Section 1 LISTENING COMPREHENSION NGHE HIEU This section tests your ability to com- prehend spoken English. It is divided into three parts, each with its own di- rections. During actual exams, you are not permitted to turn the page during the reading of the directions or to take Section nay kiém tra kha ning hiéu van néi tiéng Anh ctia ban. No dude chia thanh ba phan, méi phin co huéng din riéng. ‘Trong bai thi that, khi huéng din dang doc trén bing, ban khéng dude phép lit trang hodc ghi cht vo bat ett hic nao. notes at any time. PART A Directions: Each item in this part consists of a brief conversation involving two speakers. Following each conversation, a third voice will ask a question You will hear the conversations and questions only once, and they will not be written out When you have heard each conversation and question, read the four answer choices and select the one - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - that best answers the question based on what is directly stated or on what can be inferred. Then fill in the space on your answer sheet that matches the letter of the answer that you have selected. Here is an example You will hear: You will read (A) Open the window. (8) Move the chair (C) Leave the room (D) Take a seat Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 137From the conversation you find out that the woman thinks the man should put the chair over by the window. The best answer to the question "What does the-woman think the man should do?" is (B), "Move the chair." You should fill in (B) on your answer sheet, Sample Answer ®eOO®O WAIT 1A) He wants to know how Donna feels. Maybe Donna’ can organize the slide show (B (Cc He wants to know what present Donna got Donna has already seen the show. 2. (A) Make some tea. (8) Wash out a cup. (C) Get the key. 0 3A 8 (C (0) {D) Clean the spoon He hasn't been alone lately. He hasn't been here recently. He has been acting strangely. He has to be reminded several times. 4 (A She will do anything but play golf She seldom wants to do any- thing. (C) She never plays, but she'd like to. 8 (0) She is an enthusiastic golfer. 138 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice {A) It's too hot to eat (B) There’s not enough of it. (C) He doesn’t like the way it tastes. (D) He thinks it’s too cool. (A) The merchandise is in storage. (8) That store sells fine house- wares. (C) No one knows where the store is (0) The goods are upstairs some- where. (A She finds reading poetry re- warding She made some beautiful pot- tery. (C) She wrote some award-winning poems. She is now writing for a news- paper. (A) They were free (B) He’s going to give them away (C) They were inexpensive 8 (D) (D) He has to return them soon (A) He repaired her guitar. (8) He sold her a new guitar. (C) He has a better guitar now (D) He s a good guitarist10. (A) (8) (c) (0) 11.(A) (8) (c) (0) 12. (A) (8) (9) « (0) 13. (A) (8) (c) (0) 14: (A) (8) (9) (0) 15:(A) (8) (9 (D) 16. (A) (eB) (C) (D) He isn’t going out today. The wind is dying down. He thinks today is Wednesday. The wind is strong today. His picture appears on the book, His photographs are in the box. He autographed the new book. His new book is very interest- ing. He didn’t understand the man- ual. The electricity has gone off. He couldn't find the manual The printer is out of order. She’s not home now. He's not sure if she’s there. She's talking on another phene. He can see her. Forget about the concert. Spend some time practicing. Find a new place to live. Go to another concert. He didn’t like mathematics. He'll be a great mathematician someday. He's no longer studying mathe- matics. He was failing mathematics. Anger. Surprise. Confusion. Happiness. 17. (A) (B) (C (0) 18. (A) (B) (°) (0) 19. (A) (8) () (0) 20. (A) (8) (c) (0) 21.(A) (8) (°) (D) 22. (A) (8) (c) (0) She couldn’t get dinner reser- vations. She didn’t need reservations for dinner. She was the last person to arrive at the restaurant. She had made reservations for dinner a long tithe ago. Go to a lecture. Call her sister. Attend a planning meeting. Go bowling. Where he went to buy the cam- corder. How much a good used cam- corder costs. What condition the camcorder is in. How many days he’s had his camcorder. She should wear her old glasses. Her headaches will soon disap- pear. She ought to take off her glasses. Her glasses look a little like his. He paid it today for the first time. He pays it after it’s due. He pays it on the last day of the month. He’s planning to pay it tomor- Tow. She'll be home on time. She was late for work. She’s working overtime She missed work again. Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 13923.(A). The man must wait before tak- 24. 25. 26. () (9 (0) A (8) (c) (0) (A) (8) (C) (D) (A) (8) (c) (0) ing it The second half is even more difficult. The man should take only the first half. It's not as hard as the man thinks. She only read it two times. She doesn't understand it. She likes it very much. She has dozens of. copies. Make an important discovery. Perform an experiment. with penicillin, Study something other than bi- ology. Discover a substitute for peni- cillin. A lot of people attended The debate involved only a few issues. Many people changed their plans. The debate lasted a long time. 27.