cultivated plants in Dapitan.

Historian

His annotation of Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas entitled him as one.

Humorist

There are many humorous incidents in the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.

Ichthyologist

He collected 38 new varieties of fish in Dapitan.

Japanophile

His admiration of Japanese traits and his knowledge of her language proved he was one.

Journalist

He authored the published many articles in Spanish and English and London.

Laboratory worker

He was employed in the clinic of Dr. L. Wecker in Paris.

Linguist

He spoke over 20 foreign languages.

Lover of truth

He chided Spanish writers for not writing the truth about the Filipinos. He was always truthful
since boyhood.

Musicians

He played the flute and composed pieces of music and cultivated music appreciation.

Mythologist

Rizal used mythology in his Noli and Fili.

Nationalist

He gave full expression of the native spirit strengthened by world civilization and loved and
defended everything

Filipino.

Newspaperman

He wrote and published articles in many publications and was one of the organizers of the La
Solidaridad.

Ophthalmologist

He graduated in an ophthalmologic college in Spain.

Orientalist

Rizal admired the special characteristic and beauties of Oriental countries peoples.

Pharmacologist

Rizal treasured and popularized the usefulness and preparation of cures for treatment of his
patients.

Philologist

Rizal loved of learning and literature is unequalled.

Philosopher

Rizal not only loved wisdom but also regulated his life and enjoyed calmness of the life at all-
time

Physical culturist
Rizal maintained a good health by exercising all parts of his body and eating proper foods

Physicians

He treated several patients afflicted not only with eye diseases.

Plant lover

As a child, Rizal spend most of his time in the family garden which was planted with fruit
trees,

Shrubs and decorative trees. His diaries contained detailed description and sketches of
plants, flowers and fruits he saw

in the places he visited. He wrote poems on flower he like very much as his poems To the
Flowers of Heidelberg.

Poet

Rizal wrote over 35 poems including his famous Ultimo Adios.

Politician

Although Rizal did not engage in Politics, he exposed the evils of the political activities of the
Spaniards in the Philippines

through his writing.

Polyglot

Rizal spoke and wrote in 20 languages.

Proofreader

In Germany, He worked as a part-time proofreader of his livelihood.

Propagandist

As a reformer, Rizal encourages the recommendation of improving the government entities

and discourage abuses

publishing articles.

Public relation man

He worked for better cooperation of rulers and subjects in his country.

Reformer
He published the modern methods of government administration, so changes could be made.

Researcher

Being a wide reader, he compared the old and new practices in life.

Revolutionist

Rizal encouraged reforms, discouraged old, impractical usage, and desired new and useful
laws to benefit his

countrymen. He desired changes for the better.

Rhetorician

Rizal has always practiced the art of persuasive and impressive speaking and writing.

Rural reconstruction worker

He practiced rural reconstruction work in Dapitan in 1894 and succeeded.

Sanitary engineer

His construction of a water system in Dapitan exemplified this practice by Rizal.

Scientist

Rizal’s practice of many sciences here and abroad made him noted scientist.

Sculptor

His works of his father and of Father Guerrico, S. J. typified his sculptural ability.

Sharp shooter

He could hit a target 20 meters away.

Sinologist

Rizal’s ancestry and his ability to speak Chinese made him one.

Sociologist

in Rizal’s study of Philippines social problems, he always encouraged and introduced

solutions.

Sodalist
He always joined fraternities, associations and brotherhood, for self-improvement.

Sportsman

He engaged from a surveying class at the Ateneo after passing his A. B. there.

Tourist

He was considered the foremost tourist due to his extensive travels.

Traveler

He traveled around the world three times.

Tuberculosis expert

for having cured himself of this disease, he became and was recognized as an expert.

Youth leader

He considered the youth as "the hope of his Fatherland."

Zoologist

He was fond of pets. He researched later on their physiology, classification and habits.

Lesson 9:

Chapter 6

Jose Rizal travels

Overview

A man travels the world in search of what he needs, and returns home to find it. Jose Rizal
went on his journey abroad

in his quest for what his country needs and come home for the last time to stamp with his
blood the truth embedded

in his works.

Rizal's First Trip Abroad

3 May 1882
Rizal left Philippines for the first time Spain. He boarded the Salvadora using a passport of
Jose Mercado, which was

procured for him by his uncle Antonio Rivera, father of Leonor Rivera. He was accompanied to
the quay where the

Salvadora was moored by his uncle Antonio, Vicente Gella, and Mateo Evangelista.

He got seasick on board the boat.

He conversed with the passengers of the ship; he was still feeling sea-sick.

He played chess with the passengers on board. He saw mountains and Islands.

Rizal arrived at Singapore.

He went around the town of Singapore and maid some observations.

In Singapore, at 2 p.m., Rizal boarded the boat Djemnah to continue his trip to Spain. He found
the boat clean and well

kept. He had a conversation with the passengers of the boat. Rizal was seasick again. On his
way to Marseilles, Rizal had

a terrible dream. He dreamed he was traveling with Neneng (Saturnina) and their path was
blocked by snakes.

Rizal had another disheartening dream. He dreamed he returned to Calamba and after meeting
his parents who did not

talk to him because of not having consulted them about his first trip abroad, he returned
traveling abroad with one

hundred pesos he again borrowed. He was so sad and broken hearted. Soon he woke up and
found himself inside his

cabin.

Rizal in Barcelona, Spain

At 12:00 noon, Rizal arrived at Barcelona and boarded in the Fonda De España.

In a letter, Rizal related to his parents his experiences during his trip from Port Said to
Barcelona. In the same Letter, he

requested them to send him a birth certificate and statement showing that he had parents in
the Philippines.

P. Leoncio Lopez of Calamba issued a certified copy of Rizal’s birth certificate.

His article "Amor Patrio" was published in the Diarong Tagalog, a Manila newspaper edited by
Basilio Teodoro. This was

the First article he wrote abroad.

Rizal in Madrid, Spain

Rizal matriculated at the Universidad Central de Madrid. He took the following subjects:
medical clinic, surgical clinic,

legal medicine and obstetrical clinic. He attended his regular classes which stared in all
earnest. he was Asked to deliver

a poem by the members of Circulo Hispano-Filipino, there together in the effort to save the
association from

disintegration, Rizal recited "Me piden versus." The meeting was held at the house of Pablo
Ortiga y Rey. He attended

again of the Circulo Hisfano-Filipino held in house of Mr. Ortiga. He wrote the article "Revista
de Madrid" which was in

intended for publication in the Diarong Tagalog in Manila, but was not published because the
newspaper stops its

circulation. Rizal wrote an article entitled "Las Dudas". The article was signed Laong - Laan.

In a letter, Rizal revealed to Paciano his plan of going to Paris or Rome in June. He wanted to
practice French in Paris and

Italian in Rome and to observe the customs of people in those cities.

- In the evening, Rizal dreamed he was an actor dying in the scene, feeling intensely the
shortage of his breath, the

weakening of his strength, and darkening of his sight. He woke up tired and breathless.

In a letter Rizal appraised his brother Paciano of his activities in Madrid, his impressions of
the city and his meeting with

his friends in gathering. In part he said: "The Tuesday of the Carnival we had a Filipino
luncheon and dinner in the house

of the Pateros, each one contributing one duro. We ate with our hands, boiled rice, chicken
adobo, fried fish and roast

pig.

Rizal recollected his past impressions when he left his hometown Calamba. This day he
attended a fiesta in Madrid. In a
letter, Rizal was informed by Paciano of the 1,350 loaves of milled sugar produced from the
Pansol farm and at the same

time granting him to proceed to Paris as soon as he finished the medical course in Madrid.
Rizal left Madrid for Paris to

spend his summer and to observe the big French City.

Rizal in Paris, France

Rizal arrived at Paris. He spent the whole day walking around and observing the beautiful
cities.

With Felipe Zamora and Cunanan, He visited the Leannec Hospital to observe how Dr. Nicaise
treated his patients. He

was stunned to see the advanced facilities in the accommodation in the said hospital. He
again visited Dr. Nicaise who

showed the technique of operation. Later he went to see the Museum.

In a letter to his parents, sisters and brother, Rizal continued describing the museum,
buildings and hospitals he had

visited in Paris. In a letter to his parents, he continued describing his visits to museum and his
excursions to important

place in Paris.

Rizal Back in Madrid

Rizal was back in Madrid from his summer vacation in Paris.

He changed his residence from Barquillo St. N0. 34, 4 to San Miguel no. 7, 1 Centro.

He enrolled at the central Universidad de Madrid for the second course in medicine.

He came to know of the imprisonment, by order of Sr. Vicente Barrantes, of the 14 rich
innocent persons in Manila. The

Prisoners who knew nothing is the cause of their detention and who became sick later, were
kept in a humid prison cell.

Rizal was indignant of his inhuman act.

Rizal informed his family of his plan to graduate in medicine at the end of the course in June.

His sister Maria that Soledad was married on November 4, 1883 informed Rizal in a letter.
Narcisa also informed him
that the causes of the delay of sending him a letters were the cholera, the typhoon, and the
death of the parish priest,

events, which occurred in succession.

In the evening Rizal delivered a speech in a banquet held at the Café de Madrid. Many Filipinos
were gathered in the

restaurant to bid goodbye to the year 1884.

Rizal proposed to the member of the Circulo assembled in the house of the Pateros, the
publication of a book by

association. This idea became the embryo of this first novel Noli Me Tangere

Early in the morning, Rizal went to the University of San Carlos only to find out that there was
no class. He immediately

went to the Café de Madrid to meet members of the Circulo who were gathered again to
discuss the proposed book.

Rizal in Heidelberg, Germany

He arrived at Heidelberg. The town to him looked gay. On the streets he saw students with
cups of different colors. Rizal

was living in a boarding house costing him 28 duros a month. He found German life full of
potatoes; potatoes in the

morning and potatoes in the evening.

