ST.
JOHN’S SCHOOL
GREATER NOIDA WEST
CLASS VIII
SOCIAL SCIENCE (SOCIAL AND POLITICAL LIFE)
CHAPTER 4-JUDICIARY
ASSIGNMENT SHEET (ANSWERS)
Q1. What do you understand by law?
A1. Law is a system of rules that are created and enforced through social or governmental
institutions to regulate behavior.
Q2. India has an integrated judicial system. Explain
A2. In India, we have an integrated judicial system, meaning that the decisions made by higher
courts are binding on the lower courts. Another way to understand this integration is through the
appellate system that exists in India. This means that a person can appeal to a higher court if they
believe that the judgment passed by the lower court is not just.
Q3. Differentiate between Civil Law and Criminal Law.
S.
Civil Law Criminal Law
No.
Deals with any injury or harm to the rights of Deals with acts or conducts that are
1. individuals. Example- divorce cases, land identified as offences. E.g. Murder,
related matters, purchase of goods, etc. harassing a lady for dowry, theft, etc.
Only the affected party can file a petition Firstly, a First Information Report (FIR)
before the relevant court. If the matter is has to be filed before the Police officials
2.
related to rent, either tenant or landlord can file who will investigate the matter. After
a case. that, a case is filed in the court.
The court provides special relief that has been
asked for. For example, if a case is between If the accused is proven guilty, then he
3.
landlord and tenant, the court can either order is sent to jail.
to pay the remaining dues or to vacate the flat.
Q4.Explain independent judiciary .
A4.
1. The Indian Constitution provides for the independence of the judiciary.
2. It means that other branches of the State such as the legislature and the executive cannot
interfere in the work of the judiciary.
3. The courts are not under the government and do not act on their behalf.
4. The courts ensure that there is no misuse of power of the legislature and the executive.
5. Anyone can approach the courts if they find that their Fundamental Rights have been
violated. Thus, the courts are not influenced by anyone, not even by the rich and powerful
people..
Q5.Re-read the list of Fundamental Rights provided in Chapter 1. How do you think the
Right to Constitutional Remedies connects to the idea of judicial review?
A5.
Judicial review of court decisions is carried out when the judgment given by a court violates any
constitutional provision. In the Constitution, every citizen has equal rights and none can be
discriminated against. If there is any violation, the judiciary is free to review the earlier
judgments even by’ the Supreme Court.
Q6. Name the different levels of Courts in India.
A6.
Q7. Why do you think the introduction of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the 1980s is a
significant step in ensuring access to justice for all?
A7.
Before the 1980s filing of litigation into the courts was very costly.
The poor could not afford to go to courts.
Since the 1980s, the people can file their case through a letter or a telegram addressed to
the Supreme Court or the High Courts without spending any money. The Courts take it as
PIL (Public Interest Litigation).
Thus, it is a significant step in ensuring access to justice to all the citizens.
Q8. What is the appellate system?
A8. This means that a person can appeal to a higher court if they believe that the judgment
passed by the lower court is not just.
Q9. In what ways is the Supreme Court, the guardian of Fundamental Rights?
A9. Supreme Court acts as a guardian of fundamental rights as it ensures that people are able to
practice their rights in the required manner. Every citizen of India can approach the Supreme Court
or the High Court if they believe that their Fundamental Rights have been violated.
Q10. What is “to appeal” in the matter of courts?
A10. The process of applying to a higher court for a reversal of the verdict given by a lower
court is called as “to appeal”.
Q11.Which court is the apex court of India?
A11. The Supreme Court of India is the apex court or the highest court of India.
Q12. Who is the present Chief Justice of India?
A12. Sharad Arvind Bobde is the present Chief Justice Of India.