(A) 28. (A) 29. (A) 30. (A) Order a meal. (B) Write a check. (C) Look for the waiter. (D) Get the waiter’s atttention. She will probably win. (8) She hasn't improved her game recently. . (C) No one ever sees her on the court. (D) She doesn’t think she can win, They couldn't finish cleaning in time. They helped herclean the apart- ment. (C) They didn’t have much clean- ing to do. (B) (0) They had to work and couldn’t clean. After class today. (8) After today’s meeting. (C) Before class on Friday. (D) After class on Friday. PART B Directions: This part of the test consists of extended conversations between two speakers. After each of these conversations there are a number of questions. You will hear each conversation and question only once, and the questions are not written out. When you have heard each questions, read the four answer choices and select the ona - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - that best answers the question based on what is directly stated or on what can be inferred. Then fill in the space ‘on your answer sheet that matches the letter of the answer that you have selected 140 - Peterson's TOEFL PracticeDon’t forget: During actual exams, taking notes or writing in your test book is not permitted. 31.(A) (8) ( (0) 32. (A) (8) (9 (0) 33. (A) (8) () (0) 34. (A) (8) (9) (0) A multiple-choice exam 35. (A) A chemistry exam. (8) An essay exam. (Cc) A geology exam. (0) Its relative hardness. 36. (A) Its true color. (8) Its chemical composition. () Its relative purity. (0) They are never effective. 37. (A) They are simple to perform. They are not always conclusive. (B) They are usually undepend- able. (c) Flight attendant. (D) Rental-car agent. Hotel manager. Travel agent. PART C Miami. Minneapolis. Key West. Chicago. A hotel room. A flight to Chicago. A rental car. A flight to Miami. Make reservations for his flight sooner. Spend his vacation somewhere else: Read a travel book. Stay at a different hotel. Directions: This part of the test consists of several talks, each given by a single speaker. After each of these talks there are a number of questions. You will hear each talk and question only once, and the questions are not written out. When you' have heard each question, read the four answer choices and select the one - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - that best answers the question based ‘on what is directly stated or on what can be inferred. Then fill in the space ‘on your answer sheet that matches to the letter of the answer that you have selected Here is an example Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 141You will hear Now here is a sample question You will hear You will read : (A) Philosophy. (B) Meteorology. (C) Astronomy (D) Photography The lecture concerns a lunar eclipse, a topic that would typically be discussed in an astronomy class. The choicé that best answers the question In what course is this lecture probably being given?" is (C), "Astronomy." You should fill in (C) on your answer sheet. Sample Answer DA®OOO Here is another sample question You will hear: You will read: (A) The Earth’s shadow moves across the Moon. (B) Clouds block the view of the Moon. (C) The Moon moves between the Earth and the Sun. (D) The Sun can be observed without special equipment. From the lecture, you learn that a lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth moves between the Sun and the Moon and the shadow of the Earth passes across the Moon. The choice that best answers the question "According to the specker, which of the following occurs during a lunar eclipse?" is (A), ‘The Earth’s shadow moves across the Moon." Don’t forget: During actual exams, taking notes or writing in your test book is not permitted. jple Answer @®oo® WAIT 142 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice38. (A) (B) (c) (0) 39. (A) (8) (cy (0) 40. (A) (8) (c (0) 41.(A) (8) (9 (0) 42. (A) Bi (Cc {D) 43. (A) (8) (9) (D) In the home of an art collector. In a restaurant. In a museum. In a private art gallery. Not all of it is folk. art. Most of it was made for this event. All of it was created for display. Some of it has been in previous exhibits. Itis still brightly colored. It was used to advertise a res- taurant It is less than a hundred years old. It once hung in front of a boot- maker's shop. Unpopular. Charming. Complex. Disturbing. There are no signatures on the signs. The plaques haven't been put on the wall yet. The signatures are too faded to read. The sign painters needed to conceal their identities. To present an award. To say goodbye to Professor Callaghan. To explain computer models. To welcome a new college president. 44, (A) (8) (co) (0) 45. (A) (8) (c) (0) 46.(A) (8) (9 (0) 47.