He penned a letter to his family in Calamba describing his life in Heidelberg and his trip from
Paris to the city of flowers.

With an old woman as guide, Rizal visited the interior of the famous castle in Heidelberg. He
saw the hall of the pages.

Waiting room, audience chamber, the court, and many other parts of building.

In a letter, he informed his family in Calamba of his visits to the eye clinic of Dr. Otto Becker..

He wrote to his younger sister, Trinidad, describing the German girl as "serious, studious, and
very much attached to his

work" However, she did not have that "delicacy of hearth’ of the Filipino woman. He advised
Trinidad to read and read.
While in Heidelberg experiencing the feeling of nostalgia for his parents and his country, Rizal
wrote the poem "A Las

Flores de Heidelberg."

Rizal in Wilhelmsfeld, Germany

He left Heidelberg for Wilhemsfeld to honor invitation extended to him by Reverend Karl
Ullmer whom Rizal meet one

day in the woods with the Pastor’s wife, daughter Eta and son Freidrich. In Wilhelmsfeld
where Pastor Ullmer was

staying and working, Rizal was invited to visit the vicarage. Later, on Rizal’s choice, he
boarded with the Ullmer family

until he left Wilhelmsfeld by last week of June. From Wilhelmsfeld, he reiterated in a letter to
his parents, the necessity

of writing him the badly needed amount.

Rizal left Wilhelmsfeld for Hiedelberg. In Wilhemsfeld he studied the German country life and
practice speaking good

German with the Ullmer’s family with whom he live.

Rizal Returned to Heidelberg

From Heidelberg Rizal sent to Reverend Ullmer the note of 100 pesetas. He wanted to comply
with the promise of

paying a latter the amount he incurred while he was in Wilhemsfeld.

Rizal wrote few expressive lines dedicated to this beautiful city Heidelberg. He was to start his
travel thru the cities along

Rhine River.

On this day he witnessed the fifth centenary celebration of the founding of the University of
Heidelberg, which he

enjoyed very much.

Lesson 10 Chapter 7
Jose Rizal’s Women

Overview

Male chauvinism and society double standard of morality tolerate man’s flirtation but look
down on a woman’s

suggestive gestures to different men. Jose Rizal while in abroad, would be meeting in his
journey different kind

of women. This women are part of his inspiration in making his works and writings.

Rizal, the Romantic

There were at least nine women linked with Rizal; namely Segunda Katigbak, Leonor
Valenzuela, Leonor Rivera,

Consuelo Ortiga, O-Sei San, Gertrude Beckette, Nelly Boustead, Suzanne Jacoby and
Josephine Bracken. These women

might have been beguiled by his intelligence, charm and wit.

Segunda Katigbak and Leonor Valenzuela

Segunda Katigbak was her puppy love. Unfortunately, his first love was engaged to be married
to a town mate- Manuel

Luz. After his admiration for a short girl in the person of Segunda, then came Leonor
Valenzuela, a tall girl from

Pagsanjan. Rizal send her love notes written in invisible ink that could only be deciphered
over the warmth of the lamp

or candle. He visited her on the eve of his departure to Spain and bade her a last goodbye.

Leonor Rivera

Leonor Rivera, his sweetheart for 11 years played the greatest influence in keeping him from
falling in love with other

women during his travel. Unfortunately, Leonor’s mother disapproved of her daughter’s
relationship with Rizal, who was

then a known filibuster. She hid from Leonor all letters sent to her sweetheart. Leonor
believing that Rizal had already
forgotten her, sadly consented her to marry the Englishman Henry Kipping, her mother’s
choice.

Consuelo Ortiga

Consuelo Ortiga y Rey, the prettier of Don Pablo Ortiga’s daughters, fell in love with him. He
dedicated to her A la

Senorita C.O. y R., which became one of his best poems. The Ortiga's residence in Madrid was
frequented by Rizal and

his compatriots. He probably fell in love with her and Consuelo apparently asked him for
romantic verses. He suddenly

backed out before the relationship turned into a serious romance, because he wanted to
remain loyal to Leonor Rivera

and he did not want to destroy his friendship with Eduardo de Lete who was madly in love
with Consuelo.

O Sei San

O Sei San, a Japanese samurai’s daughter taught Rizal the Japanese art of painting known as
su-mie. She also helped

Rizal improve his knowledge of Japanese language. If Rizal was a man without a patriotic
mission, he would have married

this lovely and intelligent woman and lived a stable and happy life with her in Japan because
Spanish legation there

offered him a lucrative job.

Gertrude Beckett

While Rizal was in London annotating the Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, he boarded in the
house of the Beckett family,

within walking distance of the British Museum. Gertrude, a blue-eyed and buxom girl was the
oldest of the three Beckett

daughters. She fell in love with Rizal. Tottie helped him in his painting and sculpture. But Rizal
suddenly left London for

Paris to avoid Gertrude, who was seriously in love with him. Before leaving London, he was
able to finish the group
carving of the Beckett sisters. He gave the group carving to Gertrude as a sign of their brief
relationship.

Nellie Boustead

Rizal having lost Leonor Rivera, entertained the thought of courting other ladies. While a
guest of the Boustead family at

their residence in the resort city of Biarritz, he had befriended the two pretty daughters of his
host, Eduardo Boustead.

Rizal used to fence with the sisters at the studio of Juan Luna. Antonio Luna, Juan’s brother
and also a frequent visitor of

the Bousteads, courted Nellie but she was deeply infatuated with Rizal. In a party held by
Filipinos in Madrid, a drunken

Antonio Luna uttered unsavory remarks against Nellie Boustead. This prompted Rizal to
challenge Luna into a duel.

Fortunately, Luna apologized to Rizal, thus averting tragedy for he compatriots.

Their love affair unfortunately did not end in marriage. It failed because Rizal refused to be
converted to the Protestant

faith, as Nellie demanded and Nellie’s mother did not like a physician without enough paying
clientele to be a son-in-

law. The lovers, however, parted as good friends when Rizal left Europe.

Suzanne Jacoby

In 1890, Rizal moved to Brussels because of the high cost of living in Paris. In Brussels, he
lived in the boarding house of

the two Jacoby sisters. In time, they fell deeply in love with each other. Suzanne cried when
Rizal left Brussels and wrote

him when he was in Madrid.

Josephine Bracken
In the last days of February 1895, while still in Dapitan, Rizal met an 18-year old petite Irish
girl, with bold blue eyes,

brown hair and a happy disposition. She was Josephine Bracken, the adopted daughter of
George Taufer from Hong

Kong, who came to Dapitan to seek Rizal for eye treatment. Rizal was physically attracted to
her. His loneliness and

boredom must have taken the measure of him and what could be a better diversion that to fall
in love again. But the

Rizal sisters suspected Josephine as an agent of the friars and they considered her as a threat
to Rizal’s security. Rizal

asked Josephine to marry him, but she was not yet ready to make a decision due to her
responsibility to the blind

Taufer. Since Taufer’s blindness was untreatable, he left for Hon Kong on March 1895.
Josephine stayed with Rizal’s

family in Manila. Upon her return to Dapitan, Rizal tried to arrange with Father Antonio Obach
for their marriage.

However, the priest wanted a retraction as a precondition before marrying them. Rizal upon
the advice of his family and

friends and with Josephine’s consent took her as his wife even without the Church blessings.
Josephine later give birth

prematurely to a stillborn baby, a result of some incidence, which might have shocked or
frightened her.

Lesson 12:                                         Chapter 9

Jose Rizal and the Revolution (week 13)
Overview
 
Every age is an age of revolution. Some revolution are bloody such as the French revolution
and Some revolution are peaceful such as reforms in effecting change in the government,
there were Silent but powerful revolutions which permanently changed and shaped the minds
of human race.
 
Rizal and the Katipunan
 
On June 21, 1896. Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Bonifacio’s emissary, visited Rizal in Dapitan and
informed him of the plan of the Katipunan to launch a revolution. Rizal objected to Bonifacio’s bold
project stating that such would be a veritable suicide. Rizal stressed that the Katipunan leaders
should do everything possible to prevent premature flow of native blood. Valenzuela, however,
warned Rizal that the Revolution will inevitably break out if the Katipunan would be discovered.

Sensing that the revolutionary leaders were dead set on launching their audacious project, Rizal
instructed Valenzuela that it would be for the best interests of the Katipunan to get first the support of
the rich and influential people of Manila to strengthen their cause. He further suggested that Antonio
Luna with his knowledge of military science and tactics, be made to direct the military operations of
the Revolution.
 
Rizal and the Propaganda Movement
To prove his point and refute the accusations of prejudiced Spanish writers against his race,
Rizal annotated the book, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, written by the Spaniard Antonio Morga. The
book was an unbiased presentation of 16th century Filipino culture. Rizal through his annotation
showed that Filipinos had developed culture even before the coming of the Spaniards.

While annotating Morga’s book, he began writing the sequel to the Noli, the El Filibusterismo. He
completed the Fili in July 1891 while he was in Brussels, Belgium. As in the printing of the Noli, Rizal
could not published the sequel for the lack of finances. Fortunately, Valentin Ventura gave him
financial assistance and the Fili came out of the printing press on September 1891.

The El Filibusterismo indicated Spanish colonial policies and attacked the Filipino collaborators of
such system. The novel pictured a society on the brink of a revolution.

To buttress his defense of the native’s pride and dignity as people, Rizal wrote three significant
essays while abroad: The Philippines a Century hence, the Indolence of the Filipinos and the Letter to
the Women of Malolos. These writings were his brilliant responses to the vicious attacks against the
Indio and his culture.

