CHAPTER

AUTO FLIGHT
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CHAPTER 22
AUTO FLIGHT
LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES

Chapter, Page Date Chapter, Page Date

Section, Section,
Subject Subject

Title page - - 022.10.00 105 Nov 1/11

List of Effective Pages 1 Feb 15/12 Fault Isolation 106 Nov 1/11
2 Feb 15/12 107 Nov 1/11
Record of Revisions 1 Feb 15/12 108 Nov 1/11
2 Nov 1/11 109 Nov 1/11
3 Nov 1/11 110 Nov 1/11
4 Nov 1/11 Servicing 301 Nov 1/11
Record of Temp. Revisions 1 Nov 1/11 302 Nov 1/11
2 Nov 1/11 303 Nov 1/11
Contents 1 Feb 15/12 304 Nov 1/11
2 Nov 1/11 305 Nov 1/11
022.00.00 1 Nov 1/11 306 Nov 1/11
Description and Operation 2 Nov 1/11 307 Nov 1/11
Maintenance Practices 201 Nov 1/11 308 Nov 1/11
202 Nov 1/11 Removal / Installation 401 Feb 15/12
022.10.00 1 Nov 1/11 402 Feb 15/12
Description and Operation 2 Nov 1/11 403 Feb 15/12
3 Nov 1/11 404 Feb 15/12
4 Feb 15/12 405 Feb 15/12
5 Feb 15/12 406 Feb 15/12
6 Feb 15/12 407 Feb 15/12
7 Nov 1/11 408 Feb 15/12
8 Nov 1/11 409 Feb 15/12
9 Feb 15/12 410 Feb 15/12
10 Nov 1/11 411 Feb 15/12
Fault Isolation 101 Nov 1/11 412 Feb 15/12
102 Nov 1/11 413 Feb 15/12
103 Nov 1/11 414 Feb 15/12
104 Nov 1/11

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Chapter, Page Date

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Subject

022.10.01 1 Nov 1/11

Description and Operation 2 Nov 1/11
3 Nov 1/11
4 Nov 1/11
5 Nov 1/11
6 Nov 1/11
7 Nov 1/11
8 Nov 1/11

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CHAPTER 22
AUTO FLIGHT
RECORD OF REVISIONS

Chapter, Numbers of Pages

Rev. Document Date of
Section,
No. Number Revision
Subject Rev. Pages New. Pages Del. Pages

5 22 ALL - -
(Rev. 1 to 4 L410 UVP-E/135d Nov 1/11
are included)
6 022- Record of 1 - -
Revision
022- List of Eff. 1 - -
Pages
2 - -
022-Contents 1 - -
L410 UVP-E/142d Feb 15/12
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5 - -
6 - -
9 - -
401 to 406 407 to 414 -

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CHAPTER 22
AUTO FLIGHT
RECORD OF TEMPORARY REVISIONS
Chapter, Numbers of Pages
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Section,
No. Number Revision
Subject Rev. Pages New. Pages Del. Pages

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CHAPTER 22
AUTO FLIGHT
CONTENTS

Subject Chapter, Page Effectivity

Section,
Subject
GENERAL 022.00.00 1 ALL
Description and Operation 1
General 1
Maintenance Practices 201
General 201
KFC 325 or KFC 275 AUTOPILOT 022.10.00 1 ALL
Description and Operation 1
General (analog version) 1
General (EFIS version) 2
List of components (analog version) 3
List of components (EFIS version) 5
Operation 6
Fault Isolation 101
Troubleshooting the autopilot system 101
Servicing 301
Check of autopilot function 301
Removal / Installation 401
Removal / installation of autopilot servo torque 401
clutches and their check
Removal / installation of autopilot servos 407
Control and signalization of KFC 325 or KFC 275 autopilot 022.10.01 1 ALL
Description and Operation 1
General 1
Control servo description 4

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GENERAL
DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

1. General
The KFC 325 or KFC 275 autopilot for automatic flight control is installed on the aircraft (if installed).

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GENERAL
MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

1. General
A. The components removed from the aircraft for laboratory test must be inspected for:
• visible mechanical damage of the body
• corrosion of plug-and-socket connectors, terminals, pushbuttons
• deformation of plug-and-socket connector pins
• deposits of dirt
• evidence of fluid leaks

B. When removing a unit (a component) from the aircraft (for laboratory test or replacement),
its place of installation, connector or pipe mating parts must be inspected for:
• mechanical damage (cracks) of the place of installation
• wear of the attachment holes
• corrosion and deformation of plug-and-socket connector pins
• dents
• ruptures
• deformation of pipe connecting parts
• damage of connector and pipe union nut threads

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KFC 325 OR KFC 275 AUTOPILOT

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

1.a General (analog version)

The KFC system of flight control is a digital triaxial flight control system having an electrical pitch trim systems
which provides auto trim during autopilot operation and manual electric trim for the pilot when the
autopilot is not engaged.
Manipulation with aircraft control elements may be made manually (according to the data indicated on the
flight director attitude gyro). During the flight control with autopilot the control elements are controlled by
electronic servo-drives. The motion of the elevator, elevator trim tabs, rudder and ailerons is controlled by
servo-drives.
The flight control system cooperates with the following systems:
• the NAV I navigational system (a source of deflection signals from given heading of aircraft VOR, LOC
course plane GS descent plane)
• the MKR I radio markers receiver (a source of signal for switching of level sensitivity of receiver ILS)
• the RA I radar altimeter (a source of signal for fluent sensitivity change of ILS receiver and flight indication
of decision height)
• encoding altimeter (a source of flight height barometric signals)
• flight direction altitude gyro (left gyro horizon) - (a source of aircraft pitch and roll bank signals)
• GK I gyromagnetic compass (a signal source of gyromagnetic heading of aircraft)
• electrical control circuit of wing flaps (a signal source for the relay switch of elevator trim level)
• DME I interrogator (a signal source of fluent sensitivity change of the VOR receiver applies to
KFC 325)
• SSR I transponder (a source of encoded flight height signal)

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1.b General (EFIS version)

The KFC system of flight control is a digital triaxial flight control system, consist of the command system and
autopilot system.
Control of the aircraft steering systems can be (according to the displayed data on the corresponding PFD
display) performed manually:
a) with the intervention to the steering according to the information the PFD in the FD mode or in the
synchronic steering mode after the activation with the CWS button
b) using the manually electric trim
or with the autopilot (according to the commands of the autopilot computer) in AP resp. AP/YD mode.
During the flight control with autopilot the control elements are controlled by electronic servo-drives. The
motion of the elevator, elevator trim tabs, rudder and ailerons is controlled by servo-drives.
Autopilot system is possible switched over using the pressbutton (with the annunciator) to the I or II
system resp. to the PFD LH or PFD RH accordance with which of the pilots is in the command.
(Displayed data are corresponding changed on the PFD displays).
The flight control system cooperates with the following systems:
• Power supply (power voltage 28V DC and 36V AC)
• EFI-890R
- a source of the deflection signals VOR/ILS (primary source is a dual NAV/GPS I, II systems)
- a source of deflection signals from set track course and of deflection signals from set course
- a source of the BARO SET data pressure setting
- displaying AP/FD modes
- displaying FD command information
• the dual (AHRS I, II) Attitude heading reference system (a source of aircraft pitch and roll bank
signals and signal source of gyromagnetic heading of aircraft)
• the dual (ADC I, II) digital Air data computer (a source of encoding flight height barometric signals)
• dual GPS Receivers (a source of ROLL STEERING signal)
• the MKR I radio markers receiver (a source of signal for switching of level sensitivity of receiver ILS)
• the RADIO ALTIMETER radar altimeter (a source of signal for fluent sensitivity change of ILS receiver
and flight indication of decision height)
• electrical control circuit of wing flaps (a signal source for the relay switch of elevator trim level)
• Dual audio - (Assurance of the warning aural tone signalization of the autopilot)
• Flight data recorder (FDR) (Record of the active signal for the engage servo-drives of the ailerons
and the elevator)

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2. List of components (analog version)