(A) (8) (c) (0) 48. (A) (8) (9) (0) 49. (A) (8) (9) (0) 50. (A) (8) (9) (D) An administrator. A faculty member. A chancellor of the college. A graduate student. Computer science. History. Economics. Physics. Two years. Four years. Six years. Eight years. He greatly influenced Emily Dickinson. His poetry was similar to Emily Dickinson's. He and Emily Dickinson were very influential poets. He and Emily Dickinson be- came good friends. For her unusual habits. For her success as a poet. For her personal wealth. For her eventful life. Their titles. Their great length. Their range of subject matter. Their economy. None. About 10. Around 50. Over 1,700. THIS IS THE END OF SECTION 1, LISTENING COMPREHENSION. STOP WORK ON SECTION 1. ( STOP Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 143144 - Peterson's TOEFL PracticeSection 2 STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION TIME - 25 MINUTES CAU TRUC VA VAN VIET THOI GIAN - 25 PHUT This section tests your ability to recog- Section nay kiém tra kha nang cia ban vé nize grammar and usage suitable for — vige nhan biét ngitphap va cach ding thich standard written English. This section hgp déi véi vin viét tiéng Anh chun, Sec- is divided into two parts, each with its _ tion nay duge chia, thanh hai phan, méi own directions, phan co huéng dan riéng. STRUCTURE Directions: tems in this part are incomplete sentences. Following each of these sentences, there are four words or phrases. You should select the one word or phrase - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - that best completes the sentence. Then fill in the space on your answer sheet that matches the letter of the answer that you have selected. Example | Pepsin ________ an enzyme used in digestion. (A) that (8) is (C) of (D) being This sentence should properly read "Pepsin is an enzyme used in digestion.” You should {ill in (B) on your answer sheet. Sample Answer ®BA@eOoOO Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 145Example I (A) There are no (B) Not the (C) It is not (D) No ____ large natural lakes are found in the state of South Carolina This sentence should properly read "No large natural lakes are found in the state of South Carolina." You should fill in (D) on your answer sheet. As soon as you understand the directions, begin work on this part. Sample Answer 2OOoO®e 1 ablend of the ac- tual note sounded and related tones called overtones. (A) Musical tones consist of every (8) All musical tones consisting of {C) It consists of all musical tones (0) Every musical tone consists of 2 all animals need oxy- gen, w. ater, food, and the proper range of temperatures (A) To survive (8) Their survival (C) Surviving (D) They survive 3. Billie Holiday's rough emotional voice made her stand out as a jazz singer. {A) so (B) but (C) nor (D) still 146 - Peterson’s TOEFL Practice 4. The Breed Test, method of counting bacteria in fresh milk, was developed by R. S. Breed in Geneva, New York, in 1925. (A) which, as a (8) isa (C) itisa (D) a 5 _a liquid changes to a solid, heat is given off. (A) That (B) Sometimes (C) Whenever (D) From 6. Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is the oldest building now on the campus of Princeton University. (A) standing (8) it stands (C)_ has stood (D) stood7 8 The one person most responsible for making New York City a center of furniture design in the early nine- teenth century cabinetmaker Duncan Phyfe. (A) was the hardworking (8) through his hard work (C) he was hardworking (0) by working hard, the Candles from bees- wax burn with a very clean flame. (A) are made (8) making (C) which make (D) made Hydroponics is the cultivation of plants soil. (A) not having (8) without (C) a lack of (D) do not have __a language fam- ily is a group of languages with a common origin and similar vocabu- lary, grammar, and sound systems. (A) What linguists call (8) It is called by linguists (C) Linguists calt it (D) What do linguists call In the eighteenth century the town of Bennington, Vermont, was fa pottery. mous for (A) it made (B) its (C) the making (D) where its bacterial infec- tion is present in the body, the bone marrow ' produces more white blood cells than usual. (A) A (B) That a AC) Ifa (0) During a . Anyone who has ever pulled weeds" from a garden roots firmly anchor plants to the soil. (A) is well aware that (8) well aware (C) is well aware of (D) well aware that So thick and rich of Illi- nois that early settlers there were unable to force a plow through it. (A) as the soil (B) the soil was (C)_ was the soil (0) the soil because of the complexity of his writirig, Henry James never became a popular author, but his works are admired by critics and other writers. (A) It may be (8) Perhaps (C) Besides (D) Why is it Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 147WRITTEN EXPRESSION Directions: The items in this part have four underlined words or phrases. You must identify the one underlined expression - (A), (B), (C), or (D) - that must be changed for the sentence to be correct. Then fill in the space on your answer sheet that matches the letter of the answer that you have selected