While in Hong Kong, Rizal planned the founding of the Liga Filipina, a civil organization and the
establishment of a Filipino colony in Borneo. The colony was to be under the protectorate of the North
Borneo Company, he was granted permission by the British Governor to establish a settlement on a
190,000 acre property in North Borneo. The colony was to be under the protectorate of the North
Borneo Company, with the "same privileges and conditions at those given in the treaty with local
Bornean rulers".

Governor Eulogio Despujol disapproved the project for obvious and self-serving reasons. He
considered the plan impractical and improper that Filipinos would settle and develop foreign territories
while the colony itself badly needed such developments.
Review question
1.     What is a revolution?
2.     What are the reasons why revolution exist?
3.     How do revolution break out?
4.     Is revolution justified? Why or why not?
Lesson 13:
Chapter 10
Jose Rizal in Dapitan
Overview
The name dapitan originated from the Visayan term “dapit” which means to invite. A small
town Situated in western Mindanao of Sulu Sea. Dapitan is also known as the shrine city
famous for its Rustic beauty and serenity. Likewise known as haven by the sea.
You cannot stop a determined man from success, put stumbling block along his way and on
them he will climb to greatness, from his failures he learns valuable lessons, from his
frustrations, he makes a strong resolve to rise up again, from his deprivation he becomes
resourceful & from humiliations, he shall have a meaningful climb to greatness.
 
Peaceful Life in Dapitan
 
During the early part of his exile in Dapitan, Rizal lived at the commandant’s residence. With his prize
from the Manila Lottery and his earnings as a farmer and a merchant, he bought a piece of land near
the shore of Talisay near Dapitan. On this land, he built three houses- all made of bamboo, wood, and
nipa. The first house which was square in shape was his home. The second house was the living
quarters of his pupils. And the third house was the barn where he kept his chickens. The second
house had eight sides, while the third had six sides.

In a letter to his friend, Ferdinand Blumentritt, on December 19, 1893, Rizal described his peaceful
life in Dapitan.

"I shall tell you how we lived here. I have three houses-one square, another hexagonal, and the third
octagonal. All these houses are made of bamboo, wood, and nipa. I live in the square house, together
with my mother, my sister, Trinidad, and my nephew. In the octagonal house live some young boys
who are my pupils. The hexagonal house is my barn where I keep my chickens.
"From my house, I hear the murmur of a clear brook which comes from the high rocks. I see the
seashore where I keep two boats, which are called barotos here.
"I have many fruit trees, such as mangoes, lanzones, guayabanos, baluno, nangka, etc. I have
rabbits, dogs, cats, and other animals.
"I rise early in the morning-at five-visit my plants, feed the chickens, awaken my people, and prepare
our breakfast. At half-past seven, we eat our breakfast, which consists of tea, bread, cheese, sweets,
and other things.
"After breakfast, I treat the poor patients who come to my house. Then I dress and go to Dapitan in
my baroto.
I am busy the whole morning, attending to my patients in town.

"At noon, I return home to Talisay for lunch. Then, from 2:00 to 4:00 p.m., I am busy as a teacher. I
teach the
young boys.
"I spend the rest of the afternoon in farming. My pupils help me in watering the plants, pruning the
fruits, and
planting many kinds of trees. We stop at 6:00 p.m. for the Angelus
"I spend the night reading and writing."
 
Rizal's First Christmas in Dapitan
 
After a short time, Jose Rizal began to enjoy the simple life of Dapitan.

Rizal became prosperous. Aside from his lottery prize, Rizal earned more money by practicing
medicine. Some rich patients paid him well for curing their eye ailments. He began to buy agricultural
lands in Talisay, a barrio near Dapitan. He planned to build his house in this scenic barrio by the
seashore.

As Christmas came nearer, Rizal became more cheerful. His savings increased, for the cost of living
in Dapitan was cheaper than in Calamba. His health improved. Many Dapitan folks, who were
formerly indifferent to him, became his friends.

No wonder, Rizal enjoyed his first Christmas in Dapitan. He was one of the guests of Captain
Carnicero at a Christmas Eve dinner in the comandancia (house of the commandant). The other
guests were three Spaniards from the neighboring town of Dipolog and a Frenchman named Jean
Lardet. It was a merry feast. The guests enjoyed the delicious dishes prepared by the commandant’s
native cook. With the exception of Rizal, they drank beer, for he disliked hard liquor. At midnight,
Captain Carnicero, Rizal, and other guests went to church to hear the Mass of the Noche Buena.

In a letter to his mother, dated January 5, 1893, Rizal described how he enjoyed his first Christmas in
Dapitan.
He said:
"I spent a merry Christmas here. It could not have been merrier. I had a happy dinner on Christmas
Eve, together with my host (the commandant), three Spaniards from a neighboring town, and a
Frenchman. We heard Mass at 12:00 midnight, for you know I go to Mass here every Sunday."
 
Rizal as a Farmer in Dapitan
 
To prove to his people that farming is a good profession as medicine, Rizal became a farmer in
Dapitan. In a letter to his sister, Lucia, on February 12, 1896, he said: "We cannot all be doctors; it is
necessary that there would be some to cultivate the soil."

During the first year of his exile (1893), Rizal bought an abandoned farm in Talisay, a barrio near
Dapitan. This farm had an area of sixteen hectares and was rather rocky. It lay beside a river that
resembled the Calamba River-clear fresh water, wide and swift current. In his letter to his sister
Trinidad on January 15, 1896, Rizal said: "My land is half an hour’s walk from the sea. The whole
place is poetic and very picturesque, better than Ilaya River, without comparison. At some points, it is
wide like the Pasig River and clear like the Pansol, and has some crocodiles in some parts. There are
dalag (fish) and pako (edible fern). If you and our parents come, I am going to build a large house
where we can all live together."

On this land in Talisay, Rizal actually built a permanent home. With the help of his pupils and some
laborers, he cleared it and planted cacao, coffee, coconuts, and fruit trees. Later, he bought more
lands in other barrios of Dapitan. In due time, his total land holdings reached 70 hectares. They
contained 6,000 abaca plants, 1,000 coconut palms, many coffee and cacao plants and numerous
kinds of fruit trees.

On his lands, Rizal introduced modern methods of agriculture which he had observed during his
travels in Europe and America. He encouraged the Dapitan farmers to replace their primitive system
of cultivation with these modern methods. These modern methods of farming consisted of the use of
fertilizers, the rotation of crops, and the use of farm machines. Rizal actually imported some farm
machines from the United States.

Rizal dreamed of establishing an agricultural colony in the sitio of Ponot near Sindangan Bay. This
region contained plenty of water and good port facilities. He believed that it could accommodate
about 5,000 heads of cattle and 40,000 coconut palms. It was also ideal for the cultivation of coffee,
cacao, and sugar cane because of its fertile soil and favorable climate.

He invited his relatives and friends in Luzon, especially those in Calamba, to colonize the Sindangan
Bay area. Unfortunately, his plan of founding an agricultural colony in Sindangan Bay did not
materialize, like that of his former project to colonize North Borneo. He did not get the support of the
Spanish government.

Before Rizal was exiled in Dapitan, he already knew many languages. These languages were: Tagalog,
Ilokano, Spanish, Latin, Greek, English, French, German, Arabic, Hebrew, Sanskrit, Catalan, Dutch,
Italian, Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, Swedish, and Russian-19 in all.

His knowledge of many languages was one aspect of Rizal’s amazing genius. Few men in history
were gifted by God with such ability to learn any language easily. And one of these rare men was
Rizal. To learn a new language, Rizal memorized five root words every night before going to bed. At
the end of the year, he learned 1,825 new words. He never forget these foreign words because of his
retentive memory. 

Rizal made a good use of his knowledge of many languages in his travels in Europe and America, in
communicating with foreign scholars and scientists, and in his writings. Many times during his travels
abroad, he acted as interpreter for his fellow travelers who belonged to various nationalities-
Americans, British, French, German, Italians, Spaniards, Japanese and others.

During his exile in Dapitan, Rizal increased his knowledge of languages. He studied three more
languages- Malay, Bisayan and Subanun. On April 5, 1896, he wrote to his Austrian friend, Professor
Blumentritt: "I know Bisayan already, and I speak it quite well. It is necessary, however, to know other
dialects."

By the end of his exile in Dapitan on July 31, 1896, Rizal had become one of the world’s great
linguists. He knew 22 languages, namely, Tagalog, Ilokano, Spanish, Portuguese, Latin, Greek,
Sanskrit, English, French, German, Arabic, Hebrew, Catalan, Dutch, Italian, Chinese, Japanese,
Swedish, Russian, Malay, Bisayan, and Subanun.
 
Rizal as a Painter in Dapitan
 
In Dapitan, Rizal demonstrated his talent for painting. Before the Holy Week of 1894, Father Vicente
Balaguer, a young Jesuit parish priest, was worried. He needed a good backdrop (canvas oil painting
behind the main altar) for the annual Lenten celebration. In his native city of Barcelona, Spain, a
church had one that showed a colonnaded court, viewed from a wide open gate- a scene depicting
the court of Pontius Pilate.

Upon hearing of Rizal’s painting ability, Father Balaguer went to Talisay to talk with the exiled doctor.
He was accompanied by a convent helper named Leoncio Sagario.

"Doctor," he told Rizal, "I need your help. I would like to have a beautiful backdrop behind the church
altar that shows the spirit of the Holy Week. I’ve in mind something similar to one in a church in
Barcelona."

Father Balaguer made some rough sketches as he described the backdrop in the Barcelona church.
"Can you paint in oil such a picture on a huge canvas, Doctor?" he asked.
"I’ll try, Father. You see, I haven’t done any painting for many years, but I’ll do my best."

The following day, Rizal went to the Jesuit priest, bringing his own sketch based on the latter’s ideas.
Father Balaguer was satisfied and urged Rizal to begin the painting job at once.