No. Name Type (Dwg. No.) Part Number Qty Location

1. Flight computer KCP 220 065-00064-0007 1 Between the 1st and 2nd frames
on the right
2. Mode controller KMC 321 065-00086-0000 1 Rear control panel
3. Annunciator panel KAP 315A 065-00063-0000 1 Cover of the control panel
4. Altitude setter KAS 297C 065-00089-0005 1 Left control panel
5. Air data computer KDC 222 065-00085-0002 1 Between the 3rd and 4th frames
on the right
6. Yaw rate gyro KRG 331 060-00024-0000 1 Between the 1st and 2nd frames
on the right
7. Vertical gyro (if installed) KVG 350 060-00026-0000 1 Between the 1st and 2nd frames
8. Flight command indicator KCI 310 FLT 066-03020-0012 1 Left control panel
(if installed)
9. Alert annunciator KAA 15 071-01466-0000 1 Between the 3rd and 4th frames
on the right
10. Servo-drive of ailerons KSA 372 X 065-00056-0070 1 Between the 6th and 7th frames
on the left below
11. Servo-drive of elevator KSA 372 X 065-00056-0070 1 On the 26th frame
12. Servo-drive of rudder KSA 372 065-00056-0050 1 On the 24th frame
13. Servo-drive of elevator trim tab KS 272 A 065-00061-0050 1 On the 23 rd frame
14. UP-TRIM-DN switch 155-5388-00 - 1 Left steering wheel
15. A/P DISC switch 031-0428-00 - 2 Left and right steering wheel
16. CWS push-button 031-0514-00 - 1 Left steering wheel
17. GA push-button 031-0514-00 - 1 Left ECL
18. Relay 3 AMP-DPDT - 1 Between the 6th and 7th frames
on the right below
19. Fan blower KA 33 - 1 Between the 1st and 2nd frame
20. AP fuse 1 CSN 354733F/1500 - 1 Between the 8th and 9th frames
above
21. AUTOPILOT 26V/400 Hz fuse 1 CSN 354733F/1500 - 1 In fuse panel
22. AP/FD circuit breaker AZRGK-10 - 1 Overhead panel
23. ELECTRIC TRIM circuit breaker AZRGK 5 - 1 Overhead panel
24. Diode KZL 81/40 or KY - 1 Between the 6th and 7th frames
132/1000 on the right below
25. Relay switch KA 138 - 1 Between 2nd and 3rd frames,
RH side
26. Annunciator push button switch P/N 031-00535-0045 031-00535-0045 1 Cover of the control panel
NAV 1/NAV 2
27. Annunciator NAV 1/NAV 2 LUN 2697.02-8 - 1 Cover of the control panel
28. Sonalert SC 628 - 2 On vertical control panel

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No. Name Type (Dwg. No.) Part Number Qty Location

29 Annunciator LUN 2662.41 - 2 Cover of the instruments

AUTOPILOT DISCONNECT panels
(If installed)

NOTE: Items 23 to 25 are installed on aircrafts on which the Information Bulletin No. L410 UVP-E/040b has
been accomplished.

The autopilot system components are identified, in addition to Model Designation, with a Part
Number (P/N ….) which relates the component to a particular assembly and which is not shown in
the List of Components. It means that for example the KCP 220 Autopilot computer for the KFC 325
autopilot system is different than the KCP 220 autopilot computer for the KCF 275 Autopilot system.

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2. List of components (EFIS version)

No. Name Type (Dwg. No.) Part Number Qty Location

1 Flight computer KCP 220 065-00064-0007 1 Between the 1st and 2nd frames
2 Mode controller KMC 321 065-00086-0008 1 Rear control panel
3 Altitude selector KAS 297C 065-00089-0005 1 Central instrument panel
4 Air data computer KDC 222 065-00085-0002 1 Between the 3rd and 4th frames
5 Aural alerter KAA 15 071-01466-0000 1 Between the 3rd and 4th frames
on the right
6 Roll servo KSA 372 X 065-00056-0070 1 Between the 6th and 7th frames
on the left below
7 Pitch servo KSA 372 X 065-00056-0070 1 On the 26th frame
8 Yaw servo KSA 372 065-00056-0050 1 On the 24th frame
9 Servodrive of elevator trim tab KS 272 A 065-00061-0050 1 On the 23 rd frame
10 UP-TRIM-DN switch 155-5388-00 - 1 Left steering wheel
11 A/P DISC switch 031-0428-00 - 2 Left and right steering wheel
12 CWS push-button 031-0514-00 - 2 Left and right steering wheel
13 GA push-button 031-0514-00 - 1 Left ECL
14 Relay 3 AMP-DPDT - 1 Between the 6th and 7th frames
on the right below
15 Cooling blower KA 33 071-04037-0001 1 Between the 1st and 2nd frame
16 Circuit breaker AUTOPILOT KLIXON 7274-2-1 - 4 Circuit breakers panel
17 AP/FD circuit breaker AZRGK-10 - 1 Overhead panel
18 ELECTRIC TRIM circuit breaker AZRGK 5 - 1 Overhead panel
19 Diode KY 132/1000 - 1 Between the 6th and 7th frames
on the right below
20 Annunciator push button switch 582- - 1 Central instrument panel
AUTOPILOT TRANSFER LT/RT 10A4B0C1F4L5N12
21 Sonalert SC 628 038-00008-0000 1 On vertical control panel
22 Sonalert SC 628D 038-00008-0001 1 On vertical control panel
23 Annunciator LUN 2662.41 - 2 Cover of the instruments
AUTOPILOT DISCONNECT panels
(if installed)
24 Relay block SR-263 - 2 Between frames 1 and 2
25 Interface adapter GAD42 010-00154-01 1 Between frames 4 and 5, right
down
26 Relay B 073 576 N - 5 Between frames 1 and 2, up
2 Between frames 5 and 5a,
down
27 Relay with diode B 073576N/1N4007 - 1 Between frames 1 and 2, up,
LH

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3. Operation
A. Starting-up the flight control system (analog version) into operation is carried out by turning on the
BATTERY I, II, INVERTERS 115V I, II, GK I switches, NAV I, VHF I, MKR I, RA I, INTERCOM,
DME I and SSR I circuit breakers on the overhead panel. If the GYRO HORIZON on the left
instrument panel is turned on, then wait until both the flags (ALTITUDE and COMPUTER) are
hidden on the flight director check gyro display and turn on the ELECTRIC TRIM and AP-FD circuit
breaker located on the overhead panel.
B. Starting-up the flight control system (EFIS version) into operation is carried out by turning on the
BATTERY I, II, INVERTERS 36V I, II, AHRS I, II, switches, NAV/GPS I, II, COM I, II, MKR, RADIO
ALTIMETER, INTERCOM I, II, PFD I, II, DCP I, II, CHP, DCU, ADC I, II, and SSR I, II circuit
breakers on the overhead panel.
Then wait until the ATT flag is hidden on the Primary flight display EFI 890R and turn on the
ELECTRIC TRIM and AP-FD circuit breaker located on the overhead panel.
The flight control system provides the selection of 14 operating modes securing the transmission of signals
for the manual electric trim and for the autopilot.
Operating modes are activated by pressing appropriate push-buttons on the mode controller of the altitude
setter, on the left and right steering wheel and left ECL. The push-buttons on the mode controller and the
altitude setter are used with several functions - at the first depression the mode is activated, at the second
depression the function is cancelled (until automatic cancellation is used by the selection of another mode).
Any operating mode that is not compatible with a newly selected mode will be automatically cancelled.
The last selected operating mode has priority (it is not necessary to cancel an operating mode manually).
Visual indication of a selected operating mode (with the exception of the CWS mode) is indicated by the
illumination of appropriate indicator on the annunciator panel or on the mode controller.

The use of the flight control system in flight is described in the Flight Manual.

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FIG. 1 THE KFC 325 AND KFC 275 FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM WIRING
(Applies to aircrafts on which Information Bulletin No.L410 UVP-E/040b has not been
accomplished)

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FIG. 2 THE KFC 325 AND KFC 275 FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM WIRING
(Applies to aircrafts on which Information Bulletin No.L410 UVP-E/040b has been
accomplished)

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FIG. 3 THE KFC 325 FLIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM WIRING (EFIS VERSION)

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KFC 325 OR KFC 275 AUTOPILOT

FAULT ISOLATION

1. Troubleshooting the autopilot system

A. Fixture, Test and Support Equipment Fluke 8060A or V2-55 1 DC millivoltmeter or
or equivalent multimeter with DC range 0 – 300 V,
accuracy ±0.2%
Change microohmmeter 2
NAV tester (e.g. IFR 4000 or NAV 402 AP)
Pitot tester (e.g. Barfield 1811DA0A or KPU-3)
KTS 162 Testing equipment
Tilt table for gyro or AHRS
Extension cable for KI 254
Extension cable for KCI 310
External power supply of 28V

B. Materials Not applicable

C. Tools Tool kit

D. Referenced information -

E. Procedures

(1) System turn-on

(a) Analog version:

Switch on the BATTERY I, II switches the INVERTERS 115 V I, II, EL. TRIM, AP / FD,
INTERCOM I, II, PA, SSR I, RADIOALTIMETER I, FLAPS, LIGHTING and
GYROCOMPASS I circuit breakers on the overhead panel.
Switch on the GYRO HORIZON on the left instrument panel.

