SOP‐12
Revision 12/2005
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE SOP-12:
MONITORING WELL INSTALLATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Scope and Application
A minimum of two monitoring wells will be installed on the former railroad grade within
the Little Squalicum Park boundaries to further delineate a petroleum seep observed near
the upper reaches of Little Squalicum Creek. The monitoring wells will be installed using
a hollow‐stem auger (HSA) drill rig by a well driller licensed in the state of Washington
consistent with the regulations listed in Chapter 173‐160 of the Washington
Administrative Code (WAC).
Supplies and Equipment
A generalized supply and equipment list is provided below. Additional equipment may
be required depending on project requirements.
• Hollow‐stem auger drill rig and at least two 3‐inch diameter Dames & Moore
samplers
• Field equipment:
- Electronic water level meter
- Well screen, casing, and sump
- 10‐20 Colorado silica sand
- Bentonite chips and grout
- Well monument, cap, and lock
- Concrete
- Submersible pump, tubing, and power supply for well development
- 5 gallon plastic buckets
- 55 gallon drums
- Plastic sheeting
- Decontamination supplies (AlconoxTM detergent, methanol, hexane,
dionized water)
- Personal protective equipment for field team (rain gear, safety goggles,
hard hats, nitrile gloves)
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- Photoionization detector (PID) and/or flame ionization detector (FID)
- First Aid kit
- Cell phone
- Camera
- Permanent markers
- Indelible black‐ink pens
• Documentation
- Waterproof field logbook
- Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP)
- Health and Safety Plan (HASP)
- Well installation and borehole log forms
- Request for change forms
Methods
Monitoring Well Installation
A track‐mounted hollow‐stem auger (HSA) drill rig will be used for installation of the
monitoring wells. Drilling will be conducted using an 8.25 inch OD hollow‐stem auger,
which has a 4.25 inch ID—large enough to accommodate the 2‐inch monitoring well, plus
a 1‐inch sand pack around the well (other suitable augers may be used, provided that the
2‐inch well can be installed to the desired depth per WAC regulations). The monitoring
wells will be constructed in accordance with the design shown in Figure 3 of Addendum
2. Each well will be drilled to the top of the gray clay observed daylighting in the upper
portion of the creek bed or 50 ft, whichever comes first. If heaving sands are encountered,
the augers will be removed after reaching total depth and a tapered wooden plug will be
inserted in the hollow stem at the end of the lead auger to minimize accumulation of
drilled material in the augers.
A lithologic log and well construction diagram (Figure 4 of Addendum 2) will be
generated for each monitoring well based on the soil samples collected from the borehole
and the drilling conditions noted by the drillers (i.e., change in drilling penetration rate).
The monitoring well casings above the water table will be 2‐inch diameter schedule‐40
PVC with flush‐threaded couplings. The well casing below the water will be constructed
of Type 316 stainless steel. A 10‐ft section of 0.010‐in. Type 316 stainless steel well screen
with an end plug (i.e., sump) will be placed at the bottom of each well. The casing will
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Revision 12/2005
extend from the top of the screen to the ground surface. Stainless‐steel centralizers will be
attached at the top and bottom of the well screen to keep the well in the center of the filter
pack.
Each monitoring well will be assembled and set inside the hollow‐stem augers once the
target depth has been reached. If a wooden plug is used in the lead auger, the augers will
be retracted a few inches and the wooden plug will be knocked out of the bottom of the
lead auger with a steel pipe or similar device. The annular space will be backfilled with
No. 10–20 Colorado silica sand or equivalent to approximately 2 ft above the top of the
screen. The silica sand filter pack material will be added to the augers as they are pulled
out, keeping several feet of silica sand in the augers to fill the void created by the augers
as they are retracted. The sand will be poured in slowly to avoid bridging. The filter pack
will extend approximately 2 ft above the screen. The well will be surged repeatedly with
a surge block or similar device to promote settling of the filter pack. Additional silica
sand will be added if significant settling has occurred.
A 2‐ft‐thick bentonite pellet filter pack seal will put on top of the filter pack as the augers
are retracted. The bentonite pellets will be added slowly to avoid bridging. The seal will
be hydrated with clean, potable water until sufficiently hydrated. Bentonite grout will be
mixed according to the manufacture’s specifications and pumped into the hole to
approximately 2.5 ft bgs. The driller will calculate the volume of the annular space to
ensure the proper volume of grout is placed in the annulus. A 0.5‐ft‐thick layer of
bentonite pellets will be placed on top of the grout to create stable surface for the concrete
surface seal, which will extend from the ground surface to approximately 2 ft bgs. The
surface completion will conform to the State of Washington standards, and will consist of
an 8‐inch diameter flush‐mount traffic‐rated watertight monument.
The augers and any other equipment that comes into contact with the well or borehole
will be pressure‐washed prior to drilling each well. All soil cuttings will be containerized
in UN‐approved 55 gallon drums for characterization in accordance with applicable local,
state, and federal regulations prior to disposal. The drilling contractor will be responsible
for supplying drums and transporting filled drums as specified.
Monitoring Well Development
Upon well completion and any waiting time required by the WAC regulations for the
filter pack seal to fully hydrate, Integral will develop each monitoring well by over‐
pumping using a 1.5‐in diameter centrifugal pump (i.e., “Whale pump”) capable of
pumping approximately 1‐2 gallons per minute (GPM). The wells will be repeatedly
surged and pumped. Turbidity measurements will be collected periodically and over‐
pumping and surging will continue until the measurements are below 50 NTU. A
minimum of 50 well casing volumes will be removed from each well during development.
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