The actual painting of the backdrop was a difficult task. Rizal obtained the help of two assistants-
Sister Agustina Montoya, a Filipina nun from Cavite who could paint, and Francisco Almirol, a native
painter of Dapitan.

The trio-Rizal, Sister Montoya, and Almirol- made the sacristy of the church as their workshop. Rizal
sketched in soft pencil the general outline of the picture, after which his two assistants applied the oil
colors.

Daily, Rizal supervised the work of his assistants. He himself put the finishing touches. He was glad
to note that he still had the skill in painting. Father Balaguer was very much satisfied with the finished
oil painting of the backdrop. “Beautiful, very beautiful," he said. He warmly thanked Rizal and his two
assistants for the work well done.
The gorgeous backdrop became a precious possession of the Dapitan church- Santiago Church. It
was truly a masterpiece.

Senate President Manuel L. Quezon saw Rizal’s painting masterpiece during his visit to Dapitan. He
was deeply impressed by its majestic beauty. At one time General Leonard Wood, governor-general
of the Philippines, saw it and said that it was truly "a Rizalian legacy".

After the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Philippines, the beautiful backdrop was sent to
the Museum of the Ateneo de Manila for safekeeping.

Unfortunately, it was destroyed during the Second World War when fires and bombs razed the city of
Manila.
 
Rizal's Son Dies
By the beginning of 1896, Rizal was very happy. His beloved Josephine was heavy with child. Within
a few months, she would give birth to a child. As an expectant father, Rizal had every reason to be
cheerful and gay.
"I wish it would be a boy," he told Josephine.

"I also have the same wish," she replied.

"Let us hope and pray," said Rizal, "that it will be a boy. I will name him after my father."

"Suppose," asked Josephine in joking manner, "that it will be a girl?"

"Then, I will name her after my mother."

Unfortunately, Rizal and Josephine were not destined to have a child. One day in early March 1896,
Rizal played a practical joke on Josephine, which frightened her terribly. As a result of her great fright,
she gave birth prematurely to an eight-month baby boy.

The baby was very weak and was gasping for breath. Seeing the baby’s condition, Rizal immediately
baptized him Francisco in honor of his father. He did everything he could to save the life of his infant
son, but in vain. All his knowledge and skill as a physician could not save little Francisco. Sorrowfully,
Rizal saw his child die three hours after birth.

With a heavy heart, he drew a sketch of his dead son. Then he buried him under a shady tree near
his home. He prayed": "Oh, God, I give you another tiny angel. Please bless his soul.
 
Rizal's Last Christmas in Dapitan
The Christmas of 1895 was one of the happiest events in Rizal’s life. It was because of the presence
of Josephine, who proved to be a loving wife and a good housekeeper.

She was now used to living a simple rural life in the Philippines. She was industrious and learned to
cook all sorts of native dishes. In his letter to his sister, Trinidad, on September 25, 1895, Rizal
praised Josephine, thus: "She cooks, washes, and takes care of the chickens and the house. In the
absence of miki for making pancit, she made some long macaroni noodles out of flour and eggs,
which serves the purpose. If you could send me a little angkak, I should be grateful to you, for she
makes bagoong. She makes also chili miso, but it seems to me that what we
have will last for 10 years."

On December 25, 1895, Rizal and Josephine gave a Christmas party at their home in Talisay. By a
strange twist of fate, it proved to be Rizal’s last Christmas in Dapitan.

Rizal roasted a small pig to golden brown over a slow fire. He also made chicken broth out of a fat
hen. He invited all his neighbors. They all danced and made merry until dawn.

Writing to his sister, Trinidad, on January 15, 1896, Rizal described his last Christmas party in
Dapitan. "We celebrated merrily, as almost always. We roasted a small pig and hen. We invited our
neighbors. There was dancing, and we laughed a great deal until dawn."
 
Adios Dapitan
On the morning of July 31, 1896, his last day in Dapitan, Rizal busily packed his things. He was
scheduled to leave the town on board the España, which was sailing back to Manila. He had sold his
lands and other things he owned to his friend, mostly natives of Dapitan.
At 5:30 in the afternoon, he and eight other companions embarked on the steamer. His eight
companions were Josephine; Narcisa (his sister); Angelica (daughter of Narcisa); his three nephews,
Mauricio (son of Maria Rizal), Estanislao (son of Lucia Rizal), and Teodosio (another son of Lucia
Rizal); and Mr. And Mrs. Sunico.

Almost all Dapitan folks, young and old, were at the shore to see the departure of their beloved
doctor. The pupils of Rizal cried, for they could not accompany their dear teacher. Captain Carnicero,
in full regalia of a commandant’s uniform, was on hand to say goodbye to his prisoner, whom he had
come to admire and respect. The town brass band played the music of the farewell ceremony.

At midnight, Friday, July 31, 1896, the steamer departed for Manila. The Dapitan folks shouted
"Adios, Dr. Rizal!" and threw their hats and handkerchiefs in the air. Captain Carnicero saluted his
departing friend. As the steamer left the town, the brass band played the sad music of Chopin’s
Farewell March.

Rizal was in the upper deck, with tears in his eyes. He raised his hand in farewell to the kind and
hospitable people of Dapitan, saying: "Adios, Dapitan!" He gazed at the crowded shore for the last
time. His heart was fille sorrow.

When he could no longer see the dim shoreline, he turned sadly into his cabin. He wrote in his diary:
"I have been in that district four years, thirteen days, and a few hours."
 
Review question
1.     Describe how Jose Rizal lived his life in dapitan?
2.     Describe Jose Rizal situation in dapitan that made him fall in love with the young
Josephine?
3.     Who decide the deportation of Jose Rizal in dapitan?
4.     How long did it take for Jose Rizal to court and propose marriage to Josephine?

Lesson 14: Chapter 11
Katipunan before the Revolution
Overview
Revolution is the culmination of politics which cannot be carried out in diplomatic ways.
Some revolution Are violent while others are peaceful. Revolutions all the same, grow slowly
and imperceptibly.
 
Establishment of the Katipunan
On July 7, 1892, the same date Rizal was exiled to Dapitan, Andres Bonifacio, Valentin Diaz,
Teodoro Plata, Ladislao Diwa, Deodato Arellano, and a few others, met secretly at a house on
Azcarraga (Claro M. Recto ave.)
Establishment of the Katipunan
They founded an association called Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan ng mga Anak ng
Bayan (KKK), or Katipunan for short.
Aims of Katipunan
To unite the Filipinos into a solid nation
To win Philippine independence by means of revolution
 
Recruitment of the katipunan
They first used the triangle method on recruiting members
Later on, since the triangle method was slow, Bonifacio allowed them to recruit as many members as
possible. The First Edition of Kalayaan (the Katipunan newspaper) also helped a lot in recruiting more
members.
 
Membership of katipunan
There were 3 grades of members:
Katipon – lowest class password; ANAK NG BAYAN
Recruitment of more members will turn him into a Kawal
Kawal – middle class password; GOMBURZA
If elected as an officer, he becomes a Bayani
Bayani – highest class password; RIZAL
 

Membership
The 2 factions of the Katipunan are Magdalo and Magdiwang.
When the war broke out they made flags different from each other. They also had an argument that
led to the Tejeros Convention.
 
Women’s Chapter of the Katipunan
They were limited to only the wives, daughters, or relatives of the members of the Katipunan. They
served as the watch during meetings of the Katipunan.
Prominent women were Josefa Rizal: President, Gregoria de Jesus: Vice President, Marina Dizon:
Secretary, Angelica Rizal Lopez: Fiscal.
Josefa Rizal and Gregoria de Jesus Secrecy In order to remain secret, they made different codes and
countersigns
 Codes of katipunan
Countersigns: When two members meet on the road, one member will put his right palm on his chest
and the other member will close his hand such that the index finger and thumb touch each other.
Review question

1. Explain the roles played by heroes in the breaking out of revolution?

2. Who betrayed the katipunan to the authorities?
3. What roles played by women in the katipunan?
4. What is the recruitment process in the membership of the katipunan?

A short discussion of each poem.

Last Poem of Rizal (Mi Ultimo Adios)
To The Philippines
Our Mother Tongue
Memories of My town
Hymn to Labor
Kundiman
A Poem That Has No Title
Song of Maria Clara
To the Philippines Youth
To Josephine
Education Gives Luster to the Motherland
To the Virgin Mary
Sa Aking mga Kabata
 
Lesson 15:                                       Chapter 12
The katipunan, the Revolution and Jose Rizal
Overview
Jose Rizal believe in revolution as the last recourse of the oppressed but he disapproved
waging the revolution Due to the unreadiness of the katipunan. Unfortunately the secret of
katipunan was prematurely divulged. Revolution spread, those implicated were either tortured
or executed, some opted for executive clemency, Betraying valuable information about the
secret organization known as katipunan.
 
The Katipunan was founded on the day Dr. Rizal was exiled Bonifacio sent Dr. Pio Valenzuela to
Dapitan to ask for Dr. Rizal’s opinion about the Revolution Dr. Pio Valenzuela
Rizal’s answer and the Revolution
Rizal said that a revolution without sufficient arms should not be started against an armed nation. He
suggested that they should find a way so that the elite of those times will join the Katipunan.
But Dr. Pio Valenzuela reasoned out that it would be difficult to make the elites join the poor. This was
one problem Rizal was not able to find a solution.
Katipunan led the Revolution
 
RESCUE ATTEMPTS BY THE KATIPUNAN:
The Katipunan- a secret revolutionary society founded by Bonifacio.
Dr. Pio Valenzuela- secret emissary of the Katipunan to Dapitan.
Persons who plotted to rescue Rizal from the cruiser, Castilla, which was then anchored at Manila
Bay:
Andres Bonifacio, Emilio Jacinto, Other brave Katipuneros
 
LAST TRIP TO SPAIN:
Cry of Balintawak- the cry that started the Philippine Revolution. (On 23 of August 1896, Bonifacio
and his fellow katipuneros tore their cedulas (residence certificate) during their revolution: & quote;
long live the Philippines. This was marked as the historic; Cry of Balintawak; which actually occurred
in Pugadlawin. Thus it is also called Sigaw ng Pugadlawin.
Fr. Mariano Gil- Augustinian parish priest of Tondo.
After the “the Cry of Balintawak”, Rizal receive letters from:
Governor Blanco- wishing him happiness.
Two additional letters from the Minister of War (General Marcelo de Azcarraga – Philippine-born
Spaniard and the Minister of Colonies.)
Isla de Panay- the steamer were Rizal board when he left for Spain.
 
