Ir.

Soekarno

Ir. Soekarno (born in Blitar, East Java, June 6, 1901 - died in Jakarta, June 21,
1970 at age 69 years) is Indonesia's first president who served two terms from 1945 to
1966. He played an important role for the liberation of Indonesia from Dutch
colonialism. He is a digger Pancasila. He was proclaimed Indonesian independence
(along with Mohammad Hatta) which occurred on August 17, 1945.

Sukarno signed the Warrant March 11, 1966 Supersemar controversial, in which -
according to the released version of Army Headquarters - Lt. Gen. Suharto assigned to
secure and maintain state security and the institution of the presidency. Supersemar
basis Lieutenant General Suharto to dissolve the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI)
and replace the members who sit in parliament. After the answer denied liability
Provisional People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) in the fourth general assembly in
1967, President Sukarno removed from office as president in the MPRS Special
Session of the same year and raised Suharto as acting President of the Republic of
Indonesia.

Sukarno was born with the name Kusno Sosrodihardjo. His father named Raden
Soekemi Sosrodihardjo, a teacher in Surabaya, Java. His mother was Ida Ayu Nyoman
Rai comes from Buleleng, Bali

As a young child living with his grandfather Sukarno in Tulungagung, East Java.
At the age of 14 years, a friend of his father who called Tjokroaminoto Sukarno
invited to stay in Surabaya and schooled to Hoogere Burger School (HBS) in there
with a Koran in the Tjokroaminoto. At Surabaya, Sukarno many met with the SI
leaders, the organization led Tjokroaminoto time. Sukarno then joined the
organization Jong Java (Java Youth).

Finished H.B.S. 1920, Sukarno continued to Technische Hoge School (now ITB)
in Bandung, and graduated in 1925. While in Bandung, Sukarno interact with Tjipto
Mangunkusumo and Dr. Douwes Dekker, who was then leader of the National
organization Indische Partij.

In 1926, Sukarno founded Algemene Study Club in Bandung. This organization

became the embryo of the Indonesian National Party, founded in 1927. Sukarno's PNI
activity causes arrest in the Netherlands in December 1929, and led to a phenomenal
pledoinya: Indonesia Sue, to be released back on December 31, 1931.

In July 1932, Sukarno joined the Party of Indonesia (Partindo), which is a fraction
of the PNI. Sukarno was arrested again in August 1933, and exiled to Flores. Here,
Sukarno was almost forgotten by the national figures. But his spirit still burning as
implied in every letter to a teacher of Islamic Unity named Ahmad Hassan.

In the year 1938 until the year 1942 Sukarno was exiled to the province of new
Bengkulu.Soekarno free return during the Japanese occupation in 1942.
In the early Japanese colonial period (1942-1945), the Japanese government had not
noticed movement figures for Indonesia, especially "secure" its presence in Indonesia.
This looks at the character's Movement 3A and Mr. Shimizu. Shamsuddin is not so
popular.

But eventually, the Japanese occupation government attention and at the same
time take advantage of Indonesian figures such as Sukarno, Mohammad Hatta and
others in each of the organizations and institutions to attract the hearts institutions
Indonesian population. Mentioned in various organizations such as Java Hokokai,
Center for the People's Power (Putera), BPUPKI and PPKI, of figures such as
Sukarno, Hatta, Ki Hajar Dewantara, KH Mas Mansyur and other options mentioned
and looks very active. And finally the national leaders in cooperation with the
occupation government to achieve the independence of Indonesia, although some are
underground movement like Sutan Syahrir and Amir Syarifuddin because they think
Japan is a dangerous fascist.

President Soekarno himself, during his opening address before reading the text of
the proclamation of independence, saying that although we work together with Japan
we actually believe and believe and rely on their own strength.

He is active in preparation for the independence of Indonesia, including the

formulation of Pancasila, the 1945 Constitution and the basic foundation of
Indonesian rule, including formulating the text of the proclamation of Independence.
He could be persuaded to get out to Rengasdengklok Events Rengasdengklok.

In 1943, Japanese Prime Minister Hideki Tojo to invite leaders of Indonesia

Sukarno, Mohammad Hatta and Ki Bagoes Hadikoesoemo to Japan and received by
Emperor Hirohito. Even the emperor gave Star Empire (Holy Rachael) to the three
figures is Indonesia. The awarding of stars that makes the Japanese occupation
government was surprised, because it means that the three characters were considered
Indonesia Japanese imperial family itself. In August 1945, he was invited by Marshal
Terauchi, the Army leadership in the Southeast Asian region Dalat Vietnam who later
declared that the proclamation of Indonesian independence is a matter of the
Indonesian people themselves. But his involvement in bodies formed organization
accused Japan made by the Dutch Sukarno cooperated with the Japanese, among
others in romusha case.

Sukarno with the national leaders began to prepare themselves before the
proclamation of independence of the Republic of Indonesia. After hearing the
Investigating Committee of Indonesian Independence Preparation Business BPUPKI,
subcommittee consisting of eight people (official), subcommittee consisting of nine
persons per committee Nine (which produces the Jakarta Charter) and the Preparatory
Committee for Indonesian Independence PPKI, Soekarno-Hatta Indonesia State
founded based on Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution.

