EKOLOGI INDUSTRI

HISTORY
Dikenalkan pertama kali oleh Robert Frosch dan Nicholas E Gapoullous, tahun 1989
“ Mengapa system industry tidak bertindak seperti suatu ekosistem, dimana jenis
limbah dimungkinkan sebagai Sumber daya untuk jenis industry lain, yang dengan
demikian mengurangi penggunaan bahan baku, polusi dan menghemat biaya
pengolahan limbah”

“COMPREHENSIVE approach to production, distribution, utilization and

termination of goods and service in a manner that maximizise mutually
beneficial utilization of materials and energy among enterpirses thereby
minimizing consumption of nonrenewable raw materials and energy while
preventing the production of wastes and
 EKOLOGI INDUSTRI

PENINGKATAN
PENINGKATAN KUALITAS
EKONOMI LINGKUNGAN
THE RECENT HISTORY: IE THE EARLIER ATTEMPT
Important to remember that industrial ecology offers a much broader perspective
than just reducing or using waste. Industrial ecology aims at the integrated
management of all resources (not only waste).
CORE ELEMENT
Robert White, The former president of the USA National Academy of Engineering
“ The study of the flows materials and energy in industrial and consumer activies, of the effect
of these flows on the environment, and of influences of economic, political, refulatory and
social factors on the flow use and transfoemation of resources: (White, 1994)
Core element of industrial ecology
1. The Bilogical analogy
2. The use of system perspective
3.The role of technological change
4. the role of companies
5. dematerialization and eco efficiency
6. forward looking research and practice
1.THE BIOLOGICAL ANALOGY
Applied principally at the level of facilities, district and regions using notions
borrowed from ecosystems ecology regarding the flow and especiallity the cycling of
materials, nutrient and energy in ecosystems as a potential model for realtionships
between facilities and firm.
Ecology industry not only just to establish the eco industrial parks, Graedel and
Allenby (1995) have offered a typological of ecosystems varying according to the
degree which they rely on external inputs (energy and wastes) and on release of
wastes to an external environment
 INDUSTRIAL METABOLISM AND INDUSTRIAL
ECOSYSTEM
Forsch and Gapoulous  thingking industry as a heavily analogues to the behavior
of natural world with regard to the use of materials and energy
Ecologist talk about a food Wastes not only as output to be
web, interconnection of uses prevented by the propoer choice but also
of both organism and their as a part of the ondutrial processes
waste
produc stream is to be designed
Organism operate natural
ecosystem Enterprise practise the industrial ecology
operate in industrial ecosystem
Organism create inticate interdeoendent webs
whereby individuals kind of organism utilize
waste product from others for theior own
needs
TYPE I (OPEN LOOP)
The most linear and reliant on
external resources and sink
TYPE II & TYPE III
Show the system that begin to recycling and reuse and limited waste exhausted to the
environment

The most dynamic ccycle show with the 3th diagram that show not only just waste, but
also the the energy, by product as other raw material for other industries, and this
system is orientation by Industrial Ecology such as Kalundborg Eco park
2. SYSTEM PERSPECTIVE
IE emphasizes the critical need for system perspective in environmental analysis and
decision making. The goal is to avoid narrow, partial analyses that can overlook
important variables and more importantly, lead to unintended consequences.
This system orientation manifested in:
1. use of Cycle perspective
2. Use of materials and energy flow analysis
3. use of systems modelling
4. simphaty for multidisciplinary and interdisciplanery research and analysis
3. TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
It is a conspicuous path for pursuing the achievmenet of environmental goals as well
as an object of study (ausubel and Langford 1997)
Many in the field look to technological innovation as acentral means of solving
environmental problems. It shoul note that however, that impulse is shared widely
within the field, agreements as to the degree to which this king of innovation will be
sufficient to solve technological problems remain a lively matter or debate.
Micro level of this term for example is Ecodesign or Design for Environment
4. ROLES OF COMPANY
Bussines play a special role in IE in two respect
1. important agent for accomplishing environmentals goals
2. active topic of investigation of IE a neccesarry component of a shift to less
antagonistic, more cooperative and what is hoped, more effective approach to
environmental policy
diverse set of analyses and initiatives that explore the efficacy of beyond
compliance environmental strategies and behaviour
“Impulse
Business as a corporate strategic and Product Takeback
policy-marker sustainabel development
Microeconomic rationales
rather than a
Macro-level analyses of the
policy taker” effectiveness of voluntary corporate environmental
innovation pursued to mantain
schemes
autonomy
5.DEMATERIZATION AND ECO-EFFICIENCY
Dematerization :
“ Reduce resources conmsuption and environmental release” or materials intensity of use,
decarbonization and eco-efficicency