RIZAL IN SINGAPORE:
Rizal’s fellow-passengers:
Don Pedro Roxas, Periquin
 
ARREST AND IMPRISONMENT:
Captain A. Alemany- a ship skipper who arrested Rizal.
General Despujol- the man who banished him to Dapitan in 1892 and now military Commander of
Cataluṅa which jurisdiction over Montjuich Castle.Colon- the steamer were Rizal board when he left
Barcelona.
 
UNSUCCESSFUL RESCUE IN SINGAPORE:
Persons who dispatched frantic telegrams:
Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez
Mr. Fort- an English lawyer in Singapore.
The dispatched frantic telegrams contains that Mr. Fort should rescue Rizal from the Spanish steamer
when it
reached Singapore by a writ of Habeas Corpus.
Habeas Corpus- is a  writ , or legal action, through which a prisoner can be released from unlawful
detention ,
that is, detention lacking sufficient cause or evidence.-
 
BACK TO MANILA:
Filipino Patriots, Deodato Arellano, Dr. Pio Valenzuela, Moises Salvador, Jose Dizon, Domingo
Franco
Timoteo Paez, Paciano was arrested and cruelly tortured.
 
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION:
Two kinds of evidence presented against Rizal, namely:
Documentary – consist of documents submitted as evidence or exhibit.
Testimonial – consist of oral statements submitted as evidence.
 

The Documentary Evidence consisted of fifteen exhibits as follows:

A letter of Antonio Luna to Mariano Ponce
A letter of Rizal to his family
A letter from Marcelo H. Del Pilar to Deodato Areliano
A poem entitled Kundiman
A letter of Carlos Oliver to an unidentified person
A Masonic document
A letter signed Dimasalang
A letter of Dimasalang to an unidentified committee
An anonymous and undated letter to the Editor of the Hongkong Telegraph
A letter of Ildefonso Laurel to Rizal
A letter of Rizal Segundo
A letter of Marcelo H. Del Pilar to Don Juan A. Tenluz
Transcript of a speech of Pingkian
Transcript of speech of Tik-Tik
A poem by Laong Laan
The testimonial evidence consists of the oral testimonies of:
Martin Constantino 8. Ambrosio Salvador
Aguedo Del Rosario 9. Pedro Serrano Laktaw
Jose Reyes 10. Dr. Pio Valenzuela
Moises Salvador 11. Antonio Salazar
Jose Dizon 12. Francisco Quison
Domingo Franco 13. Timoteo Paez
Deodato Arellano
Colonel Olive- transmitted the records of the case.
Governor Ramon Blanco- who, in turn, appointed Captain Rafael Dominguez as the Judge Advocate
to institute
the corresponding action against Rizal.
Don Nicolas de la Pena- Judge Advocate General, whom General Blanco transmitted the papers for
an opinion.
After studying the papers, Pena submitted the following recommendations:
The accused be immediately brought to trial.
He should be kept in prison.
An order of attachment be issued against his properties to the amount of one million pesos as
indemnity.
He should be defended in court by an army officer, not by a civilian lawyer.
 
RIZAL CHOOSES HIS DEFENDER
Don Luis Taviel de Andrade - 1 st Lieutenant of the Artillery, brother of Jose Taviel de
Andrade, the bodyguard of Rizal.
 
CHARGES READ TO RIZAL
December 11, the charges were read to Rizal in the presence of his counsel to questions asked,
Rizal replied:
He did not question the jurisdiction of the court.
He had nothing to amend, except that since his deportation to Dapitan in 1892 he had not engaged in
politics.
He did not admit the charges preferred against him.
He did not admit the declarations of the witness against him.
RIZAL MANIFESTO TO HIS PEOPLE:
RIZAL SADDEST CHRISTMAS:
He wrote a letter to Lt. Taviel de Andrade
 
THE TRIAL OF RIZAL:
December 26, 1896- the court martial of Rizal. Cuartel de Espana- military building.
Seven Members of the Military Court:
Lt. Col. Jose Togores Arjona (president)
Capt. Ricardo Munoz Arias
Capt. Manuel Reguera
Capt. Santiago Izquierdo Osorio
Capt. Braulio Rodriguez Nunez
Capt. Manuel Diaz Escribano
Capt. Fernando Perez Rodriguez
 
Also present in the courtroom were:
Dr. Jose Rizal (the accused)
Lt. Taviel de Andrade (his defense council)
Capt. Rafael Dominguez (Judge Advocate)
Lt. Enrique de Alcocer (prosecuting Attorney)
 
The Spectators
-Josephine Bracken
-a sister of Rizal
-some newspapermen
- Many Spaniards
 
Prosecuting Attorney Alcocer arose and delivered a long and bitter speech summarizing the charges
against Rizal and urged the court to give the verdict of death to the accused. The Spanish spectators
applauded noisily Alcocer’s petition for the sentence of death.
 
Rizal was accused of three crimes:
Rebellion, Sedition and illegal Association
Penalty: Rebellion and Sedition- was from life imprisonment to death.
Illegal Association- was correctional imprisonment and a fine of 325 to 3,250 pesetas.
In his supplementary defense he further proved his innocence by twelve points:
He could not be guilty of rebellion, for he advised Dr. Pio Valenzuela in Dapitan not to rise in
revolution.
He did not correspond with the radical, revolutionary elements.
The revolutionists used his name without his knowledge. If he were guilty he could have escaped in
Singapore.
If he had a hand in the revolution, he could have escaped in a Moro vinta and would not have built a
home, a hospital, and bought lands in Dapitan.
If he were the chief of the revolution, why was he not consulted by the revolutionists?
It was true he wrote the by-laws of the Liga-Filipina, but this is only a civic association – not a
revolutionary society.
The Liga Filipina did not live long, for after the first meeting he was banished to Dapitan and it died
out.
If the Liga was reorganized nine months later, he did not know about it.
The Liga did not serve the purpose of the revolutionists, otherwise they would not have supplanted it
with the Katipunan.
If it were true that there were some bitter comments in Rizal’s letters, it was because they were
written in 1890when his family was being persecuted, being dispossesssed of houses, warehouses,
lands, etc… and his brother and brother-in-law were deported.
His life in Dapitan had been exemplary as the politico-military commanders and missionary priests
could attest.
It was not true that the revolution was inspired by his one speech at the house of Doroteo Ongjunco,
as alleged by witnesses whom he would like to confront. His friends knew his opposition to armed
rebellion. Why did the Katipunan send an emissary to Dapitan who was unknown to him? Because
those who knew him were aware that he would never sanction any violent movement.
Lt. Col. Togores Arjona – considered the trial over and ordered the hall cleared.
 
Governor General POLAVIEJA SIGNS RIZAL’S EXECUTION
December 30 – the execution of Rizal at Bagumbayan Field (Luneta).
Review question
1.     What is a court martial? Was there due process in the trial of Jose Rizal case?
2.     What are the criminal charges against Jose Rizal?
3.     Explain what was the decision of court martial against Jose Rizal?
4.     What is the reasons why Jose Rizal was arrested and imprison?

Lesson 16:

Chapter 13

Jose Rizal’s Quotation, ideas, ideals

Overview

This chapter consist of the sayings, phrases and quotation that serves as the legacy of our national hero to the
entire Filipino race. This serves also as a reminders to all Filipinos that we should not forget our past In order
to know the future and direction of our country.

Rizal's Retraction: Introduction

This section presents contrasting views on the retraction by biographers of Rizal. The team deemed it proper
to present the views in the exact words of the scholars so as to avoid misinterpretations.

Read on and judge for yourself whether Rizal retracted or not.

Analysis Rizal's Retraction

At least four texts of Rizal’s retraction have surfaced. The fourth text appeared in El Imparcial on the day after
Rizal’s execution; it is the short formula of the retraction.

The first text was published in La Voz Española and Diaro de Manila on the very day of Rizal’s execution, Dec.
30, 1896. The second text appeared in Barcelona, Spain, on February 14, 1897, in the fortnightly magazine in
La Juventud; it came from an anonymous writer who revealed himself fourteen years later as Fr. Balaguer. The
"original" text was discovered in the archdiocesan archives on May 18, 1935, after it disappeared for thirty-
nine years from the afternoon of the day when Rizal was shot.

We know not that reproductions of the lost original had been made by a copyist who could imitate Rizal’s
handwriting. This fact is revealed by Fr. Balaguer himself who, in his letter to his former superior Fr. Pio Pi in
1910, said that he had received "an exact copy of the retraction written and signed by Rizal. The handwriting
of this copy I don’t know nor do I remember whose it is. . ." He proceeded: "I even suspect that it might have
been written by Rizal himself. I am sending it to you that you may . . . verify whether it might be of Rizal
himself . . . ." Fr. Pi was not able to verify it in his sworn statement.

