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Tugas Reading

This document discusses how Western philosophy has traditionally viewed cognitive processes as universal, but recent research has challenged this view. A study comparing European Americans to East Asians found that people from different cultures not only think about different things, but actually think differently. Their cognitive processes are more influenced by environment and culture than previously believed.

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128 views1 page

Tugas Reading

This document discusses how Western philosophy has traditionally viewed cognitive processes as universal, but recent research has challenged this view. A study comparing European Americans to East Asians found that people from different cultures not only think about different things, but actually think differently. Their cognitive processes are more influenced by environment and culture than previously believed.

Uploaded by

ayu purnama
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BY ERICA GOODE

For more than a century, Western philosophers and psychologists have based their discussions of mental
life on a cardinal assumption: that the same basic processes underlie all human thoughf, whether in the
mountains of Tibet or the grasslands of the Serengeti. Cultural differences might dictate what people
thought about. Teenage boys in Botswana, for example, might discuss cows with the same passion that
New York teenagers reserve for sports cars. But the habits of thought—the strategies people adopted in
processing information and making sense of the world around them—were, Western scholars assumed,
the same for everyone, exemplified by, among other things, a devotion to logical reasoning, a penchant
for categorization and an urge to understand situations and events in linear terms of cause and effect.
Recent work by a social psychologist at the University of Michigan, however, is turning this long-held
view of mental functioning upside down. In a series of studies comparing European Americans to East
Asians, Dr. Richard Nisbett and his colleagues have found that people who grow up in different cultures
do not just think about different things: they think differently. "We used to think that everybody uses
categories in the same way, that logic plays the same kind of role for everyone in the understanding of
everyday life, that memory, perception, rule application and so on are the same," Dr. Nisbett said. "But
we're now arguing that cognitive processes themselves are just far more malleable than mainstream
psychology assumed."

CHOSEE 5 UNDERLINED WORD

NO WORD PART OF SPEECH DEFINITION


1 Grassland Noun A large open area of country whit
grass, especially one for grazing.
2 Among Conjunctions Surrounded by in the company
of .
3 Devotion Adjective Love, loyalty, or enthusiasm for a
person, activity, or cause
4 Comparing Verb The act or instance of comparing.
5 Perception Adjective The ability to see, hear, or become
aware of something through the
senses.

WRITE A NEW SENTENCE FOR EACH WORD ABOVE :


1. The field farmer has grassland
2. Wild strawberries hidden among the roots of the trees
3. His courage and devotion to duty never wavered
4. Individual school compared their facilities with those of others area
5. The normal limits to human perception

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