Example | B This sentence should read "Lenses may have either concave or convex shapes." You should therefore select answer (A). Lenses may 10 have either concave oF convex shapes A D Sample Answer eeoo® Example I When painting a fresco, an artist is applied paint directly to the damp A B c plaster of o wall D This sentence should read "When painting a fresco, an artist applies paint directly to the wet plaster of a wall." You should therefore select answer (B). As soon as you understand the directions, begin work on this part Sample Answer ®@eoO® 16. A rattlesnake has a spot 17. Improvements in people’s health A between one’s eyes that is are due in part to advances in “RK B B iC sensitive to heat, medical care and better Sanitary, 7 ¢ D D 148 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice20. 21 22 23 24 In 1792, a corporation a constructed g 60-miles toll road B fe from Philadelphia to Lancaster, D Pennsylvania. appeared a before long the c on B Insects earth earliest mammals. c All of Agnes Repplier’s writings, A even those on the most serious B c subjects, show her sense of humorous D Fungi are the_most important A decomposers of forest soil B just like bacteria are the chief c D decomposers of grassland soil. Halifax Harbor in Nova Scotia is A one of the most safe harbors B Cc in the world, D Ballpoint pens require a tiny, A perfectly round ball for its tips. B c D Since A the archaeology has become a B the 1930s, precise science with strict mules Cc D and procedures. © 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. Interstate Highway 80 is 2 an important roac that us some- times refered to as "America’s Main Street." John Jay, a diplomat and states- man, first entered public live in B CTA 1773. Mount Hood in Oregon is a center for alpine sports such as skiing, climbing, and hikes. The chameleon’s able to change color to match is surrouridings is shared by quite a few lizards. Florence Sabin is recognized not only fox her theoretical research in anatomy. and physiology and for her work in public health. 7 The ‘ep layer of the ocean stores as much heat as floes all the gases in the aimesphere. Almost lemons grown in the A B United States come from farms jn Cc D Florida and California. Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 14932. Hair is made of the same basic 36. One of the Most_beautiful potani- A A 33, 34. 35. material as_both the nails, claws, B hooves of c are_made of. D and mammals Not until . geologists began to study exposed rocks in ravines and ON mountainsides they did discover many of the earth’s se- crets. The water of the Gulf Stream may be as much as 20 percentage warmer than the surounding c D water. Mathematics have taken centuries A to develop the methods that B c we now use in arithmetic. D 37. 38. 39. 40. cal gardens in the United States B is the wildh and lovely Magnolia Gardens Near Charléston, South D Carolina. Benthic organisms are those that live on of in a bottom of a body of water. ; Mthas been known since the eight- eenth century that the adrenal glands are essential 7 life. The making ofleather goods from animal skins is one of the: c soonest accomplishments of hu- D mankind. d custonis differ greatly B from society 0 society. D THIS IS THE END OF SECTION 2. IF YOU FINISH BEFORE THE TIME LIMIT, CHECK YOUR WORK ON SECTION 2 ONLY. DO NOT READ OR WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST. STOP 150 - Peterson's TOEFL PracticeSection 3 READING COMPREHENSION TIME - 55 MINUTES DOC HIEU THGI GIAN - 55 PHUT This section of the test measures your ability to comprehend written materials. kha nang hiéu cdc doan van. Directions: This section contains several passages, each followed by a number of questions. Read the passages and, for each question, choose the one best answer - (A), (B), (C), or (B) - based on what is stated in the passage or on what can be inferred from the passage. Then fill in the space on your answer sheet that matches the letter of the answer that you have selected Read the Following Passage Like mammals, birds claim their own territories. A bird’s territory may be small or large. Some birds claim only their nest and the area right around it, while others claim far larger -territories that include their feeding areas. Gulls, penguins, and other waterfow! nest in huge colonies, but even in the biggest colonies, each male and his mate have small territories of their own immediately around their nests. Male birds defend their territory chiefly against other males of the same species. In some cases, a warning call or threatening pose may be all the defense needed, but in other cases, intruders may refuse to 10 leave peacefully. Example I What is the main topic of this passage? (A) Birds thar live in colonies (B) Birds’ mating habits (C) The behavior of birds (D) Territoriality in birds Section nay cla bai thi kiém tra ban vé Peterson's: TOEFL Practice - 151The passage mainly concerns the territories of birds. You should fill in (D) on your answer sheet. Sample Answer ®A®GSOe@e