This "exact" copy had been received by Fr. Balaguer in the evening immediately preceding Rizal’s execution,
Rizal y su Obra, and was followed by Sr. W. Retana in his biography of Rizal, Vida y Escritos Del Jose Rizal with
the addition of the names of the witnesses taken from the texts of the retraction in the Manila newspapers.
Fr. Pi’s copy of Rizal’s retraction has the same text as that of Fr. Balaguer’s "exact" copy but follows the
paragraphing of the texts of Rizal’s retraction in the Manila newspapers.

Regarding the "original" text, no one claimed to have seen it, except the publishers of La Voz Espanola. That
newspaper reported: "Still more; we have seen and read his (Rizal’s) own hand-written retraction which he
sent to our dear and venerable Archbishop…" On the other hand, Manila pharmacist F. Stahl wrote in a letter:
"besides, nobody has seen this written declaration, in spite of the fact that quite a number of people would
want to see it.”For example, not only Rizal’s family but also the correspondents in Manila of the newspapers in
Madrid, Don Manuel Alhama of El Imparcial and Sr. Santiago Mataix of El Heraldo, were not able to see the
hand-written retraction.

Neither Fr. Pi nor His Grace the Archbishop ascertained whether Rizal himself was the one who wrote and
signed the retraction. (Ascertaining the document was necessary because it was possible for one who could
imitate Rizal’s handwriting aforesaid holograph; and keeping a copy of the same for our archives, I myself
delivered it personally that the same morning to His Grace Archbishop… His Grace testified: At once the
undersigned entrusted this holograph to Rev. Thomas Gonzales Feijoo, secretary of the Chancery." After that,
the documents could not be seen by those who wanted to examine it and was finally considered lost after
efforts to look for it proved futile.

On May 18, 1935, the lost "original" document of Rizal’s retraction was discovered by the archdiocesan
archivist Fr. Manuel Garcia, C.M. The discovery, instead of ending doubts about Rizal’s retraction, has in fact
encouraged it because the newly discovered text retraction differs significantly from the text found in the
Jesuits’ and the Archbishop’s copies. And, the fact that the texts of the retraction which appeared in the
Manila newspapers could be shown to be the exact copies of the "original" but only imitations of it. This
means that the friars who controlled the press in Manila (for example, La Voz Española) had the "original"
while the Jesuits had only the imitations.

We now proceed to show the significant differences between the "original" and the Manila newspapers texts
of the retraction on the one hand and the text s of the copies of Fr. Balaguer and F5r. Pio Pi on the other hand.

First, instead of the words "mi cualidad" (with "u") which appear in the original and the newspaper texts, the
Jesuits’ copies have "mi calidad" (with "u").

Second, the Jesuits’ copies of the retraction omit the word "Catolica" after the first "Iglesias" which are found
in the original and the newspaper texts.

Third, the Jesuits’ copies of the retraction add before the third "Iglesias" the word "misma" which is not found
in the original and the newspaper texts of the retraction.
Fourth, with regards to paragraphing which immediately strikes the eye of the critical reader, Fr. Balaguer’s
text does not begin the second paragraph until the fifth sentences while the original and the newspaper copies
start the second paragraph immediately with the second sentences.

Fifth, whereas the texts of the retraction in the original and in the manila newspapers have only four commas,
the text of Fr. Balaguer’s copy has eleven commas.

Sixth, the most important of all, Fr. Balaguer’s copy did not have the names of the witnesses from the texts of
the newspapers in Manila.

In his notarized testimony twenty years later, Fr. Balaguer finally named the witnesses. He said "This . . .
retraction was signed together with Dr. Rizal by Señor Fresno, Chief of the Picket, and Señor Moure, Adjutant
of the Plaza." However, the proceeding quotation only proves itself to be an addition to the original.
Moreover, in his letter to Fr. Pi in 1910, Fr. Balaguer said that he had the "exact" copy of the retraction, which
was signed by Rizal, but he made no mention of the witnesses. In his accounts too, no witnesses signed the
retraction.

How did Fr. Balaguer obtain his copy of Rizal’s retraction? Fr. Balaguer never alluded to having himself made a
copy of the retraction although he claimed that the Archbishop prepared a long formula of the retraction and
Fr. Pi a short formula. In Fr. Balaguer’s earliest account, it is not yet clear whether Fr. Balaguer was using the
long formula of nor no formula in dictating to Rizal what to write. According to Fr. Pi, in his own account of
Rizal’s conversion in 1909, Fr. Balaguer dictated from Fr. Pi’s short formula previously approved by the
Archbishop. In his letter to Fr. Pi in 1910, Fr. Balaguer admitted that he dictated to Rizal the short formula
prepared by Fr. Pi; however; he contradicts himself when he revealed that the "exact" copy came from the
Archbishop. The only copy, which Fr. Balaguer wrote, is the one that appeared ion his earliest account of
Rizal’s retraction.

Where did Fr. Balaguer’s "exact" copy come from? We do not need long arguments to answer this question,
because Fr. Balaguer himself has unwittingly answered this question. He said in his letter to Fr. Pi in 1910:

"…I preserved in my keeping and am sending to you the original texts of the two formulas of retraction, which
they (You) gave me; that from you and that of the Archbishop, and the first with the changes which they (that
is, you) made; and the other the exact copy of the retraction written and signed by Rizal. The handwriting of
this copy I don’t know nor do I remember whose it is, and I even suspect that it might have been written by
Rizal himself."

In his own word quoted above, Fr. Balaguer said that he received two original texts of the retraction. The first,
which came from Fr. Pi, contained "the changes which you (Fr. Pi) made"; the other, which is "that of the
Archbishop" was "the exact copy of the retraction written and signed by Rizal" (underscoring supplied). Fr.
Balaguer said that the "exact copy" was "written and signed by Rizal" but he did not say "written and signed by
Rizal and himself" (the absence of the reflexive pronoun "himself" could mean that another person-the
copyist-did not). He only "suspected" that "Rizal himself" much as Fr. Balaguer did "not know nor
...remember" whose handwriting it was.

Thus, according to Fr. Balaguer, the "exact copy" came from the Archbishop! He called it "exact" because, not
having seen the original himself, he was made to believe that it was the one that faithfully reproduced the
original in comparison to that of Fr. Pi in which "changes" (that is, where deviated from the "exact" copy) had
been made. Actually, the difference between that of the Archbishop (the "exact" copy) and that of Fr. Pi (with
"changes") is that the latter was "shorter" because it omitted certain phrases found in the former so that, as
Fr. Pi had fervently hoped, Rizal would sign it.

According to Fr. Pi, Rizal rejected the long formula so that Fr. Balaguer had to dictate from the short formula
of Fr. Pi. Allegedly, Rizal wrote down what was dictated to him but he insisted on adding the phrases "in which
I was born and educated" and "[Masonary]" as the enemy that is of the Church" – the first of which Rizal
would have regarded as unnecessary and the second as downright contrary to his spirit. However, what
actually would have happened, if we are to believe the fictitious account, was that Rizal’s addition of the
phrases was the retoration of the phrases found in the original which had been omitted in Fr. Pi’s short
formula.

The "exact" copy was shown to the military men guarding in Fort Santiago to convince them that Rizal had
retracted. Someone read it aloud in the hearing of Capt. Dominguez, who claimed in his "Notes’ that Rizal read
aloud his retraction. However, his copy of the retraction proved him wrong because its text (with "u") and
omits the word "Catolica" as in Fr. Balaguer’s copy but which are not the case in the original. Capt. Dominguez
never claimed to have seen the retraction: he only "heard".

The truth is that, almost two years before his execution, Rizal had written a retraction in Dapitan. Very early in
1895, Josephine Bracken came to Dapitan with her adopted father who wanted to be cured of his blindness by
Dr. Rizal; their guide was Manuela Orlac, who was agent and a mistress of a friar. Rizal fell in love with
Josephine and wanted to marry her canonically but he was required to sign a profession of faith and to write
retraction, which had to be approved by the Bishop of Cebu. "Spanish law had established civil marriage in the
Philippines," Prof. Craig wrote, but the local government had not provided any way for people to avail
themselves of the right..."

In order to marry Josephine, Rizal wrote with the help of a priest a form of retraction to be approved by the
Bishop of Cebu. This incident was revealed by Fr. Antonio Obach to his friend Prof. Austin Craig who wrote
down in 1912 what the priest had told him; "The document (the retraction), enclosed with the priest’s letter,
was ready for the mail when Rizal came hurrying I to reclaim it." Rizal realized (perhaps, rather late) that he
had written and given to a priest what the friars had been trying by all means to get from him.

Neither the Archbishop nor Fr. Pi saw the original document of retraction. What they was saw a copy done by
one who could imitate Rizal’s handwriting while the original (almost eaten by termites) was kept by some
friars. Both the Archbishop and Fr. Pi acted innocently because they did not distinguish between the genuine
and the imitation of Rizal’s handwriting.

Rizal's Famous Quotations

"Ang hindi magmahal sa sariling wika, daig pa ang hayop at malansang isda."

"He who does not love his own language is worse than an animal and smelly fish."

"It is a useless life that is not consecrated to a great ideal. It is like a stone wasted on the field without
becoming a part of any edifice."
"While a people preserves its language; it preserves the marks of liberty."

"There can be no tyrants where there are no slaves."

"Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinangalingan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan."

"He who does not know how to look back at where he came from will never get to his destination."

"The youth is the hope of our future."

Question 1

Republic Act 1425, mandates the study of life, works and writings of Jose Rizal?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 2

The live in partner of Jose Rizal in Dapitan?

Response: Josephine Bracken

Correct answer: Josephine Bracken

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 3

Jose Rizal had a great painting ability displayed in one of the churches in Dapitan?

Response: True
Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 4

What difference exist between Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio?

Response: Rizal wants a bloody revolution while Bonifacio want a peaceful one.