NOTE: If you are not complied with the order of switching circuit breakers
EL. TRIM., AP / FD will sound alarm (warning signal)

(b) EFIS version

Switch on the BATTERY I, II switches and the INVERTERS 36 V I, II, EL. TRIM, AP / FD,
INTERCOM I, II, PA, SSR I, RADIOALTIMETER I, FLAPS, LIGHTING, AHRS I, II,
ADC I, II, PFD I, II, DCU, DCP I, II, CHP circuit breakers on the overhead panel.

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CAUTION: • AN EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY OF 28V IS TO BE USED DURING ALL

GROUND TESTS.
• THE AUTOPILOT SYSTEM TEST MAY ONLY BE STARTED AFTER THE
WARNING FLAGS HEADING (ON THE LEFT HSI), ATTITUDE, COMPUTER
(ON THE LEFT HORIZON) HAVE DISAPPEARED (OUT OF VIEW).
• THE KTS 162 TESTING EQUIPMENT MAY ONLY BE USED BY PERSONS
DULY QUALIFIED AND AUTHORIZED TO DO IT.

(c) Engage the autopilot. Red TRIM warning light illuminates on the annunciator panel.
No other annunciators shall illuminate or audible tones be present after approximately 1 second
from power application. The FDI command bars, the COMPUTER and ATTITUDE flags must
be out of view.

(d) Problems observed

• No TRIM light annunciation, COMPUTER flag in view.

Possible cause: Missing 28 V DC power, or KCP 220 computer power supply failure.
Troubleshooting procedure: Check circuit breakers and power wiring or replace the
KCP 220 computer.
• Random annunciations on annunciator panel or mode controller.
Possible cause: KCP 220 computer connectors improperly installed.
Troubleshooting procedure: Check connectors on KCP 220 computer for orientations
(correct connector on correct plug).
(2) Pre-flight test

(a) Press the TEST button on the autopilot mode controller. All annunciators on the annunciator
panel and the mode controller illuminate. The TRIM annunciator flashes 4 times followed by
12 flashes of the AP annunciator. While the AP annunciator is flashing an audible warning
sounds for 2 seconds. The FDI command bars must be in view, all digits and symbols on the
KAS 297C altitude (vertical speed preselector) must be lit.

(b) Problems observed

• Some annunciators on annunciator panel not lit. No flashing AP annunciator or tone.

Autopilot will not engage.
Possible cause: Incorrectly installed adapter modules in the KCP 220.

Troubleshooting procedure: Inspect adapter modules for correct physical orientation

on the circuit board and that the individual modules are
located on their designated circuit board.

• All pre-flight test indications correct except no flashing AP annunciator or audible

warning.

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Possible causes: No G-dump signal from KDC 222 air data computer, KCP 220
internal rate monitors failed, adapter modules incorrectly installed.

Troubleshooting procedures: Replace KDC 222 air data computer or check wiring.
Replace KCP 220 computer. Inspect adapter modules
for correct installation.

• No flashing TRIM annunciator or incorrect number of TRIM annunciator flashes.

Possible cause: Auto trim system failure.

Troubleshooting procedures: Check pitch trim servo feeding circuit. Check pitch trim
servo motor for proper operation. Replace the pitch trim
servo.
• TRIM annunciator flashes and audible warning sounds continuously after test.

Possible causes: Manual trim failure, incorrect "servo" or "pitch" board adapter
module installed.
Troubleshooting procedure: Check for correct installation of the correct adapter
modules.
• No audible warning during test. Autopilot will not engage.

Possible cause: Vertical gyro valid signal absent.

Troubleshooting procedure: Check for presence of VG or altitude flag, or check VG
valid wiring to KCP 220 computer.
(3) Manual electric trip operation

(a) Pressing the UP/DOWN rocker switch on the mode controller in the UP/DOWN direction
causes pitch trimming action in the respective direction. It will also cause the autopilot to
disengage (if engaged) and previously used modes will remain annunciated.

(b) Problems observed

• Pitch trim servo clutch will not engage or servo will not drive. No TRIM light
annunciation.
Possible cause: Loss of clutch engage and drive signals.
Troubleshooting procedure: Check wiring between rocker switch on mode controller
and KCP 220 computer.
• TRIM annunciator illuminates. No input from trim switch.
Possible cause: Trim system power failure.
Troubleshooting procedure: Check pitch trim circuit breaker and power wiring.
• TRIM annunciator illuminates whenever trim switches are activated.
Possible causes: Loss of clutch engage signal or servo movement in incorrect
direction.

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Troubleshooting procedure: Check clutch engage wiring or trim drive and feedback
wiring.
(4) AP with FD mode

(a) Pressing the AP button on the mode controller after successful preflight test causes the
autopilot to engage with flight director mode. All servo clutches will engage, the flight
director command bars will come into view, and the autopilot will maintain whatever pitch
attitude was present at engagement while commanding a wings level attitude in roll.

(b) Annunciations
FD, AP annunciators lit, command bars in view with up (down and left) right commands
corresponding to inputs necessary to maintain wings level and a selected pitch attitude.

(c) Problems observed

• Autopilot will engage but will not maintain wings level or synchronize to a given pitch
attitude.
Possible cause: Loss of pitch and roll altitude signals.
Troubleshooting procedure: Check vertical gyro for proper output and wiring to
KCP 220 computer.
• Autopilot will not maintain wings level attitude. One wing slightly lower than the other.
Possible cause: Vertical gyro level position does not coincide exactly with aircraft’s
wings level attitude.
Troubleshooting procedure: Adjust ROLL NULL potentiometer in mode controller.
• Autopilot engagement will cause short-term oscillations in one or any number of the
pitch, roll and gyro axes.
Possible cause: No servo feedback to KCP 220 computer.
Troubleshooting procedure: Check servo feedback wiring between applicable servo
and the KCP 220 computer.
(5) Heading mode

(a) Press the HDG button on the mode controller. The autopilot will engage heading mode and
respond to inputs from the heading bug located in the HSI.

(b) Annunciations
FD and HDG annunciators lit, command bars in view with left/right roll commands
corresponding to heading bug inputs. Attitude or COMPASS flag out of view.

(c) Problems observed

• Autopilot will not engage HDG mode

Possible cause: Loss of compass or directional gyro valid signal.
Troubleshooting procedure: Ensure COMPASS/HEADING flag is out of view, or check
DG valid wiring to KCP 220 computer.

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• Autopilot will not respond to heading bug inputs. Maintains a wings level attitude.
Possible cause: Loss of heading datum signal from HSI.
Troubleshooting procedures: Check wiring between HSI and KCP 220. Also check HSI
for heading datum output.
• Autopilot will not maintain a selected heading. Turns aircraft off in a direction opposite
of the selected heading.
Possible cause: Polarity of heading datum signal incorrect (DC heading datum indicators
only).
Troubleshooting procedure: Check polarity of heading datum connections and check
indicator for correct output.

(6) Altitude mode

(a) Pressing the ALT button on the mode controller will cause the autopilot to engage in
altitude hold mode and maintain the pressure altitude that was present at the moment
of engagement.

(b) Problems observed

• Autopilot will not maintain selected altitude.

Possible cause: Loss of altitude information from the KDC 222 air data computer or loss
of static pressure to KDC 222.
Troubleshooting procedure: Check 4.75 kHz line between KDC 222 air data computer
and KCP 220 AP computer. Check static system connection
for proper installation at the KDC 222.
(7) NAV/APR mode

(a) Press the NAV/APR button on the mode controller. The autopilot will engage in a NAV/APR
ARM mode. When the proper course deviation and rate of closure conditions are met, the
autopilot will engage in a NAV/APR CPLD mode and command the aircraft towards the
desired VOR/ILS navigation station. Upend receiving a valid GS signal and having the
glideslope deviation pointer cross the center deviation mark, the autopilot will engage the
GS mode and provide pilot steering commands to the runway.

(b) Annunciations
FD, NAV ARM, NAV, APR, ARM, APR, GS annunciators lit, command bars in view with
left/light commands corresponding to course deviation and course datum inputs.
Up/down commands corresponding to glideslope deviation inputs.

(c) Problems observed

• Autopilot will not track a centered deviation indication.

Possible cause: Loss of course datum from the NAV indicator.