Example I According to the passage, male birds defend their territory primarily against (A) Female birds (8) Birds of other species (C) Males of their own species (D) Mammals The passage states that "Male birds defend their territory chiefly against other males of the same species." You should fill in (C) on your answer sheet. As soon as you understand the directions, begin work on this section. Sample Answer ®A®S@O QUESTIONS 1 - 10 a 6 Cooperation jis’ the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes. In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual fuse. The group contains nearly all of each individual's life. The rewards of the group's work are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed: Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued. While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members Peterson's TOEFL Practice1 3. perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation 15. in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation. In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the-cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommo- 20 dation involves common means to-achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation ar all, and hence the some- what contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship. What is the author's main purpose in the first paragraph of the passage? (A) To explain how cooperation dif- fers from competition and con- flict To show the importance of group organization and_altti- tudes 7 To offer a brief definition of co- operation To urge readers to cooperate more often The word cherished in line 2 is clos- est in meaning to (A) prized (B) agreed on (C) defined (0) set up The word fuse in line 5 is closest in meaning to (A) react (8) unite (C) evolve {0) explore (B) (c) (0) 4. Which of the following statements about primary cooperation is sup- ported by information in the pas- sage? (A) It was confined to prehistoric times. It is usually the first stage of co- operation achieved by a group of individuals attempting to co- operate. It is an idea that can never be achieved. (D) It is most commonly seen among people who have not yet developed reading and writ- ing skills. 5. According to the passage, why do people join groups that practicé sec- ondary cooperation? (A) To experience the satisfaction of cooperation (8) To get rewards for themselves (C) To associate with people who have similar backgrounds (D) To defeat a common enemy @ (C Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 1536. Which of the following is anexam- 8. The word fragile in line 19 is closest ple of the third form of cooperation in meaning to as it is defined in the fourth para- (A) inefficient graph? (8) easily broken (A) Students form a study group so (C) poorly planned that all of them can improve (0) involuntary their grades. 9. Asused throughout the passage, the (8) Anew business attempts to take term common is closest in meaning customers away from an estab- to which of the following? * lished company. (A) Ordinary (C) Two rival political parties tem- (8) Shared porarily work together to defeat (C) Vulgar a third party. (D) Popular (D) Members of a farming commu- 10. Which of the following best de- nity share work and the food scribes the overall organization of that they grow. the passage? 7. Which of the following is NOT given (A) The author describes a concept as a name for the third type of co- by analyzing its three forms. operation? (B) The author compares and con- (A) Tertiary cooperation trasts two types of human rela- (8) Accommodation tions. {C) Latent conflict (C) The author presents the points (D) Antagonistic cooperation of view of three experts on the same topic. (D) The author provides a number of concrete examples and then draws a conclusion. QUESTIONS 11 - 22 The first scientific attempt at coaxing moistitre from a cloud was in 1946, when scientist Vincent Schaefer dropped 3 pounds of dry ice from an airplane into a cloud and, to his delight, produced: snow. The success of the experiment was modest, but it spawned optimism among farmers and ranchers around the country. It seemed to them that science had finally triumphed over weather. Unfortunately, it didn’t work out that way. Although there were many cloud-seeding operations during the late 1940s and the 1950s, no one could say whether they had any effect on precipitation. Cloud seeding, or weather 154 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice10 modification as it came to be called, was clearly more complicated than hail been thought. It was not until the early 1970s that enough experiments had been done to understand the processes involved. What these studies indicated was thar only certain types of clouds are amenable to seeding. One of the most responsive is the winter orographic cloud, formed when air currents encounter 15 a mountain slope and ris . If the temperature in such a cloud is right, seeding can increase snow yield by 10 to 20 percent. There are two major methods of weather modification. In one method, silver iodide is burned in propane-fired ground generators. The smoke rises into the clouds where the tiny silver-iodide particles act as nuclei for the 20 formation of ice crystals. The alternate system uses airplanes to deliver dry-ice pellets. Dry ice does not provide ice-forming nycleig. Instead, it lowers the temperature near the water droplets in the deeds that they freeze instantly - a process called spontaneous nucleation. Seeding from aircraft is more efficient but also more expensive. 