Correct answer: Bonifacio wants a bloody revolution while Rizal want a peaceful one.

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 5

the women's chapter of the katipunan were limited to relatives and friends of the katipunan members?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 6

The quest for truth in the life of Jose Rizal means?

Response: He should seek the truth through education

Correct answer: He should seek the truth through education

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 7

it is one of the personalities of jose Rizal because he can speak more than 22 foreign languages?

Response: linguist

Correct answer: linguist

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 8

it is a novel that forecast the inevitability of a revolution?

Response: El Filibusterismo

Correct answer: El Filibusterismo

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 9

the main character in the novel noli me tangere whose main objective is the welfare of the youth as the hope of the
fatherland?

Response: kapitan Tiyago

Correct answer: Ibarra

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 10

the seventh child of the Rizal-Mercado family?

Response: Jose

Correct answer: Jose

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 11

name of vessel when Jose Rizal left the country for Spain during his first foreign travel?

Response: Salvadora

Correct answer: Salvadora

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 12

name of the academic institution where Jose Rizal enrolled and finished his medicine and became a medical
practitioner?

Response: Universidad central de Madrid

Correct answer: Universidad central de Madrid

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 13

A civic society founded by Jose Rizal to unite the Filipinos upon his arrival in Manila?

Response: la lliga filipina

Correct answer: la lliga filipina

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 14

Why there are revolutions during Spanish time?

Response: all of the above

Correct answer: all of the above

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 15

One of the writings of Jose Rizal in abroad is the indolence of the Filipinos?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 16

She died broken hearted due to his failure of marriage with Jose Rizal?

Response: Leonor Rivera

Correct answer: Leonor Rivera

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 17

Basis of Jose Rizal in writing the noli me tangere is about the book regarding discrimination between the white and the
black Americans?

Response: indolence of the filipinos

Correct answer: Uncle tom's cabin

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 18

The mother of Jose Rizal hates gossip and values time?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 19

He served as inspiration of the katipunan due to his unjust execution?

Response: Andres Bonifacio

Correct answer: Jose Rizal

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 20

the person who found and condemned the novel noli me tangere, as heretical, impious, scandalous unpatriotic, and
subversive of public order?

Response: Pedro Payo

Correct answer: Pedro Payo

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 21

the birthplace of Jose Rizal?

Response: Calamba, Laguna

Correct answer: Calamba, Laguna

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 22
Medicine was the course taken by Jose Rizal in order to,

Response: cure cancer

Correct answer: restore the eyesight of his mother

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 23

Why did Andres Bonifacio organize the katipunan?

Response: the propaganda movement had failed

Correct answer: All of the above

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 24

Saturnina, of the sisters of Jose Rizal who died and is said to have been his first sorrow?

Response: True

Correct answer: False

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 25

he was an industrious farmer and model of all fathers of Jose Rizal?

Response: Francisco Mercado

Correct answer: Francisco Mercado

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 26

Jose Rizal had a good shell collection in dapitan?

Response: concologist

Correct answer: concologist

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 27

the birthplace of the great grandfather of Jose Rizal?

Response: Beijing, China

Correct answer: Amoy, China

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 28

University of Santo Thomas is the oldest royal pontifical University in the Philippines?
Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 29

The Jesuits friars suggested that Jose Rizal be deported to a remote place known as,

Response: madrid, Spain

Correct answer: Dapitan

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 30

Jose Rizal had no intention to get married Josephine in Dapitan?

Response: True

Correct answer: False

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 31

statement 1; arts and literature are potent instruments of propaganda.

statement 2; Jose Rizal had a natural inclination in arts and letters.

Response: both statement

Correct answer: both statement

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 32

Filibustero is a term which means subversive?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 33

Binan, laguna is the birthplace of Jose Rizal?

Response: False

Correct answer: False

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 34

Monica is the second wife of Andres Bonifacio in the katipunan?

Response: True
Correct answer: False

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 35

What was exposed by Jose Rizal in the novel noli me tangere?

Response: The revolutionary movement in the Philippines.

Correct answer: The strength and weaknesses of the Filipinos.

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 36

The person recommended by Jose Rizal to lead the revolution in case it will break out due to his knowledge of military
science and tactics?

Response: Pio Valenzuela

Correct answer: Antonio Luna

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 37

The La Liga filipina was planned to be established in the Philippines as a civic organization, Who founded the la liga
filipina?

Response: Jose Rizal

Correct answer: Jose Rizal

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 38

Jose Rizal is not in favor of the revolution planned by the katipunan because of the,

Response: unpreparedness of the katipunan for an armed revolution

Correct answer: All of the above

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 39

Jose Rizal instructed Pio Valenzuela in dapitan that knowledge of military science and tactics is important for a
revolution to be successful?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 40

Josephine Bracken died upon delivery of a baby boy in Dapitan?

Response: True
Correct answer: False

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 41

He is considered as savior of noli me tangere due to his financial support?

Response: Valentin Ventura

Correct answer: Maximo Viola

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 42

the bully classmate of Jose Rizal wherein he was challenged to an arm wrestling?

Response: lucas Padua

Correct answer: Andres

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 43

the mother of Jose Rizal is more intelligent than the father hence, a domineering wife?

Response: True

Correct answer: False

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 44

the place where Jose Rizal finished writing half of the novel noli me tangere?

Response: Barcelona, Spain

Correct answer: Madrid, Spain

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 45

the first Philippine revolution initiated by Bonifacio was a failure due to,

Response: wealthy filipinos voluntarily signed their intention to join in the katipunan

Correct answer: implicate the wealthy filipinos who refuse to join in the katipunan

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 46

the true love of Jose Rizal whom he dedicated his whole life?

Response: leonor Rivera

Correct answer: leonor Rivera

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 47

the person whom Consuelo Ortega married instead of Jose Rizal?

Response: Eduardo de lete

Correct answer: Eduardo de lete

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 48

Jose Rizal considered the millennials as the hope of the fatherland?

Response: sociologist

Correct answer: youth leader

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 49

the theme for both novels, noli me tangere and el filibusterismo deals with the greed for power?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 50

the famous eye clinic in hendelberg, Germany where Jose Rizal gain more experience?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: Otto Becker

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 51

the novel El filibusterismo predicted the outbreak of a revolution?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 52

Ferdinand Blumentrit is considered the youth as the hope of the fatherland?

Response: True

Correct answer: False

Score: 0 out of 1 No
Question 53

Jose Rizal is in favor of a revolution initiated by the katipunan?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: False

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 54

the place of detention of Jose Rizal before his death and execution?

Response: Fort Santiago

Correct answer: Fort Santiago

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 55

Which of the statement could support the fact that Jose Rizal could be linked to the armed revolution in the country?

Response: The Philippines was the first in Asia to stage a revolution against colonial power.

Correct answer: Jose Rizal idead and ideals served as the seeds of revolution

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 56
It was Josephine Bracken who decides the deportation of Jose Rizal in Dapitan?

Response: True

Correct answer: False

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 57

Jose Rizal is not in favor of a revolution except,

Response: [none]

Correct answer: lack of women

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 58

the big head of infant Jose Rizal is a sign of being intelligent and bright?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: False

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 59

the age of Jose Rizal when he was executed and sentence death?
Response: [none]

Correct answer: 35

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 60

it is the place where Jose Rizal met Josephine Bracken and proposes marriage?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: Dapitan

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 61

Arrogance and gossiping were forbidden by Jose Rizal parents?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: True

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 62

Reading books of famous philosopher fed Jose Rizal's intellectual curiosity?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: True

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 63

The youngest child of the Mercado-Rizal family?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: soledad

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 64

At age 5, Jose Rizal is already certain he would become a Hero?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: False

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 65

the person who said, that Jose Rizal was the greatest product of the Philippines and his coming to the world was like an
appearance of a rare comet?

Response: [none]
Correct answer: Ferdinand Blumentritt

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 66

What similarities exist between Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: They want the Philippines to be separated from Spain.

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 67

Jose Rizal monument at Luneta was created by a Swiss national?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: henry kissling

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 68

Jose Rizal believe that you cannot stop a determine man from success?

Response: [none]
Correct answer: True

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 69

One of the romantic flings of Jose Rizal in Madrid, Spain?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: Consuelo Ortega

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 70

the triangle method was used in the recruitment of the katipunan as an organization?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: True

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 71

lover of truth as one of the personality of Jose Rizal means the practice of art of persuasion and public speaking?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: False

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 72

the katipunan commissioned this kind of person to smuggled Jose Rizal in Dapitan?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: Pio Valenzuela

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 73

Revolution is the last recourse of the oppress people according to Josephine Bracken?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: False

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 74

the tutor and former classmate of Jose Rizal father?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: Leon Monroy

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 75

Teodora Alonzo was a strict disciplinarian and a woman of few words?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: False

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 76

the parish priest who officiated the baptism of Jose Rizal in calamba, Laguna?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: father Rufino Collantes

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 77

the objectives of the katipunan is to win the Philippine independence by means of a revolution?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: True

Score: 0 out of 1 No
Question 78

who was the eldest sister of Jose Rizal?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: saturnina

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 79

Jose Rizal is known as a reformist because?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: All of the above

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 80

A happy life for Jose Rizal means power and wealth?

Response: [none]

Correct answer: False

Score: 0 out of 1 No
Question 1

statement 1; arts and literature are potent instruments of propaganda.

statement 2; Jose Rizal had a natural inclination in arts and letters.

Response: both statement

Correct answer: both statement

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 2

the true love of Jose Rizal whom he dedicated his whole life?

Response: leonor Rivera

Correct answer: leonor Rivera

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 3

Jose Rizal is in favor of a revolution initiated by the katipunan?

Response: False

Correct answer: False

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 4

Reading books of famous philosopher fed Jose Rizal's intellectual curiosity?