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Troubleshooting procedure: Check course datum lines between the NAV indicator and
the KCP 220 computer. Also check the NAV indicator for
the correctly scaled output.
• Autopilot will not engage into a NAV/APR mode from a NAV/APR ARM mode.
Possible cause: Loss of course deviation signals to the KCP 220 computer.
Troubleshooting procedure: Check course deviation lines between the NAV receiver
and the KCP 220. If deviation voltage is present then the
KCP 220 computer has a failure.
• Autopilot will not engage into an APR ARM mode when an ILS frequency is selected
on the NAV receiver.
Possible cause: Loss of ILS ENERGIZE signal from the NAV receiver.
Troubleshooting procedure: Check ILS energize line between the NAV receiver and
the KCP 220 computer.
(8) IAS mode

(a) Press the IAS button on the mode controller. The autopilot will engage in indicated airspeed
hold mode and command the aircraft to maintain the indicated airspeed current at the
moment of mode engagement. Increasing/decreasing deviations from the selected airspeed
can be made with respective down/up inputs from the VERT TRIM switch on the mode
controller.

(b) Annunciations
FD and IAS annunciators lit, command bars in view with up/down commands in pitch attitude
required to maintain a selected airspeed.

(c) Problems observed

• Autopilot will not maintain a selected airspeed.

Possible cause: Loss of IAS signal from the KDC 222 air data computer or loss of
pressure in the pitot-static system.
Troubleshooting procedure: Check IAS input line between the KDC 222 and the
KCP 220 computer. Check pitot-static system connection
at the KDC 222 for proper installation.
(9) VS mode

(a) Press the VS button on the KAS 297C preselector. The autopilot will engage in a vertical
speed mode and command the aircraft to maintain a given vertical speed as selected by
the rotary knob on the KAS 297 C. Synchronization to an established vertical speed may
be also accomplished by pressing and then releasing the CWS with on the control wheel.

(b) Annunciations
FD annunciator on the mode controller, VS annunciator and 3 to 4 digit number (indicating

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selected vertical speed) in the KAS 297C display lit with an upward/downward pointing caret
to indicate direction. Command bars in view with up/down indications corresponding with
inputs needed to maintain a given vertical speed.

(c) Problems observed

A. Autopilot will not command a selected vertical speed from the KAS 297C or by
synchronization with the CWS switch.
Possible cause: Loss of altitude information from the KDC 222 air data computer.
Troubleshooting procedure: Check 4.75 kHz oscillator line between the KDC 222 and
the KAS 297C. Check pitot-static system connection at
KDC 222 for proper installation.
(10) Alt PRESELECT mode

(a) Select a predetermined altitude by rotating the knob on the KAS 297C unit until the derived
altitude appears in the display. Pressing the ALT button on the KAS 297 C will cause the
autopilot to engage in an ALT ARM mode. The aircraft is then placed in ascent/descent
configuration to intercept the selected altitude. Upon mearing the selected altitude the autopilot
will change mode to altitude capture (ALT CAP) and begin to command the aircraft to level
out at the selected altitude. Upon reaching the altitude, the autopilot will change mode to
altitude hold (ALT HOLD) and command the aircraft to maintain that altitude.

(b) Annunciations
FD and ALT annunciator on the mode controller, ALT ARM, ALT CAP annunciators and
3 to 5 digit number (for preselected altitude) in the KAS 297C display lit.
Command bars in view with up/down commands.

(c) Problem observed

A. ALT ARM mode will not engage. KAS 297C display is dashed.
Possible cause: Loss of serial communication between the KAS 297C and the KCP 220
computer, or loss of the altitude valid signal from the interconnecting
encoding altimeter.
Troubleshooting procedure: Check data, clock, and address communication lines
between the KAS 297C and the KCP 220. Check the
line between the encoding altimeter and the KAS 297C.
• Autopilot will command the aircraft to same altitude other than the selected one.
Erratic pitch axis activity when ALT ARM mode is selected.
Possible cause: Loss of one or more encoded altitude signals from the inconnecting
altimeter.

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Troubleshooting procedure: Check all altitude encoding lines between the encoding
altimeter and the KAS 297C. Check the altimeter for proper
encoded altitude output.
• Autopilot will command the aircraft to an altitude within 30 metres of that selected.
Possible cause: Loss of calibration between the KAS 297C and the interconnecting
altimeter
Troubleshooting procedure: Re-establish calibration between the KAS 297C and the
altimeter (as instructed in para (12)).
(11) GA mode

(a) Press the GA button on the LH power control lever to engage the flight director into a
go-around mode. The command bars will then command a selected pitch up angle for
the aircraft to maintain during a go-around procedure after a missed approach.
Selection of this mode will disconnect the previously engaged autopilot.

(b) Annunciations
FD and GA annunciator lit. Command bars in view with up/down commands necessary to
maintain the aircraft at the selected pitch up attitude.

(c) Problems observed

• GA mode will not engage

Possible cause: Loss of ground signal from the GA switch to the mode controller.
Troubleshooting procedure: Check the GA switch for proper operation and the line
between the switch and the mode controller.
• GA mode causes command bars to command a pitch up angle other than the one
specified in the appropriate installation manual.
Possible cause: Incorrect resistor strap on option board adapter module.
Troubleshooting procedure: Check option adapter module for correct part number
and/or proper installation.
(12) Altitude calibration
The calibration is made on the KAS 297C altitude/vertical speed selector. During climb, the
KAS 297C receives altitude information from the encoding altimeter. To achieve high accuracy,
the calibration is performed at several altitudes. The calibration procedure can be conducted
either on the ground, using a tester to simulate altitude, on in flight.

(a) Calibration procedure

• Set standard pressure (1013.23 mb) on the encoding altimeter.

• Press both the VS ENG and ALT ARM buttons on the KAS 297C and hold them for more
than 5 seconds. The unit will display a digital altitude information supplied by the encoding
altimeter. The unit is to be calibrated at an altitude of 0, 5,000, 10,000 and 15,000 feet.

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• When the encoding altimeter indicates accurately the calibrated altitude, momentarily
press VS ENG button on the KAS 297C. The error difference from the actual altitude
is now stored for operational use.

NOTE: Errors greater than 125 feet can not be corrected.

(b) To exit the calibration mode first press the ALT ARM button, then press the VS ENG button
and release both.

CAUTION: IT THE CALIBRATION PROCEDURE IS ACCOMPLISHED, BUTTONS

MUST NOT BE OPERATED IN THE CALIBRATION MODE. OTHERWISE,
DISTORTION OF CALIBRATION AND INCREASE OF AUTOPILOT ERROR
WOULD OCCUR.

(13) Switched the autopilot off

(a) Analog version:

Switch off the BATTERY I, II switches the INVERTERS 115 V I, II, EL. TRIM, AP / FD,
INTERCOM I, II, PA, SSR I, RADIOALTIMETER I, FLAPS, LIGHTING and
GYROCOMPASS I circuit breakers on the overhead panel.
Switch off the GYRO HORIZON on the left instrument panel.

(b) EFIS version

Switch off the BATTERY I, II switches and the INVERTERS 36 V I, II, EL. TRIM, AP / FD,
INTERCOM I, II, PA, SSR I, RADIOALTIMETER I, FLAPS, LIGHTING, AHRS I, II,
ADC I, II, PFD I, II, DCU, DCP I, II, CHP circuit breakers on the overhead panel.

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KFC 325 OR KFC 275 AUTOPILOT

SERVICING

1. Check of autopilot function

A. Fixture, Test and Support Equipment NAV tester (e.g. IFR 4000 or NAV 402 AP)
Pitot tester (e.g. Barfield 1811DA0A or KPU-3)
External power supply of 28V

B. Materials Not applicable

C. Tools Not applicable

D. Referenced information -

E. Procedures

(1) Switching autopilot on

(a) Analog version:

Switch on the BATTERY I, II switches the INVERTERS 115 V I, II, EL. TRIM, AP / FD,
INTERCOM I, II, PA, SSR I, RADIOALTIMETER I, FLAPS, LIGHTING and
GYROCOMPASS I circuit breakers on the overhead panel.
Switch on the GYRO HORIZON on the left instrument panel.

NOTE: If you are not complied with the order of switching circuit breakers
EL. TRIM., AP / FD will sound alarm (warning signal)

(b) EFIS version

Switch on the BATTERY I, II switches and the INVERTERS 36 V I, II, EL. TRIM, AP / FD,
INTERCOM I, II, PA, SSR I, RADIOALTIMETER I, FLAPS, LIGHTING, AHRS I, II,
ADC I, II, PFD I, II, DCU, DCP I, II, CHP circuit breakers on the overhead panel.