Reduction in the quantity of materials used to accomplish the task, offers the possibility the
coupling resource use and environmental impact from economif growth
6. FORWARD LOOKING ANALYSIS
It is the Orientation much of prospective IE

How things might be done differently to

avoid the creation of environmental
problems in th first place

Eco Design
Avoid irreversible harms and damages that
are expensive to remedy
STRATEGIC FOR IMPLEMENT THE ECOLOGICAL
INDUSTRIES
1. optimalization the resources
2. close cycle material
3. dematerization
4. not depend to non renewable resources
PUT IN TOGETHER
INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY GOALS

Reducing Risk versus Optimizing Resource Use

Positive and normative Analysis

Transformative and incremental Change

REDUCING RISK AND OPTIMALISM THE
RESOURCES
be seen as providing a
Examines the perturbation
complementary
to natural system,
emphasized to these
especially the
fields by concentrating on
biogeochemical cycles,
detailed and nuanced
arising from
charactherization of the
anthropogenic activities
sources of pollution
INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY AND CLEANER
PRODUCTION PRECAUTION, PREVENTION and INTEGRATION

Replace the techmology with the production

The continuous application of integrated, because lack of emphasize of comples social,
preventive environmental stratergy economic and ecological factor
applied to processes, product and service
in pursuit of economic, social, health,
safety and environmental benefit Coined in May 1989 UNEP

emphasizes
OECD, 1987: Clean technology as “any
technical measures.. To reduce, or even
Preventive approach to environmental eliminated at source, the production of any
management taking into accounts impact over nuisance, pollution and waste ant to hel
whole life cycle of product and services save raw materials, natural resources and
energy
The kalundborg industrial ecosystem
is not specially planned,
spontaneously developed
 1. PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLES
Structuring a new Reduce polluting emission of particular kind of
MITTIGATE
approach to substances especially where there is reason to assume
potenstial
environmental that certaindamage or harmfull effect..are likely caused
Causes
protection by such substances

Advance of conclusice
scientific evidence about
actual effect
 2. PREVENTION PRINCIPLE
Prevent illness itself by promoting health in
the patient, and increasing his or her natural
resistance to disease

Requires action to be taken upstream,

before environmental impact occur

Correct imbalances attempt to correct

imbalances and disease in the organism
Control the environmental
pollution with the only
waste management
END OF PIPE TREATMENT PROBLEMS
1. reactive approach means take action only when produce “waste”
2. uneffective to solve problem because of the potentially movement of
pollutant(liquid, gases or solid) one to other environment component or known as
translocation processes
3. High cost in other invest and operates the waste management system that can
effect the overall productive cost
4. Human support system include the regulation and law enforcement, people with
high responsibilities to the environment
3. INTEGRATED

Answer the
failure of
end of pipe
Integrated give the attention to emission over the
problems Concentrating
whole cycles of product and service from raw
that on all material
material extraction, trough conversion and
approach flows, rather to
Production, distribution, utilization or consumption,
to the selected ones
re use or recycling, and to ultimate disposal
specific
environment
al media
COMPONENT OF CLEAN PRODUCTION
1. change the raw material, especially hazard materials Re Think First
2. minimize or reduce the waste production
3. change the design, composition, to became green product

reuse reduction

recovery Recycling
EFFICIENT MATERIAL USES
1. Dematerization, using less material for specific application
2. Subtitution of more abundant and safe material for one that is scarce/toxic
3. Recycling,
4 waste Mining : Extract the usefull material from waste that has a significant, largely
unrealiazed potential to reduction the use of virgin material
CLEAN PRODUCTION IN INDONESIA
What do you know?
BENEFIT OF CLEAN PRODUCTION
Can you give the example??
ECOLABELLING
Eco labeling is ecology label that given by to product that consider as green product
that can be market on the world trade center in the 21 th century.
Product without the ecolabell should be delete in the market, because of the
awareness of people to safe earth by choose better product for better environment.
This awareness push industry to rethink, and also redesign the product process,
distribution, utilization and other to accomplish th Industrial Ecology
INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY VS CLEAN PRODUCTION
Both focus on the concept of material efficiency, cleanr production,
ascribes an equally role to hazard reductiontrough subtituion,
suggesting the reduction or complete phase-0out of use of certain
priority toxic

Clean production Industrial Ecology

Relies more heaviliy on the

Assumed carried out more or less relationship between firms, and
autonomously by and within therefore requet corporative
individual firms netweork of actors enganged a
different functional level