Specific Outcomes: Uniformly Accelerated Motion

Displacement-Time Graphs
Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H
i. I can explain, qualitatively and quantitatively, uniform and uniformly

Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H

accelerated motion when provided with written descriptions and Velocity-Time Graphs
numerical and graphical data. Acceleration-Time Graphs
ii. I can construct graphs to demonstrate the relationships among
displacement, velocity, acceleration and time for uniform and
uniformly accelerated motion.
iii. I can analyze a graph of empirical data to infer the mathematical
relationships among displacement, velocity, acceleration and time for
uniform and uniformly accelerated motion.
iv. I can relate acceleration to the slope of, and displacement to the area
under, a velocity-time graph.

Uniformly Accelerated Motion Uniformly Accelerated Motion

Uniformly Accelerated Motion Displacement-Time Graphs

Uniformly accelerated motion occurs when
Recall: describe the following d-t graphs:
the magnitude of velocity changes for an
uniform at rest
object d motion (+
d
uniform motion
direction) (+ direction)

Here, there is a non-zero acceleration!
t t

If the magnitude of velocity increases,
acceleration is positive (+) d at rest uniform d at rest
motion (-

If the magnitude of velocity decreases, direction)
acceleration is negative (-) t t
Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H

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 Displacement-Time Graphs Displacement-Time Graphs

Recall: describe the following d-t graphs:
Displacement-time graphs of uniformly

accelerated motion:
at rest
d uniform uniform
d d
motion (+ motion (-
direction) direction)
t
t t
magnitude of velocity is decreasing (negative acceleration)

Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H

Displacement-Time Graphs Displacement-Time Graphs

Displacement-time graphs of uniformly
We will analyze d-t graphs of uniformly

accelerated motion: accelerated motion (curved d-t graphs) in the
next topic
t
d d
In that topic, we will find the instantaneous
velocity by drawing a tangent to the curve

t
magnitude of velocity is increasing (positive acceleration)

Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H

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 Velocity-Time Graphs Velocity-Time Graphs

Remember that in a velocity-time graph: ex. 1:

20 m/s [forward]
a) time is the manipulated variable Find the v
acceleration for
b) velocity is the responding variable
the first 5.0 s. 5.0 s 10.0 s

If there is uniformly accelerated motion, the
t
object’s velocity is changing
rise 20 m/s – 0 m/s

The slope tells us an object’s acceleration a= = = +4.0 m/s2
run 5.0 s - 0 s

Area under the line tells us its displacement = 4.0 m/s2 [forward]
Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H

Velocity-Time Graphs Velocity-Time Graphs

ex. 2: 30 ex. 2: 30
20 20
v v
(m/s 10 (m/s 10
[E]) 0 [E]) 0
0 5.0 10 15 20 30 0 5.0 10 15 20 30
t (s) t (s)
a) Find the acceleration from 10 s to 15 s. b) Find the acceleration from 15 s to 20 s.
rise 20 m/s – 30 m/s rise 20 m/s – 20 m/s
a= = = -2.0 m/s2 a= = = 0 m/s2
run 15 s - 10 s
= 2.0 m/s2 [W] run 20 s - 15 s
Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H

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 Velocity-Time Graphs Velocity-Time Graphs

The area under the line of a v-t graph can ex. 1:

20 m/s [forward]
tell us the displacement of the object: Find the v
displacement
v v
after 10.0 s. 5.0 s 10.0 s
t t t
area of a rectangle area of a triangle (5.0 s)(20 m/s)
d= + (5.0 s)(20 m/s)
= base x height = bh = ½(base)(height) = ½bh 2
= 1.5 x 102 m [forward]
Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H

Velocity-Time Graphs FIX FITB Velocity-Time Graphs

ex. 2: 30 ex. 2: 30
20 20
v (m/s v (m/s
[forward]) 10 [forward]) 10
0 0
0 5.0 10 15 20 30 0 5.0 10 15 20 30
t (s) t (s)
a) find the displacement between 0 and 5.0 s b) find the displacement from 5.0 s to 10 s.
(5.0 s)(30 m/s) d = (5.0 s)(30 m/s) = 1.5 x 102 m [forward]
d= = 75 m [forward]
2
Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H

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 Velocity-Time Graphs Velocity-Time Graphs
ex. 2: 30 ex. 2: 30
20 20
v (m/s v (m/s
[forward]) 10 [forward]) 10
0 0
0 5.0 10 15 20 30 0 5.0 10 15 20 30
t (s) t (s)
c) find the displacement between 10 and 15 s c) find the displacement between 10 and 15 s
(5.0 s)(10 m/s) = 125 m = 1.3 x 102 m [forward]
d= + (5.0 s)(20 m/s)
2
Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H

Velocity-Time Graphs Velocity-Time Graphs

ex. 2: 30 ex. 3: 20
20 10
v (m/s v
[forward]) 10 (m/s 0
0 [N]) -10
0 5.0 10 15 20 30 0 5.0 10 15 20 30
t (s) t (s)
d) find the displacement between 0 and 30 s a) find the distance moved from 0 s to 5.0 s
(10 s)(20 m/s)
d = (5.0 s)(20 m/s) + + 350 m (2.5 s)(10 m/s) (2.5 s)(10 m/s)
2 d= + = 25 m
2 2
= 5.5 x 102 m [forward]
Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H

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 Velocity-Time Graphs Acceleration-Time Graphs
ex. 3: 20
If the v-t graph is a rising straight line
10 diagonal:
v
(m/s 0 v a
[N]) -10
0 5.0 10 15 20 30
t (s)
t t
b) find the displacement from 0 s to 5.0 s
(+) uniformly accelerated motion
(2.5 s)(-10 m/s) (2.5 s)(10 m/s)
d= + =0m OR (+) uniform acceleration
2 2
Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H

Acceleration-Time Graphs

If the v-t graph is a falling straight line

diagonal:
+
v
a
t
t
-
(-) uniformly accelerated motion
OR (-) uniform acceleration
Dulku – Physics 20 – Unit 1 (Kinematics) – Topic H