(2) Ground tests of the autopilot installed in the aircraft

CAUTION: • AN EXTERNAL POWER SUPPLY OF 28V IS TO BE USED DURING ALL

GROUND TESTS.
• THE AUTOPILOT SYSTEM TEST MAY ONLY BE STARTED AFTER THE
WARNING FLAGS HEADING (ON THE LEFT HSI), ATTITUDE, COMPUTER
(ON THE LEFT HORIZON) HAVE DISAPPEARED (OUT OF VIEW).

NOTE: Checking of autopilot function is performed when an autopilot failure occurs, and after
servo clutch torque adjustment. Checks as per para (3), (4), (4-b), (4-k), (4-l), (6-a), (7-a)
and (8-e) are recommended at the beginning of each flying day.

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(a) Before starting the work:

• Inspect visually all the installed units of the system.

• Check for the condition and connection of wiring and connectors.

• Check for intactness of the seals on the individual units.

• Check the supply voltage of the 28.5 V and 26 V 400 Hz on the voltmeters on the
instrument panel

• Inspect the free motion of the steering units (areas)

(3) PFT - Preflight test.

(a) Press the TEST button on the autopilot mode controller. All annunciators should illuminate,
with the TRIM annunciator flashing four (4) times. Then the annunciators extinguish and the
test concludes with the AP annunciator flashing twelve (12) times accompanied by an aural
tone for two (2) seconds.

CAUTION: AFTER THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF THE SELF TEST NO

ANNUNCIATOR ON THE AUTOPILOT MODE CONTROLLER MUST BE
LIT.

(4) Manual electric pitch trim test

(a) Push the left side of the split TRIM (MET) switch to the fore and aft positions while leaving
the right side untouched. The pitch trim wheel should not spontaneously move. Rotate the
trim wheel manually against the engaged clutch to check the pilot’s trim overpower
capability.

(b) Press the right side of the split TRIM (MET) switch to the fore and aft positions while leaving
the left side untouched. Again, the trim wheel should not spontaneously move. Normal trim
force should be required to move the trim wheel manually.

(c) Press and hold the AP DISC switch. The manual electric trim must not run (nose up or
nose down) when both sides of the split TRIM (MET) switch are pressed simultaneously.

(d) Switch off the AP/FD circuit breaker on the overhead panel and press the TRIM (MET)
switch on the control wheel. The pitch trim must be inactive. Switch on the AP/FD circuit
breaker and press the TEST button on the autopilot mode controller.

(e) Switch off the ELECTRIC TRIM circuit breaker on the overhead panel. The manual electric
pitch trim must be inactive.
Switch on the ELECTRIC TRIM circuit breaker and push the TEST button on the autopilot
mode controller.

(f) Press both sides of the MET split switch on the control wheel (down and up). The pitch trim
must run in the correct direction.

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(g) With the aircraft at rest (at an airspeed of 0 km/hr) move the trim wheel until it comes to a stop.
Press the TRIM (MET) button on the control wheel and hold it until the trim wheel stops
turning.
Verify that the trim operation time is within 27s ± 3 s.
Repeat the same procedure moving the trim controls in the opposite direction.

(h) Perform the check as per para (4-g) above at a simulated airspeed of 330 km/hr (178 kts)
(over the RH Pitot hub).

(i) The trim operation time must be within 40s ± 3s. Repeat the check with the trim running in
the opposite direction. After ending, set the neutral position of the pitch trim tab.

(j) Press the CWS button. Command bars on the FDI must come into view. FD is illuminated.

(k) Press the AP pushbutton on the autopilot control panel, AP and FD annunciators are
illuminated.

(l) Press and hold the CWS buttons and verify that the ROLL, PITCH and PITCH TRIM servo
clutches disengage.

(m) The YAW servo clutch does not disengage. Unloose the CWS buttons

(n) With the autopilot engaged, apply force to the controls to determine if the servos can be
overpowered in all axes.

(5) Autopilot disconnection check.

(a) Check the autopilot disconnection by pressing the both TRIM (MET) switches - emit the
warning aural tone. AP annunciator (on the autopilot control panel) is blinking and
extinguish.

(b) Verify that the ROLL, PITCH and PITCH TRIM servo clutches are disengage. The YAW
servo clutch does not disengage.

(c) Press the AP button on the autopilot control panel, switch off the AP/FD circuit breaker on
the overhead panel. Verify that the ROLL, PITCH and PITCH TRIM servo clutches are
disengage and that the YAW servo is disengage.

(d) Switch on the AP/FD circuit breaker on the overhead panel, perform the PFT - Preflight
test, and press the AP pushbutton on the autopilot control panel. Press the AP
DISCONECT pushbutton on the left steering wheel. AP annunciator is blinking and goes
the warning aural tone. Repeat the test with the AP DISCONECT pushbutton on the right
steering wheel.

CAUTION: ALL FOLLOWING TESTS (FD / AP CHECK, NAV I, NAV II / GPS) ARE
CARRY ON AT FIRST WITH ACTIVATED FD (CLUTCHES
DISENGAGED) AT SECOND WITH ACTIVATED AP (ON THE KMC 321).

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(6) FD / AP check (FDI commands).

NOTE: Verify that the landing flaps system is in the zero position (zero indication)

(a) Set the steering column to the slightly pull on position. Switch on the AP on the autopilot
control panel. Press the UP/DOWN toggle switch on the autopilot control panel.

CAUTION: THE FDI COMMAND BARS (LEFT HORIZON) MUST RUN IN THE
CORRECT DIRECTION (UP AND DOWN) AND SAME SO MUST RUN THE
STEERING COLUMNS

(b) Reduce the motion of the steering column, repeated the test and verify that the automatic
electric trim (AUTOTRIM) carry out in same direction as command after 3 sec delay after
handhold of the steering column.

NOTE: Abort the test can be with using AP DISCONNECT pushbutton on the left or
right steering wheel.

(c) Set the initial position for tests the HDG, NAV, APR and GPS modes. Set the left HSI so
that the over switch the SLAVE / FREE switch to the FREE position and with the CCW-CW
button set up course i.e. 35°.

(d) Set the HDG a CRS knobs on the course 35° to the opposite the fixed white line
(LUBBER LINE).

(7) HDG DATUM course mode check.

(a) Press the FD and at good gyro compass function (i.e. Compass flags out of view) press
the HDG button on the autopilot control panel.

(b) Turn the HDG knob (course selector) to the right and left +/- 30°from the fixed white
line (LUBBER LINE) (on the left HSI).

CAUTION: MUST BE VALID FOLLOWING CORRELATIONS:

CRS TO RIGHT - FDI BANKING TO RIGHT
CRS TO LEFT - FDI BANKING TO LEFT

(8) NAV mode check-NAV RIGHT-LEFT, CRS DATUM.

(a) Set the initial position for tests the HDG, NAV, APR and GPS modes. Set the left HSI so
that the over switch the SLAVE / FREE switch to the FREE position and with the CCW-CW
button set up course i.e. 35°.

(b) Set the HDG a CRS knobs on the course 35° to the opposite the fixed white line
(LUBBER LINE).

(c) Set the Nav tester (e.g. IFR 4000) and NAV I (NAV II) receiver on the 108.00 MHz.

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(d) Set the VOR BRG 49° TO on the Nav tester (e.g. IFR 4000), thus evocate full CDI
deviation to right.

(e) Press the FD, HDG, NAV pushbuttons on the autopilot control panel and FD, HDG, NAV
ARM annunciators will be illuminated on the control and annunciator panel (if installed).
Reduce the CDI deviation on the value BRG TO 39° by means the NAV tester.

(f) After slowly reduce the value on the 35° (34°). The ARM and HDG annunciators
extinguished while passing through the center of the CDI.

CAUTION: AT TURNING THE CRS +/- 10°FROM THE FIXED WHITE LIN E (LUBBER
LINE) MUST THE FDI TRACED THE BAR MOTION AS FOLLOWS:
(CRS TO RIGHT - FDI BANKING TO RIGHT
CRS TO LEFT - FDI BANKING TO LEFT).

(g) Set to zero the CDI deviation when is switch off NAV tester.

(h) Turn the CRS knob on the HSI ± 30° from the fixed white line (LUBBER LINE).

CAUTION: FDI COMMAND BARS MUST DEVIATE ACCORDING TO THE CHANGE

OF THE CRS.
CRS - TO RIGHT FROM THE FIXED WHITE LINE - FDI - BANKING TO
RIGHT
CRS - TO LEFT FROM THE FIXED WHITE LINE - FDI - BANKING TO LEFT
CRS - 0 - FDI - 0.

