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Subtraction: X X X + (-X) X X X

Addition is the basic arithmetic operation of combining two numbers, called addends, into a sum. Repeated addition is called summation and can involve adding infinitely many numbers in an infinite series. Addition is commutative and associative, meaning the order of terms does not matter. The number 0 is the additive identity because any number plus 0 equals the original number. For every number x, there is an opposite number -x such that x + (-x) = 0. Subtraction is the inverse of addition and finds the difference between a minuend and a subtrahend. Subtraction is neither commutative nor associative.

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363 views1 page

Subtraction: X X X + (-X) X X X

Addition is the basic arithmetic operation of combining two numbers, called addends, into a sum. Repeated addition is called summation and can involve adding infinitely many numbers in an infinite series. Addition is commutative and associative, meaning the order of terms does not matter. The number 0 is the additive identity because any number plus 0 equals the original number. For every number x, there is an opposite number -x such that x + (-x) = 0. Subtraction is the inverse of addition and finds the difference between a minuend and a subtrahend. Subtraction is neither commutative nor associative.

Uploaded by

Jeamea Eyano
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Addition, denoted by the symbol 

, is the most basic operation of arithmetic. In its simple form,


addition combines two numbers, the addends  or  terms, into a single number, the sum of the
numbers (such as 2 + 2 = 4 or 3 + 5 = 8).
Adding finitely many numbers can be viewed as repeated simple addition; this procedure is known
as summation, a term also used to denote the definition for "adding infinitely many numbers" in
an infinite series. Repeated addition of the number 1 is the most basic form of counting; the result of
adding 1 is usually called the successor of the original number.
Addition is commutative and associative, so the order in which finitely many terms are added does
not matter.
The number 0 has the property that, when added to any number, it yields that same number; so, it is
the identity element of addition, or the additive identity.[1]
For every number x, there is a number denoted –x, called the opposite of x, such that x + (–x) =
0 and (–x) + x = 0. So, the opposite of x is the inverse of x with respect to addition, or the additive
inverse of x.[1] For example, the opposite of 7 is −7, since 7 + (−7) = 0.
Addition can also be interpreted geometrically, as in the following example. If we have two sticks of
lengths 2 and 5, then, if the sticks are aligned one after the other, the length of the combined stick
becomes 7, since 2 + 5 = 7.

Subtraction[edit]
Main article: Subtraction
See also: Method of complements
Subtraction, denoted by the symbol , is the inverse operation to addition. Subtraction finds
the difference between two numbers, the minuend minus the subtrahend: D = M − S. Resorting to
the previously established addition, this is to say that the difference is the number that, when added
to the subtrahend, results in the minuend: D + S = M.[2]
For positive arguments M and S holds:
If the minuend is larger than the subtrahend, the difference D is positive.
If the minuend is smaller than the subtrahend, the difference D is negative.
In any case, if minuend and subtrahend are equal, the difference D = 0.
Subtraction is neither commutative nor associative. For that reason, the construction of this
inverse operation in modern algebra is often discarded in favor of introducing the concept of
inverse elements (as sketched under § Addition), where subtraction is regarded as adding
the additive inverse of the subtrahend to the minuend, that is, a − b = a + (−b). The
immediate price of discarding the binary operation of subtraction is the introduction of the
(trivial) unary operation, delivering the additive inverse for any given number, and losing the
immediate access to the notion of difference, which is potentially misleading when negative
arguments are involved.

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