25 About 75 percent of all weather modification in the United States takes place in the Western states. With the population of the West growing rapidly, few regions of the world require more water. About 85 percent of the waters in the rivers of the West comes from melted snow. As one expert put it, the water problems of the future may make the energy problems of 30 che 70s seem like child's play to: solve. Thar’s why the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, along with state governments, municipal water districts, and private interests suich as ski areas and agricultural cooperatives, is putting increased effort into cloud-seeding efforts. Without consistent and heavy snowalls in the Rockies and Sierras, the West would literally dry up. The 35. most intensive efforts to produce precipitation was during the West's dis- astrous snow drought of 1976 - 77. It is imposible to judge the efficiency of weather modification based on one crash program, but most experts think thac such hurry-up programs are’ not very effective. 11. What is the main subject of the pas- 12. The word spawned in line 4 is clos- sage? est in meaning to (A) The scientific contributions of (A) intensified Vincent Schaefer (B) reduced (8) Developments in methods of in- (C) preceded creasing precipitation (D) created (C) The process by which snow crystals form (0D) The effects of cloud seeding Peterson’s TOEFL Practice - 15513. After the cloud-seeding operations of the late 1940s and the 1950s, the farmers and ranchers mentioned in the first paragraph probably felt (A) triumphant (8) modest (C) disappointed (D) optimistic 14 Which of the following can be in- ferred from the passage about the term weather modification? (A) It is not as old as the term cloud seeding. (8) It has been in usé since at least 1946. (C) It refers to only one type of cloud seeding. (D) It was first used by Vincent Schaefer. 15. According to the passage, winter orographic clouds are formed (A) on relatively warm winter days (B) over large bodies of water (C) during intense snow storms (D) when ‘air currents rise over mountains 16. To which of the following does the word they in line 22 refer? {A) Water droplets (8).Clouds (C) Ice-forming nuclei (D) Airplanes 17. When clouds are seeded from the ground, what actually causes ice crystals to form? (A) Propane (8) Silver-iodide smoke (C) Dry-ice pellets (D) Nuclear radiation 156 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice 18. Clouds would most likely be seeded from airplanes when (A) itis important to save money (B) the process of spontaneous nu- cleation cannot be employed (C) the production of precipitation must be efficient temperatures are lower than usual 19. Aboutwhatpercentage of the west- em United States’ water supply comes from run-off from melted snow? (A) 10 percent (8) 20 percent (C) 75 percent (0) 85 percent 20. What does the author imply about the energy problems of the 1970s? (A) They were caused by a lack of water. (B) They took attention away from water problems. (C) They may not be as critical as water problems will be in the future. (0) They were thought to be minor at the time but tumed out to be serious. The author mentions agricultural cooperatives (line 32) as an exam- ple of (A) state government agencies (8) private interests (C) organizations that compete with ski areas for water municipal water districts 0 2 (D)22. Itcan be inferred from the passage that the weather-modification pro- ject of 1976 - 77 was {A) put together quickly (B) a complete failure ~ (C) hot necessary {D) easy to evaluate QUESTIONS 23 - 30 The biological community changes again as one moves from the city to the suburbs. Around alll cities is a biome called the "suburban forest.” The trees of this forest are species that are favored by man, and most of them have been deliberately planted. Mammals such as rabbits, skunks, and 5. opossums have moved in from the surrounding countryside. Raccoons have 23. become experts at opening garbage cans, and in some places even deer wander suburban thoroughfares. Several species of squirrel get along nicely in suburbia, but usually only one species is predominant in any given suburb - fox squirrels in one place, red squirrels in another, gray squirrels in a third - for reasons that are little understood. The diversity of birds in the suburbs is great, and in the South, lizards thrive in gardens and even houses. Of course, insects are always present. There is an odd biological sameness in these