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CBSE Class-12 Physics Quick Revision Notes Chapter-06: Electromagnetic Induction Magnetic Flux

1. The document provides an overview of key concepts in electromagnetic induction including magnetic flux, Faraday's law, Lenz's law, induced EMF and current, self-induction, mutual induction, transformers, generators, motors, and eddy currents. 2. Key formulas are given for calculating induced EMF, magnetic flux, self and mutual inductance, transformer ratios, energy stored in an inductor, and magnetic energy density. 3. Different types of generators and motors are described along with diagrams of their basic components and operating principles based on electromagnetic induction.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
178 views5 pages

CBSE Class-12 Physics Quick Revision Notes Chapter-06: Electromagnetic Induction Magnetic Flux

1. The document provides an overview of key concepts in electromagnetic induction including magnetic flux, Faraday's law, Lenz's law, induced EMF and current, self-induction, mutual induction, transformers, generators, motors, and eddy currents. 2. Key formulas are given for calculating induced EMF, magnetic flux, self and mutual inductance, transformer ratios, energy stored in an inductor, and magnetic energy density. 3. Different types of generators and motors are described along with diagrams of their basic components and operating principles based on electromagnetic induction.

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CBSE Class-12 Physics Quick Revision Notes

Chapter-06: Electromagnetic Induction

• Magnetic Flux:
Magnetic flux through a plane of area dA placed in a uniform
magnetic field B
φ = ∫ B.d A
If the surface is closed, then
φ = ∫ B.d A
This is because magnetic lines of force are closed lines and
free magnetic poles do not exist.
• Faraday’s Law:
a) First Law: whenever there is a change in the magnetic flux linked with a circuit with
time, an induced emf is produced in the circuit which lasts as long as the change in
magnetic flux continues.
b) Second Law: According to this law,
 dφ 
Induced emf, E ∝  
 dt 
• Lenz’s Law:
The direction of the induced emf or current in the circuit is such that it opposes the
cause due to which it is produced, so that,
 dφ 
E = −N  
 dt 
Where N is the number of turns in coil
Lenz’s law is based on energy conservation.
• Induced EMF and Induced Current:
a) Induced EMF,

E = −N
dt
N (φ2 − φ1 )
=−
t
b) Induced current,
E N  dφ 
I = =−  
R R  dt 
N (φ2 − φ1 )
=−
R t
Charge depends only on net change in flux does not depends on time.
• Induced Emf due to Linear Motion of a Conducting Rod in a Uniform Magnetic Field
The induced emf,

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E = −l.(vxB )
If e, v and B are perpendicular to each other, then
E = Bvl
• Induced EMF due to Rotation of a Conducting Rod in a Uniform Magnetic Field:
The induced emf,
1
E = Bω l 2 = Bπ nl 2 = BAn
2
Where n is the frequency of rotation of the conducting rod.
• Induced EMF due to Rotation of a Metallic Disc in a Uniform Magnetic Field:
1
EOA = Bω R 2 = Bπ R 2 n = BAn
2
• Induced EMF, Current and Energy Conservation in a Rectangular Loop Moving in a
Non – Uniform Magnetic Field with a Constant Velocity:
a) The net increase in flux crossing through the coil in time Δt is,
∆φ = ( B2 − B1 )lv∆t
b) Induced emf in the coil is,
E = ( B1 − B2 )lv
c) If the resistance of the coil is R, then the induced current in the coil is,
E ( B1 − B2 )
I= = lv
R R
d) Resultant force acting on the coil is
F = Il ( B1 − B2 )( towards left)
e) The work done against the resultant force
l 2v 2
W = ( B1 − B2 ) 2 ∆t joule
R
Energy supplied in this process appears in the form of heat energy in the circuit.
f) Energy supplied due to flow of current I in time Δt is,
H = I 2 R ∆t
l 2v 2
Or H = ( B1 − B2 ) 2 ∆t joule
R
Or H = W
• Rotation of Rectangular Coil in a Uniform Magnetic Field:
a) Magnetic flux linked with coil
φ = BAN cosθ
=BAN cosω t
b) Induced emf in the coil

E= = BAN ω sin ωt = E0 sin ωt
dt
c) Induced current in the coil.

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E BAN ω
I= = sin ωt
R R
E0
= sin ωt
R
d) Both Emf and current induced in the coil are alternating
• Self-Induction and Self Inductance:
a) The phenomenon in which an induced emf is produced by changing the current in a coil
is called self in induction.

φ ∝ I or φ = LI
φ
or L=
I
dI
E = −L
dt
E
L=
−(dI / dt )
where L is a constant, called self inductance or coefficient of self – induction.
b) Self inductance of a circular coil
µ0 N 2π R µ0 N 2 A
L= =
2 2R
c) Self inductance of a solenoid
µ0N 2 A
L=
l
d) Two coils of self – inductances L1 and L2, placed far away (i.e., without coupling) from
each other.
i) For series combination:
L = L1 + L2 . .... Ln
ii) For parallel combination:
1 1 1 1
= + + .... +
L L1 L2 Ln
• Mutual Induction and Mutual Inductance:
a) On changing the current in one coil, if the magnetic flux linked with a second coil
changes and induced emf is produced in that coil, then this phenomenon is called mutual
induction.
φ2 ∝ I1 or φ2 = MI1
φ2
Or M =
I1
d φ2 dI
E2 = − = −M 1
dt dt

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E2
M=
−( dI1 / dt )
Therefore, M12 = M21 = M
b) Mutual inductance two coaxial solenoids
µNN A
M= 0 1 2
l
c) If two coils of self- inductance L1 and L2 are wound over each other, the mutual
inductance is,
M = K L1 L2
Where K is called coupling constant.
d) Mutual inductance for two coils wound in same direction and connected in series
L = L1 + L2 + 2 M
e) Mutual inductance for two coils wound in opposite direction and connected in series
L = L1 + L2 − 2 M
f) Mutual inductance for two coils in parallel
L1 L2 − M 2
L=
L1 + L2 ± 2 M
• Energy Stored in an Inductor:
1
U B = LI 2 max
2
• Magnetic Energy Density:
B2
UB =
2 µ0
• Eddy Current:
When a conductor is moved in a magnetic field, induced currents are generated in the
whole volume of the conductor. These currents are called eddy currents.
• Transformer:
a) It is a device which changes the magnitude of alternating voltage or current.
Es ns
= =K
Ep np
b) For ideal transformer:
I p ns
=
Is np
c) In an ideal transformer:
E p I p = Es I s
d) In step – up transformer:
ns > n p or K > 1
E s > E p and I s < I p

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e) In step – down transformer:
ns < n p or K < 1
E s < E p and I s > I p
f) Efficiency
EI
η = s s x100%
Ep I p
• Generator or Dynamo:
It is a device by which mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy. It is based
on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
• Different Types of Generator:
a) AC Generator
It consists of field magnet, armature, slip rings and brushes.
b) DC Generator
It consists of field magnet, armature, commutator and brushes.
• Motor:
It is a device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Back emf e ∝ ω
Current flowing in the coil,
E − eb
ia =
R
E = eb + ia R
Where R is the resistance of the coil.
Out put Power = ia eb
Efficiency,
eb
η= ×100%
E

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