This document provides guidelines for modifying the Marshall mix design method for larger aggregate mixes with maximum aggregate sizes up to 1.5 inches. Key differences for the modified method include using larger 6-inch diameter specimens compacted with a heavier hammer from a higher drop height, with criteria such as minimum stability increased by 2.25 times. Design parameters like air voids and compaction levels may also be adjusted to suit the specific project needs.
This document provides guidelines for modifying the Marshall mix design method for larger aggregate mixes with maximum aggregate sizes up to 1.5 inches. Key differences for the modified method include using larger 6-inch diameter specimens compacted with a heavier hammer from a higher drop height, with criteria such as minimum stability increased by 2.25 times. Design parameters like air voids and compaction levels may also be adjusted to suit the specific project needs.
This document provides guidelines for modifying the Marshall mix design method for larger aggregate mixes with maximum aggregate sizes up to 1.5 inches. Key differences for the modified method include using larger 6-inch diameter specimens compacted with a heavier hammer from a higher drop height, with criteria such as minimum stability increased by 2.25 times. Design parameters like air voids and compaction levels may also be adjusted to suit the specific project needs.
This document provides guidelines for modifying the Marshall mix design method for larger aggregate mixes with maximum aggregate sizes up to 1.5 inches. Key differences for the modified method include using larger 6-inch diameter specimens compacted with a heavier hammer from a higher drop height, with criteria such as minimum stability increased by 2.25 times. Design parameters like air voids and compaction levels may also be adjusted to suit the specific project needs.
Maximum Volume Ratio Particle (mm) (in.) (cc) Size1,2 Design Air Voids, Percent3 88.9 3½ 1608 to 1626 1.12 mm in. 3.0 4.0 5.0 90.5 39⁄16 1637 to 1665 1.09 1.18 No. 16 21.5 22.5 23.5 92.1 35⁄8 1666 to 1694 1.06 2.36 No. 8 19.0 20.0 21.0 93.7 311⁄16 1695 to 1723 1.03 4.75 No. 4 16.0 17.0 18.0 95.2 3¾ 1724 to 1752 1.00 3 9.5 ⁄8 14.0 15.0 16.0 96.8 313⁄16 1753 to 1781 0.97 12.5 ½ 13.0 14.0 15.0 98.4 37⁄8 1782 to 1810 0.95 19.0 ¾ 12.0 13.0 14.0 100.0 315⁄16 1811 to 1839 0.92 25.0 1.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 101.6 4 1840 to 1868 0.90 37.5 1.5 10.0 11.0 12.0 TABLE 7.4 Stability Corrections for Large Stone 50 2.0 9.5 10.5 11.5 Marshall Mixes in 6" Molds
63 2.5 9.0 10.0 11.0
NOTES : For a discussion on how to evaluate such 1. Standard Specification for Wire Cloth Sieves for Testing Purposes, ASTM E11 (AASHTO M 92) parameters as VMA, compaction level, air voids 2. The nominal maximum particle size is one size larger and VFA, reference is made to section 5.11. than the first sieve to retain more than 10 percent. 3. Interpolate minimum voids in the mineral aggregate 7.5 (VMA) for design air void values between those listed. Modified Marshall method TABLE 7.3 Minimum Percent Voids in Mineral Aggregate (VMA) for large aggregate A modified Marshall method for 6-inch diameter durability, while also maintaining the stability specimens has been standardized by ASTM D5581 required to support the intended loads for the life for mixes composed of aggregates with maximum of the pavement. size up to 38 mm (1.5 in.). This procedure is If the Asphalt Institute recommended design documented in the 1990 “Proceedings of the criteria are modified, experienced designers are Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists encouraged to carefully evaluate project variables (AAPT).” The procedure is basically the same as such as traffic type and loading, location, materials the original Marshall mix design method except and climatic region. Two common methods of for these differences that are due to the larger modifying the mixture design parameters are specimen size: changing the target air void content and/or • The hammer weighs 10.2 kg (22.5 lb.) and has changing the laboratory compaction level. For a 149.4-mm (5.88-in.) flat tamping face. Only example, the FAA P-401 specifies a 3.5 percent a mechanically operated device is used for the design air void content to maximize durability, same 457-mm (18-in.) drop height. and it also specifies a compaction level of 75 blows • The specimen has a 152.4-mm (6-in.) diameter for heavy aircraft along with stringent volumetric by 95.2-mm (3.75-in.) height. parameters to ensure the necessary stability. • The batch weights are typically 4,050 g (8.9 lb.). A usage with much lighter loads, such as a bike • The equipment for compacting and path, may specify 3 percent air voids and reduce testing (molds and breaking heads) are the compaction to only 35 blows for increased proportionately larger to accommodate the durability. larger specimens.
88 Chapter 7 Marshall Method of Mix Design
• The mix is placed in the mold in two and the range of flow values should be 1.5 approximately equal increments, with spading times the criteria listed in Table 7.2. performed after each increment. • Similar to the normal procedure as shown • The number of blows needed for the larger in Table 7.1, if the actual specimen thickness specimen is 1.5 times (75 or 112 blows) of varies from 92.5 mm (3.75 in.), the correction that required for the smaller specimen (50 or values as listed in Table 7.4 should be used to 75 blows) to obtain equivalent compaction. convert the measured stability values to an • The design criteria should be modified as well. equivalent value for a specimen with a The minimum stability should be 2.25 times, 92.5-mm (3.75-in.) thickness.
FIGURE 7.6 Test Property Curves for Hot Mix Design Data by the Marshall Method