suburban communities. True, the palms of Los Angeles are missing from the suburbs of Boston, and there are species of insects in Miami not found in Seattle. But over wide stretches of the United States, ecological conditions in suburban biomes vary much less than do those of natural biomes. And unlike the natural biomes, the urban and suburban communities exist in spite of, not because of, the climate. If there was a preceding paragraph to this passage it would most likely be concerned with which of the following topics? (A) The migration from cities to suburbs (8) The biological community in ur- ban areas; (C) The mammals of the American countryside (D) The history of American sub- urbs 24. The author implies that the mam- mals of the "suburban forest" differ from most species of trees there in which of the following ways? (A) They were. not deliberately in- troduced. (8) They are considered undesir- able by humans. (C) They are represented by a greater number of species (0) They have net fully adapted to suburban conditions. Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 15725. The word thoroughfares in line 7 is closest in meaning to. (A) neighborhoods (8) lawns (Cy open spaces (D) streets 26. Which of the following conclusions about squirrels is supported by in- formation in the passage? (A) The competition among the three species is intense. (8) Fox squirrels are more common than gray or red squirrels (C) ‘Two species of squirrels sel- dom inhabit the same suburb. (D) The reasons why squirrels do well in the suburbs are un- known. 27. The word thrive in line 11 is closest in meaning to (A) remain (8) flourish (C) reproduce {D) survive 28. The word odd in line 13 is closest ® in meaning to (A) unusual (8) appropriate (C) unforgettable (D) expected QUESTIONS 31 - 39 29. Which of the following best ex- presses the main ideaof the second Paragraph of the passage? (A) Biological communities in East Coast suburbs differ greatly from those on the West Coast. The suburban forest occupies an increasingly large segment of the American landscape. Suburbs in the United States have remarkably similar bio- logical communities. Natural biomes have been stud- ied more than suburban bi- omes. 30. What does the author imply about the effect of climate on the subur- ban biome? A) (8 (C (D) It is more noticeable than the effect of climate on the urban biome. (8) It is not as important as it once was. It depends on the location of the biome. ie (D) Itis notas dramatic as the effect of climate on natural biomes. Deep within the Earth there seethes a vast cauldron called Hot Dry Rock, or HDR, that observers believe could make the United States and other nations practically energy independent. HDR is a virtually limitless source of energy that generates neither pollution nor dangerous wastes. 5 The concept, now being tested at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, is quite simple, at least in theory. Two adjacent wells are - Peterson's TOEFL Practicepunched several miles into the Earth ro reach this subterranean furnace. Water is pumped down one well 0 collect inside the Hot Dry Rock, creating a pressurized reservoir of superheated liquid. This is then drawn 10 through the other well to the surface, and there the water's accumulated load of heat energy is transferred to a volatile liquid that, in curn, drives an electric power-producing turbine. David Duchane, HDR program manager at Los Alamos, believes that an economically competitive, I-megawatt plant of this type will be built 15 and running in around two decades. A small prototype station will be built in half that time, But Duchane dreams an even grander dream. "We could build an HDR plant near the seacoast,” he says. "Could you imagine pumping seawater down to where it heats up well above its boiling point? Then you bring it to the surface to make electrical energy, and you turn 20. some into vapor to get as much pure water as you need.” 31. What is the main idea of the pas- 33. The word adjacent in line 6 is clos- S sage? est in meaning to (A) Despite certain advantages, (A) up-and-down there are many drawbacks in- (8) deep volved in the use of Hot Dry (C) advanced Rock. (D) side-by-side (8) Hot Dry Rock is a potentiallyim- 34. The second paragraph of the pas- portant energy source. sage implies that the concept of util- (C) By drilling deep wells in the izing Hot Dry Rock as an energy ground, researchers at Los source Alamos discovered: Hot Dry (A) might be difficult to put into Rock practice (D) Hot Dry Rock power plants are (8) is hard for nonscientists to uin- more useful if they are built derstand near the seacoast. (C) is theoretically possible but Which of the following terms is NOT technologically impractical used in the passage to refer to Hot (0) may involve unknown dangers Dry Rock? 35. The word there in line 10 refers to (A) A vast cauldron (line 1) (A) a place deep inside the Earth (8) A virtually limitless source of {B) a place near the seacoast power (lines 3-4) (C) Los Alamos National