Response: False

Correct answer: True

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 5

Republic Act 1425, mandates the study of life, works and writings of Jose Rizal?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 6

lover of truth as one of the personality of Jose Rizal means the practice of art of persuasion and public speaking?

Response: False

Correct answer: False

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 7
What similarities exist between Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio?

Response: They want the Philippines to be separated from Spain.

Correct answer: They want the Philippines to be separated from Spain.

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 8

he was an industrious farmer and model of all fathers of Jose Rizal?

Response: Francisco Mercado

Correct answer: Francisco Mercado

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 9

Jose Rizal instructed Pio Valenzuela in dapitan that knowledge of military science and tactics is important for a
revolution to be successful?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 10

the parish priest who officiated the baptism of Jose Rizal in calamba, Laguna?
Response: father Rufino Collantes

Correct answer: father Rufino Collantes

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 11

the objectives of the katipunan is to win the Philippine independence by means of a revolution?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 12

Monica is the second wife of Andres Bonifacio in the katipunan?

Response: False

Correct answer: False

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 13

Jose Rizal monument at Luneta was created by a Swiss national?

Response: henry kissling

Correct answer: henry kissling

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 14

Jose Rizal believe that you cannot stop a determine man from success?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 15

The mother of Jose Rizal hates gossip and values time?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 16

He served as inspiration of the katipunan due to his unjust execution?

Response: Andres Bonifacio

Correct answer: Jose Rizal

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 17

name of the academic institution where Jose Rizal enrolled and finished his medicine and became a medical
practitioner?

Response: Universidad central de Madrid

Correct answer: Universidad central de Madrid

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 18

Why there are revolutions during Spanish time?

Response: all of the above

Correct answer: all of the above

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 19

Josephine Bracken died upon delivery of a baby boy in Dapitan?

Response: False
Correct answer: False

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 20

the place where Jose Rizal finished writing half of the novel noli me tangere?

Response: Germany

Correct answer: Madrid, Spain

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 21

Jose Rizal had a great painting ability displayed in one of the churches in Dapitan?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 22

A happy life for Jose Rizal means power and wealth?

Response: False

Correct answer: False

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 23

One of the romantic flings of Jose Rizal in Madrid, Spain?

Response: Consuelo Ortega

Correct answer: Consuelo Ortega

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 24

the age of Jose Rizal when he was executed and sentence death?

Response: 35

Correct answer: 35

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 25

the bully classmate of Jose Rizal wherein he was challenged to an arm wrestling?

Response: Andres

Correct answer: Andres

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 26

the person who found and condemned the novel noli me tangere, as heretical, impious, scandalous unpatriotic, and
subversive of public order?

Response: Pedro Payo

Correct answer: Pedro Payo

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 27

Jose Rizal is not in favor of the revolution planned by the katipunan because of the,

Response: All of the above

Correct answer: All of the above

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 28

the women's chapter of the katipunan were limited to relatives and friends of the katipunan members?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 29

Jose Rizal considered the millennials as the hope of the fatherland?

Response: youth leader

Correct answer: youth leader

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 30

the big head of infant Jose Rizal is a sign of being intelligent and bright?

Response: False

Correct answer: False

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 31

Jose Rizal is known as a reformist because?

Response: All of the above

Correct answer: All of the above

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 32

the katipunan commissioned this kind of person to smuggled Jose Rizal in Dapitan?

Response: Pio Valenzuela

Correct answer: Pio Valenzuela

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 33

the birthplace of Jose Rizal?

Response: Calamba, Laguna

Correct answer: Calamba, Laguna

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 34

The person recommended by Jose Rizal to lead the revolution in case it will break out due to his knowledge of military
science and tactics?

Response: Antonio Luna

Correct answer: Antonio Luna

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 35
The youngest child of the Mercado-Rizal family?

Response: soledad

Correct answer: soledad

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 36

the seventh child of the Rizal-Mercado family?

Response: Jose

Correct answer: Jose

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 37

A civic society founded by Jose Rizal to unite the Filipinos upon his arrival in Manila?

Response: propaganda movement

Correct answer: la lliga filipina

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 38

the famous eye clinic in hendelberg, Germany where Jose Rizal gain more experience?
Response: Otto Becker

Correct answer: Otto Becker

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 39

Ferdinand Blumentrit is considered the youth as the hope of the fatherland?

Response: False

Correct answer: False

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 40

She died broken hearted due to his failure of marriage with Jose Rizal?

Response: Leonor Rivera

Correct answer: Leonor Rivera

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 41

Why did Andres Bonifacio organize the katipunan?

Response: All of the above

Correct answer: All of the above

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 42

the person who said, that Jose Rizal was the greatest product of the Philippines and his coming to the world was like an
appearance of a rare comet?

Response: Ferdinand Blumentritt

Correct answer: Ferdinand Blumentritt

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 43

Filibustero is a term which means subversive?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 44

the novel El filibusterismo predicted the outbreak of a revolution?

Response: True
Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 45

Jose Rizal is not in favor of a revolution except,

Response: lack of women

Correct answer: lack of women

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 46

The quest for truth in the life of Jose Rizal means?

Response: He should seek for economic prosperity

Correct answer: He should seek the truth through education

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 47

who was the eldest sister of Jose Rizal?

Response: saturnina
Correct answer: saturnina

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 48

it is the place where Jose Rizal met Josephine Bracken and proposes marriage?

Response: Dapitan

Correct answer: Dapitan

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 49

Saturnina, of the sisters of Jose Rizal who died and is said to have been his first sorrow?

Response: False

Correct answer: False

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 50

The live in partner of Jose Rizal in Dapitan?

Response: Josephine Bracken

Correct answer: Josephine Bracken

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 51

the mother of Jose Rizal is more intelligent than the father hence, a domineering wife?

Response: True

Correct answer: False

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 52

Jose Rizal had a good shell collection in dapitan?

Response: concologist

Correct answer: concologist

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 53

Teodora Alonzo was a strict disciplinarian and a woman of few words?

Response: False

Correct answer: False

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 54

He is considered as savior of noli me tangere due to his financial support?

Response: Maximo Viola

Correct answer: Maximo Viola

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 55

the birthplace of the great grandfather of Jose Rizal?

Response: Amoy, China

Correct answer: Amoy, China

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 56

the place of detention of Jose Rizal before his death and execution?

Response: Fort Santiago

Correct answer: Fort Santiago

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 57

Medicine was the course taken by Jose Rizal in order to,

Response: restore the eyesight of his mother

Correct answer: restore the eyesight of his mother

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 58

the main character in the novel noli me tangere whose main objective is the welfare of the youth as the hope of the
fatherland?

Response: Ibarra

Correct answer: Ibarra

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 59

the theme for both novels, noli me tangere and el filibusterismo deals with the greed for power?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 60

The Jesuits friars suggested that Jose Rizal be deported to a remote place known as,

Response: Dapitan

Correct answer: Dapitan

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 61

the triangle method was used in the recruitment of the katipunan as an organization?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 62

name of vessel when Jose Rizal left the country for Spain during his first foreign travel?

Response: Salvadora

Correct answer: Salvadora

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 63
it is one of the personalities of jose Rizal because he can speak more than 22 foreign languages?

Response: linguist

Correct answer: linguist

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 64

Which of the statement could support the fact that Jose Rizal could be linked to the armed revolution in the country?

Response: Jose Rizal is very persistent in achieving philippine independence

Correct answer: Jose Rizal idead and ideals served as the seeds of revolution

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 65

University of Santo Thomas is the oldest royal pontifical University in the Philippines?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 66

What difference exist between Jose Rizal and Andres Bonifacio?

Response: Bonifacio wants a bloody revolution while Rizal want a peaceful one.

Correct answer: Bonifacio wants a bloody revolution while Rizal want a peaceful one.

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 67

What was exposed by Jose Rizal in the novel noli me tangere?

Response: The strength and weaknesses of the Filipinos.

Correct answer: The strength and weaknesses of the Filipinos.

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 68

it is a novel that forecast the inevitability of a revolution?

Response: El Filibusterismo

Correct answer: El Filibusterismo

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 69

Revolution is the last recourse of the oppress people according to Josephine Bracken?
Response: False

Correct answer: False

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 70

Arrogance and gossiping were forbidden by Jose Rizal parents?

Response: True

Correct answer: True

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 71

At age 5, Jose Rizal is already certain he would become a Hero?

Response: False

Correct answer: False

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 72

Binan, laguna is the birthplace of Jose Rizal?

Response: False
Correct answer: False

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 73

the tutor and former classmate of Jose Rizal father?

Response: Leon Monroy

Correct answer: Leon Monroy

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 74

It was Josephine Bracken who decides the deportation of Jose Rizal in Dapitan?

Response: False

Correct answer: False

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 75

The La Liga filipina was planned to be established in the Philippines as a civic organization, Who founded the la liga
filipina?

Response: Jose Rizal

Correct answer: Jose Rizal

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 76

Jose Rizal had no intention to get married Josephine in Dapitan?

Response: False

Correct answer: False

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 77

One of the writings of Jose Rizal in abroad is the indolence of the Filipinos?

Response: False

Correct answer: True

Score: 0 out of 1 No

Question 78

the person whom Consuelo Ortega married instead of Jose Rizal?

Response: Eduardo de lete

Correct answer: Eduardo de lete

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 79

Basis of Jose Rizal in writing the noli me tangere is about the book regarding discrimination between the white and the
black Americans?

Response: Uncle tom's cabin

Correct answer: Uncle tom's cabin

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes

Question 80

the first Philippine revolution initiated by Bonifacio was a failure due to,

Response: implicate the wealthy filipinos who refuse to join in the katipunan

Correct answer: implicate the wealthy filipinos who refuse to join in the katipunan

Score: 1 out of 1 Yes