After seeing Marshal Terauchi in Dalat, Vietnam, there Rengasdengklok event on

August 16, 1945; Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta were persuaded by the youth to get
away to boarding homeland defense forces Rengasdengklok Map. Youth leaders who
persuaded the others Soekarni, Wikana, Singgih and Chairul Saleh. The youths
demanded that Sukarno and Hatta declared independence soon the Republic of
Indonesia, because Indonesia's power vacuum there. This is because Japan had
surrendered and Allied troops had not arrived. But Sukarno, Hatta and the leaders
refused to wait for clarity about the reasons for Japan's surrender. Another reason is
the Soekarno developing appropriate moment to establish the independence of the
Republic of Indonesia which is chosen on 17 August 1945 when it coincided with
Ramadan, the Muslim holy month that is believed to be in the first revelation of the
Muslims to the Prophet Muhammad's Qur'an. On August 18, 1945, Sukarno and
Mohammad Hatta PPKI be appointed by the President and Vice President of the
Republic of Indonesia. On August 29, 1945 appointment as president and vice
president confirmed by KNIP.Pada on 19 September 1945 the authority to resolve the
Soekarno bloodless field event in which 200,000 people Ikada Jakarta will clash with
Japanese troops who were armed to the teeth.

At the time of arrival of the Allies (AFNEI) led by Lieutenant General. Sir Philip
Christison, Christison finally recognize the sovereignty of Indonesia as a de facto
after meeting with President Sukarno. President Sukarno was also trying to resolve
the crisis in Surabaya. However, due to forces launched provocation NICA
(Netherlands) who ride the Allies. (under UK) burst event 10 November 1945 in
Surabaya and the death of Brigadier General AWS Mallaby.

Since many provocations in Jakarta at the time, President Soekarno eventually

move the capital city of Indonesia from Jakarta to Yogyakarta. Followed by vice
president and high officials of other countries.

The position of President Sukarno by the 1945 Constitution is the position of

president as head of government and head of state (presidential / single executive).
During the revolution of independence, the system of government into executive
semi-presidensiil/double. President Sukarno as head of state and Sutan Syahrir as
Prime Minister / Head of Government. It happened because of the vice presidential
decree No X, and the government decree in November 1945 about the political
parties. This is taken to the Republic of Indonesia is considered a more democratic
country.
Although the system of government changed, at the time of the revolution for
independence, the position of President remains the most important, especially in the
face of the Madiun affair during 1948 and the Dutch military aggression II that led to
President Soekarno, Vice-President Mohammad Hatta and a number of high state
officials arrested the Netherlands. Despite the Emergency Government of the
Republic of Indonesia (Emergency Government) with the head Sjafruddin
Prawiranegara, but in reality the international and domestic situation continued to
recognize that the Soekarno-Hatta Indonesia is a real leader, only policies that could
solve the Indonesian-Dutch dispute.

President Soekarno was appointed as President of the United States of Indonesia

(RIS) and Mohammad Hatta was appointed as prime minister of RIS. The position of
President of Republic of Indonesia submitted to Mr. Assaat, which became known as
the Java-Yogyakarta Indonesia. However, because the demands of all Indonesian
people who want to return to a unitary state, then on August 17, 1950, USI re-
transformed into the Republic of Indonesia and President Sukarno became President.
Mandate as stakeholders Assaat Mr. President position be returned to Ir. Sukarno. The
official position of President Sukarno was the constitutional president, but in fact
government policy made after consultation with him.

Myth Dwitunggal Soekarno-Hatta quite popular and more powerful among the
people than the head of government of prime minister. Cabinet downs known as
"cabinet for the rest of the corn" to make less trusting President multiparty system,
even called it a "partisan disease". Not infrequently, he also stepped in to mediate the
conflicts in the military body that also impact on the cabinet downs. As October 17,
1952 events and events in the Air Force.

President Sukarno also provides many ideas in the international community.

Concern over the fate of Afro-Asian nations, is still not free, do not have the right to
self-determination, causing the president Sukarno, in 1955, took the initiative to hold
the Asian-African Conference in Bandung, which produced Dasa Sila. Bandung is
known as the capital city of Asia and Africa. Inequality and conflict due to "time
bomb" left by the western countries are concerned that branded imperialism and
colonialism, inequality and the fears of the emergence of a nuclear war that changed
civilization, injustice agencies internationally in conflict resolution is also concerned.
With President Josip Broz Tito (Yugoslavia), Gamal Abdel Nasser (Egypt),
Mohammad Ali Jinnah (Pakistan), U Nu, (Burma) and Jawaharlal Nehru (India), he
made the Asian-African Conference that led to the Non-Aligned Movement. Thanks
to their services, many Asian countries that gained independence Africa. But
unfortunately, still many are also experiencing ongoing conflict so far because of the
injustice in the solution of the problem, which is still controlled by powerful countries
or superpowers. Thanks to this service also, many people from the Asia-Africa will
not forget Sukarno when remember or be familiar with Indonesia.

To run the foreign policy of free-active in the international world, President

Sukarno visited many countries and met with state leaders. Among them was Nikita
Khrushchev (Soviet Union), John Fitzgerald Kennedy (United States), Fidel Castro
(Cuba), Mao Tse Tung (China).

This era began in the fall of Sukarno he "divorced" with Vice President Moh.
Hatta, in 1956, due to resignations from the arena of politics Hatta Indonesia. Plus a
number of separatist rebellion that occurred across Indonesia, and ultimately, rebellion
G 30 S, a Sukarno in his tenure can not "meet" the ideals of the Indonesian nation a
prosperous and prosperous.

Sukarno died on June 21, 1970 at Wisma Yaso, Jakarta, after experiencing
ostracism by his successor Suharto. His body was buried in Blitar, East Java, and now
the icon of the city, because every year hundreds of thousands visited by millions of
tourists from all over the world. Especially when the implementation Haul Bung
Karno.

On June 19, 2008, the Cuban government issued a stamp with a picture of
President Sukarno and Fidel Castro of Cuba. Publishing it along with the anniversary
of the Fidel Castro and 80 warnings "visit of President of Indonesia, Sukarno, to
Cuba".

- Paragraph 1 : Event
- Paragraph 2-22 : Orientation
- Paragraph 23-24 : Reorientation