Labora- (C) Subterranean furnace (line 7) tory (0) A pressurized reservoir (line 9) (0) the surface of the Earth Peterson's TOEFL Practice - 15936. The power-producing turbine in the Hot Dry Rock power plant de- scribed:in the second paragraph is actually driven by (A) electricity (B) volatile liquid (C) superheated water (D) Hot Dry Rock According to David Duchane, how long will it probably: take to build a small prototype Hot Dry Rock power station? (A) Two years (8) Four years (C) Ten years (D) Twenty years 3 N 38. What is the grander dream, men- tioned in line 16? (A) The opportunity for the United States to-become energy inde- pendent The chance to generate power without increasing pollution (8) (¢] The possibility of obtaining pure water from seawater while gen- erating electricity The hope that scientists can continue their research on Hot Dry Rock 39. The word some in line 19 refers to (A) seawater (8) electrical energy (0) (C) water vapor (D) pure water QUESTIONS 40 - 50 The brilliant light, crystalline air, and spectacular surroundings have long drawn people to the tiny New Mexican town of Taos. Today, the homes of some of those who have settled there during Taos’ 300-year history have been restored and are open to the public. Along with the churches and art galleries, these residences make up a part of the unique cultural heritage of Taos. Representing the Spanish Colonial era is the meticulously restored ha- cienda of Don Antonio Severino Martinez. He moved his family to Taos in 1804 and transformed a simple cabin into a huge, imposing fortress. Its owenty-one rooms and two courtyards now house a living museum where visitors can watch potters and weavers at work. The American territorial era is represented by two houses: the home of the explorer and scout Kit Carson, located off Taos Square, and that of Charles Bent, a trader who later became governor of the New Mexico territory. Carson's house was buile in 1843, Bent’s three years later. In the twentieth century, Taos, like its bigger sister Santa Fe to the south, blossomed into a center for artists and artisans, One of the first artists to move there was Ernest Blumenschein, who is known for his illustrations, including 160 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice20 2 30 40. 4) 42 43. those for the works of Jack London and other bestsélling authors. In 1898, while on a Denver-to-Mexico City sketching tour, Blumenschein’s wagon broke down near Taos. He walked into town carrying his broken wheel, looked around, and decided to stay. His rambling, twelve-room house is furnished as ir was when he lived there. Not far from the Blumenschein house is the home of another artist, Russian-born painter Nicolai Fechin, who moved to Taos in the 1920s, He carved and decorated the furniture, windows, gates, and fireplaces himself, transforming the interior of his adobe house into that of a traditional country house in his homeland, A few miles north of town is the Millicent Rogers Museum, the residence of a designer and collector who came to Taos in 1947. An adobe castle, it contains a treasure trove of Native American and Hispanic jewelry, pots, rugs, and other artifacts. The passage mainly discusses which aspect of Taos? (A) Its famous families 44. According to the passage, what were Charles Bent’s two occupa- tions? (8) Events from its 300-year history (C) Its different architectural styles {D) Its historic houses The word meticulously in line 7 is closest in meaning to (A) tastefully (8) privately (C) carefully (D) expensively The word imposing in line 9 is clos- est in meaning to (A) striking (8) complex (C) threatening {D) antiquated According to the passage, the home of Don Antonio Severino Martinez is now (A) a fortress (8) an art gallery (C) a museum (0) a simple cabin (A) Merchant and politician (B) Artist and artisan (C) Explorer and scout (D) Potter and weaver 45. Charles Bent’s house was probably built in (A) 1304 (8) 1840 (C) 1843 (0) 1846 46. The town of Santa Fe is probably referred to as Taos’s "bigger sister" (line 16) because it (A) is older (8) has a larger population (C) is more famous (D) has more artists Peterson's TO! Practice - 16147. The word works in line 19 is used 49. The author implies that the interior in the context: of this passage to of Nicolai Fechin house is deco- mean rated in what style? (A) books (A) Spanish colonial (8) factories (8) American territorial (C) designs (C) Native American (0) paintings (D) Traditional Russian 48. According to the passage, what was__50. Which of the following people is Emest Blumenschein’s original des- NOT mentioned as a resident of lination when he went ona sketch- Taos? ing tour in 1898? (A) Nicolai Fechin (A) Denver (8) Jack London (8) Santa Fe (C) Emest Blumenschein (C) Mexico City (D) Millicent Rogers (0) Taos THIS IS THE END OF SECTION 3. IF YOU FINISH BEFORE THE TIME LIMIT, CHECK YOUR WORK ON SECTION 3 ONLY. DO NOT READ OR WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION OF THE TEST. 162 - Peterson's TOEFL Practice