(i) Switch on again NAV tester (e.g. IFR 4000).

(9) APR, GS and BC modes check (NAV LEFT - RIGHT, GS UP - DN, GS FLAG, LOC ENG).

(a) Set the initial position for tests the HDG, NAV, APR and GPS modes. Set the left HSI so
that the over switch the SLAVE / FREE switch to the FREE position and with the CCW-CW
button set up course i.e. 35°.

(b) Set the NAV I (NAV II) receiver at the 108.10 MHz LOC frequency.

(c) Set the G/S XTL-HI on the NAV tester (e.g. IFR 4000).
334.70 MHz (108.10 MHz LOC) frequency must be displayed on the display.

(d) Switch to function the PEAK LOCK overswitch (ganged function LOC-GS).

(e) Switch DDM LOC 0.155 to right and DDM GS 0.175 up.

(f) Switch on the FD, HDG, APR on the autopilot control panel, reduce the value by means
DDM LOC to the zero CDI Deviation.

(g) FD, HDG, APR ARM annunciators are illuminated on the control and annunciator panel.

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(h) The ARM and HDG annunciators extinguished while passing through the center of the
CDI.

CAUTION: CHANGE OF THE DDM LOC DEVIATION ON THE NAV TESTER (E. G.
IFR 4000) MUST THE FDI TRACED THE BAR MOTION AS FOLLOWS:
CDI TO RIGHT - FDI BANKING TO RIGHT
CDI TO LEFT - FDI BANKING TO LEFT

(i) Set the zero the CDI by means DDM LOC and reduce the deviation of the GS indicator by
means DDM G/S on the NAV Tester to the zero.

NOTE: After reach of the zero deviation of the GS indicator, GS annunciator is

illuminated on the annunciator panel and simultaneously FDI decline and
returned to the zero position (return to the tracing deviation of the GS indicator)

CAUTION: CHANGE OF THE CDI DEVIATION BY MEANS DDM G/S ON THE NAV
TESTER (E. G. IFR 4000) MUST THE FDI TRACED MOTION OF THE
INDICATOR AS FOLLOWS:
GS UP - FDI UP;
GS DOWN - FDI DOWN;
GS 0 - FDI 0.

NOTE: In case repeatedly check, repeated the procedure from the para (d).

(10) CRS check in APR mode.

(a) Set the initial position for tests the HDG, NAV, APR. Set the left HSI so that the over switch
the SLAVE / FREE switch to the FREE position and with the CCW-CW button set up
course i.e. 35°.

(b) Set the HDG a CRS knobs on the course 35° to the opposite the fixed white line
(LUBBER LINE).

(c) Switch on the FD, HDG, APR on the autopilot control panel.

(d) Set the zero of the CDI DDM LOC and turn the CRS on the left HSI ± 30° from the fixed
white line (LUBBER LINE).

CAUTION: MUST BE VALID FOLLOWING CORRELATIONS:

CRS TO RIGHT - FDI BANKING TO RIGHT
CRS TO LEFT - FDI BANKING TO LEFT

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(11) BC check (Back course) in APR mode.

(a) Set the initial position for tests the HDG, NAV, APR. Set the left HSI so that the over switch
the SLAVE / FREE switch to the FREE position and with the CCW-CW button set up
course i.e. 35°.

(b) Set the HDG a CRS knobs on the course 35° to the opposite the fixed white line
(LUBBER LINE).

(c) Switch on the FD, HDG, APR and BC on the autopilot control panel.

(d) Set the zero of the CDI DDM LOC, press BC and turn the CRS on the left HSI ± 30° from
the fixed white line (LUBBER LINE).

CAUTION: MUST BE VALID FOLLOWING CORRELATIONS:

CRS TO RIGHT - FDI BANKING TO LEFT
CRS TO LEFT - FDI BANKING TO RIGHT
CRS - 0 - FDI - 0
CHANGE OF THE DDM LOC DEVIATION ON THE NAV TESTER (E. G.
IFR 4000) MUST THE FDI TRACING THE BAR MOTION AS FOLLOWS:
CDI TO RIGHT - FDI BANKING TO LEFT
CDI TO LEFT - FDI BANKING TO RIGHT
CDI - 0 - FDI BANKING - 0

(12) Switched the autopilot off

(a) Analog version:

Switch off the BATTERY I, II switches the INVERTERS 115 V I, II, EL. TRIM, AP / FD,
INTERCOM I, II, PA, SSR I, RADIOALTIMETER I, FLAPS, LIGHTING and
GYROCOMPASS I circuit breakers on the overhead panel.
Switch off the GYRO HORIZON on the left instrument panel.

(b) EFIS version

Switch off the BATTERY I, II switches and the INVERTERS 36 V I, II, EL. TRIM, AP / FD,
INTERCOM I, II, PA, SSR I, RADIOALTIMETER I, FLAPS, LIGHTING, AHRS I, II,
ADC I, II, PFD I, II, DCU, DCP I, II, CHP circuit breakers on the overhead panel.

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KFC 325 OR KFC 275 AUTOPILOT

REMOVAL / INSTALLATION

1. Removal / installation of autopilot servo torque clutches and their check

A. Fixture, Test and Support Equipment KPN 071-6010-00 Spline adapter
KPN 071 6011-00 Clutch plate
KPN 071-6017-01 Holding fixture
KPN 071-6018-06 Gear Adapter Assembly
B 598 975 N (2 pc) Blocking of the control cables

B. Materials Binding wire

093-0002-20 Titanium cotter key
047-3512-00, 076-0858-00 Friction ring

C. Tools 7/64 inch Hex socket driver (spanner)

1 1/8 inch Socket wrench
1 1/16 inch Socket wrench
7/16 inch adapter to the torque wrench
Torque wrench:
TE-FVA to 300 (in lb)
TEC-12A to 150 (in lb)
TE 6A to 75 (in lb)

D. Referenced information 022.10.00.A

Periodical

E. Procedures

(1) Remove the LH pilot’s seat (see Chapter 25).

(2) Remove covers of the LH cockpit floor panels.

(3) Release the quick-release fasteners of the cover on bulkhead No. 21.

(4) Locate a B 596 331 N servicing platform in the bay behind bulkhead No. 21.

CAUTION: ANY ADJUSTMENT AND SETTING ON THE AUTOPILOT SERVOS AND

SERVO TORQUE CLUTCHES MAY ONLY BE CARRIED OUT BY DULY
AUTHORIZED SERVICE CENTER / PERSONS.

(5) Remove KS 272 A elevator trim tab servo - according to the WP (work procedure) No. 2 in this
section (removal / installation).

(a) Check for corrosion and contamination according to item (10)

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(b) Remove the sprocket (6) - see fig. 404 - with the clutch and gear from the shaft of the servo.

(c) Unscrew the nut, dismantle the clutch, clean and degrease its friction surface with alcohol,
if need be.

CAUTION: DO NOT USE THE DENATURED ALCOHOL!

THE CLUTCH FRICTION SURFACES MUST BE CLEAN, DRY AND FREE
FROM GREASE.

(d) Check the friction rings and replace with new ones, if need be.

(e) Assemble the clutch.

CAUTION: TAKE CARE TO LOCATE THE INDIVIDUAL PARTS OF THE CLUTCH,

PARTICULARBY THE DISH-TYPE SPRINGS.

(f) Tighten the nut to meet the torque value shown in table 401.

Servo Torque (in . lbs) Torque wrench

Elevator KSA 372 X 125 ± 10 TEC 12 A

Ailerons KSA 372 X 175 ± 15 TE 25-FUA
Rudder KSA 372 145 ± 15 TEC 12 A
Elevator trim tab KS 272 A 26 ± 2 TE 6 A

Table 401: VALUES OF TORQUES FOR SERVOES AUTOPILOT AND USED

TORQUE WRENCH

(g) Clamp a KPN 071-6017-01 holding fixture in a bench vise - see Fig. 401A. Locate the clutch
assembly so that the holding fixture pins fit in between the teeth of the sprocket. (or clamp the
clutch-gear assembly in a bench vise that has rubber-covered grips - to protect the roller chain
sprocket teeth - see Fig. 401B). Fit a KPN 071-6018-06 gear adapter assembly on the clutch-
capstan assembly.

(h) Pat a torque wrench on the hexagon of the gear and adjust according to the table 401.
Test the clutch torque must be done three in each direction. The values measured must be
within the specified tolerance.

(i) Fit the sprocket (6) - see fig. 404 with the clutch and gear to the shaft of the servo, and
secure with the retaining ring (7).

(j) Make a record of the check and adjustment of the clutch on a label stick to the base of the
servo.

