LINEAR ALGEBRA
Assignment 6
Submission deadline: 21-May-2020
Semester: 2nd Semester
Batch: BSEE-19
Assignment outcome matching with: CLO-1
Total marks: 100
Note: You should not be in possession of any implementation related to the assignment, other
than your own. In case of any confusion please reach out to the TA.
Basic Math Operations
Example. 1
a = 3;
b = 9;
c = 2*a+b^2-a*b+b/a-10
Output:
53
Example 2
a = 3;
Square_equals = a*a
Cube_equals = a*a*a
square_root = sqrt(a)
Output
Square_equals = 9
Cube_equals = 27
square_root = 1.7321
Example 3
a = 3;
Square_equals = a^2
Cube_equals = a^3
square_root = a^(0.5)
Output
Square_equals = 9
Cube_equals = 27
square_root = 1.7321
Example. 4 Arrays addition (Row vector)
a = [3 6 7];
b = [1 9 4];
c=a+b
Note: Both a and b are given as a three-element array. In the third line, the operation of "a+b" results
in element-by-element addition
Output
4 15 11
Example. 5 Extracting an individual element of an array
a = [3 6 7];
b = [1 9 4 5];
c = a(2) + b(4)
Output
c = 11
Example. 6 Intrinsic math functions and constants
x = pi
y = sin(pi/2)
z=
Output:
x = 3.1416
y=1
z = 0.3679
Basic looping
The for loop
Example. 7 Loop: Using for command
b = 3;
for k = 1:5
end
0utput
3
Example. 8 Loop: Using for command
b = 3;
for k = 1:5
b^k
end
output
3
27
81
243
Example. 8 Loop: Using for command
sum1 = 0;
for k = 1:9
sum1 = sum1+k;
end
sum1
Output:
45
Example.9 Using for command
sum1 = 0;
for k = 1:2:9
sum1 = sum1+k;
end
sum1
Output
25
Example. 10 Treatment of array within a loop
b = [3 8 9 4 7 5];
sum1 = 0;
for k = 1:4
sum1 = sum1+b(k);
end
sum
Note: It is also called as sum of all elements of roe vector b
Output
24
Example. 11 Treatment of array within a loop
b = [3 8 9 4 7 5];
sum1 = 0;
for k = 1:2:5
sum1 = sum1+b(k);
end
sum1
output
19
Example. 12 Double loop
sum1 = 0;
for n = 1:2
for m = 1:3
sum1 = sum1+n*m;
end
end
sum1
output
18
Example. 13 Double loop
for n = 1:2
for m = 1:3
n
m
printf('next step\n')
end
end
output
n= 1
m= 1
next step
n= 1
m= 2
next step
n= 1
m= 3
next step
n= 2
m= 1
next step
n= 2
m= 2
next step
n= 2
m= 3
Example. 14 More complicated use of loop and index
b = [2 5 7 4 9 8 3];
c = [2 3 5 7];
sum1 = 0;
for k = 1:4
sum1 = sum1+b(c(k));
end
sum1
output
24
Note: This program performs the summation of
sum1 = b (c (1)) +b (c (2)) +b (c (3)) +b (c (4))
= b (2) +b (3) +b (5) +b (7)
= 5+7+9+3
= 24
Basic branching
Example. 15 Basic branching
num1 = 7;
if (num1 > 5)
fprintf('%4u is greater than 5 \r', num1)
else
fprintf('%4u is less than or equal to 5 \r', num1)
end
Output:
7 is greater than 5
Same program, but change first line to "num1 = 3;"
Output:
3 is less than or equal to 5
Example. 16 Combine looping and branching
sum1 = 0;
sum2 = 0;
N=9
for k = 1:N
sum1 = sum1+k;
if (mod(k,3) == 0)
sum2 = sum2+k;
end
end
sum1
sum2
Output:
sum1 = 45
sum2 = 18
Note: Sum1 = 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9, while sum2 = 3+6+9.
Array and Matrix
Example. 17 Assign the content of a (one-dimensional) array; Addition of two arrays
a = [2 12 25];
b = [3 7 4];
c = a+b
Output:
c = 5 19 29
Example. 18 Assign the content of a matrix; Addition of two matrices
a = [3 4; 1 6];
b = [5 2; 11 7];
c = a+b
Output
c=86
12 13
Example. 19 Multiplication involving a scalar and an array (or a matrix)
a = [3 5; 1 4];
b = 2*a
Output:
b = 6 10
28
Example. 20 Element-by-element multiplication involving two 1-D arrays or two matrices of the
same dimension
a = [2 3 5];
b = [2 4 9];
c = a.*b % Using dot before operator results in element wise operations
Output:
c = 4 12 45
Example. 21 Direct (not element-by-element) multiplication of two matrices
a = [2 3; 1 4];
b = [5 1; 7 2];
c = a*b
Output:
c = 31 8
33 9
Example.22 Extracting the individual element(s) of a matrix
A = [3 5; 2 4];
c = A(2,2)+A(1,2)
Output:
c=9
Example.23 Usage of index for a matrix
A = [3 5; 2 4];
sum = 0;
for m = 1:size(A,1)
for n = 1:size(A,2)
sum = A(m,n)+sum;
end
end
sum
Output
sum=14
Tasks
1. Let’s consider a matrix such that,
𝐴 = 𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑐(10,10)
What is the minimum value in each column of A?
What is the average of all diagonal elements?
What is the sum of all the odd index of A?
2. Read two images convert them to gray scale. And perform following tasks and show the results,
0.8 × 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒1 + 0.2 × 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒2
0.7 × 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒1 + 0.3 × 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒2
0.5 × 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒1 + 0.5 × 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒2
𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒1 − 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒2
𝐼𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒2 – 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒2
3. Read image3 convert it to gray scale,
Mirror the image using for loop and matrix indexing
Flip image upside down using for loop and matrix indexing
Using matrix indexing and condition statement replace each element of image with
each value greater than 160 with 1 else zero.