(6) Install the KS 272 A elevator trim tab servo - according to the WP No. 2 in this section (removal
/ installation).

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(a) Check that the elevator trim tab is in the neutral position and release the elevator trim tab
control wheel.

FIG. 401A PRINCIPLE OF THE TORQUE ADJUSTMENT OF THE KS 272A ELEVATOR TRIM TAB
SERVO CLUTCH (KM 275 AND 277 CLUTCH)

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FIG. 401B PRINCIPLE OF THE TORQUE ADJUSTMENT OF THE KS 272A ELEVATOR TRIM TAB
SERVO CLUTCH WITHOUT KPN 071-6017-01 HOLDING FIXTURE (KM 275 AND 277
CLUTCH)

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(7) Remove KSA 372X elevator servo, KSA 372X aileron servo and KSA 372 rudder servo -
according to the WP No. 2 in this section (removal / installation).

(a) Check for corrosion and contamination according to item (10)

(8) Removal and adjustment of KSA 372X and KSA 372 servo torque clutch.

(a) Remove the screws (7) - see fig. 402 from the clutch assembly cover (6) on
the capstan (1).

(b) Remove the clutch assembly cover, and remove the clutch assembly (2).
Screw the clutch assembly (2) on a KPN 071-6011-00 clutch plate clamped in a viсe.

(c) Remove the titanium cotter key from the adjusting nut (4), and unscrew the nut.
Dismantle the clutch, clean and degrease its friction surfaces with alcohol if need be.

CAUTION: DO NOT USE THE DENATURED ALCOHOL!

THE CLUTCH FRICTION SURFACES MUST BE CLEAN, DRY, AND FREE
FROM GREASE.

(d) Check the friction rings and replace with new ones, if need be.

(e) Assemble the clutch.

CAUTION: TAKE CARE TO LOCATE THE INDIVIDUAL PARTS OF THE CLUTCH,

PARTICULARLY, THE DISH-TYPE SPRINGS, PROPERLY.

(f) Tighten the nut (4) - see fig. 402 to meet the torque value shown in table 401.

(g) Insert a KPN 071-6010-00 spline shaft to the clutch hub. Fit a torque wrench of a corresponding
value (see table 401) on the spline shaft.

NOTE: Test the clutch torque three times in each direction.

(h) Having adjusted the correct value, secure the nut with the titanium cotter key.
Make a record of the clutch check and adjustment on a label stick on the back of
a 057-1502-00 ring.
Insert the clutch assembly (2) into the capstan (1).
Attach the cover (6) to the capstan head (1) by means of screws (7).

(9) Install KSA 372X elevator servo, KSA 372X aileron servo and KSA 372 rudder servo -
according to the WP No. 2 in this section (removal / installation).

(10) Check for corrosion and contamination (KSA 372X, KSA 372, and KS 272A servo)

(a) Remove the servo housing and check visually for corrosion and contamination, or other
objects or substance which could impair the operation of the servo, particularly at the
electromagnet location.

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(b) In case that any foreign matter or objects are found, dismantle the servo electromagnet and
the switching disk and blow the impurities out using dry compressed air of a pressure not
exceeding 0.1 MPa (15 psi).

(c) Reassemble the electromagnet and switching disk.

(d) Reinstall the servo housing.

(11) Check and adjustment of servo cable tension.

(a) Check for tension of the cables. The values found must meet those given in table 402.
Should these values differ, adjust the cable tension as instructed in the technological
procedure 027.00.00.E.

force
control cable
(lb) (N) (kp)

PITCH 33 ± 3 147 ± 13 14.7 ± 1.3

ROLL 33 ± 3 147 ± 13 14.7 ± 1.3
YAW 35 ± 3 156 ± 13 15.6 ± 1.3
ELEVATOR TRIM TAB 50.7 ± 5 222 ± 22 22.6 ± 2.2

Table 402: VALUES OF SERVO CABLE TENSION.

FIG. 402 KSA 372 X AND KSA 372 SERVO CLUTCH ASSEMBLY
(1) Capstan head; (2) Clutch assembly; (4) Adjusting nut; (5) Cotter key; (6) Clutch assembly
cover; (7) Screw

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FIG. 403 PRINCIPLE OF THE TORQUE ADJUSTMENT OF THE KSA 372X AND KSA 372 SERVO
CLUTCH (KSM 375 AND 376 CLUTCH)

(12) Work close up

(a) Remove the B 596 331 N servicing platform from the bay behind the bulkhead No. 21.

(b) Fix the cover to bulkhead No. 21 by means of quick release fasteners.

(c) Reinstall the covers of the LH cockpit floor panel.

(d) Reinstall the RH pilot’s seat. (see chapter 25).

(e) Check for proper function of the autopilot according to the work procedure
no. 1 -Check of autopilot function - mentioned in this section
(section SERVICING - from the page 301)

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2. Removal / installation of autopilot servos

A. Fixture, Test and Support Equipment B 598 975 N (2 pc) Blocking of the control cables

B. Materials Binding wire

C. Tools 7/64 inch Hex socket driver (spanner)

¼´´ Ratchet
100mm ¼´´ Extension
150mm ¼´´ Extension
7/16 inch Female spanner

D. Referenced information -

E. Procedures

(1) Remove the LH pilot’s seat (see Chapter 25).

(2) Remove covers of the LH cockpit floor panels.

(3) Release the quick-release fasteners of the cover on bulkhead No. 21.

(4) Locate a B 596 331 N servicing platform in the bay behind bulkhead No. 21.

(5) Remove KS 272 A elevator trim tab servo installed in the bay behind bulkhead No. 21.

(a) Set the elevator trim tab control wheel to the central position and secure it against moving
with blocking control cables (9) - see fig. 404.

CAUTION: IT IS VERY IMPORTANT TO THE SECURE THE CONTROL CABLES

AGAINST MOVING.

(b) Remove the sprocket protection cover with help the cross screwdriver.

(c) Disconnect the bonding strip at the turnbuckle (3) - see fig. 404.

(d) Remove the binding wire securing the turnbuckle (3) and unscrew them.

(e) Remove the cable (2) from the sprockets (4) and (6).

(f) Remove the retaining ring (7) from the shaft of the servo (1).

(g) Remove KS 272 A servo.

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FIG. 404 ELEVATOR TRIM TAB SERVO

(1) KS 272A elevator trim tab servo; (2) Cable with chain; (3) Turnbuckle; (4) Sprocket;
(5) Drum; (6) Servo sprocket; (7) Retaining ring; (8) Chain coupler, (9) Blocking of the control
cables

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(6) Install the KS 272 A elevator trim tab servo

(a) Make a record of the check and adjustment of the clutch on a label stick to the base of the
servo.

(b) Fit the sprocket (6) see Fig. 404 with the clutch and gear to the shaft of the servo, and
secure with the retaining ring (7).

(c) Install the servo reeve the cable and chain through the sprockets as shown on fig. 404.

(d) Check undisturbed and right orientation chain couplers (8). The couplers have to be installed
so that fuse point from the second cable at the control circuit.

(e) Connect the cable (2) with the elevator trim tab control cable by means of a turnbuckle, and
adjust the cable tension to 22.5 ± 2.25 kp (225 ± 22.5 N, 50 ± 5 lbs).

CAUTION: THREADS OF THE CABLE AND CONNECTORS MUST BE FULLY HIDDEN

IN THE TURNBUCKLE.

(f) Install the landing strip in parallel with the turnbuckle.

(g) Secure both the turnbuckle and the bonding strip by means of a binding wire.

(h) Mount the sprocket protection cover with help the cross screwdriver.

(i) Check that the elevator trim tab is in the neutral position and release the elevator trim tab
control wheel (cables) - remove the blocking of the control cables.

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(7) Remove KSA 372X aileron servo

(a) Disconnect the plug (socket-plug connection)

(b) Remove the 4pcs screws - position No. 36 - see Fig. 405

(c) Remove KSA 372X aileron servo

FIG. 405 KSA 372X AILERON SERVO

For legend see the Illustrated parts catalogue (IPC) of the aircraft

(8) Install KSA 372X aileron servo

(a) Mount the 4pcs screws - position No. 36 - see Fig. 405

(b) Connect the plug (socket-plug connection)

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(9) Remove KSA 372X elevator servo

(a) Disconnect the plug (socket-plug connection)

(b) Remove the 4pcs screws - position No. 7 - see Fig. 406

(c) Remove KSA 372X elevator servo

FIG. 406 KSA 372X ELEVATOR SERVO

For legend see the Illustrated parts catalogue (IPC) of the aircraft

(10) Install KSA 372X elevator servo

(a) Mount the 4pcs screws - position No. 7 - see Fig. 406

(b) Connect the plug (socket-plug connection)

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(11) Remove KSA 372 rudder servo

(a) Disconnect the plug (socket-plug connection)

(b) Remove the 4pcs screws - position No. 27 - see Fig. 407

(c) Remove KSA 372 rudder servo

FIG. 407 KSA 372 RUDDER SERVO

For legend see the Illustrated parts catalogue (IPC) of the aircraft

(12) Install KSA 372 rudder servo

(a) Mount the 4pcs screws - position No. 27 - see Fig. 407

(b) Connect the plug (socket-plug connection)

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(13) Check and adjustment of servos cable tension.

(a) Check for tension of the cables. The values found must meet those given in table 402.
Should these values differ, adjust the cable tension as instructed in the technological
procedure 027.00.00.E.

(14) Work close up

(a) Remove the B 596 331 N servicing platform from the bay behind the bulkhead No. 21.

(b) Fix the cover to bulkhead No. 21 by means of quick release fasteners.

(c) Reinstall the covers of the LH cockpit floor panel.

(d) Reinstall the RH pilot’s seat. (see chapter 25).

(e) Check for proper function of the autopilot according to the work procedure
no. 1 -Check of autopilot function - mentioned in this section
(section SERVICING - from the page 301)

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CONTROL AND SIGNALIZATION OF KFC 325 OR KFC 275 AUTOPILOT

DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION

1. General
The operation of flight control system and signalization of its operating conditions are provided by means
of the following instruments.
A. The KMC 321 Mode controller
The mode controller provides switching ON/OFF of the autopilot and the flight director control and by
pressing an appropriate push-button the individual system mode is selected.
Moreover, there is located the TEST push-button to provide the test of flight control system and the
switch of horizontal control (allows to set flight altitude or pitching position without cancellation of preset
mode of commanded control system or without turning off the autopilot).
Moreover, the control box allows to indicate switching on the individual system modes
(activated modes use the green light indication, standby modes use amber light).

FIG. 1 THE KMC 321 MODE CONTROLLER

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B. The KAS 297C Altitude setter

The KAS 297C Altitude setter allows to preset a required flight altitude at climb and descent and the
vertical airspeed at climb and descent.

FIG. 2 THE KAS 297 ALTITUDE SETTER

C. The KAP 315 A Annunciator panel

The annunciator panel provides continuously data on operation conditions. It indicates operating modes
being just activated and standby modes before activation.
Moreover, the alarm annunciation of elevator trim failure is indicated.

FIG. 3 THE KAP 315 A ANNUNCIATOR PANEL

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D. The UP-TRIM-DN, A/P DISC Switch and CWS Push-button

• The UP-TRIM-DN (on the left steering wheel)
The servodrive of an elevator trim tab is controlled by the switch. The switch consists of two halves -
- the left half provides the supply of trim tab servodrive clutch, the right half controls the direction
of motion. To use the switch correctly both the halves must be pressed.
• The A/P disk switch (on the left and right steering wheel)
The switch controls immediate turning off of all the servodrives and circuits of flight director mode.
• The CWS switch (on the left and right steering wheel)
Press The push-button activated the flight director mode (FD).

NOTE: The FD mode can be activated with the FD push-button on the mode controller.

• GA push-button (on left ECL)

The GA push-button is used to engrage the go-ground mode pressing the push-button cancels all
the activated modes). The flight control system enables selection of 14 operating modes which
provide signals for the flight director and the autopilot.

FIG. 4 THE SWITCHES ON THE LEFT AND RIGHT STEERING WHEEL

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E. NAV 1/NAV 2 annunciator push-button switch (if installed)

The NAV 1/NAV 2 annunciator push-button switch provides switching over of the cooperate navigation
system with the autopilot. If the switch is in the position NAV 1 - the left PNI indicator displays navigation
data from NAV I system (the right PNI indicator from the NAV II) and the autopilot cooperates with the
NAV I system. If the switch is in the position NAV 2 the left PNI indicator displays navigation data from
the NAV II system (the right PNI indicator from the NAV I system) and the autopilot cooperates with
the NAV II system.
The NAV 1 / NAV 2 annunciator (on the cover of the control panel) indicates which navigation data
(either from the NAV I or the NAV II navigation system) are displayed on the right PNI indicator.
• KA 138 relay switch

NOTE: This switch is only installed in aircrafts on which the Information Bulletin
No. L410 UVP-E/040b has been accomplished.
The relay switch enables the autopilot to be connected either to NAV 1 (KX 165) or
NAV 2 (KNS 81) system (see Sub-Section 034.53.00). The relay switch is controlled by a select
switch with NAV 1/NAV 2 annunciators.
In normal operation, the autopilot system is connected to NAV 1 system. With the autopilot
engaged, NAV 1 annunciator on the select push-button is illuminated on the copiloťs side. When
switching over to NAV 2, the KI 525A indicators are also switched over simultaneously, and the
NAV 2 annunciator on the select push-button is illuminated on the pilot’s side with the NAV 1
annunciator illuminated on the copilot’s side.

2. Control servo description

A. Aileron servo:

No. Name Type (Dwg. No.) Part number Note

1. ROLL servo KSA 372 X 065-00056-0070 -

2. ROLL servo mount KSM 375 065-00015-0001 -
3. ROLL servo clutch - 200-00318-0001 TQ = 175 in . lbs

The aileron control by autopilot servo is operated by a KSA 372X electric servo (fig. 5) located under
cockpit floor between frames No. 6 and 7. Motion of the servo drum is transferred by cable transmission (2)
to a sector with bell crank (3). Cable transmission is tensioned to 147N (15 kp). Tension of the cable
transmission can be adjusted by means of turnbuckles (4). Motion of the bell crank is transferred by
a tie rod (5) a to quadrant (6) which actuates primary aileron control.

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FIG. 5 AILERON SERVO

(1) KSA 372 X aileron servo; (2) Cable transmission; (3) Sector with bell crank; (4) Turnbuckle;
(5) Tie rod; (6) Quadrant

B. Rudder servo:

No. Name Type (Dwg. No.) Part number Note

1. YAW servo KSA 372 065-00056-0050 -
2. YAW servo mount KSM 375 065-00015-0001 -
3. YAW servo clutch - 200-00318-0001 TQ = 145 in . lbs

The rudder control by autopilot servo is operated by a KSA 372 electric servo (fig. 6) located on frame
No. 24. Motion of the servo drum is transferred by cable transmission (3) supported by pulleys (5) to
rudder primary control cables. Cable transmission is tensioned to 147 N (15 kp). Tension of the cable
transmission can be adjusted by means of turnbuckles (2). Clamps (4) are used to attach the cable
transmission to the primary control cables.

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FIG. 6 RUDDER SERVO

(1) KSA 372 rudder servo; (2) Turnbuckle; (3) Cable transmission; (4) Clamp; (5) Pulley

C. Elevator servo:

No. Name Type (Dwg. No.) Part number Note

1. PITCH servo KSA 372 X 065-00056-0070 -

2. PITCH servo mount KSM 375 065-00015-0001 -
3. PITCH servo clutch - 200-00318-0001 TQ = 125 in . lbs

The elevator control by autopilot servo is operated by a KSA 372 X electric servo (fig. 7) located at frame
No. 26. Motion of the servo drum is transferred by cable transmission (3) supported by a pulley (4) to
the elevator primary control system. The cable transmission is tensioned to 147 N (15 kp). Tension
of the cable transmission can be adjusted by turnbuckles (2).

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FIG. 7 ELEVATOR SERVO

(1) KSA 372 X elevator servo; (2) Turnbuckle; (3) Cable transmission; (4) Drive-pulley provided
with lever

D. Elevator trim tab servo:

No. Name Type (Dwg. No.) Part number Note

1. PITCH TRIM servo KS 272 A 065-00061-0050 -

2. PITCH TRIM mount KM 277 065-00041-0002 -
3. PITCH TRIM clutch - 200-02085-0002 TQ = 26 in . lbs

The elevator trim tab control by autopilot servo is operated by a KS 272 A electric servo (fig. 8) located on
frame No. 23. Motion of the servo sprocket is transferred to a cable and chain (2) of the trim tab primary
control. The cables are tensioned to 222 N (22.6 kp). Tension of the cable transmission can be adjusted
by turnbuckles (3).

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FIG. 8 ELEVATOR TRIM TAB SERVO

(1) KS 272 A elevator trim tab servo; (2) Cable and chair; (3) Turnbuckle; (4) Sprocket;
(5) Chain-coupler

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